PROCESS AND OPERATIONS REVIEW: THERMAL DESORPTIONS is the slope in m\m 2.2.2 INDIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBER Indirect-fired rotary desorbers ( IDFRDs) are similar to DFRDs with one

$Page 1: PROCESS AND OPERATIONS REVIEW: THERMAL DESORPTIONS is the slope in m\m 2.2.2 INDIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBER Indirect-fired rotary desorbers ( IDFRDs) are similar to DFRDs with one$
PROCESS & OPERATIONS

REVIEW:

THERMAL DESORPTION

TABL3 OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 .0 PROCESS OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.1 DESORPTION VARIABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 . 2 DESORPTION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.2.1 DIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBERS . . . . . . . 3

2 . 2 . 2 INDIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBERS . . . . . . 5

2 . 2 . 3 DIRECT AND INDIRECT-FIRED HEATED CONVEYORS . 6

3.0 DEMONSTRATED TECHNOLOGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.1 ROY F. WESTON,LOW TEMPERATURE THERMAL TREATMENT ( L T 3 ) . . . . . . 9

3.2 CANONIE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CORP.LOW TEMPERATURE THERMAL AERATION ( L T T A ) . . . . . 11

3.3 SOILTECH INC.ANAEROBIC THERMAL PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY (ATP) . . . 13

3 .4 OTHER SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4 .0 ADDITIONAL SOURCES/PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . -7

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 2.1DESIGN/OPERATION PARAMETERSDIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

TABLE 2 . 2TYPICAL DESIGN/OPERATION PARAMETERSINDIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

TABLE 3 . 1 . 1MOISTURE vs. COSTLT- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

TABLE 3 . 1 . 2OPERATION DATALT^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

TABLE 3 . 2OPERATION DATALTTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

TABLE 3 .3OPERATION DATAA T P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

TABLE 3 . 4DESIGN/OPERATION DATAX*TRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

PROCESS REVIEWTHERMAL DESORPTION TECHNOLOGY

1 . 0 INTRODUCTION

This report: presents an overview thermal desorption

technology with special emphasis on the operating characteristics

of systems that have been demonstrated in the fi°ld. Much of the

data presented in this report was developed from reports and

projects funded by the U . S . Environmental Protection Agency

( E P A ) .

The thermal desorption systems discussed in this report

participated in EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation

( S I T E ) program. Actual data resulting from the demonstration of

Roy F . Weston, I n c . ' s Low Temperature Thermal Treatment were

reviewed and presented because the SITE Applications Analysis

Report ( A A R ) for this technology was available at EPA's Region 6

library.

AARs for Rust Remedial Service's X*TRAC system, Canonie's

Low Temperature Thermal Aeration system. International

Technology's Rotary Thermal Apparatus, and Soil Tech's Anaerobic

Thermal Processor have not been finalized. However, performance

data for these systems were summarized in a report sponsored by

EPA entitled Innovative_Site Remediarion TechnoloQy Thermal

Desorption.

2 . 0 PROCESS OVERVIEW

Thermal desorption is generally an exsitu process designed

to separate organic compounds from soils, sediments and sludges.

(EPA 1 9 9 2 a , 3 ) The thermal desorotion process transfers heat to

the solid waste particles in order to volatilize the

contaminants. Air, combustion gas, or inert gas is used to

transfer volatilized contaminanrs through tne system.

EPA 1 9 9 2 a , 3 )

2 . 1 DESORPTION VARIABLES

Desoption systems are designed to transfer heal: to the solid

contaminated media and transfer contaminants within the solid

media to the gas. Thermal desorption researchers have

demonstrated that contaminant removal is highly dependent on:

temperature, soil matrix, contaminant characteristics, and-

moisture content. (Anderson, 3 . 4 )

Anderson noted that the research shows that modest increases

in temperature greatly decrease contaminant concentrations in the

treated waste. Soil matrices that consist predominately of

coarse particles such as sand will desorb contaminants easier

than clays and silts. The research also shows that some

contaminants will bind more strongly to soils than others and

that increased moisture reduces the capacity of contaminants to

adsorb on soils with high mineral contents (silts and cla y s ) .

(Anderson, 3 . 4 ) However, higher moisture contents in the waste

require more heat, and thus greater cost, to achieve the

temperature in the waste ma-cnx required to desorb contaminants.

(Anderson; 3 . 2 - 2 . 3 , 3 . 4 6 , ' Finallv, Anderson notes that the

research shows that it is much harder to remove the final 10% of

the contaminant than the first 90% due to the tendency of soils

to hold monolayers of contaminant its surface. (Anderson, 3 . 4 )

Clearly, the most important factors in the successful

operation of thermal desorption systems is residence time and

temperature. These ^wo important operation variables must be set

to address both the physical and chemical characteristics of the

contaminants and the structure of the waste matrix.

2 . 2 DESORPTION SYSTEMS

The American Academy of Environmental Engineers has

identified three distinct classes of thermal desorption systems:

( 1 ) direct-fired rotary desorbers, ( 2 ) indirect-fired rotary

desorbers, and ( 3 ) direct or indirect-heated conveyor systems.

(Anderson, 3 . 1 )

2 . 2 . 1 DIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBERS

The typical direct-fired rotary desorber ( D F R D ) consist of

three components: pretreatment and material handling systems, the

desoption system, and posttreatment of the gas and solids.

Pretreatment may consist of screening to remove large particles/

dewatering and blending. Posttreatment may include systems to

clean contaminant laden gases and cool the treated solids.

(Anderson, 3 . 1 1 - 3 . 1 2 )

The DFRD typically consist of a metal drum that is slightly

inclined Contaminated material passes through the cylindrical

drum where it is heaied witn a direct flame and/or combustion

gases. Propane, natural gas. or fuel oil is used 10 fire the

burner. Residence time in DFRDs is controlled by the cylinder

length/diameter ratio, rotation rate, anale of inclination, and

lifter design ( i f lifters are used i . Lifters may be attached to

the inside of the cylinder to en-iance gas/solid contact.

