Printing and Writing Inks with Formulae and Processes

7/24/2019 Printing and Writing Inks with Formulae and Processes

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In ormation aboutthe Book

Title: ModernTechnologyofPrinting&WritingInks(withFormulae&Processes)2ndRevisedEdition

Author: NIIRBoardofConsultants&Engineers

ISBN: 9788178330822Code: ENIPages: 480

Published:

2015u s er : AsiaPacificBusinessPressInc.



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Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or

image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or, , . ,paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and

.medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes,, , , ,

particulate matter, fluorescents, and other.



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The components of inks serve many purposes;the inks carrier, colorants, and other additives

affect the flow and thickness of the ink and itsappearance when dry.

writing ink markets globally spurred by therap expans on o e omes c pr n

markets.

. .


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Backed by a strong demand from key end,

newsprint, publishing and othercommerc a pr nt ng, t e pr nt ng nmarket in India has registered strong

growth over the years. The printing inkindustr is fra mented with hundreds ofmanufacturers and a large number of

.

. .


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Printing ink sector in India witnessed agrowt o aroun 7.5 per annum ur ng

the Past years. Printed packaging accountsfor around 27% of the demand for printing

Commercial printing/promotional and

for around 19% of the demand.

. .


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include books and stationery. With the printsec or orecas o grow a aroun per

annum, in coming years, printing ink segmentis expected to grow strongly. This handbook isdesi ned for use b ever one en a ed in the

printing & writing ink industry and the.

information required by the ink technical fore ay o ay ormu a on o n s.



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It supplies the details of the,

scale production, and gives guidance onac ev ng qua ty assessment an totaquality management specifications. The

book also describes properties and uses ofthe raw materials used in the formulationof printing & writing inks.

. .


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The major content of the book are the colour and

co our matc ing, raw materia s, printing in s,ink formulations, applications problems, writininks, project profile, how to estimate, order &

inks, testing of printing inks, rollers, waterborne

.material suppliers, plant & machinery suppliersw t t e r otograp s. s oo w e a m e

stone for the entrepreneurs, existing units,libraries etc.



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Table o Contents1.INTRODUCTION

ThecolourofInks

Theglossofprintinginks

TheprintingProcess

Lithographicandletterpressinks



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Thedryingcharacteristics

A sorption

ryingOxidationdrying

Chemicaldrying

Radiationinduced

dr in

TheAdhesiveNatureofPrintingInksTheResistancepropertiesofPrintingInks

g t actness

Heatresistance

Productresistance

Weatherin



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2.THEPRINTINGPROCESSES

TheLetterpress

Process

PressConfigurationsThePlatenpress

Flat

bed

cylinder

press

Letterpressforme productionOri inal lates

LinePlates

HalftoneplatesDup icatep atesMakeready:

Applications



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RotaryInk

QuicksetInk

HighglossInko s urese n

WaterWashableInk

MiscellaneousJobInkTheOffsetLithographicProcess

ThePrinting

unit

Thedampingsystem,eo se an e

PressConfigurations

Largersheetfedpresses



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Weboffset resses

Blanketto

blanket

press

CommonImpressiondrumpressesThreecylinderpresses

Oithographic platemaking

WipeonPlatesDee etch lates

Multimetal

plates

ElectrostaticimagedplatesChemicaldiffusiontransferplatesPhotodirect plates

Directimageplates



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Thedriographic plate

Platemaking controlControlincolour rintinInkduct presettingandcontrol

Substratesand

inks

trav o et eur ng n s 25Infraredradiation25

Dryoffset

of

Letterst

FundamentalsofLithographyLithographicProblems

The

Gravure

processepr n ngun

Theinkingsystem



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Doctorblades

Theimpression

roll

Dryingsystem

Gravurecylinderpreparation

Conventionaletchin

SinglebathetchingHalftoneProcess

Dou e

positive

system

a tone

gravureHalftonegravure

Lasergravure

Presscontrol

s stems

SubstratesandinksApplications



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ravureInks

TheFlexographic

Process

TheprintingunitPressconfigurations

Flexographic

platemaking

PhotopolymerplatesPlatemountin

ApplicationsFlexographicInksFlexographicProblems,Thescreenprintingprocess

ScreenStencilManufacture



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Mountin theScreen

Applicationof

the

stencil

AftertreatmentSubstratesandinks

Application

CopperPlateandDieStampingNonIm actPrintin rocesses

Inkjet

Printing

ContinuousjetImpulseordropondemandElectrophotography

Letterpress



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FlexographyLithography

set etterpressGravure

Non_Impact printingSubstrateSelection

GeneralPaper

properties

Runnabilityr n a y



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2.COLOURANDCOLOURMATCHING

ThePhysical

nature

of

Colour

LightSources

Theeye

Defectivecolour

vision

ChromaticadaptationandcolourconstancyMetamerism

Dic rosimIlluminationqualityandlevels

Theadditiveprimaries

Thesubtractive

rimaries

TheCIESystemOriginsofcolourinPrintedMaterial



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Pigments

DyesOriginsofcolour

ColourStrenghtss

Substrateeffects

ColourIndexClassificatonGraphicReproduction

T ree

co our

printingFourColourprinting

Masking

Halftone

dots

DotgainDotGeneration



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TheMeasurementofColour

o or me ersDensitometer

Opticalgeometry

TheRecording

of

Colour

data

And

the

Specification

of

colour

ColourDifferenceColourMatching

wMatching

techniques

ThecolourcircleProcedures

Oil

InksLiquidInksInstrumentalColourmatchPrediction



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.RAWMATERIAL

PigmentsYellowPigmentsDiarylide Yellows

Ironoxide yellows

ChromeyellowsCadmium ellows

Fluorescentyellow

OrangePigmentsDNAOrangePyrazolone orange

FastOrange52G



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Benzimidazolone orangeHL

Ethyllake

red

CRedPigments

Naphthol Red(OrPermanentRedFrre)

Toluidine RedPermanentRed'R'(ChlorinatedParaRed)CarmineF.B.

Nap t o F4RNaphtho RedLF

BordeauxFRR(F4R)

Na hthol RedNaphthol RedLightNaphthol RedDark



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Lithol reds

BonRed

Lack

red

C

BonLakeRedC

BONMaroon

PMTAPink

rhodamine 6

G

Molybdate Orange,ChromeScarlet,OrangeChromeCalmium Red

BONAry ami e Re ,Nap t o Re FGRQuinacridone MagentaY

CopperFerrocyanide Pink

Na hthol RedF RK

Benzimidazolone CarmineHF3CNaphthol Rubine F6B



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Benzimidazolone CarmineHF4C

Rubine Red6BQuinacridone MagentaB

Naphthol RedF6RK

Azo Ma entaG

Anthraquinone ScarletQuinacridone Violet

Benzimi azo one Bor eauxHF3RGreenPigments

VioletPigments

BrownPi ments

BlackPigments



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WhitePigmentsandExtenders

PearlescentMaterialsMetallicPigments

GeneralPropertiesofPigments

AcidD es

BasicDyesSolventDyes

DisperseDyesDryingVegetableOils

Tungoil(Chinawoodoil)

Oiticica oilDehydratedcastoroilOtheroils



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Marineoils

Non

dryign oilsNewsinkd oilsNondryingvegetableoils

Resins

ShellacManilaco al

AsphaltsStarchanddextrinGumarabicSyntheticresins

Rosinmodifiedphenolic resins



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PigmentInteractions

Hardresin

interactions

Filmformingpropertiesy rocar onres ns

Polystyreneresinsandcopolymers

SiliconeresinsAlkylated ureaformaldehyderesins

Alkylated melamine

formaldehyde

resinsPolyamideresinso y am e m e res ns

Chlorinatedrubber

Vinylresins



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Polyvinylalcohol

Ketone resinsAcrylicresins

Polyisocyanates andpolyurethanes

Nitrocellulose

N/C

CellulosenitrateCN

Ethyle celluloseEthylhydroxyethyl cellulose(EHEC)

