Printed Solid State Lighting Update

Marc Chason Marc Chason and Associates, Inc.

marcchason@sbcglobal.net

May 7, 2013

Overview of the 2013 iNEMI Solid State Illumination (SSI ) Roadmap chapter

Update on printed OLED (Organic Light Emitting

Diode) technologies for Solid State Lighting (SSL)

Two Themes

iNEMI 2013 SSI Roadmap TOC

Energy Savings Drive Solid State Lighting

http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/ssl2012_energysavings_factsheet.pdf

US DOE Solid-State Lighting Research and Development: Multi-Year Program Plan, 2012,

The Lighting Challenge

LED Lamps are in the Marketplace

Packaged LED Revenue

SOURCE: Yole, Status of the LED Industry, August 2012.

The Building Energy Component

Migration to Solid State Lighting (SSL)

The SSL/LED Migration Could Be Quick

Light Source Light Engine Luminaire

Comparison of LED & OLED Assembly

LED point light source vs. OLED dispersed light source

OLED Lamp

LED & OLED Assembly Hierarchy

New assembly processes with new entrants

Level LED Comments OLED Comments

3 System level assembly

Assembly of luminaire. Product is sold to customers.

System level assembly

Assembly of luminaire. Product is sold to customers.

2 Package on board

SMT assembly inspection and test processes: solder, wire bond, etc.

Assembly accomplished via mechanical leads, conductive adhesives, low temperature solder, wire bonding.

1 LED in package

SMT assembly inspection and test processes: solder, wire bond, etc.

OLED Device

Processing accomplished via integration of sheet fed/roll-to-roll processes and lamination

0 LED Device Focuses on the fabrication of the LED wafer and dicing

Focuses on the deposition of organic light emitting materials

Producing White LED Light

SOURCE: US DOE MYPP2012

SSL Reliability System reliability is a function of component reliability

Gerd Slomski, Phillips LED Workshop, 05.05.2010

Unique Opportunities

Can SSL Transfer Optical Data to Mobile Devices?

Prioritized Gap Recommendations SSI enabling technologies, manufacturing infrastructure and supply chains are emerging but relatively undeveloped.

Significant cross industry education is required to create a robust ecosystem. Develop SSI specific SMT technologies for fabricating LED light engines and light sources. As OLED technology progresses, develop SMT and R2R tools for flex or rigid substrate systems.

Electronic components and devices rather than optical ones gate LED and OLED product performance and product lifetime.

Education of electronics design industry to SSI market opportunities and product requirements to develop extensive supply chain.

SSI specific software and modeling tools to optimize assembly of LED and OLED SSI devices are limited.

Develop SSI specific software for designing and fabricating LED an OLED light engines and light sources within environmental and thermal constraints.

Short Term Prioritized Gaps & Recommendations < 3 years

Prioritized Gap Recommendations SSI cost/lumen has not shown the same improvement rate as luminous efficacy.

Develop LED and OLED materials to produce high-efficiency light sources.

Roll-to-Roll processing for manufacturing companies is not a high yielding core competence for OLED manufacturing.

Develop configurable and standardized in-line measurement and inspection tools for R2R processes.

SSI Product lifetime does not meet advertised targets.

Develop Accelerated Life Tests (ALT) appropriate for long life-time designs, with ALT results validated with real time performance data. Prioritize failure mechanisms (e.g., optical, electronic, mechanical, component, etc.) so industry can address relevant issues

SSI standards are trailing industry development pace.

Maintain consistency and streamline standards development. Develop standards to insure that public policy conforms to technical capability.

Long Term Prioritized Gaps & Recommendations > 3 years

Point Source LEDs as Wide Area OLEDS

Four Themes

1. Where does the Light come from?

2. Why should I care about Solid State Lighting (SSL)?

3. Can I make money in this Market?

4. What are the Value Chains and Supply Chains?

Why Printed Electronics for SSL?

LED

OLED CFL

Incandescent

Roll to roll processing

Screen Printing

Printed Lighting is Available

OLED Offers Unique Form Factor

Universal Display announces technology and materials license agreement with Panasonic Idemitsu

Osram announces launch of their OLED lighting production facility

Universal Display reports technical performance of white OLED that exceeds DoE lifetime targets

Novaled develops long-life power-efficient white PIN OLEDs

Panasonic starts shipping OLED lighting panels and modules

Verbatim launches world’s first commercially available color tuneable OLED lighting panels

… and OLED is Moving Forward

DOW opens semiconductor/display R&D center in Seoul with OLED focus

AMOLED Display Technology

Source: LG Display

More than 100 people have preordered LG’s $10,000 OLED TV so far (Feb 14, 2013)

55-inch OLED TV http://bgr.com/2013/02/14/lg-oled-tv-preorders-327327/

AMOLED Display Technology

Source: LG Display OSA Direct - 2012-03-26

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=F7bGTaVehus

AMOLED Can Drive SSL Technology

http://www.semi.org/en/node/40381?id=sguna0112

Source: LG Display Speaking before the Plastics Electronics Conference in October, 2012 James Lee, LG Display research fellow, indicated ink jet printing, nozzle printing and roll printing by gravure and offset methods are potential options for soluble solutions.

