Priority Programs Priority Programs of the Nuclear Power of the Nuclear Power

Industry Branch Industry Branch of Russiaof Russia

Vladimir Asmolov1717thth Symposium of AER Symposium of AER

on VVER Reactor Physics and Reactor Safetyon VVER Reactor Physics and Reactor Safety

24-28 September, 2007, Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine24-28 September, 2007, Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine

Beloyarsk NPP

Balakovo NPP

Novovoronezh NPP

Kursk NPP

Kalinin NPP

Kola NPPLeningrad NPP

Smolensk NPP

Bilibino NPP

VVER -1000

VVER-440

BN-600

EGL-6

RBMK-1000

Volgodonsk NPP

Nuclear power of RussiaNuclear power of Russiaat the beginning of XXI centuryat the beginning of XXI century

2006 – 1542006 – 154..7 7 Bln kWhBln kWh

1010 NPPs, 3131 units, Ncapacity=2324223242 MW

Government and public request forthe accelerated development of nuclear power

External boundary conditions:● Irregularity in the distribution of global organic fuel

resources● Growth of consumption in the world energy market

Design requirements:● guaranteed guaranteed safetysafety● cost-effectivenesscost-effectiveness● completeness of nuclear fuel cyclecompleteness of nuclear fuel cycle::

management of spent fuel and management of spent fuel and radioactive wastesradioactive wastes

fuel breedingfuel breeding

The second birth of nuclear power -The second birth of nuclear power -implementation of objectiveimplementation of objective capabilities of capabilities of

nuclear powernuclear power

Near-term strategy for development Near-term strategy for development of nuclear power industry in Russia of nuclear power industry in Russia

(till (till 2020)2020)• Implementation of the energy strategy of Russia based on

proved thermal neutron reactor technologies:– Growth of efficiency of existing NPPs (renovation and

plant life extension);– construction of NPPs with the VVER-type reactors of

high, average and low capacity: NPP-2006 (1200, 1500) Super VVER NPPs for the regional nuclear power supply

• Start up of the program on closing of a nuclear fuel cycle in uranium and plutonium

• The employment of nuclear power sources to expand sales markets (district heating, production of new energy carriers, water desalination)

Nuclear technologies forNuclear technologies for different purposesdifferent purposes

Technology Purpose

Water cooled thermalreactors

1. Electricity generation and expansion of installed capacities

2. Combined generation of electricity and heat

3. Regional nuclear power supply

High temperature reactors

1. High-grade heat2. New energy carriers

Fast reactors

Transition to the qualitatively new level:

– in fuel employment– in radioactive waste and spent fuel management

PRIORITY TASKSPRIORITY TASKSThermThermal reactorsal reactors

Objectives Contents of works

1. Efficiency improvement for operational NPPs with VVER and RBMK reactorsProgram of operational NPPs upgrading for 2007 – 2012

● Activities aimed at the increase of power, capacity factor, fuel burnup, manoeuvring capabilities;

● Justification of the life-time extension based on the in-depth safety analysis

The program implementation is equivalent to the commissioning of 4

power units of NPP-2006 by 2012

The program implementation is equivalent to the commissioning of 4

power units of NPP-2006 by 2012

Actions to improve efficiency of Actions to improve efficiency of existing NPPsexisting NPPs

ActionsNumber of

power unitsPower gain,

MW (e)

Efficiency increase in turbines of NPPs with RBMK reactors due to the replacement of the turbine CLP blades and bafflers (4th and 5th stages) 11 332

Efficiency increase in turbines of VVER and RBMK power units due to the renovation of separators-superheaters 19 142

Introduction of systems for ball cleaning of condensers 4 42

Increase of thermal power of RBMK power units by 5% 10 500

Increase of thermal power of VVER-1000 power units by 4% 8 320

Increase of thermal power of VVER-440/B-213 power units by 7% 2 61

Transfer to the 18-month fuel cycle at NPPs with VVER-1000 8 244

RBMK renovation with TC replacement and transfer to 2-year overhaul 11 904

By 2012, the equivalent installed power gain will be By 2012, the equivalent installed power gain will be ~ ~ 40400000 MWMW

CAPACITY FACTOR OF NPPs CAPACITY FACTOR OF NPPs IN RUSSIAIN RUSSIA

CAPACITY FACTOR OF NPPs CAPACITY FACTOR OF NPPs IN RUSSIAIN RUSSIA

67.364.9

52.6 53.4

58.3 58.2

55.6

64.5

69.170.3

71.7

76.3

73.2 73.4

76.0

50

60

70

80

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

%

Objectives Contents of worksFederal program

2. Increase of investment effectiveness on developing NPP new projects due to:

Efficiency increase; Improvement of fuel

cycles; Increase of unit power; Reduction of

construction terms; Reduction of material

consumption

● Development and implementation of the NPP-2006 /1200 design;

● Development of the NPP- 2006 /1500 design as the variant;

● Development of NPP designs with reactors of low and average power

PRIORITY TASKSPRIORITY TASKSThermal reactorsThermal reactors

The Federal program The Federal program objective characteristicsobjective characteristics

Characteristic 2006 2010 2015 2020

NPP installed capacity, GW 23.2 24.2 33.0 41.0

Electricity generation, TW•hour/year 154.7 170.3 224.0 300.0

Nuclear electricity fraction in the total scope of electricity generation in Russia, %

16.0 16.0 18.6 20-23

Reduction of operating costs (by the level of 2006), % 100 90 80 70

Reduction of per unit investments, % 100 90 85 70

NPPNPP20062006

Guaranteed safetyGuaranteed safety

Economic advisabilityEconomic advisability

• The thermal power increase up to 3200 МW(t) and improvement of a power unit efficiency up to 36.2%: - elimination of excessive conservatism; - improvement of a steam-turbine unit efficiency; - pressure increase in the secondary circuit; - reduction of pressure losses in steam lines.