Ce u oseacetatepropionate CAPCelluloseacetatebutyrate(CAB)

Chemicalconstitution

SectionV:

Solvents

HydrocarbonSolvents



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Lowboilingpetroleumdistillatealipatic

Whitespirt

Paraffinoil(kerosene0g o ngpe ro eum s a esa p a c

Hydrocarbonsolventsnaphthenic

HighboilingaromaticsolventsAlcohols

GlycolsKetoness ers

SectionVI:Plasticisers

SyntheticwaxesPolyethylenewaxes



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Polytetrafluoroethylenea ogena e y rocar onwaxes

Fattyacidamides

Slackwax

Scalewax

FullyrefinedparaffinwaxPettrolatum orpetroleumjelly

y w x

Ceresinwax

Montan waxMontan esters

Natural

waxes

BeeswaxCarnaubawax



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Miscellaneousnaturalwaxes

SectionVIII

:Driers

LiquidDrierso a

PasteDriers

ChelatingAgentsAntioxidants

SurfactantsAnionicSurfactantsa on csur ac an s

NonIonicsurfactants

DeodorantsandReodorants



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PureChemicals

Defoaming AgentsLakin A entsTannicAcid

Tannic

acid

substitutesaw ater a s or a at on ur ng ystems

PigmentSelection

Epoxyacrylates

Polyesteracrylates andunsaturatedpolyestersUrethance acrylatesReactiveDiluents

o o n a orsAdditivesandInhibitors



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4.PRINTINGINKS

Manufacture

of

Inks

and

varnishesGeneralRequirements

Themanufactureofoleoresinoussystems

Deaeration and

ottinThemanufacturefo polyer/solventsystems

VarnishmanufactureCavitation mixerRotor/stator

mixer

Liquidinkmanufacture

Ballmills

BeadMillsChips



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Pi mentchi manufacture

Manufactureof

dye

based

inks

MixingEquipmentButterflymixers(Changepan)Rotorandstatorhighspeedmixers.

' 'ThehighspeeddisperserThefixedoronlinemixer

Highspeed

mixing

MillingEquipmentThreerollmillsFloatingrollingsystem

Beadmills



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Opensievemill

Closed

sieve

millGapseparationmill

Texmill

D no millSTSmillElectronicallycontrolledCopramill

Boa500mi Bu erBrot ersLtCo

ball

mill

Ballmilling

Disavanta es ofball

millsHandling,Storageandmanufactureofuv Inks



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Manufacture

of

newspaper

InksModernproductiontrends

Costsofproductionandrelatedsubjects

Maintenancestrate

in

the

rintin

ink

industr

Onfailuremaintenance'Fixedtime'maintenance'ConditionbasedmaintenanceComputers

and

maintenance

Plantcontrolsystem

Further

lantfeatures

Manufacturingplant



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5.INKFORMULATIONS

LetterpressInk

Plateninkforabsorbentpapersy n erpress n o uncoa e papers

Quicksetinksofcated paper

WaterreducibleinksProcessinks

Newspaper

Coloured

InksRotaryblackinksfornewspapersormu a : enera urpose owm s ac

FormulaB:Inkrail

FormulaD:KeylessInking(Indirectflexo)



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Lithoraphic Inks

Typicalinks

and

Varnishers

Inksandvarnishesforsheetfedpaperprintingee ee a e n s

Smalloffset

InkforsheetfedimpervioussubstrateprintingInksforweboffsetpaperprinting

ColdsetHeatsetravure n s

PublicationInks

Packaginginksforpaperandboardlables



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Metalliclable inks

Paperwrapper

inks

CartonInkso n s

Foilboardlaminates

InksfortreatedpolypropylenefilmsCoatedpolypropylenefilms

Cellulose

filmsPolyesterfimsa cover ngs

Inksforpaper

Specialitysystems



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Metallicinks

Aluminium

based

inksPearlescentinks

Syebasedinks

Pi mentedinks

for

s ecific

substrates

PaperandboardNitrocellulosecoatedfilms

PV C Copo ymercoate i mPolyolefin

films

Metallicinks

ScreenInksInksforpaperandboard

Thinfilmscreeninks



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Ultrathinfilmscreeninks

Oxidationdrying

gloss

inks

InksforImpervioussurfacese a s gns

Metalcontainers

inksforglassInksforPlasticcontainers

Polythene

containersPVCcontainersex e n s

DaylightfluorescentInks

Uv andElectronBeamcuringInksInksfordayoffsetapplicationonplasticsandmetal



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Ultravioletcurablesilkscreen