Flexible OLED Lighting Tiles

http://www.osa-direct.com/osad-news/solvay-holst-centre-and-several-other-partners-demonstrate-flexible-69cm2-30lmwatt-oled-lighting-tiles.html

Solvay, Holst Centre and several other partners demonstrate flexible 69cm2 30lm/Watt OLED lighting tiles

Printed OLED Process Improves

http://www.printedelectronicsworld.com/articles/flexible-oled-lighting-developments-in-east-asia-00005347.asp?sessionid=1

Comparison of external quantum efficiency and lifetime of evaporated and solution processed OLEDs at Konica Minolta.

Haitz’s Law Drives LED Cost Reduction

But will it be valid for OLED technology?

Assembly Structure for OLED-based Device

Layer Function Metal Cathode

Low work function material

Electron Transport Layer

Transport electrons to Organic Emitters; block hole transport

Organic Emitters

Electron/hole recombination and light emission

Hole Injection Layer

Transport holes to Organic Emitters; block electron transport

Anode Transparent conductor Glass Substrate

OLED Assembly Hierarchy Level Assembly Step Comments

3 System level assembly Assembly of luminaire. Product is sold to end customer

2 Package on

Board

Interconnects, leads & packaging

1 LED in

Package OLED Device Integration with R2R processes

0 LED Device

Focuses on printing/vapor deposition of OLED

New assembly processes with new entrants

Competing OLED Architectures

Source: Eastman Kodak SID Tech Symp 54-2 (2008)

Structure of Hybrid Tandem OLED

Source: Anil Duggal (GE Global Research) FlexTech Alliance Conference 2009

Series Connection of Panel Segments

Eased deposition requirements

Multiple OLED Deposition Options

Vacuum Deposition Solution Processing

Rigid vs. Flexible substrate? Sheet vs. Roll-to-Roll processing?

USDOE OLED Deposition Development

Roadmaps to Reduce Costs

Opportunity for GAA-related Technologies

Solution-Processed, Small-Molecule OLED Luminaire for Interior Illumination

2012 USDOE R&D Workshop

2013, 2011 & 2009 iNEMI Solid State Illumination Roadmaps

Numerous Industry Organizations

IPC rolls out new Printed Electronics Management Council Committee 12 December 2011 A new IPC Printed Electronics Management Council Steering Committee has been created that will oversee the development of educational programmes to support the printed electronics industry.

R&D, Mfg, Marketing Workshops Multi-Year Program Plan

EU Project - IMOLA IMOLA- Intelligent light Management for organic light-emitting diode on foil Applications

•Tasked with making large-area OLED-based lighting modules with built-in intelligent light management.

Participants: • Imec, the project coordinator, • TNO/Holst Centre

(Netherlands), • Philips Technologie (Germany), • NXP Semiconductors

(Netherlands, Belgium), • Hanita Coatings RCA (Israel), • Henkel Electronic Materials

(Belgium), • Centro Ricerche Plast-optica

(Italy), • FER department of the

University of Zagreb (Croatia).

New Supply Chain Opportunities

CFL

Incandescent

LED

OLED

Luminaire Installation Recycle

Electronics industry practices

Traditional lamp manufacturers

Semiconductor electronics

Conventional practices

Conventional practices &

new opportunities

Conventional practices

Conventional practices &

new opportunities

Conventional practices

BASF & Philips 1st to develop OLED for use as transparent car roof

“The OLEDs are transparent when switched off, allowing for a clear view outside the vehicle, yet providing light only within the vehicle when switched on… In addition to offering completely new design possibilities, the transparent OLED lighting concept also allows new approaches to automotive engineering. The transparent OLED sandwich structure can be combined with equally transparent solar cells. "This combination allows the driver to enjoy a unique open-space feeling while it generates electricity during the day and pleasantly suffuses the interior with the warm light of the transparent, highly efficient OLEDs at night," said Dr. Felix Görth, head of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Organic Photovoltaics at BASF Future Business GmbH.”

http://www.printedelectronicsworld.com/articles/basf-and-philips-1st-to-develop-oled-for-use-as-transparent-car-roof-00004230.asp

Audi to introduce OLED lights to future vehicles

“The company expects to be using OLED rear lights relatively soon whilst they see brake lights a few more years away. But Berlitz visualizes white OLEDs being used for daytime running lights and side lights. The biggest target of all - especially for Audi's designers - are three-dimensional OLEDs. The first prototypes are now appearing as part of a project with public support, installed on various levels in the rear light units of an Audi TT.”

http://www.printedelectronicsworld.com/articles/audi-to-introduce-oled-lights-to-future-vehicles-00004327.asp

Stable and efficient white devices: An overview

2012 USDOE R&D Workshop

Summary for New Opportunities

SSL Market is growing •LED products available today •Commercial OLED products about 2-3 years away

Printed OLED is gaining traction through niche markets

•Significant R&D underway •IP activity accelerating

Opportunity for Printed Electronics -related businesses to grow in the lighting space

•New supply chains forming •New value chains being established