(Anderson, 3 . 1 2 '<

Typical design and operating characteristics for DFRDs are

depicted in Table 2 . 1 below. (Anderson. 3 . 1 4 - 3 . 2 6 )

TABLE 2.1DESIGN/OPERATION PARAMETERS

DIRECT-FIRED RO'lARY DESORBER

TABLE 2.1

CHARACTERISTIC

1 Heat Inputi

Length/Diameter Ratio

Rotation Speed

Max. Solid OperatingTemp.

Max. Solid OperatingTemp.

11————————-———————1| Residence Tune

Max. Particle Size

TYPICALDESIGN/OPERATING

PARAMETERS

7 - 100 MM BTU/hr

2:1 - 10:1

0.25 - 10 rev/min

600 - 650 Deg. F

1200 Deg. F

10 - 30 min.

2 - 2 . 5 in.

REMARKS

Max heat input required,typically 25,000 Btu/hr

per cubic foot ofinternal kiln volume

None

None i

Kiln constructed withcarbon steel

Alloy steel

None

None

The solid residence time may be controlled by adjusting the

rotation rate, the feed rate. and the angle of inclination.

Residence Lime ( t ) is described by the following equation.

t = 0 . 19 4 ___f r o m ) ( D ) ( S )

where:

L.i is length of ;<iln in meters

rpm is revolutions per minute

D is the internal diameter ( I D ) in meters

S is the slope in m\m

2 . 2 . 2 INDIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBER

Indirect-fired rotary desorbers ( IDFRDs) are similar to

DFRDs with one exception, the combustion gases do not come into

contact with the waste that is being treated. The metal rotary

shell is generally heated on the outside by heat generated from

the combustion of natural gas or propane. The hot metal shell

indirectly heats me waste matrix that is tumbling on the inside

of the unit. A sweep gas is used to facilitate the movement of

volatilized organics and water through the system. Like DFRDs,

residence time is controlled by varying rotation speed, the angle

of inclination, lifter design, and the feed rate.

Anderson describes typical design and operating

characteristics that are summarized in Table 2 . 2 . (Anderson, 3 . 2 7

- 3 . 3 2 )

TABLE 2 . 2TYPICAL DESIGN/OPERATION PARAMETERS

INDIRECT-FIRED ROTARY DESORBERS

CHARACTERISTIC

Hear: Input

Lengtn

Diameter

Rotation Soeed

Inclination Angle

Max. Operating Temp.

Residence Time

Nominal Feed Rates

Max. Particle Size

Max. Oraanic Cone.

[ . . . ——; Moisture -Jonient

TABLE 2 . 2

TYPICALDESIGN/OPERATION

PARAMETERS

NA

< 45 ft.

< 3 ft.

2 . 5 rev,'mm max.

1 - 2 degrees

600 Dec. F

30 - 120 min.

5 - 8 Ton/hr

2 - 2 . 5 in.

< 1C %

< 40 %

REMARKS

1None

1

None

None

None

Downward toward exit

None

None

None

None ;

High concentrations cancause plugging andstick to surfaces

20% considered ideal,less than 5 % may cause

dusting problems.Processing rates

lowered if moistureexceeds 40 %

2 . 2 . 3 DIRECT AND INDIRECT-PIPED HEATED CONVEYORS

Direct-Fired Heated Conveyors (DFHCs) and Indirect-Fired

Heated Conveyors (IDFHCs ) also consist of the three basis

subsystems: pretreatment, desorption, and posttreatment of the

off gases and treated solids. The maximum size of particles that

can be treated with HCs varies according to the type of conveyor

7

used to transport the waste through the system. The maximum

particle size for screw conveyors is based on the screw diameter

and size distribution of the particles. (Andersen, 3 . 3 6 ) For

example, Xulwiec fqtd. in Anderson) reports that a 4 inch

diameter screw conveyor has a particle size limitation of 0 . 5

inches and a 24 inch conveyor has a particle size limitation of

4 . 0 inches, assuming 25% lumps i e . g . rocks and other non-fire

material). Similar limitations apply to disc or paddle-type

conveyors. Belt-type conveyors are limited to treating the

minimum size of particle required to prevent excessive sieving

through che belt. (Anderson, 3 . 3 6 ) Post'creatmem: of offgases and

solids is accomplished similar to DFRDs.

DFHCs typically use electric resistance heaters imbedded

within the conveyor, or either combustion sources or radiant

heaters located in the open space above the conveyor. Off gas

volume is minimized if electric heating systems are used.

(Anderson, 3 . 3 3 )

IDHCs generate heat outside the main process desorber in a

separate, secondary process unit. Heat is transferred to the

waste via a media that is in contact with the conveyor. The

source of heat can be the combustion of a common fuel such as

natural gas or propane or waste heat from other processes.

Various media used to transfer heat to the conveyor include

steam, special heat transfer fluids, and eutectic salts.

(Anderson, 3 . 3 4 )

8

SizinG or -.eared convevcrs i HCs ) is dependent upon heat

transfer calculations. Discharc;0 ":emDeraturas are determined bv

considering the overall heat-transfer coefficient from the heat

source to the contaminated media. The balancinq of operating

temperatures, retention times, and conveyor size depends on the

type of convevor and the heating method- fAnderson, 3 . 3 8 )

The retention times for HCs are determined by the volumetric

feed rate of the contaminated media and the sys tem's conveying

velocity. Retention times for belt systems are limited by bed

depth due to the need to uniformally heat the contaminated media

to promote volatilization of the contaminants. Belt speed also

plays a critical role in retention time. Throughput of screw

conveyors can be varied with rotational speed, diameter, and

flight pitch. fAnderson, 3 . 3 8 )

The available data are insufficient to describe typical

design and operation parameters for HCs. The only specific HC

system evaluated in this report is Roy F. Wes ton ' s Low

Temperature Thermal Treatment System. Detailed design and

operation data for the Low Temperature Thermal Treatment System

are described in detail in the following section of this report.

