Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The effects of irrigation water heavy metals on quantitative and qualitative traits of rice
Mahmoud Ali Rokni [email protected]
Mohammad Shokrzadeh, Seyyed Reza Mousavi { mslamuk }{ mousavi_sr }@yahoo.com
Abstract Heavy metal contamination of soils and aquatic environments is a serious problem and is expanding. Entry of toxic metals from human activities are causing pollution of soils. In order to study the effects of heavy metals in irrigation water on rice qualitative and quantitative traits a study carried out in 2010-11 in three cities of Sari, Ghaemshahr and Jouybar on central region of Mazandaran Province. Sampling includes samples of irrigation water resources, soil and rice plants and rice qualitative and quantitative traits were studied. The metal concentrations in the samples was measured by atomic absorption.The Prism software is used for statistical computing and statistical methods used are the analysis of variance and . T.Test. P <0/05, is regarded as significant.
The results of this study showed that the cadmium in water samples of areas under study including Sari region is higher than standard. Also among the heavy metals chromium, cadmium and lead in samples of rice areas, cadmium in Juybar is higher than standard. Lead in the rice sample in Juybar was beyond the standard and the other regions surveyed, has been less than the standard rate. The chromium metal in all areas under study was less than the standard. Moreover, the adverse impact of heavy metals cadmium, lead and chromium on the qualitative and quantitative traits of rice, especially yield per hectare, showes the necessity of comprehensive and smart environmental management.
Keywords: Rice, Heavy metals, Qualitative traits, Quantitative traits, Pollution
.
.
-
FAO
Random Sampling
SES (Standard Evaluation System for Rice)
(IRRI)
PrismT.Test
P<0/05
SEM
mg/lmg/l
mg/l
SEM
Cr0.257 0.0521 0.1 0.05
Cd0.363 0.0550.05 0.005 0.005
Pb0.463 0.161 5 0.05
SEM
Cr0.315 0.0981 0.1 0.05
Cd0.342 0.0660.05 0.005 0.005
Pb0.497 0.1911 5 0.05
SEMCr0.384 0.2131 0.1 0.05
Cd0.401 0.0310.05 0.005 0.005
Pb0.606 0.1261 5 0.05
ppm0.463 0.16
0.606 0.126
PPm
P<0.0001P<0.001
400PPb20
ppm031.0401.0
P<0.0001
ppm213.0384.0
ppm083.0432.0
ppm 042.0098.0
SEMSEMSEM
,EU,WHO
Cr 0.231 0.0360.252 0.0480.432 0.0831 0.2-1 Pb0.098 0.0420.115 0.0320.221 0.0410.2 0.2-0.8 Cd0.192 0.045 0.233 0.0550.288 0.0640.1-0.2 0.1-10
ppm 041.0221.0Codex
P>0.05
P<0.05
ppm 064.0288.0Codex
ppm 055.0232.0
P>0.05P>0.05
ppm
083.0432.0
Codex
P>0.05
P>0.05
SEMSEM
SEM
24.5 0.12524.2 0.11424.1 0.106
4024.8 21.6253987.7 23.7483826.6 19.633
23 5.62920 3.94216 2.324
25 6.73619 5.63614 2.691
1 0.8062 0.7543 0.625
109 9.72586 16.36579 16.546
12 7.38113 9.24614 6.926
24.5 0.125
P<0.05
P<0.05
4024.8 21.625
P<0.05
P<0.05
23 5.629
P<0.05P<0.05
736.625
P<0.05
P<0.05
625.03
P<0.05
P<0.05
72.9109
P<0.05
P>0.05
926.614
P>0.05
SEMSEMSEM
65.43 1.24165.723 1.32767.34 1.131
12.21 0.46212.64 0.74313.26 0.654
78.95 1.16877.44 1.45677.12 0.95
39.2 0.45539.8 1.36840.42 1.95
4.34 0.4154.22 0.4084.12 0.381
131.134.67
P>0.05
P>0.05
654.026.13
P>0.05
P>0.05
168.195.78
P<0.05
P>0.01
95.142.40
GCP<0.05
415.034.4
P>0.05
P>0.05
Accumulative
Le Huy Ba
Ho chi minh
0.5 ppm
0.25 ppm60%
Zhou Qixing
[1] American Public Health Association (APHA). 1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19 th ed.Washington, DC.pp.3-115.
[2] Anderson, a. and G .Siman.1991.Levels of cd and some other trace elements in soils and crops as influenced by lime and fertilizer level.Acta.Agric.Scand.41:3-11.
[3] Batvari.,K.j.l,Kannan,N,Krishnam,R,Shanthi,K,Jayaprakash,M,.2008.Assessment of heavy metals (cd,cr and pb)in water ,sediment and seaweed(ulva lactuca)in the pulicat lake, south east India. Chemosphere, vol.71, 7:1233-1240.
[4] Chen,F.m,Zho,Ning.C,Xu.H,Liyi,Zhang,W.f,Zhu.Z.w,Chen,M,.2006.Cadmium and lead contamination in Japonica rice grains and its variation among the different location south east China. Science of the total environ, vol.359, .pp.156-166.
[5] Chino,m.1981.The assessment of various countermeasures against cd pollution in soils of Japan ,Yamane,I.and Kitagishi,K.(eds) Japan Scientific soc. Press,Tokyo,pp.281-286.
[6] FAO. FAO statistical databases. Food andAgriculture Organization; 2004 [cited 2002 Jul 9].Available from: http://apps.fao.org/.
[7] Ghacempour alamdari, M., Khodabandeh, N, .2006. Rice cultivation, Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr branch, .p.42.
[8] Gilian University, Rice Research institute, Industrial research and Standard, .2008.Acquaintance with standard and Evaluation of its quality, .pp.107.
[9] Hassan.M.j, Zhu, Z, Ahmad, B, and Mahmood, Q.2006.Influence of cadmium (cd) toxicity on rice genotype as affected by zinc, sulfur and nitrogen fertilizer. Caspian Journal of environmental science.Sci. Vol 4, No.pp.1-8.
[10] International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES).PP.77. [11] kabata-pendia A., and H.pendia.2001.Trace elements in soils and plants.CRC press ,Boca
Raton London ,Newyork,Washington D.C., pp.326-332. [12] Lin HT, Wong SS, Li GC. Heavy metal content of rice and shellfish in Taiwan. Food and Drug
Analysis. 2004;12(2):167-74. [13] Saleh IA, Shinwari N. Report on the levels of cadmium, andmercury in importedRice grain
samples. Biological Trace Element Research. 2001;83:91-95. [14] Shimbo S, Zhang ZW, Watanabe T, Nakatsuka H, Mutsuda N, Higashikawa K. Cadmium and
lead contents in rice and other cereal products in Japan in 1998.2000. Science of the Total Environment. 2001;281:165-75.
[15] Torabian A, Mahjoori M. Effect of sewage irrigation on heavy metal uptake by leaf vegetables south of Tehran. Soil and Water Journal 2002;16(2):188-196.[Persian].
[16] Wilson T, Temple N. Nutritional health: strategies for disease prevention. Human Press; 2001.p.16-93.
[17] World Health Organization. reducing risks, promoting health life: The world health report.Geneva: World Health Organization;2003. Translated to Persian by: Ahmadvand A, et al. 2003.p.162- 163.[Persian].
[18] Zhou,Q.,Wang,X,.liang,R.l,Wu,y,.2003.Effect of cadmium and mixed heavy metal on rice growth in lianing,China.,Soil and sediment contamination Chemosphere, vol.12, .pp.1236-1243.
[19] Zazooli MA, Bandpei AM, Ebrahimi M, Izanloo H. Investigation of Cadmium and Lead contents in Iranian rice cultivated in Babol Region.Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2010;22(2):1369-76.
This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.daneprairie.com.The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.