Ultraviolet

curable

varnish

and

coatingsNonMipact Printing

Inksforjetprinting

T icalink

formulations

InksfortheElectronicsIndustryPrintedcircuitproducts

In s orWa coveringsTextile

Transfer

Inks

MetalDecoratingInks.

Decorationof sheetsPrintingapreformedcontainerlettersetPrinting


6 APPLICATION PROBLEMS


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6.APPLICATIONPROBLEMSoc ng n e eor ew n

picking

PoorBindingandRub

SetoffPilingandCakingTrapping

w

InkNot

Following

the

Fountain

Inkfl in andMistinGhosting,Shadow,Streaks,andSlursInkDryingonrollersPlateWearCrystallization



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7.WRITINGINKS

Manufactureof

Writing

Inks

Packingn s orwr ngan oun a n ens

Ferrogalotannate inks

StandardWritinginkIrongallate Inks:(InkPowdersandTablets)

Manufacture

of

Inks

TabletsActionofHydrochloricAcidandSulphuricAcidinInksormu ae or ar ous ue ac n s

Manufacturefo irongallotannate inks

Agingofwriting



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Datin adocument

Dyebased

Fountain

Pen

Inks

WashableInksQuickdryingInks

AlkalineWritingInks

PrussianBlueInksBallPointPenInks

StampPad

InksBasicdyes

AciddyesMethodofManufacture

DrawingInksBlackandColoured



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BlackDrawin Inks

ColouredDrawing

Inks

MarkingInksPreparationofsilverInks

AnilineblackInks

ColouredmarkingInks;InkforMulti leCo ies ur oses

Hectograph

Inks;MethodofPreparationStencilDuplicatingInksInksofHectographCarbonPapers,CarbonPapersand

InksorCarbonPapers



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Hecto ra h arbonPa ers

StencilSheets

Felt,Pen,SignPen,FibreTipInksMothod ofManufacture

Al;cohol BasedInks

InvisibleorSympatheticInksInksforS ecialMaterials

Inks

for

PlasticsInkforMarkingPhotographsInkforstampingoiledstencilsInksforGlassandPorcelain



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Inkfor

Metals

MeatStampingInk

EmbossingInks

ArtistColours

a)WaterPints


8 PROJECT PROFILE


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8.PROJECTPROFILE

9.

HOW

TO

ESTIMATE,

ORDER

&

HANDLE

INK

OrderingInk

Handlin

Inks

10.TESTINGOFWRITING&MISCELLANEOUSINKSWritingIn s

SedimentationTest

CloggingTest



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Stabilit Test

TotalSolids

IronContentGravimetricMethodDeterminationofCorrosion

StampspadInksDeterminationofGl cerolContent

Assessing

the

performance

of

stamp

pad

inkDrawingInksOpacityorTransparencyMold Growth



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MarkingInksStencilInks

scos tyDryingtime

CautionPresenceofAnilineOilMiscibilitywiththinnerStability

nn ngproper yDuplicatingInks



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11.

TESTING

OF

PRINTING

INKSSpecificGravity

Penetration

MolecularRefraction

RefractiveIndexCoveringPowerandGlossEvaporationRate

AcidNumber

IodineNumber



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Detectionof

Chinawood Oil

DetectionofRosinsandResinsTestingofPigments

Light

ResistanceT eResistanceo Pigmentso B ee ingResistancetoAcidsandAlkalies

Wettability andAbsorption

TheTestin ofFinishedInks



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12.