• Improvement of economic efficiency: - diminishing of material consumption; - shortening of the construction period; - optimization of passive and active safety systems; - unification of equipment.

Ways for implementationWays for implementationof the NPP-2006 design goalsof the NPP-2006 design goals

Comparative characteristicsComparative characteristicsof NPPs with VVERof NPPs with VVER-1000 -1000 andand

NPPNPP-2006-2006

CharacteristicNPPs with VVER-1000 NPP-2006

Alteration,%

Electric power, MW 1000 1150 + 15.0Yearly output,bln. kWh 7.5 9.0 + 20.0

NPP life time (designed), year 30 50 + 67.0Specific materials consumption,relative units

1.00 0.85 - 15.0

Investments per unit, relative units 1.00 0.80 - 20.0

Spent fuel volume (in the form of fuel assemblies), t/bln. kWh 5.5 3.5 - 35.0

««The road mapThe road map» » up to 2020up to 2020

Objectives Contents of works

3. Further development of the VVER technology

Development and implementation of technical requirements on the VVER innovation project (super VVER) with fundamentally new characteristics in:

- economics, - operational characteristics, - safety ensuring, - fuel breeding.

PRIORITY TASKSPRIORITY TASKSThermal reactorsThermal reactors

Evolutionary approach – Evolutionary approach –

NPPNPP-2006-2006● Elimination of conservatism● Efficiency improvement● Burn-up increase● Quality provision program

Revolutionary – Evolutionary approach SUPER VVER

Maximum possible simplification with implementation of passive systems based on the considerable reassessment of existing engineering solutions

▬ Efficiency improvement up to 40 % and higher;▬ A gain factor increase; ▬ Material consumption drastic reduction;▬ Prefabrication of large modules;▬ Drastic reduction of the construction schedule time.

Super VVERSuper VVERАР-1000АР-1000

NPPNPP-2006-2006EPREPR-1600-1600

Super VVERSuper VVER

Objectives Contents of works

New technological platform

Preparation for the implementation of the concept of closing the fuel cycle in uranium and plutonium

● Development of requirements on fast reactors (fuel breeding, time for the outer fuel cycle in plutonium, safety, economics, staging, implementation terms);

● Development of the commercial fast reactor design with sodium coolant;

● Development of technical proposals On nuclear fuel cycle pressing

problems and technologies; On spent fuel management; On fast gas-cooled reactors; On fast reactors with heavy metal

coolant

PRIORITY TASKSPRIORITY TASKSFast reactorsFast reactors

Analysis of the current status of Analysis of the current status of fast reactor different technologiesfast reactor different technologies

1. Fast reactors with sodium coolant

Operability and safety were demonstrated

2. Fast reactors with heavy metal coolants

There is a basis for the continuation of development to obtain a practical evidence of efficiency in the head-end (lead – bismuth) and test (lead) facilities

3. Fast gas- and steam-cooled reactors

At the level of concept studies

Development of a closed nuclear fuel cycle technology for the near-term prospect up to

2020

Development of a closed nuclear fuel cycle technology for the near-term prospect up to

2020

2005 2010 2015 2020

Establishing of a pilot production - pellet fuel,of mixed fuel and fabrication of - vibration compacted fuel ?the first loading for BN-800

Construction and start-up of the pilot BN-800 reactor with mixed U-Pu fuel

Commercial NPP with sodium breeder - pattern, characteristics, development of a detailed design construction - power rank ?

Construction of industrial mixed fuel of which fuel ? production and a fuel regenerating plant method of fuel regeneration? R&D work, detailed design construction

Reactors with heavy metal, gas coolant(SVBR, BREST) or others to prove the theoremR&D work, decision on implementation of existence ?

New technology platformNew technology platformNew technology platformNew technology platform

PRIORITY TASKSPRIORITY TASKS

Objectives Contents of works

Development of the long-term development strategy

● Modeling of nuclear power development based on the assessment of innovation priority directions (time limits, scales, technical requirements);

● Assessment and prediction of neutron effectiveness of fuel available in sight;

● Preparation of proposals on the optimum transfer to the uranium-thorium fuel cycle

Strategic studies of nuclear power Strategic studies of nuclear power developmentdevelopment

Strategic studies of nuclear power Strategic studies of nuclear power developmentdevelopment

PRIORITY TASKSPRIORITY TASKS

ObjectivesObjectives Contents of worksContents of works

Resolution of backlog and expected problems in radioactive wastes and spent fuel management and in decommissioning of nuclear fuel cycle facilities

● Infrastructure establishment;

● Development of technologies and basic establishments for RAW and WNF management;

● Remediation of contaminated territories, buildings, constructions;

● Development of control systems;

● Development of equipment and devices to ensure radiation safety for the personnel and population

According to Federal program According to Federal program ““Nuclear and radiation safety”Nuclear and radiation safety”According to Federal program According to Federal program ““Nuclear and radiation safety”Nuclear and radiation safety”

Matrix of key programs and theirMatrix of key programs and theirresource provisionresource provision

Matrix of key programs and theirMatrix of key programs and theirresource provisionresource provision

Knowledge(science intensive R&D work)

Engineering solutions (applied R&D work, equipment, diagnostics, devices, control systems)

Technologies

Infrastructure

Personnel

Nuclear power

programs

NPP-2006, efficiency

improvement at existing NPPs

Regional nuclear power

Super VVERNuclear and

radiation safety program

Newtechnological

platform

Resources: