8
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oDGH RULHQWDWLRQ EXLOGLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ HWF 7KHVH SUREOHPV FDQ EH DYRLGHG E\ HPSOR\LQJ PRGHO SUHGLFWLYH FRQWURO 03& VWUDWHJLHV 6SLQGOHU DQG 1RUIRUG E &RIIH\ 0D\2VWHQGRUS HW DO %DVHG RQ ZHDWKHU IRUHFDVWV DQG FRROLQJ ORDG DQWLFLSDWLRQ WKH 03& RSWLPL]HU VHHNV RSWLPDO FRQWURO VHTXHQFHV WR EDODQFH RSHUDWLQJ FRVWV DQG RFFXSDQW FRPIRUW LQ IXWXUH WLPH IUDPH 6SLQGOHU DQG 1RUIRUG E DSSOLHG D UHDOWLPH RU ³RQOLQH´ SUHGLFWLYH VWUDWHJ\ IRU D PXOWL]RQH PL[HG PRGH EXLOGLQJ WR ILQG WKH RSWLPDO YHQWLODWLRQ PRGH EDVHG RQ DQ HQHUJ\ SUHGLFWLRQ PRGHO WKDW ZDV WUDLQHG IURP H[WHQVLYH PHDVXUHPHQW GDWD 0D\2VWHQGRUS GHYHORSHG DQ ³RIIOLQH´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oDGH RSHQLQJV LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK DQ DWULXP IRU K\EULG YHQWLODWLRQ 7KH PL[HGPRGH FRROLQJ VWUDWHJ\ XVHG LQ WKH EXLOGLQJ DOORZHG QDWXUDO YHQWLODWLRQ ZKHQ WKH RXWGRRU DLU WHPSHUDWXUH ZDV EHWZHHQ & DQG & DQG WKH UHODWLYH KXPLGLW\ OHVV WKDQ 7KH EXLOGLQJ KDV KLJK OHYHOV RI WKHUPDO PDVV LQ WKH IRUP RI H[SRVHG FRQFUHWH IORRU VODEV DW WKH FRUULGRUV ZKLFK DUH ORFDWHG DGMDFHQW WR WKH LQOHW JULOOHV RQ WKH VRXWKHDVW DQG QRUWKZHVW HQGV DQG H[WHQGHG DOO WKH ZD\ WR WKH DWULXP 7KH VWXG\ GHPRQVWUDWHG VLJQLILFDQW SRWHQWLDO IRU FRROLQJ ORDG UHGXFWLRQ DQG VXJJHVWHG WKDW D SUHGLFWLYH FRQWURO VWUDWHJ\ ZRXOG EH QHFHVVDU\ IRU PD[LPL]LQJ WKH EHQHILWV RI QDWXUDO YHQWLODWLRQ ZLWKRXW FRPSULVLQJ WKHUPDO FRPIRUW 7KHUPDO PRGHO )RU VLPSOLFLW\ WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ IRFXVHV RQ D JHQHULF VHFWLRQ RI WKH PL[HGPRGH EXLOGLQJ GHVFULEHG DERYH ZLWK DQ DWULXP FRQQHFWHG WR VL[ FRUULGRUV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH 7KH WRWDO IORRU DUHD RI WKH DWULXP LV P ZLWK D KHLJKW RI P DQG WKH FXUWDLQ ZDOO IDoDGH IDFHV VRXWKZHVW (DFK FRUULGRU KDV RQH H[WHULRU IDoDGH ZKHUH WKH LQOHW JULOOHV DUH LQVWDOOHG 7KH FRUULGRUV KDYH GLPHQVLRQV RI P î P î P DQG DFW DV ORQJ DLU ³GXFW´ IRU GHOLYHU\ RI RXWVLGH DLU LQWR WKH DWULXP ]RQH 7KHUPDO G\QDPLFV RI WKH LQWHULRU EXLOGLQJ ]RQHV DUH SUHGLFWHG E\ DSSO\LQJ WKH KHDW EDODQFH PHWKRG ZKLFK H[SOLFLWO\ PRGHOV WKH KHDW WUDQVIHU UDWH WR WKH LQWHULRU DQG H[WHULRU VXUIDFHV DQG WR WKH ]RQH DLU 7KH WKHUPDO Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28 - 2494 -

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International ...ljxuh 0l[hg prgh frrolqj frqfhsw qhwzrun iru wkh dwulxp dqg wkh fruulgru ]rqh duh vkrzq lq )ljxuh 7kh udgldwlrq khdw wudqvihuv

  • Upload
    lyhanh

  • View
    219

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

6,08/$7,21�2)�$17,&,3$725<�&21752/�675$7(*,(6�,1�%8,/',1*6�:,7+�0,;('�02'(�&22/,1*��

�-LDQMXQ�+X��3DQDJLRWD�.DUDYD�

6FKRRO�RI�&LYLO�(QJLQHHULQJ��'LYLVLRQ�RI�&RQVWUXFWLRQ�(QJLQHHULQJ�DQG�0DQDJHPHQW���3XUGXH�8QLYHUVLW\��:HVW�/DID\HWWH��,1��86$�

$%675$&7�7KH� SDSHU� DLPV� WR� GHPRQVWUDWH� WKH� SRWHQWLDO�SHUIRUPDQFH� ERXQGV� RI� PRGHO� SUHGLFWLYH� FRQWURO�VWUDWHJLHV� �03&�� IRU� EXLOGLQJV� ZLWK� PL[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ��H[SRVHG� WKHUPDO�PDVV�DQG�KLJK�VRODU�JDLQV��$�WUDQVLHQW�PXOWL�]RQH�HQHUJ\�SUHGLFWLRQ�PRGHO�ZLWK�D� FRXSOHG� WKHUPDO� DQG� DLUIORZ� QHWZRUN� KDV� EHHQ�GHYHORSHG� LQ� 0$7/$%� DQG� LW� LV� XVHG� ZLWKLQ� DQ�RIIOLQH�03&�IUDPHZRUN�ZLWK�*HQ2SW�DV�DQ�RSWLPL]HU��6LPXODWLRQ� UHVXOWV� VKRZ� WKDW� PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ�VWUDWHJLHV� �ZLQGRZ�RSHQLQJ� DQG� IDQ� DVVLVW� VFKHGXOH��GHFLGHG� E\� WKH� 03&� RSWLPL]HU� FDQ� VLJQLILFDQWO\�UHGXFH�WKH�FRROLQJ�UHTXLUHPHQW�FRPSDUHG�WR�EDVHOLQH�QLJKW� VHW� EDFN� DQG� VLPSOH� KHXULVWLF� FRQWURO�ZLWK� WKH�RSHUDWLYH� WHPSHUDWXUH� PDLQWDLQHG� ZLWKLQ� DFFHSWDEOH�OLPLWV� IRU� RFFXSDQW� WKHUPDO� FRPIRUW�� 5HVXOWV� DOVR�VKRZ�WKDW�DGGLWLRQDO�HQHUJ\�VDYLQJV�FDQ�EH�DFKLHYHG�ZLWK� VKDGLQJ� FRQWURO� FRRUGLQDWHG� ZLWK� DQWLFLSDWRU\�FRQWURO�VWUDWHJLHV�IRU�PL[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ��

,1752'8&7,21�0L[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ�UHIHUV� WR�D�K\EULG� DSSURDFK�IRU�VSDFH� FRQGLWLRQLQJ�� HPSOR\LQJ� D� FRPELQDWLRQ� RI�QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ��ZKHUH�WKH�IORZ�LV�GULYHQ�E\�ZLQG�RU� WKHUPDO�EXR\DQF\� IRUFHV� VRPHWLPHV�DVVLVWHG�E\�D�IDQ�� DQG� PHFKDQLFDO� V\VWHPV�� DORQJ� ZLWK� VPDUW�VZLWFKLQJ� EHWZHHQ� V\VWHPV� WR� PLQLPL]H� EXLOGLQJ�HQHUJ\� XVH� DQG� PDLQWDLQ� RFFXSDQW� WKHUPDO� FRPIRUW��%UDJHU� HW� DO��� ������� ([LVWLQJ� FRQWURO� VWUDWHJLHV� IRU�PL[HG�PRGH�EXLOGLQJV�DUH�KHXULVWLF�DQG�PD\� OHDG� WR�LQFUHDVHG� RSHUDWLQJ� FRVWV� RU� RFFXSDQW� GLVFRPIRUW�VLQFH�WKH\�DUH�QRW�RSWLPL]HG�IRU�WKH�ORFDO�FOLPDWH�DQG�SDUWLFXODU� EXLOGLQJ� IHDWXUHV� VXFK� DV� WKHUPDO� PDVV��IDoDGH� RULHQWDWLRQ�� EXLOGLQJ� FRQVWUXFWLRQ�� HWF�� 7KHVH�SUREOHPV� FDQ� EH� DYRLGHG� E\� HPSOR\LQJ� PRGHO�SUHGLFWLYH� FRQWURO� �03&�� VWUDWHJLHV� �6SLQGOHU� DQG�1RUIRUG������E��&RIIH\��������0D\�2VWHQGRUS�HW�DO����������%DVHG�RQ�ZHDWKHU� IRUHFDVWV� DQG� FRROLQJ� ORDG�DQWLFLSDWLRQ�� WKH� 03&� RSWLPL]HU� VHHNV� RSWLPDO�FRQWURO� VHTXHQFHV� WR� EDODQFH� RSHUDWLQJ� FRVWV� DQG�RFFXSDQW�FRPIRUW�LQ�IXWXUH�WLPH�IUDPH���6SLQGOHU�DQG�1RUIRUG� �����E��DSSOLHG�D� UHDO�WLPH�RU�³RQOLQH´�SUHGLFWLYH� VWUDWHJ\� IRU� D�PXOWL�]RQH�PL[HG�PRGH�EXLOGLQJ� WR� ILQG� WKH�RSWLPDO� YHQWLODWLRQ�PRGH��EDVHG�RQ�DQ�HQHUJ\�SUHGLFWLRQ�PRGHO�WKDW�ZDV�WUDLQHG�IURP� H[WHQVLYH� PHDVXUHPHQW� GDWD�� 0D\�2VWHQGRUS��������GHYHORSHG�DQ�³RIIOLQH´�03&�IUDPHZRUN�IRU�D�PL[HG�PRGH� EXLOGLQJ� �QRW� RSWLPL]HG� IRU� QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ� XVH�� WKURXJK� FRPELQLQJ� DQ� RSWLPL]DWLRQ�WRROER[� LQ� 0$7/$%� ZLWK� (QHUJ\3OXV� WR� JHQHUDWH�

RSWLPDO� ZLQGRZ� RSHQLQJ� VFKHGXOHV�� 7KH� JHQHUDWHG�RSWLPDO� UHVXOWV� ZHUH� IXUWKHU� XVHG� WR� FUHDWH� D�JHQHUDOL]HG� OLQHDU� PRGHO� WR� H[WUDFW� QHDU�RSWLPDO�KHXULVWLFV���7KH� SUHVHQW� VWXG\�� H[WHQGV� SUHYLRXV� ZRUN� E\�H[DPLQLQJ� PL[HG�PRGH� VWUDWHJLHV� VXFK� DV� ZLQGRZ�RSHQLQJ� DQG� IDQ� DVVLVW� LQ� D� PXOWL�]RQH� KLJK�SHUIRUPDQFH�EXLOGLQJ�ZLWK�H[SRVHG�WKHUPDO�PDVV��DQ�DWULXP� DQG� FRRUGLQDWHG� VKDGLQJ� FRQWURO�� ,W� DOVR�HVWDEOLVKHV� D� GHWDLOHG� �SK\VLFDO�� SUHGLFWLRQ� PRGHO�LQWHJUDWLQJ� WKHUPDO� DQG� DLUIORZ� VLPXODWLRQ� WKDW� ZLOO�EH� XVHG� IRU� SDUDPHWHU� LGHQWLILFDWLRQ� LQ� VLPSOLILHG�PRGHOV� WKDW� FDQ� IDFLOLWDWH� 03&� LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ� LQ�UHDO�EXLOGLQJV���

02'(/�'(9(/230(17�$1'�0(7+2'2/2*<��7KLV�VWXG\�ZDV�LQVSLUHG�E\�WKH�ZRUN�GRQH�LQ�.DUDYD�HW� DO�� �������� 7KH� VWXG\� FRQGXFWHG� H[WHQVLYH�PHDVXUHPHQWV�LQ�DQ�LQVWLWXWLRQDO�EXLOGLQJ��ORFDWHG�LQ�0RQWUHDO�� &DQDGD�� ZLWK� PRWRUL]HG� IDoDGH� RSHQLQJV�LQWHJUDWHG�ZLWK�DQ�DWULXP�IRU�K\EULG�YHQWLODWLRQ��7KH�PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ� VWUDWHJ\� XVHG� LQ� WKH� EXLOGLQJ�DOORZHG� QDWXUDO� YHQWLODWLRQ� ZKHQ� WKH� RXWGRRU� DLU�WHPSHUDWXUH� ZDV� EHWZHHQ� ��� �&� DQG� ��� �&� DQG� WKH�UHODWLYH� KXPLGLW\� OHVV� WKDQ� ����� 7KH� EXLOGLQJ� KDV�KLJK� OHYHOV� RI� WKHUPDO�PDVV� LQ� WKH� IRUP�RI� H[SRVHG�FRQFUHWH�IORRU�VODEV�DW�WKH�FRUULGRUV�ZKLFK�DUH�ORFDWHG�DGMDFHQW� WR� WKH� LQOHW� JULOOHV� RQ� WKH� VRXWKHDVW� DQG�QRUWKZHVW� HQGV� DQG� H[WHQGHG� DOO� WKH� ZD\� WR� WKH�DWULXP��7KH� VWXG\� GHPRQVWUDWHG� VLJQLILFDQW� SRWHQWLDO�IRU� FRROLQJ� ORDG� UHGXFWLRQ� DQG� VXJJHVWHG� WKDW� D�SUHGLFWLYH� FRQWURO� VWUDWHJ\� ZRXOG� EH� QHFHVVDU\� IRU�PD[LPL]LQJ� WKH� EHQHILWV� RI� QDWXUDO� YHQWLODWLRQ�ZLWKRXW�FRPSULVLQJ�WKHUPDO�FRPIRUW���

7KHUPDO�PRGHO��)RU� VLPSOLFLW\�� WKH� SUHVHQW� VWXG\� IRFXVHV� RQ� D�JHQHULF� VHFWLRQ� RI� WKH� PL[HG�PRGH� EXLOGLQJ�GHVFULEHG� DERYH� ZLWK� DQ� DWULXP� FRQQHFWHG� WR� VL[�FRUULGRUV�DV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����7KH�WRWDO�IORRU�DUHD�RI�WKH�DWULXP�LV�����P��ZLWK�D�KHLJKW�RI������P�DQG�WKH�FXUWDLQ� ZDOO� IDoDGH� IDFHV� VRXWKZHVW�� (DFK� FRUULGRU�KDV� RQH� H[WHULRU� IDoDGH� ZKHUH� WKH� LQOHW� JULOOHV� DUH�LQVWDOOHG�� 7KH� FRUULGRUV� KDYH� GLPHQVLRQV� RI� ���P� î�����P�î���P�DQG�DFW�DV�ORQJ�DLU�³GXFW´�IRU�GHOLYHU\�RI�RXWVLGH�DLU�LQWR�WKH�DWULXP�]RQH���7KHUPDO�G\QDPLFV�RI� WKH� LQWHULRU�EXLOGLQJ�]RQHV�DUH�SUHGLFWHG�E\�DSSO\LQJ�WKH�KHDW�EDODQFH�PHWKRG�ZKLFK�H[SOLFLWO\�PRGHOV�WKH�KHDW�WUDQVIHU�UDWH�WR�WKH�LQWHULRU�DQG�H[WHULRU�VXUIDFHV�DQG�WR�WKH�]RQH�DLU��7KH�WKHUPDO�

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2494 -

����

)LJXUH����0L[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ�FRQFHSW�QHWZRUN� IRU� WKH� DWULXP� DQG� WKH� FRUULGRU� ]RQH� DUH�VKRZQ� LQ� )LJXUH� ��� 7KH� UDGLDWLRQ� KHDW� WUDQVIHUV�EHWZHHQ�LQWHUQDO�VXUIDFHV�DUH�QRW�VKRZQ�LQ�UHVSHFW�RI�VLPSOLFLW\�EXW�ZHUH�LQFOXGHG� LQ�WKH�VLPXODWLRQV��'XH�WR� WKH� FRUULGRU¶V� ODUJH� GLPHQVLRQ� ���� P� ORQJ�� D�VLJQLILFDQW� WHPSHUDWXUH� GLIIHUHQFH� LV� DQWLFLSDWHG� LQ�WKH�VODE�VXUIDFH��WKXV��WKH�VXUIDFHV�DUH�GLYLGHG�LQWR���VHFWLRQV�EXW�DUH�FRQQHFWHG�ZLWK�WKH�VDPH�FRUULGRU�DLU�QRGH��7KH� WKHUPDO�PRGHO� IRU� WKH� FRUULGRU� ]RQHV� KDV�EHHQ�YHULILHG�XVLQJ�GDWD� IURP�DQ�H[SHULPHQWDO�VWXG\��.DUDYD� HW� DO��� ������ +X� DQG� .DUDYD�� ������� 7KH�DWULXP�LV�PRGHOHG�ZLWK�WKUHH�]RQHV�WR�DFFRXQW�IRU�WKH�WHPSHUDWXUH� VWUDWLILFDWLRQ� �.DUDYD� HW� DO��� �������7KHUHIRUH�� WKH� WKHUPDO� PRGHO� LQFOXGHV� WKUHH� DWULXP�]RQHV�SOXV�VL[�FRUULGRU�]RQHV��WKUHH� LQ�VRXWKHDVW�DQG�QRUWKZHVW�RULHQWDWLRQ����

$LUIORZ�PRGHO�$�PXOWL�]RQH� DLUIORZ�QHWZRUN�PRGHO� �)LJXUH� ��� KDV�EHHQ� GHYHORSHG� LQ� 0$7/$%� XVLQJ� WKH� 1HZWRQ�5DSKVRQ� PHWKRG� WR� VROYH� WKH� QRQ�OLQHDU� DLUIORZ�SUREOHP�E\�LWHUDWLRQ�RI�VROXWLRQV�RI�OLQHDU�HTXDWLRQV��7KH�DLUIORZ�WKURXJK�HDFK�RSHQLQJ�LV�JLYHQ�E\�

����������������������������𝐹 , = 𝐶 𝐴 ∆ , ���������������������������

ZKHUH��&G� LV� WKH�GLVFKDUJH�FRHIILFLHQW��VHW� WR�EH������DV�WKH�VWXG\�DVVXPHG�WKDW�WKH�RSHQLQJV�ZHUH�³ODUJH´��$� LV� WKH� HIIHFWLYH� RSHQLQJ� DUHD�� ȡ� LV� WKH� DLU� GHQVLW\�WKDW� GHSHQGV� RQ� WKH� IORZ� GLUHFWLRQ�� ǻ3M�L� LV� WKH�SUHVVXUH�GLIIHUHQFH�EHWZHHQ�]RQHV�������������������������∆𝑃 , = 𝑃 − 𝑃 + 𝑃 + 𝑃 ���������������������ZKHUH��3M�DQG�3L�DUH�WRWDO�SUHVVXUH�LQ�]RQH�M�DQG�L��36�LV� WKH�SUHVVXUH�GLIIHUHQFH�GXH�WR�WKH�VWDFN�HIIHFW�DQG�3:�LV�WKH�ZLQG�HIIHFW�SUHVVXUH��7KH� ³0XOWLSOH�2SHQLQJ�0RGHO´� (6WXDUW� HW� DO��� ������ZDV� XVHG� WR�PRGHO� WKH� DLU� H[FKDQJH� EHWZHHQ� ]RQHV�FRQQHFWHG� ZLWK� ODUJH� RSHQLQJV�� 7KH� PRGHO� GLYLGHV�WKH� ODUJH� RSHQLQJ� �:� î� +�� LQWR� PXOWLSOH� WKLQ� VWULS�RSHQLQJV��:îǻK��VR� WKDW� WKH� IORZ�UDWH� WKURXJK�HDFK�VWULS�FRXOG�EH�FDOFXODWHG�VHSDUDWHO\��)LJXUH������$Q�DVVLVWLQJ�H[KDXVW�IDQ�LV�ORFDWHG�RQ�WKH�URRI�RI�WKH�DWULXP� WKDW� RSHUDWHV� LQ� FDVH� RI� LQVXIILFLHQW� QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ�� 7KH� DLUIORZ� QHWZRUN� PRGHO� ZDV�FRPSDUHG� ZLWK� &217$0� DQG� WKH� SUHGLFWHG�GLIIHUHQFHV� RI� ERWK� IORZ� UDWHV� DQG� SUHVVXUH� GURSV�ZHUH�OHVV�WKDQ������)RU� EXLOGLQJ� ZLWK� PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ�� QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ���LV��DQ��HVVHQWLDO�IHDWXUH�ZKHUH��DLUIORZ��LV�

��� �)LJXUH����7KHUPDO�QHWZRUN�IRU�WKH�DWULXP��OHIW��DQG�WKH�FRUULGRU�]RQH��ULJKW��

� �� �)LJXUH����6FKHPDWLF�RI�WKH�DLUIORZ�QHWZRUN��OHIW��DQG�0XOWLSOH�2SHQLQJ�0RGHO��ULJKW��

Corridors leading to SE façade motorized inlet grilles

Air Supply

Air return

Corridors leading to NW façade motorized inlet grilles

atrium air

ceiling

floor left wall

back wall

right wall

glazinginteriorglazing

exterior

ambient

5FRY��

5��B� 5FRY� 5FRY�

5FRY�5FRY�

5FRY� 5FRY�

Swe

S2 S3

S4

S5S6

corridor air

ambient

Swi5LQI

Tatrium

Tatrium

Tatrium

TatriumTatrium

5H[FKaux

Tcorr ambient

5LQI

5H[FK

atrium aircorridor air

floor

wallsceiling

Tcorr Tcorr

5FRY:5FRY&

5FRY)

NeibMas NeibMas

NeibMas

Corridor is divided into four sections but sharing one airnode;

Section 1 is outmost section, includes additional windowsurface;

Mass nodes also have heat conduction with neighbor massnodes in the same surface, e.g. ceiling mass in section 1 hasheat conduction with ceiling mass in section 2;

Corridor is divided into four sections but sharing one air node; Section 1 is outmost section, includes additional window

surface; Mass nodes also have heat conduction with neighbor mass

nodes in the same surface, e.g. ceiling mass in section 1 has heat conduction with ceiling mass in section 2;

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2495 -

PDLQO\� GULYHQ� E\� ZLQG� DQG� EXR\DQF\� IRUFHV�� L�H��LQYROYLQJ�VWURQJ�FRXSOLQJ�EHWZHHQ�KHDW�DQG�DLU�IORZ��,Q� WKH� SUHVHQW� VWXG\�� WKH� ³RQLRQ´� FRXSOLQJ� PHWKRG��+HQVHQ��������LQ�ZKLFK�WKHUPDO�DQG�IORZ�VLPXODWLRQ�LWHUDWH�RQ�HDFK�WLPH�VWHS�ZDV�LPSOHPHQWHG��

03&�)5$0(:25.��:LWK�UHJDUGV� WR� WKH�XVH�RI�03&�IRU�EXLOGLQJ�HQHUJ\�PDQDJHPHQW�� WKH� VHTXHQFH� IRU� EXLOGLQJ� FOLPDWH�FRQWURO� �H�J�� DLU� WHPSHUDWXUH� VHW�SRLQW�� QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ��LV�IRUPXODWHG�DW�D�JLYHQ�SRLQW�LQ�WLPH�IRU�D�IXWXUH�SODQQLQJ�KRUL]RQ��EDVHG�RQ�WKH�SUHGLFWLRQ�RI�XSFRPLQJ� ZHDWKHU� FRQGLWLRQV�� 7KH� ³RIIOLQH´�GHWHUPLQLVWLF� 03&� IUDPHZRUN� IRU� EXLOGLQJV� ZLWK�PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ� WKDW� ZDV� LPSOHPHQWHG� LQ� WKH�SUHVHQW� VWXG\� LV� LOOXVWUDWHG� LQ�)LJXUH����7KLV�PHWKRG�LV�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�DVVXPSWLRQ�WKDW�IXWXUH�SUHGLFWLRQV�DUH�H[DFW��2OGHZXUWHO�HW�DO�����������

�)LJXUH����)UDPHZRUN�RI�PRGHO�SUHGLFWLYH�FRQWURO�IRU�

PL[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ�

&RVW�IXQFWLRQ�DQG�FRQVWUDLQWV��7KH� JRDO� RI� 03&� IRU� PL[HG�PRGH� EXLOGLQJV� LV� WR�RSWLPL]H� WKH� VZLWFKLQJ� EHWZHHQ� QDWXUDO� DQG�PHFKDQLFDO�FRROLQJ��,Q�WKH�SUHVHQW�VWXG\��WKH�GHFLVLRQ�VSDFH� LV� WKH� RSHUDWLQJ� VFKHGXOH� RI� WKH� PRWRUL]HG�RSHQLQJV�DQG�WKH�REMHFWLYH�LV�WR�PLQLPL]H�HQHUJ\�XVH�ZLWK� FRPIRUW� FRQVWUDLQWV�� 7KH� SUREOHP� FDQ� EH�PDWKHPDWLFDOO\�IRUPXODWHG�DV��0LQLPL]H��𝐽 𝐼�⃗� = 𝐸� � � ��������������6XEMHFW�WR��𝐼�⃗� = {0, 1}���������:VSHHG�����P�V��7GHZ���������&��������7RSH�ϵ�>����&��������&@�GXULQJ�RFFXSDQF\�KRXUV���������7VHWSRLQW�ϵ�>����&������&@�GXULQJ�RFFXSDQF\�KRXUV��ZKHUH��(� LV� WKH�HQHUJ\�FRVW��PHFKDQLFDO�FRROLQJ�DQG�PHFKDQLFDO� IDQ�� GHWHUPLQHG� WKURXJK� HQHUJ\�VLPXODWLRQ��𝐼�⃗�  LV� WKH� YHFWRU� RI� ELQDU\� �RSHQ�FORVH��GHFLVLRQV��IRU�WKH�PRWRUL]HG�RSHQLQJV� 2SWLPDO� GHFLVLRQV� DUH� DOVR� FRQVWUDLQHG� E\� D�PD[LPXP� ZLQG� VSHHG� :VSHHG� �L�H�� ���� P�V���$JJHUKROP�� ������� ,Q� RUGHU� WR� DYRLG� H[FHVVLYH�PRLVWXUH�DFFXPXODWLRQ� LQWR� WKH�EXLOGLQJ�� WKH�RXWVLGH�GHZ�SRLQW�WHPSHUDWXUH�7GHZ�LV�OLPLWHG�WR�������&�±�WKH�VDPH� YDOXH� DSSOLHG� LQ� DLU� HFRQRPL]HU� IRU� KLJK�OLPLW�VKXWRII� FRQWURO� �$6+5$(�� ������� 'XULQJ� RFFXSLHG�KRXUV�������DP�±������SP���WKH�VHW�SRLQW�WHPSHUDWXUH�7VHWSRLQW�LV�DOORZHG�WR�IOXFWXDWH�EHWZHHQ�����&�WR�����&��$6+5$(�� ������� $� W\SLFDO� QLJKWWLPH� VHWEDFN�FRQWURO� VWUDWHJ\� LV� DSSOLHG� ZLWK� D� VHW� SRLQW�WHPSHUDWXUH� UDQJH� IURP� ��� �&� WR� ��� �&�� 7KH�

RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH�7RSH�GXULQJ�WKH�RFFXSLHG�SHULRG�LV� PDLQWDLQHG� EHWZHHQ� ��� �&� DQG� ����� �&���FRUUHVSRQGLQJ� WR� ���� RFFXSDQW� VDWLVIDFWLRQ��$6+5$(�� ������� 7KH� RSHUDWLYH� WHPSHUDWXUH�FRQVWUDLQW� LV� QRW� DSSOLHG� ZKHQ� WKH� EXLOGLQJ� LV� QRW�RFFXSLHG��

2SWLPL]DWLRQ�HQYLURQPHQW�7KH� QDWXUH� RI� WKH� RSWLPL]DWLRQ� SUREOHP� GRHV� QRW�DOORZ�WKH�XVH�RI�WUDGLWLRQDO�JUDGLHQW�RU�SDWWHUQ�VHDUFK�WHFKQLTXHV� WR� ILQG� PLQLPD� DV� WKH� GHFLVLRQ� VSDFH�FRQWDLQV� GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV�� L�H�� WKH� RSHQ�FORVH� ��� RU� ���SRVLWLRQ�RI� WKH�PRWRUL]HG�RSHQLQJV��7KXV�� WKH�PHWD�KHXULVWLF� VHDUFK� WHFKQLTXH� SDUWLFOH� VZDUP�RSWLPL]DWLRQ� �362�� LV� XVHG� WR� VHDUFK� WKH� GHFLVLRQ�VSDFH� IRU� RSWLPDO� VROXWLRQV� �.HQQHG\� HW� DO��� �������362�KDV�DOUHDG\�EHHQ�HPEHGGHG�LQ�*HQ2SW��:HWWHU��������±�DQ�RSWLPL]DWLRQ�PRGXOH�IRU�WKH�PLQLPL]DWLRQ�RI� D� FRVW� IXQFWLRQ� WKDW� LV� HYDOXDWHG� E\� DQ� H[WHUQDO�VLPXODWLRQ�SURJUDP��)LJXUH���VKRZV�WKH�RSWLPL]DWLRQ�HQYLURQPHQW� DQG� WKH� JHQHUDO� VROXWLRQ� DSSURDFK�� ,Q�RQH�JHQHUDWLRQ��SRWHQWLDO�RSHUDWLRQ�VFKHGXOHV��³VHHG´��RI� HQYHORSH� RSHQLQJV� DUH� JHQHUDWHG� E\� WKH� 362�DOJRULWKP� DQG� WKH� VFKHGXOHV� DUH� HYDOXDWHG� LQ�0$7/$%� ZKHUH� WKH� EXLOGLQJ� HQHUJ\� SUHGLFWLRQ�PRGHO� LV� XVHG� WR� HYDOXDWH� WKH� FRVW� IXQFWLRQ��5HVXOWV�DUH� UHDG� EDFN� LQWR� *HQ2SW� DQG� WKH� 362� DOJRULWKP�GHFLGHV� KRZ� WR� SURFHHG� WR� WKH� QH[W� JHQHUDWLRQ� RI�SRWHQWLDO� VFKHGXOHV��7KH� LWHUDWLRQ�FRQWLQXHV�XQWLO� WKH�GHVLUHG� FULWHULD� DUH� UHDFKHG��+RZHYHU�� 362� UHTXLUHV�FDUHIXO�DGMXVWLQJ�RI�SDUDPHWHUV�VXFK�DV�QHLJKERUKRRG�WRSRORJ\�� GHFLVLRQ� VSDFH� GLVFUHWL]DWLRQ�� DQG� VHHGLQJ�WR�DFKLHYH�FRQYHUJHG�UHVXOWV��7KH�DSSURDFK�VXJJHVWHG�E\�.HQQHG\�DQG�(EHUKDUW��������ZDV�DSSOLHG�IRU�WKH�VHWWLQJV�� %DVHG� RQ� WKH� DQDO\VLV� SHUIRUPHG�� WKH� YRQ�1HXPDQQ� QHLJKERUKRRG� WRSRORJ\� PHWKRG� DQG� D�SRSXODWLRQ�VL]H�RI����ZLWK������JHQHUDWLRQV�ZRUNHG�ZHOO�IRU�WKH�RSWLPL]DWLRQ�SUREOHP�LQ�WKLV�VWXG\����

�)LJXUH����2SWLPL]DWLRQ�HQYLURQPHQW�

�)LJXUH����2SWLPL]DWLRQ�KRUL]RQ�

)RU� WKH� FDVHV� XQGHU� FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�� RQH� RSWLPDO�FRQWURO� VHTXHQFH� ZKLFK� LV� WKH� KRXUO\� RSHUDWLRQ�VFKHGXOH� RI� WKH� PRWRUL]HG� RSHQLQJV� LV� IRUPXODWHG�RYHU� D� ���K� SODQQLQJ� KRUL]RQ� EHJLQQLQJ� IURP�������DW� QLJKW� WR� ������ LQ� IROORZLQJ� GD\� �)LJXUH� ���� 7KH�WKHUPDO� KLVWRU\� RI� WKH� EXLOGLQJ� LV� SUHVHUYHG� E\�UXQQLQJ� WKH� VLPXODWLRQV� IRU� D� KLVWRULFDO� KRUL]RQ��

Performance criteria

Optimizer

Sequence of future control inputs

Building

Prediction model and system constraints

Control disturbance

Internal heat gain

Weather forecast

MeasurementEnergy use

Comfort

MATLAB(Energy model)

GenOpt(Optimizer: PSO)

“Seed”

“Cost”Generation 1

Generation 2

Generation 3

Weather data

Weather data

Weather data

19:0020:00 21:00 22:00 ………….

