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PROCEEDINGSEditor: Tooru Tsuru
November 18-22,2007
Osaka, Japan
7th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet
GALVATECH'07
TIB/UB Hannover 89
131 472 801
organized by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
co-organized by Osaka University
CONTENTS
Plenary Lecture 1
RECENT PROGRESS AND OUTLOOK FOR ZINC-AND ZINC ALLOY-COATED
STEEL SHEETS IN JAPAN 1
Hiroshi KagechikaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan
Plenary Lecture 2
ANOVERVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN ZINC-BASED SHEET STEEL
COATINGS PRODUCTION: STATUS AND OPPORTUNITIES 6
Frank E. Goodwin1, Eduardo A. Silva2
'international Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., USA, 2United States Steel
Corporation, USA
Plenary Lecture 3
CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING IN EUROPE: YESTERDAY-TODAY -
TOMORROW 14
Josef Faderl
voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Austria
A-1 New Coating Lines and Technologies
A-l-l KeynoteRECENT PROGRESS IN THE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY OF CONTINUOUS
GALVANIZING LINES 23
C. Dulcy'.F. Galdon2'Arcelor Research, France, 2ArcelorMittal Flat Carbon Europe, Downstream Technical
Excellence, France
A-l-2 ENGINEERING FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES OF ARCELORMITTAL
CLEVELAND HOT DIP GALVANIZING LINE (HDGL) 29
Stavros Fountoulakis1, Corbitt Lewis21ArcelorMittal USA R&D Center, USA,2ArcelorMittal USA ClevelandInc., USA
A-l-3 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS SERVING 55% AL-ZN COATING PROCESS
INCORPORATED IN STEIN HEURTEY FURNACE FOR BLUESCOPE STEEL
THAILAND BST NEW MCL2 LINE 35
D. Delaunay1, A. Previtali1, D. Thompson2, W.Gleeson2
'Stein Heurtey, France, 2BlueScope Steel Pty. Ltd., Australia
A-l-4 THE RESEARCH OF HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD LEVITATION
FORCE AND ENCLOSED SLOT CHARACTER OF VERTICAL ZINC POT 41
Hao Xiaodong, Zhang QifuCentral Iron & Steel Research Institute, China
iii
A-2 Technologies to Preserve the Global Environment
A-2-1 INNOVATIVE ENERGY SAVINGS IN CONTINUOUS ANNEALING FURNACE 46
Chris Winger1, Roy Hardy2'GalvTech, The Techs Industries, USA, 2Spinworks LLC, USA
A-2-2 APPLIED WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY: IN-HOUSE RECOVERY OF
METALLIC ZINC FROM CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING DROSSES 52
John Fryatt, Nathan Deem, Mark Bright
Pyrotek Incorporated, USA
A-2-3 CONTROL OF STRIP VIBRATIONS IN GAS JETS COOLING AREAS 57
Michel Renard1, Jerome Muller2, Dirk Van de Vyver3, Francois Gurniki3, Karen Beaujard4'Drever International S.A., Belgium, 2Arcelor Mittal Dudelange S.A., Luxembourg,3Arcelor Steel Belgium NV, Belgium, 4Arcelor Research SA, France
A-3 Process Technologies I - Improving Galvanizing Annealing Furnace -
A-3-1 HIGH EMISSIVITY COATING TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES ANNEALING
FURNACE EFFICIENCY 69
Robert Scott1, Stephen D. Cherico2'AK Steel, USA, 2Cetek, Ltd., USA
A-3-2 INDUCTION HEATER IN CONTINUOUS ANNEALING LINES 76
Jean Lovens, Vincent Lhoist
1NDUCTOTHERMS.A., Belgium, ARCELOR MITTAL, Belgium
A-3-3 GAS FLOWS AND EXCHANGES IN GALVANIZING ANNEALING FURNACE 82
Hubert Saint-Raymond, Bertrand Orsal
Arcelor Research, France
A-4 Process Technologies II - Improving Galvanizing Bath Hardware I -
A-4-1 ON THE REACTION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL WITH GALVANIZING BATHS 88
K. Zhang', N.-Y. Tang', F.E. Goodwin2'Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada, 2International Lead and Zinc Research Organization,Inc., USA
A-4-2 EFFECT OF ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION ON THE DISSOLUTION OF 316L
STAINLESS STEEL IN MOLTEN ZINC 94
Mark A. Bright', Ever Barbero2
'Pyrotek Incorporated, USA,2West Virginia University, USA
A-4-3 DROSS FORMATIONMECHANISMS ON STAINLESS STEEL HARDWARE IN A