3 . 0 DEMONSTRATED TECHNOLOGIES

As discussed in Section 1 . 0 , available operations data for

thermal desorption technologies are primarily limited to systems

that have participated in E P A ' s SITE Program. Detailed data

typically found in SITE applications analysis reports were only

available for Western's Low Temperature Thermal Treatment System.

Data for other systems were abstracted from project and

technology summaries available in other sources.

3 . 1 ROY F . WESTON,

LOW TEMPERATURE THERMAL TREATMENT (LT 3)

The LT- system is an indirect-fired conveyor system that

thermally desorbs organic compounds from contaminated soil

without heating the soil to combustion temperatures. The thermal

processor consist of two Jacketed troughs, on above the other.

Each trough houses four intermeshed, hollow-screw conveyors. The

conveyors move soil across the upper trough of the thermal

processor until the soil drops onto the lower trough. The soil

then travels across the processor and exits the same end it

entered. Hot oil circulates through the hollow screws and-trough

Jackets and acts as a heat transfer fluid.

The burner heats the circulating oil to an operating

temperature of 400 to 650 degrees F . Combustion gases released

from the burner are used as sweep gas in the thermal processor.

A fan draws sweep gas and desorbed organics from the thermal

processor into a fabric filter. Exhaust gas from the fabric

filter is drawn into an air-cooled condenser to remove most of

the water vapor and organics.

The cost per ton of soil treated is dependent on the

moisture content of the contaminated soil. These cost are

summarized in Table 3 . 1 . 1 .

TABLE 3 - 1 . 1MOISTURE ys . COST

LT3

TABLE 3 .1 .1

MOISTURECONTENT (%)

COST ((/TON)

20 373.00

45 536.85

75 724.75

The LT' system has been utilized at several different sites

A summary of the operating conditions utilized in each of these

projects is summarized as follows.

TABLE 3 . 1 . 2OPERATION DATA

LT3

! TABLE 3.1.2

SITE

Adrian, MI

Springfield,111

Tinker AFB

SCALE

Pull

Full

Full

TREATMENTCONDITIONS

Temperature:500 - 530 c?Residence Time:90 minutesProcessing Rate:2.1 Tons/hr

Temperature:350 "FResidence Time:70 nun

Processing Rate:9 tons/hr

SOIL

sludge& clay

NS

clay

AMOUNTTREATED

80 Tons

NS

3,000cubicyards

CONTAM-INANTS

VOCs,SVOCs

NS

VOCs,SVOCs,chlor.

solvents,JP4 fuel

11

i SITE

fLetterkennyArmy Depot

EnvironmentalTechnologyLaboratory

ColoradoSprings, CO

SCALE

Pilot

Bench

Bench

TABLE 3 . 1 .

TREATMENTt CONDITIONS

Temperature:320 :?Residence Time:60 min

Temperature:250 - 450 ^FResidence Time:30 - 50 min

Temperature:400 'FResidence Time;44 min

2

SOIL

NS

NS

NS

.AMOUNTTREATED

7 tons

NS

NS

CONTAM-INANTS

VOCs

VOCs,SVOCs,

PAHs, CoalTar, 1

PetroleumHydrocarb/Oil andGrease

Chlor. iBenzene

;fS - 10: 33iCl:li:

3 . 2 CANONIE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CORP.LOW TEMPERATURE THERMAL AERATION

(LTTA)

This DFRD system consist of a materials dryer ( d e s o r b e r ) ,

pug mill, two cyclonic separators, a baghouse, a wet Venturi

scrubber, a liquid-phase granular activated carbon ( G A C ) column,

and two vapor phase GAC beds. Contaminated soils in the

materials dryer are heated by a parallel-flow hot air stream

heated by a propane/fuel oil burner. The materials dryer is a

rotating drum equipped with longitudinal flights of soil mixing.

(Federal Round Table, 9 4 )

Anderson provides some data where this system was

demonstrated at several sites and is summarized as follows.

(Anderson, 5 . 1 - 5 . 4 )

TABLE 3 . 2OPERATION DATA

LTTA

SITE

:•':,!;•1 3 'i

1

1——————

1:::: i 3oss

1 3---e

Caanon3r idae»are r

3.:e

CONTAMINANT

) 3 3 3 3 cs""I C E ,

> 120 ppitP C S ,

) 19 ODII 7CA

4o'i; psi ?::;.1 , 2 0 0 ?:s

"C!.i " n »^T '"/'>1' L Up.!; ..A.

3 , ^ 0 3 OC3

:3iue:e,140 ?p!l

e t h T l a e ^ z e s e

4 6 1 COB VOCs

————————

VOLUMETREATED

(YD1)

ll . i '3; '

1 , i^

1 1 , 0 0 0

TABLE 3.2

TEMP.(°F)

^ -' .'

]30 - 4 0 3

i50 - 500

RESIDNCETIME(min)

3 - 3

3S

IS '11 J

RESIDUALCONC.

< 0 . 3 4 ssnTCS.

< 3 . 3 2 ?DIIPCS,"

< 3 . 0 2 ?BB•'fi

< 0 . 0 2 5 333

T C E , PC!,T C A .

J . l l ppl:oluene,

0 . 0 2 5e t h y l b e n z e n s

< 0 . 0 2 5 DDB

yocs

COST |($/YD3)

xs

IS

IS

'iS - 'ice ;?ec.f.sc

: '(axr.uii oar t ic le size Lin:5a to 2 -scês. f e e d ra te to the { i l l r e D o r t e d as 40 t o a / i i r , to is ture contentnried :r:n a - W.

13

3 . 3 SOILTECH INC.ANAEROBIC THERMAL PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY

(ATP)

Although the system is basically an IDFRD system, Anderson

states that the Soil Tech ATP cannot be exclusively categorized

as either an indirect or direct fired process. (Anderson, 3 . 1 ) .

The ATP heats and mixes contamina-ced soils, sludges, and liquids

in a special indirect-fired rotary dryer. The dryer contains

four separate thermal zones: -sreheat , retort, combustion, and

cooling. (Anderson, 3 . 4 0 )

Water and VOCs are vaporized in the preheat zone at

temperatures of 500 degrees F . The vaporized water and

contaminants are removed by vacuum to a preheat vapor cooling

system consisting of a cyclone to remove solids and a heat

exchanger and separator to condense liquids and remove the

condensate from the noncondensable gases. Water is treated

onsite and the organics are typically treated offsite.

Hot granular solids and unvaporized contaminants pass

through a sand seal into a retort zone where they are indirectly

heated to temperatures ranging from 950 to 1,150 degrees F .

Heavy oils vaporize in the retort zone, and thermal cracking of

hydrocarbons forms coke and low weight organics. The vaporized

contaminants are removed to a retort gas handling system where

dust is removed, gases are cooled, and condensed oil is separated

into various fractions. Coked solids remaining in the retort

zone pass through a second sand seal to a combustion zone where

the coke is burned off the solid and is then either recycled back

14

to the retort zone or sent to the cooiinq zone.

A summary of the Derformance data available from Anderson

are summarized in the table below. ( 5 . 6 , C . I - C . 7 )

TABLE 3 . 3OPERATION DATA

ATP

SITE1

l

"rf ide Beacr,

'tfamegacH a r b o r

CONTAM-INANT

2 s sas ?CBs

lU'JO â?C53

VOLUMETREATED(tons)

4 2 . 3 J C

- - • •^

TABLE 3.3

TEMP.(°F)

5:0 - 1 , 1 5 0

HS

RESIDNCETIME(min)

;.3 - 4 3

IS

RESIDUALCONC.

< ^ O" osa?C3

< 2 ??a PCS

COST($/YD3)

ss 11

n o o . o o of i x e d cos t ,

S I S i / t o Eniatenal

crocessed

N'S - loi; S c e c i f i s d

3 . 4 OTHER SYSTEMS

Two additional systems were described in the currently

available l i terature:

> X*TRAC Thermal Desorption

>• Rotary Thermal Apparatus

The X*TRAC system is used by Rust Remedial Services to

separate organic contaminants from soils, sludges, and other

solid media. The system uses an externally heated dryer to

15

volatilize contaminants that are removed via a recirculating

nitrogen carrier gas that is maintained at less than 4 percent

oxygen to prevent combustion. The nitrogen carrier gas is

treated to remove and recover dust panicles, organic vapors, and

water vapors. (Federal Roundtable, 1 1 4 )

Several characteristics of this IDFD were described by

Anderson and the Federal Roundtable. These characteristics are

summarized in the table below.

TABLE 3 . 4DESIGN/OPERATION DATA

X*TRAC

-————————————————————i TABLE

! CHARACTERISTIC.

11| Heat Input

Length1——————————————————1 Diameter1

Rotation Speed

Inclination Angle

Max. Operating Temp.

Residence Time

Max. Feed Rates

Max. Particle Size

Max. Organic Cone.

Optimum MoistureContent

3 .4

TYPICALDESIGN/OPERATING

PARAMETER

NS

21 ft.

24 in.

NS

NS

750 - 950 deg. F

NS

7.5 ton/hr ]

2.25 in.

NS

< 50 %

IS - lot Speci f ied

c-̂••sfl00

16 00

The X*TRAC system was used to successfully treat the organic

constituents of Dissolved Air Flotation Sludge ( K 0 4 9 ) , Slop Oil

Emulsion Solids, and Heat Exchanger Bundle Sludge ( K 0 5 0 ) to meet

Land Disposal Restrictions. The moisture content and oil and

grease content of the waste were reported to be 49% and 23%

respectively. (Anderson, 5 . 9 )

EPA conducted a SITE Program demonstration of this

technology at the Re-solve Suoerfund site in North Dartmouth,

Massachusetts. (Federal Roundiable, 114-1151 During the

demonstration:

215 tons of soil were treated at 4 . 9 tons/hr

Soils were heated to an average 732 ° F

Residence times averaged 2 hours

PCBs at 180 to 515 ppm were treated to an average 0 . 2 5

ppm

The Federal Roundtable also reports that cost typically range

from $125 to $225/ton of feed.

International Technology Corporation's Rotary Thermal

Apparatus is another IDFD that has been used to treat

contaminated soils, including soils contaminated with coal tar.

This system is relatively small ( 6 . 5 in. internal diameter, 6 . 7

f t . of heated length) and was reportedly used to treat

contaminated soils with moisture contents ranging from 4 to 11%.

In one test, creosote contaminated soils were successfully

treated at 1.020 ° F for 10 minutes. (Anderson, 5 . 1 1 )

4 . 0 ADDITIONAL SOURCES/PUBLICATIONS

Ail of the references used to develop the detailed

information contained in this report can be found at the regional

library loca-ced in E?A' s Region 6 o f f ices at 1 4 4 5 Ross Avenue,

Dallas, Texas. Other resources that may provide specific

information about cueratinq characteristics that are not

available at the Reaion 6 library include:

Ayen, R . J . and C . P . Swanstrom. 1 9 9 2 . Low TemperatureThermal Treatment for Petroleum Refinery Waste Sludges.Environmental Progress. Volume 1 1 , Number 2 . AmericanInstitute of Chemical Engineers.

Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, I n c . , Focus Environmental,I n c . , EPA/ORD/RREL; Troxler, Yezzi, Cudahy, Rosenthal.Thermal Desorption of Petroleum Contaminated Soils. NTISPB93-158806/XAB.

IT C o r p . , Gas Research I n s t . , Illinois Hazardous WasteResearch and Information Center; Helsel, Alperin, Groen.Engineering-Scale Evaluation of Thermal DesorptionTechnology for Manufactured Gas Plant Site Soils, TopicalReport. July 1988 - August 1 9 8 9 . NTIS PB90-172529/XAB.

IT C o r p . , EPA/ORD/RREL, Smith, Groen, Hesssling, Alperin.On-Site Engineering Report for the Low-Temperature ThermalDesorption Pilot-Scale Test on Contaminated Soil. EPA/600/R-92/142. NTIS PB94-124047/XAB.

Roy F . Weston, I n c . , US Air Force, Marks, Noland, Neilson.Demonstration of Thermal Stripping of JP-4 and Other VOCsfrom Soils at Tinker Air Force Base Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.Final Report. September 1988 - March 1 9 9 0 . NTIS AD-A222235/4/XAB.

Schneider, D . and B . D Beckstrom. 1 9 9 0 . Cleanup ofContaminated Soils by Pyrolysis in an Indirectly HeatedRotary Kiln. Environmental Progress. Volume 9 , Number 3 .American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Documents with numbers beginning with the prefix AD or PB

may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service

( N T I S ) or possiblv reviewed at a university library or public

library that houses government documents. NTIS can be contacted

at:

5285 Port Roval RoadSonngfield, VA 22161( 7 0 3 ) 487-4650fax request to ( 7 0 3 ) 321-8547

Also, the Region 6 library may be able to locate copies of these

documents at other SPA libraries and arrange for the documents to

be temporarily transferred to Region 6 for review.

Other sources of information for thermal desorption

technology include vendors, remediation personnel responsible for

the design and implementation of thermal desorption technologies

in the field, government experts, and public documents such as

design specifications and work plans located in official EPA

files in various regional offices.

A list of vendor contacts is provided in Attachment A . A

list of remediation personnel is provided as Attachment B .

Government personnel with specific expertise in thermal

desorption technology include:

Mr. Paul R. dePercinU.S . Environmental Protection AgencyOff ice of Research and DevelopmentRisk Reduction Engineering Laboratory26 West Martin Luther King DriveCincinnati, Ohio 45268( 5 1 3 ) 569-7797

M r . James Y e z z iU . S . Environmental Pro-cection AgencyRisk Reduction Engineering LaboratoryReleases Control Branch2890 Woodbridae AvenueBuilding 10 (MS-104)Edison. NJ 08837( 9 0 8 ) 3 2 1 - 6 7 0 3

Final ly , EPA regional o f f i c e s may be contacted to obtain

copies of o f f i c i a l site documents under the Freedom of

I n f o r m a t i o n Act . However , the project manager in charge of a

specific site should be contacted f i rs t in order to ident i fy

documents that wil l contain the data needed to continue a

technical review of thermal desorption technology. Examples of

documents that may be he lpful include remedial action work plans,

remedial designs, and month ly progress reports that document site

operations.

REFERENCES

Anderson. William. C. 1 9 9 3 . Innovative Remediation Technology,Thermal Desorption. Volume 6. E P A / 5 4 2 / B - 9 3 / 0 1 1 . Off ice of SolidWaste and Emergency Response. American Academy of EnvironmentalEngineers.

Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable. 1993 . Synopses ofFederal Demonstrations of Innovative Site RemediationTechnologies--Third Edition. E P A / 5 4 2 / B - 9 3 / 0 0 9 . US EPA, US AirForce, US Army, US Navy, DOE, and DOI.

US EPA. 1 9 9 2 a . Guide for Conducting Trea-cabilny Studies underCERCLA: Thermal Desorption Remedy Selection--Interim Guidance.5 4 0 / R - 9 2 / 0 7 4 A . Of f ice of Research and Development and Off ice ofSolid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington D . C .

US EPA. 1992b. Low Temperature Thermal Treatment Technology. RoyF . Weston, I nc . , Applications Analysis Resort. EPA /540 /AR-92 /019 .Of f ice of Research and Development. Washington, D . C .

US EPA. 1 9 9 4 . Physical/Chemical Treatment Technology ResourceGuide. E P A / 5 4 2 / B - 9 4 / 0 0 8 . Of f i ce -if Solid Waste an'-' EmergencyResponse Technology Innovation Ofnce. Washington, D . C .

ATTACHMENT ALIST OF VENDORS AND CONSULTANTS W/

THERMAL DESORPTION EXPERIENCE

Ust Of Vendors and ConsultantsChemical Waste Management!950 South Ba tav ia A'>eGene', a. IL 60134-98381-08) 513-45'S

Proeressive Reco\er\, Inc"OO'lndusmal DrDupo,[L 62239. h I S i 286-5000

Soil Punfication. IncPO Bo\" '2515Chattanooga. I'\ "<7407404) S61-0)64

Texarome. IncP 0 Box 157Le.ike\,T\ ".SS"-?2 1 0 ) 232-W9

^ estinghouse FnMronmental iYC.ieotechnical Semces Inci 1 I Kelie\ Lane. Sui te B. #1 1EJv.inslack. FL ^3619i S 1 3 1 6 2 0 - 1 4 3 2

Ru', F VVe^ton Inc1 Weston WavWest Chester," PA 143SO-14W215 i 430-7428 FAX 1 2 1 5 ) 430-3126

Site Reclamation System, IneP O Box 1 1Howev-ln-The-HilIs, FL ^473"1904)324-3651

\e\ada Fivdrocarbon, Inc.P 0 Box 9927Reno. NV S95071702) 342-0200

Encore Environmental344 West Henderson RoadColumbus. OH 43214.614)263-9287

Thermotech Systems Corporation5201 North Orange Blossom TrailOrlando, FL 32810; 4071 290-6000

Four \ines. Inc.i 25 E Tnnity P! . Suite 305Decatur. GA 3(X)301404)370-0490

Tannac EquipmentNorth "' HighwayBlue Spnnas,M"0 64014fSOOiS33-4383

Focus Environmental. Inc.9050 Executive Park DnveSuite A-202Knoxville.'TS' 37923,615)694-7517

Wa-ste-Tech Services. Inc800 Jefferson Countv ParkwayGolden. CO 80401 'i303)279-9712

_.sr or './'encors and Consultants

FB&D Technologies, Inc.P 0 Box 58009 ^375 Chipeta Wa\Salt Lake City. LT 84158-00091801)583-3773

Anel IndustriesP O Box 9298403 Spnng Creek RoadChattanooga. TN 37412i615>894-l957

Intemauonal Technology i I T ) Corp304 Directors DnveKnoKvil le , TN 37923i615 io90-321I

Canonie Environmental Services800 Canonie DnvePoner. IN 46304i219)926-8651

Separation and Recovery Svs , Inc1762McGawAve[r\ine.CA 92714-4962i7]4)261-8860

SoilTech. Inc94 Inverness Terrace East. Suite 100Enalev.ood.CO SO 112.303)790-1410

ABB Environmental Services. Inc261 Commercial StreetP 0 Box 7050Portland. ME 04112(207)775-5400

AAA Consulting Services IncPO Box 5067Novato, CA 94948»415)883-o380HaJliburton NUSEnvironmental Corp.5950 North Course DnvePO Box 721110Houston. TX 772721713)561-1556

Soil Remediation CoP O Box 6217Denver. CO 802061303)756-2441i SCO) 441-1968

Williams Environmental Services. Inc.2076 West Park PlaceStone Mountain. G A "Wî404)498-2020

L' S Waste Thermal Processing34! 9Diai.ido.Sune 308Vev.ponBeach.CA 92663F14)509-7783

GDC Engineering822 Neosho Avenue .Baton Rouge. LA 70802

Remedquip International Manufacturing102B-267 West EsplanadeNorth Vancouver, BC V7M1A5

Remediation Technologies. Inc9 Pond LaneConcord, M A O I "42(508)371-1422

Southdov-n Thermal D\namics12235 EM 5 29Houston, TX 77041i SCO) 364-2402

ATTACHMENT BLIST OF SITES & REMEDIAL PERSONNEL

W/ THERMAL DESORPTION EXPERIENCE

Table 1 - 1Remedial Actions: Site-specific Information By Innovative Treatment Technology Through FY 1992

Thermal Desorption

June 1993

Region

1

1

1

1

1

2

Sit* N—e, Sftt, (RODDate)

CannonEngineering/BridgeMater,HA (03/31/88)

Re-Sol ve*. HA (09/Z4/87)

McKin*. HE (07/22/85)

Union Chemical Co., OU1 , HE (12/27/90)

Otttti & Goss, NH(01/16/87)

Industrial Latex, OU 1 ,NJ (09/30/92)

Specific Site Oe«cription H Media (Quantity) U Key Contaminants j Status* H Lead AgencyTechnology H Treated H and Treafent

H 11 11 » Contractor ( i f11 11 11 11 11 available)

Thermal aeration(vapors capturedon carbon)

ThermalDesorption

Thermal aeration(vapors capturedon carbon)

Low temperaturethermaltreatment

Thermal aeration


Chemical uastestorage andincinerationfacility

Chemicalreclamationfacility

Industriallandfill

Solvent recoveryfacility, Paintstripping

Drum storage/disposal

Manufacturing ofchemicaladhesives andnatural andsynthetic rubbercompounds

Soil (11,000 cy)

Soil (22,500 cy)

Soil ( 1 i , 5 0 0 cy)

Soil (10,000 cy)

Soil (16,000 cy)

Soil (38.000 cy),Sludge ( 6 cy),Solids (quantityunknown). Soil(800 gl)

VOCs (TCE, Vinylchloride,Benzene, Toluene)

PCBs

VOCs (TCE, BTX)

VOCs (TCE, DCE,PCE, Xylene)

VOCs (TCE, PCE.DCA, Benzene)

PCBs

Completed;

Beinginstalled;Operationplanned sunner1993.

Completed;

Designcompleted butnot installed;Beinginstalled inturner 1994

Coopleted;

Predesign

PRPlead/Federaloversight;Canon ieEngineering

PRPlead/Federaloversight; ENSR


PRPlead/Federaloversight


Federallead/FundFinanced

Contacts/Phone

RichardGoehlert617-573-5742

Joe Lemay617-573-9622

Sheila Eckman617-573-5784

Ed Hathaway617-573-5782ChristopherRushton (MEDEP)207-287-2651

Stephen Calder617-573-9626

Paola Pascetta212-264-9001Robert NcKnight212-264-1870

1-59 000051


Thermal Desorption (continued)

June 1993

Region

2

2

2

2

Site Name, State, (ROO0*te)

Lipai-i Landfill MarshSediment*. NJ (07/1 V88)

Metal tec/Aerosystetns, Oil1 - Soil Treatment*, NJ(06/30/86)

Reich Farms*, NJ(09/30/88)

Ualdick AerospaceDevices*. NJ (09/29/87)

SpecificTechnology


Low temperaturethermaltreatment(vapors capturedon carbon)

Thermaldesorption(vapors will becaptured oncarbon)

Low temperaturethermaltreatment(followed byoffsi te s/s anddisposal)

Site Description

Industriallandfill,Municipallandfill

MetalManufacturing


Manufacture/Electroplating ofPlane Parts

Media (Quantity)

Sediments (60,000cy)

Soil (9,000 cy)

Soil (6,000 cy)

Soil (3,000 cy)

Key ContaminantsTreated

VOCs, SVOCs

VOCs (TCE)

VOCs (TCE, PCE,TCA), SVOCs(Phthalates)

VOCs (TCE, PCE)

Status*

Designcompleted butnot installed;Completionplanned Sunfoer1993

Beinginstalled;Installationcompletionplanned Winter1993; Designcomplete;Contractorbeingprocurred(Bids due June1993)

Predesign

Operational;Completionplanned Fall1993;Operationalsince June1993

| if ilLead Agencyand Treat—ntContractor (Ifavailable)

In negotiation

Federallead/FundFinanced; ArmyCorp ofEngineers(Contractor)/vendor unknown


Federallead/FundFinanced;Chemical wasteManagement

Contacts/Phone

Tom Graft(USAGE, KansasCity)816-426-2296

Ron Rusin212-264-1873Mark Keast816-426-5832(x - 3032)

GaryAdaokiewicz212-264-7592

George Buc(USACE-NYDistrict)908-389-3040Ron Ackerman(USACE-NYDistrict)908-389-3040

1-60 000052



June 1993

Region

2

2

2

2

2

Site Name, State, (RGODate)

American Thermostat, NY(06/29/90)

Claremont Polychemical -Soil Remedy, NY(09/28/90)

Fulton Terminals, SoilTreatment, NY (09/29/89)

Sarney farm, MY(09/27/90)

Solvent Savers, MY(09/30/90)See also Soil VaporExtraction

Spec i f i cTechnology




Thermaldesorption(followed byonsiteincineration oforganics)


Site Description

ThermostatManufacturing

Paint/inkformation

Former hazardouswaste storagefaci l i ty

Industrisilandfill.Municipallandfill

Solvent recoveryfacility,Chemicalreclamation

Media (Quantity)

Soil (15,000 cy),Sediments (300cy)

Soil (3,000 cy)

Soil (4,000 cy)

Soil (quantityunknown)

Soil (60,000 cy)

K«y ContaminantsTreated

VOCs (PCE, TCE)

VOCs (PCE)

VOCs (TCE, DCE,Benzene, Xylene)

VOCs (Chloroform,TCE, PCE,Toluene), SVOCs(Phthalates)

VOCs (DCE, TCE),PCBs

Stacus«

In design;Designcompletionplanned August1993

In design;DesigncoMpletionplanned Fall1993

In design;Designcompletionplanned Sunroer1993

In design;Designcompletionplanned Winter1993

Predesign; PDCoipletionplanned Winter1993

Lead Agencyand TreatmentContractor (ifavailable)

Federallead/FundFinanced; TANSConsultants/WillianEnviromientalServices.(Vendor)

State lead/FundF j nanced;USACE/RustEnvironmental




Contacts/Phone

ChristosTsJarois212-264-5713

Dick Kaplin212-26A-3819

ChristosTsiamis212-264-5713

Kevin Uillis212-264-8777

Lisa Uong212-264-5712

1-61

Table 1 - 1Remedial Action»: Site-specific Information By Innovative Treatment Technology Throuoh FY 1992


June 1993

Region

3

3

4

4

4

Site NMM, State, (ROOOat«)

U . S . A . Letterkenny SEArea, OU1", PA(06/28/91)

Saunders Supply Co, OU1, VA (09/30/91)S— «l*o Dechlorination

Citr-Geigy (MacintoshPlant) OU 4, AL(07/14/92)Se« al«o In situFlushing

Ciba-Gefgy Corp.(Macintosh Plant) OU 2,AL (09/30/91)See also In situFlushing

Smith's Farm Brooks, OU1*, KY (09/30/91)See also Dechlorination

SpecificTechnology

Lou temperaturethermaltreatment (mayneed s/« fornetals afterthermaldesorption)

Low temperaturethermaltreatment(Vapors will becaptured oncarbon)

Thermaldesorpt i onLiquid injectionincineration

Low temperaturethermaltreatment to beevaluated duringtreatabilitystudy


Site Description

Munitionsmanufacturing/storage. Drumstorage

Wood preserving

ChemicalManufacturirg

AgricultureAppi i cat ions,Pesticidemanufacturing/use/storage. Otherorganic chemicalmanufacturing


Media (Quantity)

Soil (14,000 cy)

Soil (25,000 cy)

Soil (110 cy).Slu '30 (quantityunk.ioun)

Soil (130,000cy). Sludge(quantityunknown)

Soil (16,000 cy)

Key ContaminantsTreated

VOCs (TCE,Ethyl benzene,Xylene)

SVOCs (PCP)

VOCs (Chloroform,Toluene, Xylene),Biocides(Atrazine,Oiazinon,Proroetryn.Simazine)

VOCs, Biocides

PCBs, PAHs(CarcinogenicPAHs)

Status*

Designcompleted butnot installed;Completionplanned Summer1993

Predesign; POCompletionplanned Fall1993

Prede&ign;Design willalso usetreat abilitystudies beingconducted atOu-2

In design;Des i gncompletionplanned winter1995;Treatabilitystudiesongoing

Designcompleted butnot installed;Completionplanned Spring1995

Lead Agencyand TreatmentContractor ( i favailable)

Federalfacility;McLaren Hart

Federallead/FundFinancad;Ecology &Environment, novendor yet


PRPlead/Federaloversight; COM/FPC (Demolition/Designcontractors)


Contacts/Phone

Denis Orenshare215-597-7858Georgette Myers(Letterkenny)717-267-8463

Ândy Palestini215-597-1286

Charles King404-347-2643

Charles King404-347-2643

Tony DeAngelo404-347-7791

1-62

TabiJ 1 - 1Remedial Actions: Site-specific Information By Innovative Treatment Technology Through FY 1992


June 1993

Region

4

4

4

4

4

5

Sif NMM, Sff, (RODOaf)

Aberdeen PesticideDuBps, OU 4, NC(09/30/91)