Find optimal operation scheduleuuu u

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2496 -

%DVHG�RQ�LQLWLDO�DQDO\VLV��D�SHULRG�RI�VHYHQ�GD\V�ZDV�IRXQG� WR� EH� VXIILFLHQW� IRU� FDSWXULQJ� WKH� WKHUPDO�PHPRU\�RI�WKH�EXLOGLQJ��

6,08/$7,21�5(68/76�6LPXODWLRQV� ZHUH� SHUIRUPHG� XVLQJ�0RQWUHDO� 70<��GDWD� IRU� VL[� FRQVHFXWLYH� GD\V� �)LJXUH� ��� GXULQJ�VXPPHU� WR� GHPRQVWUDWH� WKH� SRWHQWLDO� SHUIRUPDQFH�ERXQGV� RI� 03&� VWUDWHJLHV� WKURXJK� LWV� FRPSDULVRQ�ZLWK� �D�� � EDVHOLQH� VLPXODWLRQV� �PHFKDQLFDO� FRROLQJ�ZLWK�QLJKW�VHW�EDFN����E��VWDQGDUG�KHXULVWLF�UXOHV�XVHG�LQ�FXUUHQW�SUDFWLFH��7DPE�∈�>��℃����℃@�7GHZ��������℃��:VSHHG�������P�V���7KH�PDLQ�DVVXPSWLRQV�DUH�RXWOLQHG�EHORZ��

0HDQ�YHORFLW\�DQG�WXUEXOHQFH�LQWHQVLW\�ZHUH�QRW�XVHG�LQ�WKH�WKHUPDO�FRPIRUW�HYDOXDWLRQ��

/RFDO� FRQWUROOHUV� ZHUH� LGHDO� VXFK� WKDW� DOO�IHHGEDFN� FRQWUROOHUV� IROORZ� VHW�SRLQWV�H[DFWO\��

,QWHUQDO� KHDW� JDLQV� �RFFXSDQF\�� OLJKWLQJ��ZHUH�QRW�FRQVLGHUHG��

$Q� LGHDOL]HG� PHFKDQLFDO� FRROLQJ� V\VWHP�ZLWK�D�&23�YDOXH�RI�����ZDV�PRGHOHG��

7KH� DQDO\VLV� SUHVHQWHG� LQ� WKLV� SDSHU� LV� OLPLWHG� WR�VRXWKZHVW�RULHQWDWLRQ��DWULXP�]RQH��GXH�WR�WKH�KLJKHU�ULVN�RI�RYHUFRROLQJ�GXULQJ�PRUQLQJ�KRXUV��5HVXOWV�IRU�WKH�RSHUDWLRQ�VFKHGXOH�DUH�SUHVHQWHG�LQ�7DEOH���ZLWK�WKH� GDLO\� HQHUJ\� FRQVXPSWLRQ� DQG� PHDQ� RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH� GHYLDWLRQ� IURP� WKH� GHVLUHG� VKRZQ� LQ�)LJXUH����7KH�PHDQ�RSHUDWLYH� WHPSHUDWXUH�GHYLDWLRQ�LV�REWDLQHG�E\�

��������������������∆𝑇 = ∑ ∆ ∙∆∑ ∆ ����������������������

ZKHUH�ǻ7RSH�LV�WKH�RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH�GHYLDWLRQ��DW�HDFK�WLPH�VWHS��ǻIJ���*HQHUDOO\�� FRPSDUHG� ZLWK� WKH� EDVHOLQH� FDVH�� WKH�PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ� VWUDWHJ\� HIIHFWLYHO\� UHGXFHV�EXLOGLQJ�FRROLQJ�HQHUJ\�E\�����IRU�WKH�KHXULVWLF�FDVH�DQG�����IRU�WKH�03&�FDVH��)LJXUH�����+RZHYHU��WKH�KHXULVWLF� VWUDWHJ\� FDQ� OHDG� WR� PHDQ� RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH� GHYLDWLRQ� XS� WR� ���� �&�� ZKLFK� PD\�GHFUHDVH�WKH�FRPIRUW�DFFHSWDELOLW\�IURP�����WR������2OHVHQ�� ������� 7KLV� SUREOHP� ZDV� DYRLGHG� E\� WKH�03&�RSWLPL]HU�ZLWK�IHZHU�FRROLQJ�KRXUV�DW�QLJKW�RU�HDUO\�PRUQLQJ��'D\�������DQG�����,Q�VXPPDU\��)LJXUH���VKRZV�WKDW�EHWWHU�WKHUPDO�FRPIRUW� LV�DFKLHYHG�ZLWK�WKH�03&�RSWLPL]HU�WKRXJK�WKHUH�ZHUH�SRVVLELOLWLHV�RI�OHVV�FRROLQJ�ORDG�UHGXFWLRQ��L�H��'D\���DQG�����

)XUWKHUPRUH�� WKH� WUDGH�RII� EHWZHHQ� WKHUPDO� FRPIRUW�DQG� FRROLQJ� HQHUJ\� UHGXFWLRQ� UHVXOWHG� LQ� QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ� GXULQJ� KRXUV� ZLWK� ORZHU� WHPSHUDWXUHV�ZLWK�WKH�03&�RSWLPL]HU��ZKLFK�ZHUH�H[FOXGHG�E\�WKH�KHXULVWLF� VWUDWHJ\�� EXW� ZLWK� OHVV� WRWDO� RSHQLQJ� KRXUV��'D\�����

,PSDFW�RI�VKDGLQJ�FRQWURO�%HVLGHV� ORFDO� ZHDWKHU� FRQGLWLRQV�� KLJK� SHUIRUPDQFH�IHDWXUHV� VXFK� DV� VKDGLQJ� FRQWURO�� WKHUPDO�PDVV�� DQG�H[KDXVW� IDQ� DVVLVW� DIIHFWV� WKH� RSWLPDO� FRQWURO�VHTXHQFH� IRU� EXLOGLQJV� ZLWK� PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ��6LPXODWLRQV� ZHUH� SHUIRUPHG� ZLWK� VKDGLQJ� GHYLFHV��UROOHU� VKDGHV� ZLWK� WRWDO� WUDQVPLWWDQFH� RI� ����� DQG�WRWDO� DEVRUSWDQFH� RI� ������� DQG� WKH� IROORZLQJ�KHXULVWLF� FRQWURO� UXOH�� WKH� IDoDGH� ZRXOG� EH� IXOO\�VKDGHG� ZKHQ� WKH� WUDQVPLWWHG� VRODU� LUUDGLDQFH� LV�KLJKHU� WKDQ� ����:�P��� RWKHUZLVH�� WKH� IDoDGH�ZRXOG�QRW� EH� VKDGHG�� 7DEOH� �� OLVWV� WKH� RSHUDWLRQ� VFKHGXOH�IRU� WKH� FDVHV�ZLWK� DQG�ZLWKRXW� VKDGLQJ�ZKLOH� )LJ�� ��VKRZV� UHVXOWV� IRU� WKH� GDLO\� FRROLQJ� HQHUJ\�FRQVXPSWLRQ� DQG� PHDQ� RSHUDWLYH� WHPSHUDWXUH�GHYLDWLRQ���'LIIHUHQW� VFKHGXOHV� DUH� REVHUYHG� GXULQJ� GD\V� ZLWK�KLJK� VRODU� KHDW� JDLQ�� 7KH� 03&� RSWLPL]HU� GLG� QRW�DOORZ� ZDUP� DLU� GUDZQ� LQWR� WKH� EXLOGLQJ� E\� QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ��������a�������IRU�'D\����������a�������IRU� 'D\� ��� WR� DYRLG� LQFUHDVH� RI� WKH� RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH�EH\RQG�WKH�XSSHU�ERXQG��:LWK� VKDGLQJ� FRQWURO�� WKHUH� LV� PRUH� GLUHFW� FRROLQJ�GXULQJ� WKH� GD\�� VLJQLILFDQWO\� UHGXFLQJ� WKH� FRROLQJ�UHTXLUHPHQW�� DQG� OHVV� QDWXUDO� YHQWLODWLRQ� KRXUV� DW�QLJKW� ZKLFK� IXUWKHU� HOLPLQDWHV� WKH� QHHG� IRU�RYHUFRROLQJ�LQ�WKH�PRUQLQJ��)XUWKHUPRUH��GHFUHDVH�RI�VRODU� KHDW� JDLQV� ZLWK� VKDGLQJ� FRQWURO� OHDGV� WR� OHVV�KHDW�VWRUDJH�LQ�EXLOGLQJ�PDVV�DQG�VKRUWHU�IUHH�FRROLQJ�WLPH�LV�QHHGHG�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ�QLJKW��L�H��'D\���DQG�'D\�����

,PSDFW�RI�WKHUPDO�PDVV�0RGHO� SUHGLFWLYH� FRQWURO� VWUDWHJLHV� W\SLFDOO\� VKRZ�JRRG� SHUIRUPDQFH� IRU� G\QDPLF� V\VWHPV� ZKRVH�UHVSRQVH� WLPH� LV� ODUJH�� 7KLV� VHFWLRQ� ORRNV� LQWR� WKH�LPSDFW� RI� WKHUPDO� PDVV� RQ� RSWLPDO� GHFLVLRQV� E\�KDYLQJ�GLIIHUHQW�IORRU�FDSDFLWDQFH�����:K��&ÂP��DQG����:K��&ÂP��� UHSUHVHQWLQJ� D� OLJKW� DQG� KHDY\� IORRU�UHVSHFWLYHO\�� 5HVXOWV� LQGLFDWH� VLJQLILFDQW� GLIIHUHQFHV�LQ� WKH� QLJKW� YHQWLODWLRQ� VFKHGXOHV� REWDLQHG� ZLWK������WKH�SUHGLFWLYH��VWUDWHJ\��FRPSDUHG��WR��WKRVH��EDVHG�RQ��

�)LJXUH����:HDWKHU�FRQGLWLRQV�XVHG�IRU�WKH�VLPXODWLRQ�VWXG\��

0

200

400

600800

1000

0

6

12

1824

30

20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00 Dire

ct n

orm

al ir

radi

ance

, w

/m2

Air t

empe

ratu

re, °

C

Time (20:00 of 8/17 -- 19:00 of 8/23), hour

T_dry T_dew DNI

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2497 -

7DEOH����2SHUDWLRQ�VFKHGXOH�XVLQJ�KHXULVWLF�DQG�03&�VWUDWHJLHV��KRXUV�GXULQJ�ZKLFK�ZLQGRZV�DUH�RSHQ�DUH�LOOXVWUDWHG�E\�FHOOV�ZLWK�GDUN�EDFNJURXQG���

���� �)LJXUH����&RROLQJ�HQHUJ\�FRQVXPSWLRQ��OHIW��DQG�PHDQ�RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH�GHYLDWLRQ��ULJKW��

�7DEOH����2SHUDWLRQ�VFKHGXOH�XVLQJ�KHXULVWLF�DQG�03&�VWUDWHJLHV�ZLWK�VKDGLQJ�FRQWURO��KRXUV�GXULQJ�ZKLFK�

ZLQGRZV�DUH�RSHQ�DUH�LOOXVWUDWHG�E\�FHOOV�ZLWK�GDUN�EDFNJURXQG���

Time 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00

Day 1(8/18)

HeuristicMPC

Day 2(8/19)

HeuristicMPC

Day 3(8/20)

HeuristicMPC

Day 4(8/21)

HeuristicMPC

Day 5(8/22)

HeuristicMPC

Day 6(8/23)

HeuristicMPC

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23

Cool

ing

ener

gy, k

wh

Date

Baseline Heuristic MPC

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23

Ope

rativ

e te

mpe

ratu

re d

evia

tion,

�C

Date

Baseline Heuristic MPC

Time 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00

Day 1(8/18)

HeuristicMPC (No)

MPC (Yes)

Day 2(8/19)

HeuristicMPC (No)

MPC (Yes)

Day 3(8/20)

HeuristicMPC (No)MPC (Yes)

Day 4(8/21)

HeuristicMPC (No)

MPC (Yes)

Day 5(8/22)

HeuristicMPC (No)

MPC (Yes)

Day 6(8/23)

HeuristicMPC (No)

MPC (Yes)

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2498 -

���� �)LJXUH����6LPXODWLRQ�UHVXOWV�IRU�WKH�LPSDFW�RI�VKDGLQJ�FRQWURO��FRROLQJ�HQHUJ\�FRQVXPSWLRQ��OHIW��DQG�PHDQ�

RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH�GHYLDWLRQ��ULJKW�KHXULVWLFV�� :LWK� KHDYLHU� PDVV�� WKH� 03&� RSWLPL]HU�VFKHGXOHG� HLWKHU� ORQJHU� QLJKW� FRROLQJ� KRXUV� RU�FRROLQJ� GXULQJ� KRXUV� ZLWK� ORZ� RXWGRRU� DLU�WHPSHUDWXUHV� DV� KHDYLHU� WKHUPDO� PDVV� VWRUHV� PRUH�KHDW�� $OWKRXJK� WKHUH� LV� QR� VLJQLILFDQW� GLIIHUHQFH� LQ�WKH� RYHUDOO� HQHUJ\� FRQVXPSWLRQ� �)LJXUH� ����� WKH�SUHGLFWLYH� FRQWURO� VWUDWHJ\� UHVXOWV� LQ� ��� SHDN� ORDG�UHGXFWLRQ� LQ� 'D\� �� DQG� �� IRU� WKH� FDVH� ZLWK� KLJKHU�WKHUPDO�PDVV��)LJXUH�������

,PSDFW�RI�H[KDXVW�IDQ�7KLV�VHFWLRQ�LQYHVWLJDWHV�WKH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�H[KDXVW�IDQ�RQ�RSWLPDO�FRQWURO�VWUDWHJLHV�IRU�PL[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ��,Q� WKLV� FDVH�� WKH�03&�RSWLPL]HU� VHHNV� WKH� RSHUDWLRQ�VFKHGXOH�IRU�PRWRUL]HG�RSHQLQJV�DQG�WKH�IORZ�UDWH�IRU�WKH� H[KDXVW� IDQ�� 7KH� FRVW� IXQFWLRQ� DOVR� LQFOXGHV� WKH�H[KDXVW�IDQ�HQHUJ\�FRQVXPSWLRQ��

0LQLPL]H��𝐽 𝐼�⃗� = 𝐸 + 𝐸 � �����������������������������7KH� RSHUDWLRQ� RI� WKH� H[KDXVW� IDQ� ZDV� UHVWULFWHG� WR�XQRFFXSLHG�KRXUV�ZKHQ�WKH�PRWRUL]HG�RSHQLQJV�ZHUH�RSHQ�� 7KH� FRPSDULVRQ� EHWZHHQ� FDVHV� ZLWK� DQG�ZLWKRXW� WKH� H[KDXVW� IDQ� LV� UHVWULFWHG� WR� XQRFFXSLHG�KRXUV��SODQQLQJ�KRUL]RQ��������±���������7DEOH���OLVWV�WKH� RSWLPDO� GHFLVLRQV� IRU� WKH� WZR� FDVHV� DQG� VKRZV�WKDW� OHVV�FRROLQJ�KRXUV�DUH�UHTXLUHG�ZLWK�WKH�H[KDXVW�IDQ�� 5HVXOWV� IRU� WKH� IORZ� UDWH� DQG� SUHVVXUH� GURS�WKURXJK� WKH� RSHQLQJV� VKRZ� WKDW� WKH� H[KDXVW� IDQ�VWUHQJWKHQV�WKH�DLUIORZ�LQWR�EXLOGLQJ��)LJXUH������

�)LJXUH�����2SWLPL]DWLRQ�KRUL]RQ�IRU�WKH�FDVH�ZLWK�

H[KDXVW�IDQ�DVVLVW�

&21&/86,216�7KH� SDSHU� SUHVHQWV� DQ� 03&� IUDPHZRUN� DQG�GHPRQVWUDWHV� RSWLPDO� FRQWURO� VHTXHQFHV� IRU� PL[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ��ZLQGRZ�RSHQLQJ��IDQ�DVVLVW��DQG�QLJKW�FRROLQJ�� FRRUGLQDWHG� ZLWK� WKH� RSHUDWLRQ� RI� VKDGLQJ�GHYLFHV�IRU�WKH�FRQWURO�RI�VRODU�JDLQV��LQ�D�PXOWL�]RQH�

EXLOGLQJ� RSWLPDOO\� GHVLJQHG� IRU� QDWXUDO� YHQWLODWLRQ��ZLWK� KLJK� OHYHOV� RI� H[SRVHG� WKHUPDO� PDVV� DQG� D�KLJKO\� JOD]HG� DWULXP� IDoDGH� WKDW� DVVLVWV� EXR\DQF\�GULYHQ� IORZV�� $� VLPXODWLRQ� VWXG\� RI� WKH� EXLOGLQJ�RSHUDWLRQ� RYHU� D� SHULRG� RI� VL[� FRQVHFXWLYH� VXPPHU�GD\V�ZDV�FRQGXFWHG�XVLQJ�0RQWUHDO�70:��GDWD�DQG�WKH�IROORZLQJ�FRQFOXVLRQV�FDQ�EH�GUDZQ���� )RU� WKH� VLPXODWLRQ�SHULRG� FRQVLGHUHG� LQ� WKH�

SUHVHQW� VWXG\�� PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ�VWUDWHJLHV� HIIHFWLYHO\� UHGXFHG� EXLOGLQJ�HQHUJ\�FRQVXPSWLRQ�E\�����ZKHQ�GHFLVLRQV�ZHUH�PDGH�EDVHG�RQ�KHXULVWLFV�DQG�����IRU�DQWLFLSDWRU\� FRQWURO��+RZHYHU�� WKH� KHXULVWLF�VWUDWHJ\� FDQ� OHDG� WR� D� PHDQ� RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH� GHYLDWLRQ� XS� WR� ���� �&�� ZKLFK�PD\�GHFUHDVH�WKH�FRPIRUW�DFFHSWDELOLW\�IURP����� WR� ����� 2Q� WKH� RWKHU� KDQG�� WKH�SUHGLFWLYH� FRQWURO� VWUDWHJ\� PDLQWDLQHG� WKH�RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH�LQ�GHVLUHG�UDQJH��

�� 7KH�FRRUGLQDWHG�XVH�RI�SUHGLFWLYH�FRQWURO�IRU�PL[HG�PRGH�FRROLQJ�DQG�VKDGLQJ�GHYLFHV�LQ�EXLOGLQJ� ]RQHV� ZLWK� KLJK� VRODU� JDLQV�VLJQLILFDQWO\� DIIHFWV� WKH� QDWXUDO� YHQWLODWLRQ�VFKHGXOHV� DQG� UHVXOWV� LQ� KLJKHU� HQHUJ\�VDYLQJV��

�� )RU� WKH� ZHDWKHU� FRQGLWLRQV� FRQVLGHUHG� LQ�WKLV� VWXG\�� WKH� SUHGLFWLYH� FRQWURO� VWUDWHJ\�UHVXOWV� LQ� ��� SHDN� ORDG� UHGXFWLRQ� IRU� WKH�FDVH�ZLWK�KLJKHU�WKHUPDO�PDVV��

7KH�RSWLPDO�FRQWURO�VHTXHQFHV�SUHVHQWHG�LQ�WKLV�SDSHU�DOWKRXJK� OLPLWHG� WR� D� VKRUW� SHULRG� RI� WLPH�GHPRQVWUDWH� LQWHOOLJHQW� PRGH� VZLWFKLQJV� ZLWK�VXSHULRU� RYHUDOO� SHUIRUPDQFH� WKDW� DUH� VLJQLILFDQWO\�GLIIHUHQW�WKDQ�WKRVH�EDVHG�RQ�KHXULVWLFV�DQG�FRXOG�QRW�KDYH� EHHQ� GHYHORSHG� ZLWKRXW� WKH� XVH� RI� DQ�RSWLPL]DWLRQ� DOJRULWKP� DQG� D� FDUHIXO� WXQHG� EXLOGLQJ�PRGHO� WKDW�FDSWXUHV� WKH�UHOHYDQW� WKHUPDO�DQG�DLUIORZ�G\QDPLFV� �FRQYHFWLYH� KHDW� WUDQVSRUW� IURP� PDVVLYH�IORRU� VODEV�� DLU� H[FKDQJH� EHWZHHQ� ]RQHV�� QDWXUDO�YHQWLODWLRQ� IORZ� UDWHV�� LQ� PXOWL�]RQH� EXLOGLQJV� ZLWK�PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ�� $OWKRXJK� WKLV� DSSURDFK�����������LV�FRPSXWDWLRQDOO\�H[SHQVLYH��LW�DOORZV�VLPXODWLRQ�RI�

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23

Cool

ing

ener

gy, k

wh

Date

Heuristic: no shade MPC: no shade

Heuristic: shade MPC: shade

Heating

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23Ope

rativ

e te

mpe

ratu

re d

evia

tion,

�C

Date

Heuristic: no shade MPC: no shadeHeuristic: shade MPC: shade

07:0020:00 21:00 22:00 ………….

Find optimal natural/mech. ventilation schedule

U,qU,qU,q U,q

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2499 -

������� �)LJXUH�����6LPXODWLRQ�UHVXOWV�IRU�WKH�LPSDFW�RI�WKHUPDO�PDVV��FRROLQJ�HQHUJ\�FRQVXPSWLRQ��OHIW��DQG�PHDQ�

RSHUDWLYH�WHPSHUDWXUH�GHYLDWLRQ��ULJKW��

�)LJXUH�����&RROLQJ�ORDG�SURILOH�IRU�GLIIHUHQW�WKHUPDO�PDVV�

7DEOH����0RWRUL]HG�RSHQLQJV�DQG�H[KDXVW�IDQ�RSHUDWLRQ�VFKHGXOH�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�03&�RSWLPL]HU�

������ �)LJXUH�����0DVV�IORZ�UDWH�DQG�SUHVVXUH�GLIIHUHQFH�DFURVV�WRS�OHYHO�RSHQLQJV��6(�DQG�1:�RULHQWDWLRQ��ZLWK�DQG�

ZLWKRXW�H[KDXVW�IDQ��

RSWLPDO� FRQWURO� VHTXHQFHV� LQ� FRQVLGHUDWLRQ� RI� ERWK�HQHUJ\� RSWLPL]DWLRQ� DQG� FRPIRUW� PDLQWHQDQFH� DQG�SURYLGHV�LQVLJKW�LQWR�WKH�UHOHYDQFH�RI�GLIIHUHQW�GHVLJQ�DQG� FRQWURO� SDUDPHWHUV�� &XUUHQW� UHVHDUFK� HIIRUWV� DUH�IRFXVHG�RQ� WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI� VLPSOLILHG�PRGHOV� LQ�FRPSDFW� DQG� IOH[LEOH� IRUP� �VXFK� DV� WKRVH� EDVHG� RQ�VWDWH�VSDFH� UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ�� ZKLFK� DUH� QHFHVVDU\� IRU�UHDO�WLPH�DSSOLFDWLRQ�RI�DQWLFLSDWRU\�FRQWURO�VWUDWHJLHV�LQ�EXLOGLQJV��7KHVH�PRGHOV�FDQ�EH�HDVLO\�H[WHQGHG�WR�LQFRUSRUDWH� XQFHUWDLQW\� GXH� WR� ZHDWKHU� IRUHFDVW� DQG�IDFLOLWDWH�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�UREXVW�FRQWURO�VWUDWHJLHV��

+RZHYHU��WKHVH�VLPSOLILFDWLRQV�ZRXOG�QRW�EH�SRVVLEOH�ZLWKRXW� WKH�GHWDLOHG�PRGHO�DQG� WKH�03&�IUDPHZRUN�GHYHORSHG�LQ�WKH�SUHVHQW�VWXG\��DV�PRGHO�FRPSOH[LW\�LV�QRW�NQRZQ�D�SULRUL��

$&.12:/('*(0(17�7KLV� ZRUN� LV� IXQGHG� E\� WKH� 3XUGXH� 5HVHDUFK�)RXQGDWLRQ��DQG�WKH�(QHUJ\�(IILFLHQW�%XLOGLQJV�+XE��DQ� HQHUJ\� LQQRYDWLRQ� +8%� VSRQVRUHG� E\� WKH�'HSDUWPHQW� RI� (QHUJ\� XQGHU� $ZDUG� 1XPEHU� '(�((���������

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23

Cool

ing

ener

gy, k

wh

Date

Heuristic: light MPC: light

Heuristic: heavy MPC: heavy

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23

Ope

rativ

e te

mpe

ratu

re d

evia

tion,

�C

Date

Heuristic: light MPC: light

Heuristic: heavy MPC: heavy

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00 20:00

Cool

ing

load

, kW

Time (20:00 of 8/17 -- 19:00 of 8/23), hour

Heuristic: light Heuristic: heavy MPC: light MPC: heavy

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

20:00 23:00 2:00 5:00 8:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00

Ener

gy, k

Wh

Time (20:00 of 8/17 -- 19:00 of 8/23), hour

Heuristic: light Heuristic: heavy

MPC: light MPC: heavy

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

20:00 23:00 2:00 5:00 8:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00

Ener

gy, k

Wh

Time (20:00 of 8/17 -- 19:00 of 8/23), hour

Heuristic: light Heuristic: heavy

MPC: light MPC: heavy

Time 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00

Day 5(8/22)

M. (NoF)M. (Fan) (0) (0.5) (0.5) (0)

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

20:00 23:00 2:00 5:00 8:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00

Pres

sure

diff

eren

ce, P

a

Mas

s flo

w ra

te, k

g/s

Time (20:00 of 8/21 -- 19:00 of 8/22), hour

FlowRate: MPC (No fan) FlowRate: MPC (fan)

dP: MPC (no fan) dP: MPC (fan)

SE --> SE3

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

20:00 23:00 2:00 5:00 8:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00

Pres

sure

diff

eren

ce, P

a

Mas

s flo

w ra

te, k

g/s

Time (20:00 of 8/21 -- 19:00 of 8/22), hour

FlowRate: MPC (No fan) FlowRate: MPC (fan)

dP: MPC (no fan) dP: MPC (fan)

NW --> NW3

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2500 -

5()(5(1&(6�$JJHUKROP�� 6��� ������ 7HFKQLFDO� UHSRUW�� +\EULG�

9HQWLODWLRQ�DQG�&RQWURO�6WUDWHJLHV� LQ� WKH�$QQH[���� &DVH� 6WXGLHV�� ,QWHUQDWLRQDO� (QHUJ\� $JHQF\��(QHUJ\� &RQVHUYDWLRQ� LQ� %XLOGLQJV� DQG�&RPPXQLW\� 6\VWHPV�� 'DQLVK� %XLOGLQJ� DQG�8UEDQ�5HVHDUFK��'HQPDUN����S��

$6+5$(��������$16,�$6+5$(�,(6�6WDQGDUG������������(QHUJ\�VWDQGDUG�IRU�EXLOGLQJV�H[FHSW�ORZ�ULVH� UHVLGHQWLDO� EXLOGLQJV�� $WODQWD�� $PHULFDQ�6RFLHW\� RI� +HDWLQJ�� $LU�&RQGLWLRQLQJ� DQG�5HIULJHUDWLRQ�(QJLQHHUV��,QF��

$6+5$(�� ������ $16,�$6+5$(�,(6� 6WDQGDUG� ��������� 7KHUPDO� HQYLURQPHQWDO� FRQGLWLRQV� IRU�KXPDQ�RFFXSDQF\��$WODQWD��$PHULFDQ�6RFLHW\�RI�+HDWLQJ�� $LU�&RQGLWLRQLQJ� DQG� 5HIULJHUDWLRQ�(QJLQHHUV��,QF��

%UDJHU��*���%RUJHVRQ��6���/HH��<���������6XPPDU\�UHSRUW��FRQWURO�VWUDWHJLHV�IRU�PL[HG�PRGH�EXLOGLQJV��7HFKQLFDO�5HSRUW��8QLYHUVLW\�RI�&DOLIRUQLD��%HUNHOH\��&$��&HQWHU�IRU�WKH�%XLOW�(QYLURQPHQW����S��

&RIIH\�� %��� ������ 8VLQJ� EXLOGLQJ� VLPXODWLRQ� DQG�RSWLPL]DWLRQ� WR� FDOFXODWH� ORRNXS� WDEOHV� IRU�FRQWURO�� 3K�'�� 7KHVLV�� 8QLYHUVLW\� RI� &DOLIRUQLD��%HUNHOH\��&$�����S��

+HQVHQ��-�/�0���������$�FRPSDULVRQ�RI�FRXSOHG�DQG�GHFRXSOHG�VROXWLRQV�IRU�WHPSHUDWXUH�DQG�DLU�IORZ�LQ� D� EXLOGLQJ��$6+5$(�7UDQVDFWLRQV�� YRO�� �����QR�������SDJHV�

+X��-���.DUDYD��3��������� �0RGHOLQJ�DQG�DQDO\VLV� IRU�PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ� RI� EXLOGLQJV�� �����$QQXDO�$6+5$(� FRQIHUHQFH� LQ� 6DQ�$QWRQLR��7;�� -XO\�������

.DUDYD�� 3��� $WKLHQLWLV�� $�.��� 6WDWKRSRXORV�� 7���0RXULNL�� (��� ������ ([SHULPHQWDO� VWXG\� RI� WKH�

WKHUPDO� SHUIRUPDQFH� RI� D� ODUJH� LQVWLWXWLRQDO�EXLOGLQJ� ZLWK� PL[HG�PRGH� FRROLQJ� DQG� K\EULG�YHQWLODWLRQ�� %XLOGLQJ� DQG� (QYLURQPHQW�� YRO�� ����QR��������������

.HQQHG\� -��� (EHUKDUW�� 5�&��� 6KL�� <��� ������ 6ZDUP�LQWHOOLJHQFH��0RUJDQ�.DXIPDQQ�3XEOLVKHUV��

0D\�2VWHQGRUS�� 3��� +HQ]H�� *�3��� &RUELQ�� &�'���5DMDJRSDODQ�� %��� )HOVPDQQ�� &��� ������ 0RGHO�SUHGLFWLYH�FRQWURO�RI�PL[HG�PRGH�EXLOGLQJV�ZLWK�UXOH� H[WUDFWLRQ�� %XLOGLQJ� DQG� (QYLURQPHQW�� YRO������QR�����S������������

2OGHZXUWHO�� )��� 3DULVLR�� $��� -RQHV�� &�1��� *\DOLVWUDV��'��*ZHUGHU�� 0��� 6WDXFK�� 9��� /HKPDQQ�� %���0RUDUL�� 0��� ������ 8VH� RI� PRGHO� SUHGLFWLYH�FRQWURO�DQG�ZHDWKHU�IRUHFDVWV�IRU�HQHUJ\�HIILFLHQW�EXLOGLQJ� FOLPDWH� FRQWURO�� (QHUJ\� DQG�%XLOGLQJV��YRO������QR�����S��������

2OHVHQ� %�:��� ������ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO� VWDQGDUGV� IRU� WKH�LQGRRU� HQYLURQPHQW��ZKHUH� DUH�ZH�� DQG�GR� WKH\�DSSO\� ZRUOGZLGH"� $YDLODEOH� DW�KWWS���ZZZ�DVKUDH�RUJ�VJ�2OHVHQB,QWHUQDWLRQDOB6WDQGDUGVBLQGRRUBHQYLURQPHQW�SGI��

6SLQGOHU�� +�&��� 1RUIRUG�� /�.��� ����E�� 1DWXUDOO\�YHQWLODWHG� DQG� PL[HG�PRGH� EXLOGLQJV� ±� SDUW� LL��RSWLPDO�FRQWURO��%XLOGLQJ�DQG�(QYLURQPHQW��YRO������QR��������������

6WXDUW�� :�'��� :DOWRQ�� *��� 'HQWRQ�� .��� ������&217$0:� ���� 8VHU� 0DQXDO�� *DLWKHUVEXUJ��0'��1,67��

:HWWHU� 0��� ������ *HQ2SW�5�� *HQHULF� 2SWLPL]DWLRQ�3URJUDP��8VHU�0DQXDO�9HUVLRQ��������6LPXODWLRQ�5HVHDUFK� *URXS�� %XLOGLQJ� 7HFKQRORJLHV�'HSDUWPHQW�� (QYLURQPHQWDO� (QHUJ\�7HFKQRORJLHV� 'LYLVLRQ�� /DZUHQFH� %HUNHOH\�1DWLRQDO�/DERUDWRU\��%HUNHOH\��&$�����S��

Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, August 26-28

- 2501 -