ZINC-55%ALUMINUM BATH 100
Ashok Varadarajan', Bruce Kang', Mark Bright2'West Virginia University, USA, 'Pyrotek Incorporated, USA
A-4-4 OPERATING STRESSAND WEAR OF SINK-ROLL BEARINGS 106
N.-Y Tang, K. ZhangTeck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada
iv
A-5 Process Technologies III - Improving Galvanizing Bath Hardware II -
A-5-1 MECHANISMS OF DROSS BUILD-UP ON HOT-DIPPED HARDWARE 111
Y. Hardy1, M. Dubois2, J.-J. Bertrandie3, H. Saint-Raymond3'CRM, Belgique, 2R&D Arcelor - Liege, Belgique, 3Arcelor Research, France
A-5-2 DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW WELD OVERLAY FORPOT HARDWARE IN
CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING LINES 117
Xingbo Liu1, Vinod K. Sikka2, Mark Bright3, Scott Sexton4, Ever Barbero1,James W. Hales5'West Virginia University, USA,
2Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, 3Metanllics
Systems, USA, 4Nacor Steel, USA ,5Specialty Welding & Machining, Inc., USA
A-5-3 REACTIVE WETTING OF AN NEW IRON-BASED SUPERALLOY AND 316L
STAINLESS STEEL BYMOLTEN ZINC ALLOY 123
Jing Xu1, Xingbo Liu1, Mark A Bright2, James G Uemrick3, Ever Barbero1'West Virginia University, USA,2Pyrotek Incorporated, USA, "'Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, USA
A-5-4 TOP DROSS AND BATH BEHAVIOR FROM GALVANNEALING TO
GALVANIZING TRANSITION 129
Xue Bin Yu, Xin Yan Jin, Quan Cheng ZhangBaoshan Iron & Steel Co., LTD., China
A-6 Process Technologies IV - Galvanizing Bath Management I -
A-6-1 THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OFDROSS GENERATION 135
Jinichiro Nakano1, Gary R. Purdy2, Dmitri V. Malakhov2
'Carnegie Mellon University, USA, 2McMaster University, Canada
A-6-2 MINIMIZING DROSS GENERATION IN GALVANIZING 141
N.-Y. Tang, Y.H. Liu
Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada
A-6-3 MODELING AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR OPERATING CONTINUOUS
GALVANIZING BATHS 147
Frank Ajersch1, Florin Ilinca2, Jean-Francois Hetu2, Frank E. Goodwin3
'tcole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada, 2National Research Council, Canada,3International Lead Zinc Research Organization, USA
A-6-4 APPLICATION OF HEAT BALANCE IN CONTINUOUS GALVANISING 153
Monojit Dutta, N. RajeshTata SteelLtd., India
A-7 Process Technologies V - Galvanizing Bath Management II -
A-7-1 CFD ANALYSIS OFVARIOUS BATH DESIGNS FOR THE NEW CORUS HOT-DIP
GALVANISING LINE #3 IN IJMUIDEN 159
Eelco van Vliet1, Roel Mallens1, Peter van Hasselt2
'Corns Research Development & Technology, The Netherlands, 2Corus Strip Products
Ijmuiden, The Netherlands
A-7-2 ENHANCED STRIP SURFACE QUALITYFROM IMPROVED BATH SURFACE
MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE SNOUT 165
Craig H. Phillips, Neil StaplesCorns Research, Development and Technology, UK
v
A-7-3 VISCOSITY OF MOLTEN Zn-Al, Zn-Cu AND Zn-AI-Cu ALLOYS 171
Y.H. Liu
Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada
A-7-4 DEVELOPMENT OF TOTALNUMERICALANALYSIS METHOD CONSISTING OF
GASFLOWAND LIQUID FILM FLOW TO PREDICT THE COATING WEIGHT 177
Katsuya Akiyama, Tsuyoshi Oda
KOBE STEEL.L TD., Japan
A-8 Process Technologies VI
A-8-1 IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF STRIP CLEANING PROCESSES 183
Craig H. Phillips, Iwan Davies
Corns Research, Development and Technology, UK
A-8-2 ONE SOLUTION OF STRIP CLEANING IN HIGH SPEED LINE 189
Akihiko Hotani, Kazuo Onishi
HOTAM Co., Ltd., Japan
A-8-3 CLIENT SPECIFIC, TAILOR MADE DESIGN OF IRIDIUM MIXED METAL
OXIDE ANODE COATINGS FOR USE IN ELECTROGALVANISING LINES 195
Jacko PijperMAGNETO special anodes B. V.. The Netherlands
A-8-4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND
SURFACE REACTIVITY IN ELECTROGALVANIZED STEEL SHEET 201
S. Bruno1, M. Zapponi1, H. A. Lazzarino2, A. Grieco2, R. Dulbecco2, F. Actis2, J. Pedraza"
'Tenaris Siderca, Argentina, 2Ternium Siderar, Argentina
A-9 Electrogalvanized Steels
A-9-1 EFFECTS OF SMALL AMOUNTS OFVARIOUS INORGANIC ADDITIVES ON
THE MORPHOLOGY AND APPEARANCE OF ZINC ELECTRODEPOSITED ON
STEEL SHEETS 207
Hiroaki Nakano1, Satoshi Oue1, Hisaaki Fukushima1, Shigeo Kobayashi2'Kyushu University, Japan,2Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
A-9-2 EFFECT OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ON THE LIGHTNESS OF ZINC
ELECTRODEPOSITS 213
Masanari Kimoto1, Milsuharu Yonemura1, Kazuya Ishii1, Hiroyuki Yasuda2,Yukichi Umakoshi2
'Sumitomo Metal Ind. Ltd., Japan,2Osaka University, Japan
A-9-3 THE EFFECT OF Mg ADDITION TO THE PHOSPHATE FILM ON THE PROPERTIESOF PREPHOSPHATED ELECTROGALVANIZED STEEL SHEETS 219
Kiyokazu Ishizuka, Kimitaka Hayashi, Hidetoshi Shindo, Kazumi Nishimura
Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan
A-9-4 ZINC-CERAMIC COMPOSITE COATINGS BY ELECTRODEPOSITION 224
Xuli Xia, Igor Zhitomirsky, Joseph. R. McDennid
McMaster University, Canada
vi
A-10 Surface and Structural Analysis IX
A-10-1 Keynote
PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF GALVANNEALED
COATING UNDER COMPRESSIVE STRESS CIRCUMSTANCE 230
Takayuki Takasugi, Junichi Machida
Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
A-10-2 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF INTERFACIAL DEBONDING OF THE Fe-Zn
INTERMETALLIC COATING LAYER ON STEEL SUBSTRATE 236
S. Iwamoto1, S. Ochiai1, H. Okuda1, T. Inoue2
'Kyoto University, Japan, 2National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan
A-10-3 PREDICTION MODEL OF THE GALVANNEALING STATES USING
GALVANNEAL PHASES RATIO BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION DURING
GALVANNEALING PROCESS 242
Doo-Jin Paik, Kwang-Geun Chin, Moon-Hi HongPOSCO, Korea
A-10-4 THE EFFECT OF £-PHASE ON THE FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF
GALVANNEALED INTERSTITIAL FREE SHEET STEELS 248
Luis G. Garza1, Chester J. Van Tyne2'AK Steel Corp., USA,
2Colorado School ofMines, USA
A-11 Joining and Forming
A-l 1-1 DIE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON STAMPING COATED ADVANCED HIGH
STRENGTH STEEL 254
Hua-Chu Shih
United States Steel Corporation, USA
A-l 1-2 EFFECT OF WARMFORMINGON GA STEEL SHEET POWDERING 260
Toyomitsu Nakamura, Hiroshi Takebayashi, Masahiro Nakata, Tamotsu Toki
Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan
A-l 1-3 EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE AMOUNT AND 51/£ PHASE RATIOONFORMABILITY
OF GA SHEETS FORAUTOMOTIVE OUTER PANELS 266
Dong-Soo Han, Jung-hwan Ann, Moon-Hi Hong, Hong-woo Lee
POSCO, Korea
A-l 1-4 INFLUENCE OF Sb ON THE RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF
GALVANNEALED STEELS 272
Salvador Meza1, Luis Moya1, Martha P. Guerrero-Mata1, Rafael Colas1, Antonio Mani2'UniversidadAutonoma deNuevo Leon, Mexico, 2Ternium-Hylsa, S.A. deC.V., Mexico
B-1 Surface and Structural Analysis I
B-l-l COATING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OFHOTROLLED GALVANIZED
PRODUCTS 279
Hubert Saint-Raymond1, D. Bettinger1, Ph. Osmont1, JC. Denquin2'Arcelor Research, France, 2Arcelor Atlantique et Lorraine IDesvres, France
B-l-2 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TINIEST DEFECTS FOR AUTOMOTIVE
EXPOSED PANELS 285
Dong-Soo Han, Moon-Hi HongPOSCO Kwangyang works, Korea
vii
B-l-3 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ZN COATABILITY OF HOT ROLLED COILS
WITH COLD ROLLED COILS • • 291
A. Chattopadhyay1, V. Subramanya Sarma2, B.S. Murty2, D.Bhattacharjee3, M.Dutta3
'Tata Steel, India and 117-Madras, India, 2Indian Institute ofTechnolog)' Madras. India,
sTata Steel, India
B-2 Surface and Structural Analysis II
B-2-1 EFFECT OF GALVANIZING PARAMETERS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF
HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET FOR AUTOMOBOTIVE PANALS 297
H. B. Chen1, K. C. Yang1, C. K. Hsieh1, K. M. Hsu1, J. H. Tsai1, C. S. Lin2
'China Steel Corporation, Taiwan, 2National Taiwan University, Taiwan
B-2-2 SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND REACTIVITY OF SKIN-PASSED HOT DIP
GALVANIZED COATING 303
Jean-Michel Mataigne1, Veronique Vache2, Monique Repoux3'ArceiorMittal, France, 2Novelis, Luxembourg, JEcole des Mines de Paris, CEMEF,
France
B-2-3 EFFECT OF SURFACE ALUMINIUM ON FRICTION AND FRETTING WEAR
BEHAVIOR OF GALVANIZED STEEL SHEETS 309
A. Chattopadhyay, N. Bandyopadhyay, T. Venugopalan, S. Chakrabarty
Tata Steel, India
B-3 Surface and Structural Analysis III
B-3-1 REACTIONS OF THESTEEL SUBSTRATES IN A MOLTEN ZINC BATH TO FORM
AN INHIBITION LAYER AT THE INTERFACE AND PRECIPITATION OF THE
DROSS PARTICLES DURING GALVANNEALING PROCESS 315
Doo-Jin Paik, Myimg-Soo Kim, Chang-Woon Jee, Young-Sool Jin, Jae-Won Noh
POSCO, Korea
B-3-2 SHORT TERM FORMATION OF THE INHIBITION LAYER DURING
CONTINUOUS HOT-DIP GALVANIZING 321
Lihua Chen, Richard Fourcnentin, Joseph McDermid
McMaster University, Canada
B-3-3 THE ALLOYING ELEMENTS TOOL BOXUSEFUL FOR HOT-DIP GALVANIZING 327
Jacques Foct, Marie-Noelle Avettand-Fenoel
Laboratoire de Metallurgie Physique et Genie des Materiaux, U.M.R, C.N.R.S., France
B-3-4 KEY MECHANISMS IN GALVANIZATION OF STEEL SHEETS 333
Jean-Michel MataigneArcelor-Mittal, France
B-3-5 THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS IN INTERSTITIAL-FREE STEEL ON
GALVANNEALINGBEHAVIOR 339
Shintaro Yamanaka, Kenichiro Matsumura
NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION, Japan
B-4 Automotive Applications I - Advanced High Strength Steels -
B-4-1 Keynote
RECENT PROGRESS IN COATED HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH STEEL FOR
AUTOMOTIVE USE 345
Akihiro MiyasakaNippon Steel Corporation, Japan
viii
B-4-2 DEVELOPMENT OF HOT ROLLED, HOT-DIP GALVANISED HIGH STRENGTH
STEEL GRADES ON THE LABORATORY SCALE 351
Michael Pohl, Markus Krieger, Thomas Koll, Thorsten Maiwald
Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH, Germany
B-4-3 DEVELOPMENT OF Si BEARING HIGH STRENGTH GALVANNEALED STEEL
SHEETS WITH SUPERIOR FORMABILITY 357
Satoshi Hironaka, Kazuaki Hosomi, Hiroshi Tanaka, Takashi Malsumoto
Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan
B-4-4 DEVELOPMENT OF 590MPa GRADE LOW Si CONCENTRATION TRIP GA
SHEET STEELS 363
M. B. Moon1, W. B. Kim1, S. J. Park1, S. M. Na1, S. Namkoong1, C. S. Oh2
'HYNDAIHYSCO, Korea,2Korea Institute ofMachinery & Materials, Korea
B-4-5 DEVELOPMENT OFADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEELS WITH 1180MPa IN
TENSILE STRENGTH 369
Jong-Sang Kim, Kwang-Geun Chin
POSCO Technical Research Labs, Korea
B-5 Automotive Applications II - Advanced High Strength Steels -
B-5-1 Keynote
EXPECTATION FOR STEEL SHEET IN VIEW OF FUTURE AUTOMOTIVE
APPLICATION 374
Manabu Fujine
Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
B-5-2 MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY HEAT TREATED AND
GALVANIZED DUAL PHASE STEEL 380
Richard Fourmentin, Anne Mertens, Joseph McDermid
McMaster University, Canada
B-5-3 EFFECTS OF NIOBIUM IN GALVANIZED ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH
STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS 386
Hardy Mohrbacher
CBMM Technology, Germany
B-5-4 DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA-HIGH STRENGTH GALVANNEALED STEEL
SHEETS WITHTENSILE STRENGTH OF 980 MPA 392
Ken-ichiro Matsumura, Nobuhiro Fujita, Toshiki Nonaka, Toshimasa Tomokiyo,Hirokazu TaniguchiNIPPON STEEL CORPORATION, Japan
B-6 Surface and Structural Analysis IV
B-6-1 Keynote
RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS WITH ZINC OR ZINC
ALLOY COATING IN EUROPE 397
B. Schuhmacher2, T. Heller1, M. Steinhorst2, W. Warnecke21ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Germany, 2DOC Dortmurtder Oberflachencentnim GmbH,
Germany
B-6-2 CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS
IN ANADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEEL FROM THEORETICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL VIEWPOINTS 403
C. Ramadeva Shastry, John A. Rotole, Thomas W. Kaiser
Arcelor Mittal Steel USA Research and Development, USA
ix
B-6-3 SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF FERRITIC STEELS 409
Marie-Laurence Giorgi1, Jean-Bernard Guillot1, Amelie Ollivier1, Frank Goodwin2
'Ecole Centrale Paris, France, international Lead Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO),USA
B-6-4 SURFACE ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTIVE OXIDATION DURING AUSTENITIC
ANNEALING OF CMNSI HIGH STRENGTH STEEL. 415
T. Van De Putte1, D. Loison3, S. Claessens2, 2. Zermout2, J. Penning1'Gent University, Belgium, 2Arcelor Research Industry Gent - OCAS NV - ARCELOR,
Belgium,3Arcelor Research SA, France
B-7 Surface and Structural Analysis V
B-7-1 CHARACTERIZATION BY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION OF OXIDE PARTICLES
FORMED DURING ANNEALING 421
A.Ollivier1, M.-L. Giorgi1, M. Zaidi1, J.-P. Mazellier1, P. Haghi-Ashtiani2, M. Clavel2,J.-B. Guillot1
'Ecole Centrale Paris, France, "Structures et Materiaux, France
B-7-2 HOT DIP GALVANIZING OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL: REDUCTION KINETICS
AFTER PREOXIDATION 427
Gerhard Angeli, Alexander Jarosik, Andreas Muhr, Hermann Burger,Thomas Haunschmied, Johann Angelivoestalpine Stahl GmbH, Austria
B-7-3 EFFECT OF INTERNAL OXIDATION OF GALVANNEALING PROPERTIES AND
ANTI-POWDERING PROPERTIES OF Si,Mn,P BEARING HIGH-TENSILE
GALVANIZED SHEET STEEL 433
Yoshitsugu Suzuki', Yoshiharu Sugimoto1, Sakae Fujita2JFE Steel Co., Japan
B-7-4 THE INFLUENCE OF Sb ON THE SURFACE QUALITY OF GALVANIZED SHEET
STEELS 439
Il-Ryoung Sohn, Sun-Ho Jeon, Hee-Jae Kang, Kwang-Geun Chin
POSCO, Korea
B-8 Surface and Structural Analysis VI
B-8-1 FUNDAMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF OXIDES ON THE
REACTION KINETICS DURING HOT DIP GALVANIZING 444
Sascha Frenznick, Dimitar Borissov, Michael Rohwerder
Max-Planck-Institittfur Eisenforschting, Germany
B-8-2 REACTIVE WETTING KINETICS DURING THE GALVANIZING OF HIGH-MN
STEELS 448
Richard Meguerian, Joseph McDerrnid
McMaster University, Canada
B-8-3 ZINC WETTING ON HIGH STRENGTH STEELS 454
Louis Bordignon1, Xavier Vanden Eynde1, Bruno Gay2'CRM, Belgium, 2Umicore, Belgium
B-8-4 HOT-DIP GALVANIZING SIMULATION OF MODEL ALLOYS AND INDUSTRIAL
STEEL GRADES: CORRELATION BETWEEN SURFACE CHEMISTRY ANDWETTABILITY 460
Srinivasan Swaminathan1, Thomas Koll2, Michael Pohl2, Michael Spiegel1'High Temperature Reactions Group, Max-Planck-Institutfur Eisenforschung GmbH,Germany, 2Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH, Germany
x
B-9 Surface and Structural Analysis VII
B-9-1 INFLUENCE OF THIN OXIDE FILMS ON HOT-DIP GALVANIZING AND
GALVANNEALING BEHAVIORS OF STEEL SHEETS 466
Takashi Kawano, Hisato Noro, Kaoru Sato, Yoshitsugu Suzuki, Michitaka Sakurai,Yoichi TobiyamaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan
B-9-2 GALVANIZING TRIP STEEL USING THE DIRECT REDUCTION PROCESS 472
N. Gao1, Y.H. Liu1, N.-Y. Tang1, J.S. Kim2, R.B. Park2'Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada, 2POSCO Technical Research Laboratories, Korea
B-9-3 EFFECTS OF DEW POINTS AND NIOBIUM ON GALVANIZABILITY OF 780MPA
GRADE GALVANIZED DUAL-PHASE STEELS 478
KCYang1, L.W. Chang2'China Steel Corporation, Taiwan, 2National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
B-10 Surface and Structural Analysis VIII
B-l 0-1 INITIAL STAGE Fe-Zn REACTION DURING HOT DIP GALVANIZING OF
Si-ADDED STEEL 482
Etsuo Hamada, Masayasu Nagoshi, Kaoru Sato, Michitaka Sakurai
JFE Steel Corporation, Japan
B-10-2 TEM ANALYSIS OF THE IRON-ZINC INTERFACE OF GALVANIZED TRIP
STEEL 487
Erika Bellhouse, Joseph McDermid
McMaster University, Canada
B-l0-3 FACTORS AFFECTING GALVANEALING BEHAVIOR OF Si-CONTAINING
STEEL SHEETS 493
Takeshi Yasui, Makoto Nakazawa, Akihiro Miyasaka
Nippon Steel Corp., Japan
B-10-4 INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE TEXTURE ON THE FORMATIONAND GROWTH