Potter's Septic TankService Pits, NC(Ofl/05/92)

Sangawo/Twelve-Hile/Hartwell PCB, OU 1 ,SC (12/19/90)

Uamcheo*. SC (06/30/88)

Arlington Blending &Packaging C o . , OU 1*, TN(06/28/91)See also Oechlorination

Acne Solvent Reclaiming,Inc. OU 2, IL (12/31/90)

See also Soil VaporExtraction

Specific | Site Description | Nedia (Quantity) | Key Contaminants | Status* | Lead Agency || Contacts/PhoneTechnology H 1 1 ̂ ••^ H | and Treatment H

1 H H R Contractor ( i f ||11 B 11 11 1 available) ||

Thermaldesorption(treatiaent fororganic vaporsnot yetdetermind

Low tenperaturethermaltreatment

Low teBperaturethermaldesorption(vapors capturedon carbon)

Thermaldesorption(vapors capturedon carbon)

Thermaldesorption;residual soiland vapor to bedechlorinated

Low temperaturethermaltreatment(followed by s/sfor lead)

Pesticidemanufacturing/use/storage

Uaste petroleumand septic tanksludge disposalpit

Capacitormanufacturer

Former DyeManufacturingPlant

Pesticidemanufacturing/use/storage. Otherorganic chemicalmanufacturing

Industriallandfill,Municipal watersupply

Soil (124,000 cy)

Soil (10,100 c y ) ,Sludge (quantityunknown)

Soil (80,000 cy)sludge (20,000cy)

Soil (2,000 cy)

Soil (5,000 cy)

Soil (6,000 cy)

Biocides (DOT,Toxaphene,BenzeneHexachloride)

VOCs ( B T E X ) , PAHs(CarcinogenicPAHs,Naphthalene).

PCBs, VOCs

VOCs (BTX)

VOCs ( O C E ) , SVOCs(P C P ) , Biocides(Chlordane,Heptachlor)

VOCs (TCA, DCE,DCA, TCE, PCE,Vinyl chloride,4-methyl 2pentanone,,Benzene), SVOCs(Naphthalene),PCBs

Predesign; POCompletionplannedSepteober 1993

In design;Designcompletionplanned Sumer1994

Design; DesignCompletionplanned Fall1993;

BeinginstalledFour seasons

In design;Designcompletionplanned Winter1993

In design;Designcompletionplanned Slimier1994






PRPlead/Federaloversight;Harding Lauson- Prime

Kay Crane404-347-7791Randy HcElveen919-733-2801

Beverly Hudson404-347-7791

Bernie Hayes404-347-7791Richard Haynes(SC)803-734-5487

Terry Tanner404-347-7791

Derek Hatory404-347-7791

Deborah Orr312-886-7576

1-63



June 1993

Region

5

5

5

5

a

Site Name, State, (RODDate)

Outboard Marine/waukeganHarbor, OU 3*, 1L(03/31/89)

American ChemicalServices*. 1M (09/30/92)

See also SoiI VaporExtraction

Anderson Development(ROD Amendment)*, MI(09/30/91)

Carter Industries*, HI(09/18/91)

Martin Marietta (DenverAerospace), CO(09/24/90)See also Soil VaporExtraction

Specific | Site Description || Media (Quantity) || Key ContaminantsTechnology H U H Trt•t*d



Lou temperaturethermaltreatmentoff-sitedisposal ofresiduals

Low temperaturethermaltreatment(followed by s/sof soils andincin. of PCBo i l )

Low temperaturethermaltreatment(followed by s/sof soils andincin. ofvapors)

Marine ProductsManufacturing

Other organicchemicalmanufacturing,Solvent recoveryfacility

Other organicchemicalmanufacturing

Scrap metalsalvager

AerospaceEquipmentManufacturer -Bulk storagefacility andindustriallandfill

Soil (16,000 c y ) ,Sediments(quantityunknown)

Soil (quantityunknown). Sludge(quantityunknown). Solids(65,000 cy)

Soil (8,000 c y ) ,Sludge (quantityunknown)

Soil (46,000 cy ) ,Solids (quantityunknown)

Soil (2,300 cy)

PCBs

VOCs, PCBs

Organics (MBOCAs,4, 4'- Methylene,Bis-2-chloroaniline)

PCBs

VOCs ( T C E ) , PCBs

Status*

Completed;Sumer 1992

Predesign;Schedulependingcompletion ofnegotiationwith PRPs

Operational;Completionplanned Sumoer1993;Treatmentbegan Jan. S.1992. Inpilot test,MBOCAs reducedfrom 2.800 ppMin sludges to1 . 6 ppm

In design;Designcompletionplanned Fall1994

In design

Lead Agencyand TreatmentContractor (ifavailable)

PRPlead/Federaloversight;Soiltech

In negotiation

PRPlead/Federaloversight;UestonServices, Inc

PRPlead/Federaloversight;Connestoga-RoversAssociates

PRP lead/Stateoversight;under RCRA;Geraghty 1Miller

Contacts/Phone

Cindy Nolan312-886-0400

Uayde Hartwick312-886-7067

Jim Hahnenberg312-353-4213

Jon Peterson312-353-1264

George Dancik303-293-1506Susan Chaki(CO)303-331-4832

1-64



June 1993

Region

8

Site N«M, State, (RODDate)

Sand Creek Industrial,OU 5*, CO (09/28/90)

SpecificTechnology

Low tenperaturethermaltreatment

Site Oetcnption

Pesticidemanufactur i ng/use/storage

Media (Quantity)

Soil (8,000 cy)

Key ContaiinantsTreated

Organics(Biocldes)

Sfti»«

Predeaign;Prepared RODaaandaant tochange re—dyfroM lollwashing

Lead Agencyand TroatnentContractor (i favailable)


Contacts/Phone

Erne Acheson303-294-1971

1-65