ROLLERSInksandRollersUsed

13.DIRECTORY

ListofSuppliersfo Printing&WritingInkMachinery

List

of

Major

Manuracturers fo Printing

Inks

In

IndiaDirectoryofInk%AlliedProductsManufacturer'sInIndia



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Visit us at



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One of the leading reliable names in industrial

world for providin the most comprehensivetechnical consulting services

We adopt a systematic approach to provide thestron fundamental su ort needed for theeffective delivery of services to our Clients in India& abroad



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What we ffer?

ProjectIdentification

eta e

ro ect

eports re

eas ty

eports

MarketResearchReports

TechnologyBooksandDirectory

DatabasesonCDROM

LaboratoryTestingServices

Turnke

Pro ect

Consultanc Solutions

EntrepreneurIndia(AnIndustrialMonthlyJournal)



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Our

ApproachRequirement

collection

Thorough

analysis

of

the

project

Economic

feasibility

study

of

the

Project

Market

potential

survey/research

ReportCompilation



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Whodoweserve?

Corporates

GovernmentUndertakin s

IndividualEntrepreneurs NRIs

ore gn nvestors Non

profit

Organizations,

NBFCs

Embassies&Consulates Consultancies Industry/tradeassociations



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SectorsWeCover

y v ,

AlcoholicAndNonAlcoholicBeverages,Drinks

es ves,

n us r a

es ve,

ea an s,

ues,

um

Resin

AluminiumAnd

Aluminium

Extrusion

Profiles

&

Sections,

BreakfastSnacksAndCerealFood

cyc e

yres

u es,

cyc e

ar s,

cyc e

ssem ng


S W C


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SectorsWeCover

am oo n ane ase ro ec s

BuildingMaterialsAndConstructionProjects

Biodegradable&Bioplastic BasedProjects

Chemicals(OrganicAndInorganic)

Confectionery,

Bakery/Baking

And

Other

FoodCerealProcessin

CoconutAndCoconutBasedProducts

Coal&CoalByproduct


ec ors e over


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ec ors

e

over

Dairy/MilkProcessing

,

,

,Repellents,

Electrical ElectronicAndCom uterbasedPro ects

EssentialOils,

Oils

&

Fats

And

Allied

En in rin

Fibre Glass&FloatGlass

Food,Bakery,AgroProcessing



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Sectors

We

Cover

Fruits&VegetablesProcessing

FerroAlloysBasedProjects

Fertilizers&Biofertilizers

Ginger&GingerBasedProjects

HerbsAndMedicinalCultivationAndJatropha(Biofuel)

Hote &Hospita i ityProjects

HospitalBasedProjects

HerbalBased

Projects

Inks,StationeryAndExportIndustries



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Sectors

We

Cover

InfrastructureProjects

LeatherAndLeatherBasedProjects

e sure n er a nmen ase ro ec s

LivestockFarming

Of

Birds

&

Animals

nera s n nera s

MaizeProcessing(WetMilling)&MaizeBasedProjects

e ca

ast cs,

sposa es

ast c

yr nge,

oo

ags OrganicFarming,Neem ProductsEtc.


ec ors e over


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ec ors

e

over

Paints,Pi ments,Varnish&Lac uer

PaperAndPaperBoard,PaperRecyclingProjects

Printing

Inks PackagingBasedProjects

Perfumes,CosmeticsAndFlavours

PowerGenerationBasedProjects&RenewableEnergy

BasedProjects

Plantations,FarmingAndCultivations

,

Plastic,PVC,PET,HDPE,LDPEEtc.



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Sectors

We

Cover

PotatoAndPotatoBasedProjects

Printin

And

Packa inRealEstate,LeisureAndHospitality

SoapsAnd

Detergents

SpicesAndSnacksFood

tee

tee

ro uctsTextileAuxiliaryAndChemicals



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Se t rs We C ver

Township&ResidentialComplex

ext es

n

ea yma e

arments

WasteManagement&Recycling

Wood&WoodProducts

WaterIndustry(PackagedDrinkingWater&MineralWater)

Wire&Cable



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Documents

Printing and Writing Inks with Formulae and Processes