Process Miningfrom discovery to checking

Prof.dr.ir. Wil van der AalstEindhoven University of Technology, Department of Information Systems, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

w.m.p.v.d.aalst@tm.tue.nl

Outline

• BPM lifecycle

• Process mining overview

• ProM framework

• Example– discovery algorithms– LTL

• Conclusion

Thanks to Ton Weijters, Boudewijn van Dongen, Ana Karla Alves de Medeiros, Minseok Song, Laura Maruster, Eric Verbeek, Monique Jansen-Vullers, Hajo Reijers, Michael Rosemann, Anne Rozinat, Christian Guenther

Peter van den Brand, Huub de Beer, Andrey Nikolov, et al. for their on-going work on process mining.

The BPM life-cycle

processdesign

implementation/configuration

processenactment

diagnosis

1993

processdesign

implementation/configuration

processenactment

diagnosis

1998

processdesign

implementation/configuration

processenactment

diagnosis

2003

processdesign

implementation/configuration

processenactment

diagnosis

2008 ???

processdesign

implementation/configuration

processenactment

diagnosis

Design-time (a-priori) and run-time (a-posteriori) questions

processdesign

implementation/configuration

processenactment

diagnosis

Run-time Design-time

- process mining- verification- validation- performance analysis

informationsystem

operationalprocess

processmodels

eventlogs

models

processdiscovery

conformancetesting

records

configures

supports/controls

(un)desiredproperties

log-based verification

refers to

focus of this paper

Process discovery: Reversing the process

process discovery

Registerorder

Prepareshipment

Shipgoods

Receivepayment

(Re)sendbill

Contactcustomer

Archiveorder

Conformance testing

Registerorder

Prepareshipment

Shipgoods

Receivepayment

(Re)sendbill

Contactcustomer

Archiveorder

Materialis released

TO itemconfirmed

withoutdifferences

Warehouse/Stores

Transferorderitem

is confirmed

Paymentmust

be effected

PurchaseRequisition

Requirementfor materialhas arisen

Requisitionreleased

for schedulingagreement

schedule/SA release

InvoiceVerification

Purchaserequisitionreleased

for purchaseorder

Inbounddeliveryentered

Goodsreceived

Goodsreceiptposted

GoodsReceipt

Purchaseorder

created

Purchasing

Invoicereceived

Decide To Buy Computer

Choose Model

Save Money

Read Test Reviews

Check Bank Account

[reviews ok]

[bad reviews]

[enough]

Order Machine

Order Screen

Receive Machine

[desktop]

Receive Screen

Set Up And Connect

Plug In And Power On

[laptop]

Open Lid

Choose Operating System

Order Windows

Receive Windows

[windows]

Download Linux

[linux]

Install Operating System

Work Hard

[not enough]

[laptop]

[desktop]

Log based verification

formula four_eyes_principle(a1:activity,a2:activity) :=forall[p:person | (!(execute(p,a1)) \/ !(execute(p,a2)))];

ProM framework

ProMStaffware

InConcert

MQ Series

workflow management systems

FLOWer

Vectus

Siebel

case handling / CRM systems

SAP R/3

BaaN

Peoplesoft

ERP systems

common XML format for storing/exchanging workflow logs

input/outputCore

Plugins

ProMframework

visualization analysis

alpha algorithmgenetic

algorithmTsinghua alpha

algorithmMulti phasealgorithms

social networkminer

case dataextraction

property verifier

ExternalTools

NetMiner Viscovery ......

...

ARIS/ARIS PPM

YAWL

Caramba

CPN Tools

Converter plug-in: EMailAnalyzer

XML format

ProM architecture

UserInterface

+User

Interaction

StaffwareFlowerSAPInConcert...

Heuristic NetAris Graph Format(Aris AML Format)PNMLTPN...

MiningPlugin

ImportPlugin

ExportPlugin

AnalysisPlugin

ConversionPlugin

Heuristic Net PNMLAris Graph format TPNNetMiner file Agna fileAris PPM Instances DOTComma Seperated Values …...

Log Filter

VisualisationEngine

XML Log

ResultFrame

Example

A

E

G

invitereviewers

D

get review 2

time-out 2

collectreviews

H

decide

I

accept

J

reject

inviteadditionalreviewer

K

M

L

get review X

time-out X

C

B

get review 1

time-out 1

G

F

get review 3

time-out 3

Snapshot of log (100 cases)

Alpha plug-in (1)

Alpha plug-in (2)

Multi-phase mining plug-in

Genetic miner (1)

Genetic miner (2)

Social network mining plug-in

SNA with Netminer

betweenness metric points out that the editor and the two editorial assistants are

most central

Netminer (2)

LTL checker: Input

Question 1

formula accept_or_reject_but_not_both() := {}

(<>(activity == "accept") <-> !(<>(activity == "reject")));

Question 2

formula action_follows_decision() := {Is every decision followed by one of the three

possible actions? }[]( (activity == "decide" -> _O( ((activity ==

"accept" \/ activity == "reject") \/ activity == "invite additional reviewer") )));

Question 3

subformula execute( p : person, a : activity ) := {Is a specfic activity executed by a specific person?}

<> ( (activity == a /\ person == p ) ) ;

formula not_the_same_reviewer() := {Is every reviewer unique?}

forall[p:person | (((!(execute(p,"get review 1")) \/ !(execute(p,"get review 2"))) /\ (!(execute(p,"get review 1")) \/ !(execute(p,"get review 3")))) /\ (!(execute(p,"get review 2")) \/ !(execute(p,"get review 3")))) ];

Question 4

subformula accept(a : activity ) := {Is the result a some activity an accept?}

<> ( (activity == a /\ ate.result == "accept" ) ) ;

formula dont_reject_paper_unjustified() :={Are all papers with strong support indeed

accepted.}(((accept("get review 1") /\ accept("get review

2")) /\ accept("get review 3")) -> <> ( activity == "accept" ) );

accept

reject

Question 5

formula four_eyes_principle(a1:activity,a2:activity) :={

<h2>The four-eyes-principle</h2> <p> Check whether two activities are never executed by the same

person for a given case.</p> <p> Arguments:<br>

<ul> <li><b>a1</b> of type string denoting an activity</li> <li><b>a2</b> of type string denoting an activity</li>

</ul> </p>

} forall[p:person |(!(execute(p,a1)) \/ !(execute(p,a2)))];

A related plug-in: Conformance checker

informationsystem

operationalprocess

processmodels

eventlogs

models

processdiscovery

conformancetesting

records

configures

supports/controls

(un)desiredproperties

log-based verification

refers to

Conformance checker (1)

Conformance checker (2)

Conformance checker (3)

Additional plug-ins

• State space analysis, invariants, EPC reduction/verification, etc.

Conclusion• Process mining is an exciting topic both from a

practical and scientific point of view.

• Join us by:– Applying this in different setting.– Contributing logs, adapters, and plug-ins.

• www.processmining.org

• www.workflowpatterns.com

• BPMcenter.org

• www.workflowcourse.com

• www.citi.qut.edu.au/babel/

• www.yawl-system.com

useful links: