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Application Development
ABAP Workbench
Basis Technology - Overview
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Content
Unit Basis System and the System Environment
Unit Navigation
Unit System Kernel
Unit Administration and Remote Services
Exercises + Solutions
Basis Technology - Overview
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Basis System and the System Environment
l The Integration Model
l Business Framework Architecture
l Openness and Scalability
l The Client Server Concept
l The R3 Basis Components
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Objectives
l Discuss the Business Framework model as the new
strategic product architecture of the R3 System
l Specify the basic technological properties of the R3
System such as portability openness and
scalability
l Define the client software concept and its influence
on the R3 System software architecture
l Outline the R3 Basis components and their tasks for
the whole system
R
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l Extensive business
functions
R3R3BasisBasis
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
COCOControllingControlling
TRTRTreasuryTreasury
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProduction
PlanningPlanning
QMQMQualityQualityMgmtMgmt
PMPMPlantPlantMain-Main-
tenancetenance
A c c oun t i n g
Human Re s ou r c e s
L og i s t i c s
I ndus t r y
C ros s -App l i c a t i o n
R3 Integration Diagram
n The R3 System is based on an economic model that covers the following application areas
Financial accounting controlling asset management materials management production planning and
production control sales and distribution quality management plant maintenance project management
service management human resources office communication workflow functions industry solutions
Open Information Warehouse
n An outstanding feature of the components of the R3 System is the combination of up-to-the-minute
technology with comprehensive business functions The high level of application integration ensures that
all functions can be accessed directly throughout the system and therefore your company When you
install your R3 System the data is integrated using a common database
n Processing business processes with the R3 System is not restricted to individual application modules
All data and functions are closely connected to each other This enables cross-application business
processes to be carried out at smoothly as possible
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R3 in the Business Framework
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
Business
InformationWarehouse
Business
InformationWarehouse
HR 40HR 40
LO 40
FI 40
Core 31Core 31
Internet
Applications
Internet
Applications
Employee
Self-
Service
Employee
Self-
Service
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Comple-
mentary
Software
Comple-
mentary
Software
Internet
Intranet
n The Business Framework is the new strategic R3 System product architectureIt works with business components which are software modules that can be configured and provides
enterprises with a moving business infrastructure Therefore enterprise software can react quickly to
new business requirements and be changed or enhanced simply without interrupting the business
process Using the Business Framework technology SAP provides its customers with a new platform to
configure and connect business processes and information flows across all components of the Business
Framework - and also across physically separated application components
n Examples of types of business components are core components such as FI (Financial Accounting) LO
(Logistics) HR (Human Resources) or industry components for the formation of specific applications
for different sectors or Internet application components for Business-to-Business Consumer-to-Business
and Intranet applications
n The advantages of the Business Framework Architecture (BFA) include the ability to easily change and
configure dynamically business processes independently of usual releases easy integration of Internet
and Intranet components in their business processes simple connection between R3 and third-party
software customersrsquo own developments and evolutionary implementation of the latest technology
without interrupting the business operation
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
Business Framework Components
BOBOBAPIBAPI
AL E
Clientcomponents
Clientcomponents
B AP I B AP I
BAPI
BOBOBOBO
BAPIBAPI
Business
Components
BAPIBAPI
e g Human Resou r c es
e g O rde r emp lo yee
app l i c an t
e g D i sp l ay o rd e r
c h a n ge emp l o y e e
add r es s
n The Business Framework graphic shows the R3 System as a family of separate integrated componentsn Components
Business Components (Human Resources for example)
Business Objects (Order employee applicant for example)
BAPI-Interfaces (create an order change employee address for example)
n Business components interact in the Business Framework over open Business Application Programming
Interfaces (BAPIs) BAPIs also provide a stable standardized interface to integrate external
applications and components into the Business Framework These interfaces are defined within the
framework of the SAP initiative with customers partners and leading standardization organizations
n To distribute business information to in the Business Framework there are stable technologies such as
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ALE guarantees integration between the business components
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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Content
Unit Basis System and the System Environment
Unit Navigation
Unit System Kernel
Unit Administration and Remote Services
Exercises + Solutions
Basis Technology - Overview
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Basis System and the System Environment
l The Integration Model
l Business Framework Architecture
l Openness and Scalability
l The Client Server Concept
l The R3 Basis Components
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Objectives
l Discuss the Business Framework model as the new
strategic product architecture of the R3 System
l Specify the basic technological properties of the R3
System such as portability openness and
scalability
l Define the client software concept and its influence
on the R3 System software architecture
l Outline the R3 Basis components and their tasks for
the whole system
R
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l Extensive business
functions
R3R3BasisBasis
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
COCOControllingControlling
TRTRTreasuryTreasury
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProduction
PlanningPlanning
QMQMQualityQualityMgmtMgmt
PMPMPlantPlantMain-Main-
tenancetenance
A c c oun t i n g
Human Re s ou r c e s
L og i s t i c s
I ndus t r y
C ros s -App l i c a t i o n
R3 Integration Diagram
n The R3 System is based on an economic model that covers the following application areas
Financial accounting controlling asset management materials management production planning and
production control sales and distribution quality management plant maintenance project management
service management human resources office communication workflow functions industry solutions
Open Information Warehouse
n An outstanding feature of the components of the R3 System is the combination of up-to-the-minute
technology with comprehensive business functions The high level of application integration ensures that
all functions can be accessed directly throughout the system and therefore your company When you
install your R3 System the data is integrated using a common database
n Processing business processes with the R3 System is not restricted to individual application modules
All data and functions are closely connected to each other This enables cross-application business
processes to be carried out at smoothly as possible
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R3 in the Business Framework
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
Business
InformationWarehouse
Business
InformationWarehouse
HR 40HR 40
LO 40
FI 40
Core 31Core 31
Internet
Applications
Internet
Applications
Employee
Self-
Service
Employee
Self-
Service
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Comple-
mentary
Software
Comple-
mentary
Software
Internet
Intranet
n The Business Framework is the new strategic R3 System product architectureIt works with business components which are software modules that can be configured and provides
enterprises with a moving business infrastructure Therefore enterprise software can react quickly to
new business requirements and be changed or enhanced simply without interrupting the business
process Using the Business Framework technology SAP provides its customers with a new platform to
configure and connect business processes and information flows across all components of the Business
Framework - and also across physically separated application components
n Examples of types of business components are core components such as FI (Financial Accounting) LO
(Logistics) HR (Human Resources) or industry components for the formation of specific applications
for different sectors or Internet application components for Business-to-Business Consumer-to-Business
and Intranet applications
n The advantages of the Business Framework Architecture (BFA) include the ability to easily change and
configure dynamically business processes independently of usual releases easy integration of Internet
and Intranet components in their business processes simple connection between R3 and third-party
software customersrsquo own developments and evolutionary implementation of the latest technology
without interrupting the business operation
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
Business Framework Components
BOBOBAPIBAPI
AL E
Clientcomponents
Clientcomponents
B AP I B AP I
BAPI
BOBOBOBO
BAPIBAPI
Business
Components
BAPIBAPI
e g Human Resou r c es
e g O rde r emp lo yee
app l i c an t
e g D i sp l ay o rd e r
c h a n ge emp l o y e e
add r es s
n The Business Framework graphic shows the R3 System as a family of separate integrated componentsn Components
Business Components (Human Resources for example)
Business Objects (Order employee applicant for example)
BAPI-Interfaces (create an order change employee address for example)
n Business components interact in the Business Framework over open Business Application Programming
Interfaces (BAPIs) BAPIs also provide a stable standardized interface to integrate external
applications and components into the Business Framework These interfaces are defined within the
framework of the SAP initiative with customers partners and leading standardization organizations
n To distribute business information to in the Business Framework there are stable technologies such as
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ALE guarantees integration between the business components
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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Basis System and the System Environment
l The Integration Model
l Business Framework Architecture
l Openness and Scalability
l The Client Server Concept
l The R3 Basis Components
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Objectives
l Discuss the Business Framework model as the new
strategic product architecture of the R3 System
l Specify the basic technological properties of the R3
System such as portability openness and
scalability
l Define the client software concept and its influence
on the R3 System software architecture
l Outline the R3 Basis components and their tasks for
the whole system
R
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l Extensive business
functions
R3R3BasisBasis
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
COCOControllingControlling
TRTRTreasuryTreasury
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProduction
PlanningPlanning
QMQMQualityQualityMgmtMgmt
PMPMPlantPlantMain-Main-
tenancetenance
A c c oun t i n g
Human Re s ou r c e s
L og i s t i c s
I ndus t r y
C ros s -App l i c a t i o n
R3 Integration Diagram
n The R3 System is based on an economic model that covers the following application areas
Financial accounting controlling asset management materials management production planning and
production control sales and distribution quality management plant maintenance project management
service management human resources office communication workflow functions industry solutions
Open Information Warehouse
n An outstanding feature of the components of the R3 System is the combination of up-to-the-minute
technology with comprehensive business functions The high level of application integration ensures that
all functions can be accessed directly throughout the system and therefore your company When you
install your R3 System the data is integrated using a common database
n Processing business processes with the R3 System is not restricted to individual application modules
All data and functions are closely connected to each other This enables cross-application business
processes to be carried out at smoothly as possible
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R3 in the Business Framework
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
Business
InformationWarehouse
Business
InformationWarehouse
HR 40HR 40
LO 40
FI 40
Core 31Core 31
Internet
Applications
Internet
Applications
Employee
Self-
Service
Employee
Self-
Service
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Comple-
mentary
Software
Comple-
mentary
Software
Internet
Intranet
n The Business Framework is the new strategic R3 System product architectureIt works with business components which are software modules that can be configured and provides
enterprises with a moving business infrastructure Therefore enterprise software can react quickly to
new business requirements and be changed or enhanced simply without interrupting the business
process Using the Business Framework technology SAP provides its customers with a new platform to
configure and connect business processes and information flows across all components of the Business
Framework - and also across physically separated application components
n Examples of types of business components are core components such as FI (Financial Accounting) LO
(Logistics) HR (Human Resources) or industry components for the formation of specific applications
for different sectors or Internet application components for Business-to-Business Consumer-to-Business
and Intranet applications
n The advantages of the Business Framework Architecture (BFA) include the ability to easily change and
configure dynamically business processes independently of usual releases easy integration of Internet
and Intranet components in their business processes simple connection between R3 and third-party
software customersrsquo own developments and evolutionary implementation of the latest technology
without interrupting the business operation
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
Business Framework Components
BOBOBAPIBAPI
AL E
Clientcomponents
Clientcomponents
B AP I B AP I
BAPI
BOBOBOBO
BAPIBAPI
Business
Components
BAPIBAPI
e g Human Resou r c es
e g O rde r emp lo yee
app l i c an t
e g D i sp l ay o rd e r
c h a n ge emp l o y e e
add r es s
n The Business Framework graphic shows the R3 System as a family of separate integrated componentsn Components
Business Components (Human Resources for example)
Business Objects (Order employee applicant for example)
BAPI-Interfaces (create an order change employee address for example)
n Business components interact in the Business Framework over open Business Application Programming
Interfaces (BAPIs) BAPIs also provide a stable standardized interface to integrate external
applications and components into the Business Framework These interfaces are defined within the
framework of the SAP initiative with customers partners and leading standardization organizations
n To distribute business information to in the Business Framework there are stable technologies such as
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ALE guarantees integration between the business components
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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Objectives
l Discuss the Business Framework model as the new
strategic product architecture of the R3 System
l Specify the basic technological properties of the R3
System such as portability openness and
scalability
l Define the client software concept and its influence
on the R3 System software architecture
l Outline the R3 Basis components and their tasks for
the whole system
R
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l Extensive business
functions
R3R3BasisBasis
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
COCOControllingControlling
TRTRTreasuryTreasury
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProduction
PlanningPlanning
QMQMQualityQualityMgmtMgmt
PMPMPlantPlantMain-Main-
tenancetenance
A c c oun t i n g
Human Re s ou r c e s
L og i s t i c s
I ndus t r y
C ros s -App l i c a t i o n
R3 Integration Diagram
n The R3 System is based on an economic model that covers the following application areas
Financial accounting controlling asset management materials management production planning and
production control sales and distribution quality management plant maintenance project management
service management human resources office communication workflow functions industry solutions
Open Information Warehouse
n An outstanding feature of the components of the R3 System is the combination of up-to-the-minute
technology with comprehensive business functions The high level of application integration ensures that
all functions can be accessed directly throughout the system and therefore your company When you
install your R3 System the data is integrated using a common database
n Processing business processes with the R3 System is not restricted to individual application modules
All data and functions are closely connected to each other This enables cross-application business
processes to be carried out at smoothly as possible
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R3 in the Business Framework
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
Business
InformationWarehouse
Business
InformationWarehouse
HR 40HR 40
LO 40
FI 40
Core 31Core 31
Internet
Applications
Internet
Applications
Employee
Self-
Service
Employee
Self-
Service
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Comple-
mentary
Software
Comple-
mentary
Software
Internet
Intranet
n The Business Framework is the new strategic R3 System product architectureIt works with business components which are software modules that can be configured and provides
enterprises with a moving business infrastructure Therefore enterprise software can react quickly to
new business requirements and be changed or enhanced simply without interrupting the business
process Using the Business Framework technology SAP provides its customers with a new platform to
configure and connect business processes and information flows across all components of the Business
Framework - and also across physically separated application components
n Examples of types of business components are core components such as FI (Financial Accounting) LO
(Logistics) HR (Human Resources) or industry components for the formation of specific applications
for different sectors or Internet application components for Business-to-Business Consumer-to-Business
and Intranet applications
n The advantages of the Business Framework Architecture (BFA) include the ability to easily change and
configure dynamically business processes independently of usual releases easy integration of Internet
and Intranet components in their business processes simple connection between R3 and third-party
software customersrsquo own developments and evolutionary implementation of the latest technology
without interrupting the business operation
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
Business Framework Components
BOBOBAPIBAPI
AL E
Clientcomponents
Clientcomponents
B AP I B AP I
BAPI
BOBOBOBO
BAPIBAPI
Business
Components
BAPIBAPI
e g Human Resou r c es
e g O rde r emp lo yee
app l i c an t
e g D i sp l ay o rd e r
c h a n ge emp l o y e e
add r es s
n The Business Framework graphic shows the R3 System as a family of separate integrated componentsn Components
Business Components (Human Resources for example)
Business Objects (Order employee applicant for example)
BAPI-Interfaces (create an order change employee address for example)
n Business components interact in the Business Framework over open Business Application Programming
Interfaces (BAPIs) BAPIs also provide a stable standardized interface to integrate external
applications and components into the Business Framework These interfaces are defined within the
framework of the SAP initiative with customers partners and leading standardization organizations
n To distribute business information to in the Business Framework there are stable technologies such as
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ALE guarantees integration between the business components
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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l Extensive business
functions
R3R3BasisBasis
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
COCOControllingControlling
TRTRTreasuryTreasury
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProduction
PlanningPlanning
QMQMQualityQualityMgmtMgmt
PMPMPlantPlantMain-Main-
tenancetenance
A c c oun t i n g
Human Re s ou r c e s
L og i s t i c s
I ndus t r y
C ros s -App l i c a t i o n
R3 Integration Diagram
n The R3 System is based on an economic model that covers the following application areas
Financial accounting controlling asset management materials management production planning and
production control sales and distribution quality management plant maintenance project management
service management human resources office communication workflow functions industry solutions
Open Information Warehouse
n An outstanding feature of the components of the R3 System is the combination of up-to-the-minute
technology with comprehensive business functions The high level of application integration ensures that
all functions can be accessed directly throughout the system and therefore your company When you
install your R3 System the data is integrated using a common database
n Processing business processes with the R3 System is not restricted to individual application modules
All data and functions are closely connected to each other This enables cross-application business
processes to be carried out at smoothly as possible
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R3 in the Business Framework
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
Business
InformationWarehouse
Business
InformationWarehouse
HR 40HR 40
LO 40
FI 40
Core 31Core 31
Internet
Applications
Internet
Applications
Employee
Self-
Service
Employee
Self-
Service
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Comple-
mentary
Software
Comple-
mentary
Software
Internet
Intranet
n The Business Framework is the new strategic R3 System product architectureIt works with business components which are software modules that can be configured and provides
enterprises with a moving business infrastructure Therefore enterprise software can react quickly to
new business requirements and be changed or enhanced simply without interrupting the business
process Using the Business Framework technology SAP provides its customers with a new platform to
configure and connect business processes and information flows across all components of the Business
Framework - and also across physically separated application components
n Examples of types of business components are core components such as FI (Financial Accounting) LO
(Logistics) HR (Human Resources) or industry components for the formation of specific applications
for different sectors or Internet application components for Business-to-Business Consumer-to-Business
and Intranet applications
n The advantages of the Business Framework Architecture (BFA) include the ability to easily change and
configure dynamically business processes independently of usual releases easy integration of Internet
and Intranet components in their business processes simple connection between R3 and third-party
software customersrsquo own developments and evolutionary implementation of the latest technology
without interrupting the business operation
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
Business Framework Components
BOBOBAPIBAPI
AL E
Clientcomponents
Clientcomponents
B AP I B AP I
BAPI
BOBOBOBO
BAPIBAPI
Business
Components
BAPIBAPI
e g Human Resou r c es
e g O rde r emp lo yee
app l i c an t
e g D i sp l ay o rd e r
c h a n ge emp l o y e e
add r es s
n The Business Framework graphic shows the R3 System as a family of separate integrated componentsn Components
Business Components (Human Resources for example)
Business Objects (Order employee applicant for example)
BAPI-Interfaces (create an order change employee address for example)
n Business components interact in the Business Framework over open Business Application Programming
Interfaces (BAPIs) BAPIs also provide a stable standardized interface to integrate external
applications and components into the Business Framework These interfaces are defined within the
framework of the SAP initiative with customers partners and leading standardization organizations
n To distribute business information to in the Business Framework there are stable technologies such as
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ALE guarantees integration between the business components
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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R3 in the Business Framework
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
Business
InformationWarehouse
Business
InformationWarehouse
HR 40HR 40
LO 40
FI 40
Core 31Core 31
Internet
Applications
Internet
Applications
Employee
Self-
Service
Employee
Self-
Service
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Add-on
Develop-
ment
Comple-
mentary
Software
Comple-
mentary
Software
Internet
Intranet
n The Business Framework is the new strategic R3 System product architectureIt works with business components which are software modules that can be configured and provides
enterprises with a moving business infrastructure Therefore enterprise software can react quickly to
new business requirements and be changed or enhanced simply without interrupting the business
process Using the Business Framework technology SAP provides its customers with a new platform to
configure and connect business processes and information flows across all components of the Business
Framework - and also across physically separated application components
n Examples of types of business components are core components such as FI (Financial Accounting) LO
(Logistics) HR (Human Resources) or industry components for the formation of specific applications
for different sectors or Internet application components for Business-to-Business Consumer-to-Business
and Intranet applications
n The advantages of the Business Framework Architecture (BFA) include the ability to easily change and
configure dynamically business processes independently of usual releases easy integration of Internet
and Intranet components in their business processes simple connection between R3 and third-party
software customersrsquo own developments and evolutionary implementation of the latest technology
without interrupting the business operation
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
Business Framework Components
BOBOBAPIBAPI
AL E
Clientcomponents
Clientcomponents
B AP I B AP I
BAPI
BOBOBOBO
BAPIBAPI
Business
Components
BAPIBAPI
e g Human Resou r c es
e g O rde r emp lo yee
app l i c an t
e g D i sp l ay o rd e r
c h a n ge emp l o y e e
add r es s
n The Business Framework graphic shows the R3 System as a family of separate integrated componentsn Components
Business Components (Human Resources for example)
Business Objects (Order employee applicant for example)
BAPI-Interfaces (create an order change employee address for example)
n Business components interact in the Business Framework over open Business Application Programming
Interfaces (BAPIs) BAPIs also provide a stable standardized interface to integrate external
applications and components into the Business Framework These interfaces are defined within the
framework of the SAP initiative with customers partners and leading standardization organizations
n To distribute business information to in the Business Framework there are stable technologies such as
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ALE guarantees integration between the business components
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
Business Framework Components
BOBOBAPIBAPI
AL E
Clientcomponents
Clientcomponents
B AP I B AP I
BAPI
BOBOBOBO
BAPIBAPI
Business
Components
BAPIBAPI
e g Human Resou r c es
e g O rde r emp lo yee
app l i c an t
e g D i sp l ay o rd e r
c h a n ge emp l o y e e
add r es s
n The Business Framework graphic shows the R3 System as a family of separate integrated componentsn Components
Business Components (Human Resources for example)
Business Objects (Order employee applicant for example)
BAPI-Interfaces (create an order change employee address for example)
n Business components interact in the Business Framework over open Business Application Programming
Interfaces (BAPIs) BAPIs also provide a stable standardized interface to integrate external
applications and components into the Business Framework These interfaces are defined within the
framework of the SAP initiative with customers partners and leading standardization organizations
n To distribute business information to in the Business Framework there are stable technologies such as
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ALE guarantees integration between the business components
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R
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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R
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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R
Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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R
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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R
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
CPI-C CPI-C
RFC RFC
OL E OL E
E D I
E D I
A L E
A L E
R3 as an Open System
n The R3 System ensures portability by using industry standards for interfaces that allow the integrationof applications data and user interfaces This is how the system is compatible with different operating
systems databases and networks The R3 System uses open system industry standards such as TCPIP
EDI OLE and Open Interfaces
sect TCPIP Network communication protocol
sect EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Process for the exchange of business data between different
systems
sect OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Integrates PC applications with the R3 System
sect Open Interfaces Such as optical archiving barcoding devices etc
n As well as the industry standards used by SAP the R3 System also uses additional communicationtools which allow integration beyond system borders
sect RFC Remote Function Calls use CPI-C protocols (IBMs communication standard) to facilitate
communication and processing of applications and tasks between R3 R2 and other systems
sect ALE Application Link Enabling allows distributed processing autonomy and the integration of
R3 R2 and other systems that are linked to each other
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R
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
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R
R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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R
Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R
R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
7252019 print01pdf
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R
l Extensive business
administration functionsl R3 as a family of
separate integratedcomponents
l Working with businessadministrationcomponentsBC BO BAPIs
l Integration of externalapplications via openinterfaces
l
Flexibility scalabilityand performance usingclient server architecture
PresentationPresentation
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
Sca lab i l i t y
Client Server - Scalability of the R3 System
n The R3 System has a modular software architecture that follows the software-oriented client server principle This architecture forms the basis of the many options available to customers for planning and
operating their individual R3 System installations Central configurations are supported as well as
distributed systems with numerous dedicated servers
n This architecture allows you to separate application logic from the presentation and the database This
is the prerequisite for distributing load in client server configurations as well as using the performance
potential and various cost structures of present and future hardware generations
n This architecture allows you to adjust the performance of the installed host service (scalability) for
example if load profiles have changed as a result of increasing user numbers or because additional
components are used
n Features and uses of the scalability of the R3 System
sect Installation of additional servers with resource bottleneckssect Parallel servers with homogeneous load and local program execution
sect Buffer data and programs near to the processors
sect Logon and load balancing (distribution of users to dedicated servers
load distribution with background processing)
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R
Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
7252019 print01pdf
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R
R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
7252019 print01pdf
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R
Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R
R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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R
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
7252019 print01pdf
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R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-16
983209 SAP AG
R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-10
983209 SAP AG
R
Client Server Principles
Process 1 Process 1
Requ i r emen t
f o r a
s e r v i c e So f twa r e -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
Ha rdwa re -
o r i e n t e d
v i ew
LAN WAN
Client Server
Client Server
P r o v i s i o n
o f a
s e r v i c e
n In SAP terminology a software component provides a service (software-oriented view) This type of component can consist of a process or a group of processes and is then called a server for that service
n Software components that use this service are called clients At the same time such clients can also be
servers for specific services
n A server often also means a computer (host) on which software components run that provide specific
services (hardware-oriented view)
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-11
983209 SAP AG
R
R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-12
983209 SAP AG
R
Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
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R
R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
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R
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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R
R3 System Client Server Configurations
ApplicationApplication
DatabaseDatabase
PresentationPresentation
Database application
presentation processes
Central system Two-tier config Three-tier config
Presentation processes
Database
application processesFlow of
Database processes
Applicat ion processes
n The fundamental services in a business application system are presentation services application servicesand database services
n In a central R3 System configuration all processing tasks are performed by one host This corresponds
with the classic mainframe processing with X terminals instead of character-oriented terminals
n Two-tier R3 System configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are
responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface Many R3 System users use Windows PCs for
example as presentation servers An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop
systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier clientserver) This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software
developers
n In a three-tier configuration you use your own host for the three tiers Using data from the database
server several different application servers can operate at the same time To ensure that the load onindividual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance you can use special
application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning distribution or financial
accounting
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R
Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
7252019 print01pdf
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R
R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
7252019 print01pdf
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R
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
7252019 print01pdf
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R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-16
983209 SAP AG
R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-12
983209 SAP AG
R
Three-Tier Hierarchy
l SAP
presentation
Application
server
Database
server l Database access
l Dialog processing
l Background processing
l Update lock
X terminals
NC terminals
Terminal
server
Presentation
server
Workstations PCs laptops
n The R3 System refers to all software components that are assigned to the same databasen If you use the distribution options of the R3 System according to the client server principle the R3
components extend over a three-tier hierarchy
sect The database server is installed on a central host that is the database server processes run on this
host
sect Several application servers can be connected to the database server Application servers process the
actual application logic
sect Several presentation servers can also be connected to each application server These are also called
frontends (workstation PC) These individual computers process all presentation tasks Users work
interactively with the R3 System using the user interface provided by the presentation services
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-13
983209 SAP AG
R
R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-14
983209 SAP AG
R
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-15
983209 SAP AG
R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-16
983209 SAP AG
R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-13
983209 SAP AG
R
R3 Basis Middleware
A B A P
Wo r k b e n c h
R 3 app l i c a t i o n
R3 Basis (Middleware)
Sy s t em So f t w a r e
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProjectSystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
R3R3Client Server Client Server
ABAP4ABAP4
COCOControl l ingControl l ing
AMAMAsset MgmtAsset Mgmt
PSPSProjectProject
SystemSystem
WFWFWorkflowWorkflow
ISISIndustryIndustry
SolutionsSolutions
HRHRHumanHuman
ResourcesResources
SDSDSales ampSales amp
DistributionDistribution
PPPPProductionProductionPlanningPlanning
QMQMQual i tyQual i ty
MgmtMgmt
FIFIFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccounting
PMPMPlant Main-Plant Main-
tenancetenance
MMMMMaterialsMaterials
MgmtMgmt
n Using the R3 Basis System the applications can run on different platforms with high performance andcan be adapted to meet the individual user requirements
n R3 Basis software (also called middleware)
sect Provides the runtime environment for the R3 applications