OF £ PHASE IN THE GALVANNEALED COATINGS ON A FEW INDUSTRIALLY
PRODUCED INTERSTITIAL FREE HIGH STRENGTH STEELS 499
A.Chakraborty, R.K.Ray, D.Bhattacharjee, M.Dutta
TATA STEEL, India
B-11 Automotive Applications III - Advanced Steels -
B-l1-1 PROPERTIES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED GALVANNEALED STEEL SHEET WITH
MODIFIED SURFACE 504
Naoto Yoshimi, Hiroyuki Masuoka, Shoichiro Taira, Tom Imokawa, Masayasu Nagoshi,
Yuji Yamasaki, Yoshiham Sugimoto, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan
B-l 1-2 CORUS' NEW HOT DIP ZnAlMg COATED STEEL FOR AUTOMOBILE
APPLICATIONS 510
R. Bleeker, F. Hannour, C. Goos, T.F.J. Maalman, S.M. Smith, M.J. Vlot, J.W. Vrenken
Corns Research Development & Technology, The Netherlands
xi
B-U-3 METALLURGYOF NEWLY-DEVELOPED AUTOMOTIVE STEEL SHEETS IN
POSCO 516
Moon-Hi Hong1, Jae-Hyung Ann1, Hyun-Sik Jeong1, Woo-Jin Noh1, Jin-Hee Chung1,Deok-Gu Kang1, Jeong-Bong Yoon2, Seong-IL Kim2, Ohjoon Kwon\ Sung-Hwan Lim1,Noi-Ha Cho1
'POSCO, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab., Korea, 3Kangwon National
University, Korea
B-ll-4 PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF NEWLY-DEVELOPED AUTOMOTIVE STEEL
SHEETS IN POSCO • • 522
Moon-Hi Hong', Jae-Hyung Ahn1, Deok-Gu Kang', Jeong-Bong Yoon2, Ohjoon Kwon2,Tae-Hyun Nam3, Noi-Ha Cho''POSCO, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab., Korea, 3Gyeonsang National
University, Korea
B-12 Automotive Applications IV - Fuel Tank Materials -
B-12-1 DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY CORROSION-RESISTANT Sn-Zn COATING STEEL
FOR AUTOMOTIVE FUEL TANKS 528
Yasuto Goto, Shinichi Yamaguchi, Masao Kurosaki, Toshinori Mizuguchi, Yusho Oyama,Teruaki Izaki
Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan
B-12-2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-PAINTED STEEL SHEET FOR FUEL TANKOF
VERSATILE ENGINE 534
Kohei Ueda1, Hiroshi Kanai1, Kengo Yoshida1, Shiro Kamiyama2, Shizuo Kimura"
'Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan, 2Honda Engineering Co., Ltd.. Japan
B-12-3 DEVELOPMENT OF ONE-SIDE CHROMATED GALVANNEALED STEEL FOR
FUEL TANKS IN TWO-WHEELERS 539
Shantami Chakrabarti, T. Venugopalan, Arun K. Singh, Kinshuk Roy, N. RajeshTATA STEEL, India
C-1 Zinc Alloy Coated Steels
C-J-l SOLIDIFICATION STRUCTURE FORMATION OF Zn-Al ALLOY IN HOT DIP
GALVANIZED PROCESS 545
Hideyuki Yasuda1, Tomoya Nagira1, Hiroshi Harada2, Takashi Sawai2,Hidetoshi Sindoh2, Kazumi Nishimura2'Osaka University, Japan, 2Nippon Steel Corporaton, Japan
C-1-2 Ti-INDUCED GRAIN REFINEMENT OF 5 wt. % Al-Zn COATINGS 550Etienne J. Petit1, Bruno Gay2'LETAM (UMR 7078 CNRS-Universite de Metz), France, 2Umicore Research, Belgium
C-l-3 EFFECT OF ANNEALING PROCEDURE ON PHASE FORMATION IN ZINC
MAGNESIUM ALLOY COATINGS ON STEEL SHEETS 556
Bert Scheffel, Olaf Zywitzki, Christoph Metzner
Fraunhofer Institute Electron Beam andPlasma Technology (FEP), Germany
C-l-4 INFLUENCE OF Si CONTENT IN HOT DIP BATH ON STRUCTURE AND
FORMABILITY OF 55%AI-Zn COATINGS 562Toshihiko Ooi, Yoshiharu Sugimoto, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan
xii
C-2 Construction Applications I
C-2-1 KeynoteRECENT PROGRESS OFZINC AND ZINC-ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEETS FOR
CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS 568
Takeshi Shimizu
Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan
C-2-2 HOT DIP ZnAlMg COATINGS: MICROSTRUCTURE AND FORMING
PROPERTIES 574
Margot Vlot, Marga Zuijderwijk, Matthijs Toose, Louisa Elliott, Rob Bleeker,
Theo Maalman
Corns Research Development and Technology, The Netherlands
C-2-3 INFLUENCE OF MG ADDITIONS ON ZN-5%AL HOT DIPPING 580
L. Suarez1, P. Camba1, F. Leysen1, C. Masquelier, D. Warichet2, Y. Houbaert'
'Ghent University, Belgium, 2Innovative Coating Application, Belgium
C-2-4 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF ZN-11%AL-3%MG-0.2%SI COATED STEEL
SHEET AFTER SHELTERED OUTDOOREXPOSURE TEST IN MIYAKOJIMA 586
Yoshio Kimata, Akira Takahashi, Kenichi Asai
Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan
C-2-5 CORROSION PROPERTIES OF MODEL ZINC-MAGNESIUM ALLOYS 592
Tomas Prosek1, Andrej Nazarov', Ulf Bexell2, Dominique Thierry1, Jan Serak3'institut de la Corrosion IFrench Corrosion Institute, France, 2Dalarna University,
Sweden, iInstitute ofChemical Technology, Czech Republic
C-3 Construction Applications II
C-3-1 Keynote
APPROACH TO THEDECREASE OF ENVIRONMENT-LOADING MATERIALS IN
HOUSING INDUSTRY 598
Yoshihiro Tsujimoto, Norihito Ikeda
Sekisui House, Ltd., Japan
C-3-2 ANTI DIRT PICKUP COATINGS BASED ON BLOCKED CARBOXYLIC
ACID/EPOXY CURING SYSTEM WITH HYDROPHILIC SURFACE 601
Hiroki Mizutani, Toshio Yamamoto, Futoshi Nakanishi
BASF Coatings Japan Ltd., Japan
C-3-3 DEVELOPMENT OF ANEW ACCELERATED CORROSION TEST FOR COIL
COATED MATERIALS USED IN THE BUILDING SECTOR 607
Dominique Thierry1, Per -Erik Augustsson2, Martin Jourdier3
'French Corrosion Institute, France, 2SSAB Tunnplat AB, Sweden, 3Arcelor Research
Liege, Belgium
C-4 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction I
C-4-1 CALCULATION OFRELATIVE HUMIDITY IN EQUILIBRIUM WITH WATERFILMS CONTAININGSTRONG ELECTROLYTEBY THERMODYNAMIC DATA 613
Tadashi Shinohara1, Akira Tahara1, Yuji Hosoya1, Wataru Oshikawa2, Shin-ichi Motoda3'National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan, 2University ofthe Ryukyus, Japan,3Tokyo University ofMarine Science and Technology, Japan
xiii
C-4-2 INHERENT DELAMINATION PROTECTION BY NOVEL ZINC ALLOYS
Michael Rohwerder, Andrey Lyapin, Florin Turcu
Max-Planck-Institutfur Eisenforschung, Germany
619
C-4-3 NUMERICALANALYSIS OF EDGE CORROSION OF GALVANIZED STEEL
SHEETS 624
Nobuhiro Okada, Masamitsu Matsumoto, Masanari Kimoto, Takeo Kudo
Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan
C-4-4 MORPHOLOGY OF CORROSION PRODUCTS FROMED BY EDGE CORROSION
OF RESIDUAL COATED STEEL SHEETS 630
Akira Tahara, Tadashi Shinohara
Corrosion group, National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan
C-5 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction II
C-5-1 CUT EDGE CORROSION MECHANISM OF COATED STEELS EXPOSED TO
CYCLIC CONDITIONS OF WET AND DRY 636
Atsushi Nishikata, Toyoflimi Tsuda, Tooru Tsuru
Tok)>o Institute ofTechnology, Japan
C-5-2 ANALYSIS OF EDGE CORROSION OF ZINC-PLATED STEEL IN HUMID
ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION USING MULTIPLE ELECTRODE SYSTEM 642
Kazuhisa Azumi, Kei Iokibe
Hokkaido University, Japan
C-5-3 CORROSION PRODUCTS ON CUT EDGE SURFACE OF ZINC-COATED STEELS
IN HUMIDIFIED AIR IN THE PRESENCE OF NaCl PRECIPITATE BY RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY 648
Toshiaki Ohtsuka, Yasuhisa Abe
Hokkaido University, Japan
C-5-4 THE EFFECT OF LOW LEVEL MAGNESIUM ADDITIONS ON THE
MICROSTRUCTURE AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF ZINC ALUMINUM
ALLOY GALVANIZED STEELS 653
Jonathan Elvins', John A. Spittle2, David A. Worsley2'Corns Colors, UK,2University of Wales, UK
C-5-5 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PRE-PAINTED Zn-6%Al-3%Mg ALLOY COATED
STEEL SHEET 659
Satoshi Yamamoto, Fumiki Kumon, Toshie Taoraoto, Hiroshi Entani
NISSHIN STEEL Co., LTD., Japan
C-6 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction III
C-6-1 EFFECT OF Al CONTENT ON STRUCTURE OF CORROSION PRODUCT FILMS
IN THE EARLY STAGES ON HOT-DIP Zn-Al COATINGS 665
Katsuhiro Nishihara1, Masamitsu Matsumoto1, Masanari Kimoto1, Takeo Kudo1'2,Hitoshi Uchida2, Yuichi Haruyama2, Kazuhiro Kanda2, Shinji Matsui2
'Sumitomo Metal Industries LTD., Japan, 2University ofHyogo, Japan
C-6-2 IMPROVING OF PROTECTION OF ZINC- ALUMINUMALLOY COATED
STEELS AGAINST CORROSION BY ANODIZING 671
Masatoshi Sakairi1, Yoshiyuki Uchida2
'Hokkaido University, Japan, 2Nagoya Aerospace Systems, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,
LTD., Japan.
xiv
C-6-3 EVALUATIONOF CORROSION RESISTANCE BYNEWACCELERATED
CORROSION TEST FOR ZINC-COATED STEEL SHEETS USED IN ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCES 676
Hiroshi Kajiyama, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan
C-6-4 ANALYTICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL
WEATHERING OF ORGANIC COATED GALVANISED STEEL. 682
F. Deflorian, S. Rossi, M. Fedel
University ofTrento, Italy
C-6-5 ENSURING ACCURACY IN TOTAL LIFE PREDICTION FOR HOT-DIP COATED
STEEL IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS 688
Qiyang Liu, David Willis, Udo Bucher
BlueScope Steel Limited, Australia
C-7 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction IV
C-7-1 Keynote
CORROSION PERFORMANCE OFZINC-COATED STEELS -MECHANISM, LIFE
PREDICTION AND CORROSIVITY MAPPING 694
X.G. ZhangTeck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada
C-7-2 A NEW INDEX TO EVALUATE PERFORATION CORROSION RESISTANCE OF
COATED STEEEL SHEETS FOR AUTOMOTIVE PANELS IN ACTUAL USE
ENVIRONMENTS 699
Daisuke Mizuno, Katsuya Hoshino, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan
C-7-3 EVALUATION OF AUTOMOBILE CORROSION ENVIRONMENTS BY ACMTYPE
CORROSION SENSOR 70S
Sachiko Suzuki, Daisuke Mizuno, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan
C-7-4 APPLICATION OF VISUAL OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES TO GALVANIC
CORROSION OF FE-ZN COUPLES 710
Eiji Tada, Hiroyuki Kaneko
Akita University, Japan
C-7-5 LOCALIZED CORROSION OF GALVANIZED STEEL IN SEAWATER 715
Jun'ichi Sakai1, Yoichi Makimizu1'2'Waseda University, Japan, 2JFE Steel Corporation, Japan
C-8 Appliance Applications
C-8-1 Keynote
TRENDS OF ELECTRIC HOME APPLIANCES AND EXPECTATIONS OF
SURFACE-COATED STEEL SHEETS 721
Yoshifumi MoriyaMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Matsushita Home Appliances Company, Japan
C-8-2 DEVELOPMENT OFHEATRELEASING STEEL SHEET 727
Yasuo Hirano1, Takeshi Watase1, Hideaki Kuwabara2, Kazuo Takahashi2,Masahiko Mitsuda2
'Kobe Steel, Ltd., Japan, ^TechnicalDevelopment Group, Japan
xv
C-8-3 THE INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS ON ANTI
FINGERPRINT PROPERTY 733
Hidehiro Yamaguchi, Tatsuya Suzuki, Kensuke Mizuno
NIHONPARKERIZING CO.,LTD., Japan
C-8-4 DEVELOPMENT OF ANTISTATIC PRE-COATED STEEL SHEET 739
Hiroyasu Furukawa, Hiroshi Kanai, Kenji Inada
Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan
C-8-5 EFFECT OF CURING METHODS ON SLIDING PROPERTIES OF THIN ORGANIC
COMPOSITE COATED STEEL SHEETS 745
Takeshi Matsuda, Takahiro Kubota
JFE Steel Corporation, Japan
C-9 Conversion Coating I
C-9-1 Keynote
RECENT PROGRESS IN HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM FREE COATED STEEL
SHEETS 751
Masamitsu Matsumoto
Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan
C-9-2 MICROSTRUCTURE OF CHROMATE-FREE COATINGS AND THEIR
CORROSION RESISTANCE 757
Hisato Noro, Kazuhisa Okai, Akira Matsuzaki, Naoto Yoshimi
JFESteel Corporation, Japan
C-9-3 THREE YEARS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION WITH CR(VI)-FREEPASSIVATION TREATMENTS 762
J. De Strycker, F. Horzertberger, C. Xhoffer, S. Siau
Arcelor Mittal Industiy research Gent, OCAS NV, Belgium
C-10 Conversion Coating II
C-10-1 CORROSION PROTECTION MECHANISM OF NOVEL ORGANIC
CHROMATE-FREE COIL COATING SYSTEMS 768Michael Dombusch, Markus Hickl, Kristof Wapner, Lothar Jandel
BASF Coatings AG, Germany
C-10-2 CHROME-FREE TREATMENTS (INORGANIC AND ORGANIC TREATMENTS)For HOT-DIP ZN-6MASS%AL-3MASS%MG ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEET 774
Koichiro Ueda, Masanori Matsuno, Shinya Furukawa, Hirofumi Taketsu
Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan
C-10-3 PROPERTIES OF NEW CHROMATE-FREE ELECTROGALVANIZED STEEL
SHEETS WITH NONRESINOUS COATINGS 780Taihei Kaneto, Ikuo Kikuchi, Atsushi Morishita, Shinichi Yamaguchi, Yoichiro Mori,Ikuro Yamaoka, Hidetoshi Shindo
Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan
C-11 Conversion Coating III
C-l 1-1 THE DEVELOPMENT OFA CHROMIUM-FREE SEALING FOR
ZINC-PHOSPHATED ELECTRO-GALVANIZED STEEL SHEETS 786
Katsuyuki Kawakamt, Junichi Uchida, Kensuke Mizuno, Ryosuke Sako
NIHON PARKERIZING Co.,Ltd„ Japan
xvi
C-ll-2 PAINTABILITY OF TRADITIONAL AND Cr(VI)-FREE CONVERSION LAYERS
ON GALVANISED STEELS 792
Szilvia Koszegi, Eva Denes
DUNAFERR Co. Ltd, Hungary
C-ll-3 TEMPORARY CORROSION PROTECTION OF GALVANIZED STEEL - A NEW,
FLUORIDE-FREE, AND HEAVY METAL-FREE TECHNOLOGY 798
Walter Bertkau1, Manfred Essig1, Alexander Gothlich1, Mirjam Herrlich-Loos1,Helmut Witteler1, Grace X. Showalter2, Kiyonari Matsuoka3'BASF AG, Germany, 2BASF Corporation, USA, 3BASFJapan Ltd.. Japan
C-ll-4 ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY POST TREATMENT OF VARIOUS METALLIC
COATED STEELS 804
Jong Min Kim, Yongsug Chung
Dongbu Steel, Korea
xvii