sect Takes care of optimally embedding the application in the system environment
sect Defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements
sect Contains the tools for administering the whole system
sect Allows resources and system components to be distributed
sect Provides interfaces for decentral system parts and external products
n Features of Basis technology are
sect The R3 Basis System architecture particularly complies with the structure of client server
configurationssect Relational databases
sect Graphical user interfaces
7252019 print01pdf
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copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-14
983209 SAP AG
R
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
7252019 print01pdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullprint01pdf 1516
copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-15
983209 SAP AG
R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
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Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
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B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
Screen interpreter ABAP
interpreter
R3 Basis System Overview
Sy s t em so f t w a r e a n d p l a t fo rm s
System interfaces
Flow control
Programming interfaces
U s e r i n t e r f a c e
App l i c a t i o n s
B e n u t z e r s c h n i t t s t e l l e
C o
m m u n i c a t i o n i n t e r f a c e
ABAP
Dictionary
n To guarantee portability of the R3 System applications the system software interfaces are combined intheir own level Above this level the functions of all R3 System components are completely
independent of the hardware and software environment
n The flow control sits on top of the system interfaces It controls services such as scheduling or memory
administration that could partly be left to the surrounding operating system software but which are
executed within the R3 System for reasons of portability and performance
n The user interface provides the application presentation options
n The communication interface defines the channels for exchanging information electronically for
transferring legacy data for example or for program-to-program communication according to the CPI-
C protocol and for the standard exchange of application data using EDI (this will be explained later in
the course)
n All application programs in the R3 System are formulated in SAPs own ABAP programming
language The controlling components for the screen sequence are DYNPROS (= dynamic programs)
The interaction between the screen and ABAP interpreters forms the technological basis of the R3
System applications Both interpreters use the overall view of the R3 System data that is stored in the
ABAP Dictionary
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System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
7252019 print01pdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullprint01pdf 1616
copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-16
983209 SAP AG
R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
7252019 print01pdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullprint01pdf 1516
copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-15
983209 SAP AG
R
System Platforms for the R3 System
not supported with AS400
DB2 for
OS390
DB2 for
OS390
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
Windows 31 Windows 95 Windows NT
OSFMotif OS2 Presentation Manager (PM)Macintosh Java
ABAP C C++ HTML JavaABAP C C++ HTML Java
OS390OS390AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
AIX
Digital UNIX
HP-UX
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARIS
Reliant
UNIX (SINIX)
SOLARISWindows NTWindows NT OS400OS400
Hardware BullZenithCompaq
Data General
BullZenithCompaq
Data General
NC RSequent
SNI
NC RSequent
SNI
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
DigitalHP (Intel)
IBM (Intel)
Bull
Digital
HP
Bull
Digital
HP
IB M
SNI
SU N
IB M
SNI
SU N
UNIX SystemsUNIX Systems
IB M
AS400
IB M
AS400
Operatingsystems
DialogSAPGUI
Languages
Data-bases
IB M
S390
IB M
S390
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLineORACLE
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX-OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 Common Server
INFORMIX OnLine
ORACLE
MS SQL Server
DB2 for
AS400
DB2 for
AS400
n The R3 Systems open architecture means that it is extremely portablen The R3 System is fully compatible with all important UNIX platforms and Windows NT (Microsoft)
as well as with AS400 and S390 (IBM)
n You can also use database systems such as Informix Online Oracle 7 ADABAS D from Software AG
IBMs DB26000 and Microsofts SQL Server 60
n The graphical user interface of the R3 System (SAPGUI) is also compatible with desktop systems such
as OS2 PM OSFMotif Macintosh and Windows
7252019 print01pdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullprint01pdf 1616
copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-16
983209 SAP AG
R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
7252019 print01pdf
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullprint01pdf 1616
copy SAP AG TABC40 40A ABAP Workbench 1-16
983209 SAP AG
R
Summary
l The Business Framework concept works with the
business components that is configurable
software modules (Business Components) It
provides companies with a flexible business
infrastructure
l The R3 System has a modular architecture that
follows the software-oriented client server
principle This allows scalability of the R3 System
(distribution of application levels)
l The R3 Basis software provides the runtime
environment for the R3 System applications
and ensures that the applications are embeddedoptimally in the system environment
