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CONTENTSMATERIALS SCIENCE – A CHALMERS AREA OF ADVANCE 5
MATERIALS FOR HEALTH 10
MATERIALS FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS 12
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS 14
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 16
THEORY AND MODELLING 18
COMPETENCE CENTRES 20
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MATERIALS SCIENCE – A CHALMERS AREA OF ADVANCE
Materials science is central to the development of our modern technological society. New materials are required for better performance of existing products, processes and systems. The development of novel materials is also paving the way for completely new technologies and solutions. Scientists at Chalmers are for instance actively engaged in materials for energy production and storage, medical and pharmaceutical technology, mechanical constructions, functional foods, vehicles and transport systems. These areas are keys to achieving a sustainable society and meeting future challenges. Thus, the area of Materials Science is central in Chalmers’ overall strive to contribute to the development of a sustainable society.
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Chalmers has a long tradition of outstanding research in materials science. It covers a broad perspective and includes all the important elements of advanced materials research: theory and modelling, synthesis, characterisation and evaluation. The research is a core activity at five departments (Applied Physics, Applied Mechanics, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Microtechnology and Nanoscience, and Materials and Manufacturing Technology), and involves researchers at several others. In total around 70 senior researchers are active in this field. There is also a strong collaboration with the Department of Biomaterials at the University of Gothenburg.
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EXCELLENCE PROFILES AND ACTIVE FIELDS
The Materials Science Area of Advance is structured into three thematic and two generic excellence profiles. In the thematic profiles - Materials for Energy Applications, Materials for Health, and Sustainable Materials - multi-disciplinary research is carried out spanning from natural science to engineering, and from materials theory to processing.
The generic excellence profiles - Theory and Modelling and Experimental Methods - focus on the development of new methodology and research infrastructure forming a base for the thematic research. Staying at the forefront of materials theory, modelling, and experimental tools lays the ground for breakthroughs in materials science.
A senior scientist is responsible for each profile and a junior scientist is appointed as coordinator for the day-to-day activities.
VISION
Our vision is to contribute to a sustainable development from a materials science perspective by combining scientific excellence with relevance for society.
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INNOVATION AND IMPACT ON SOCIETY
Contributing to a sustainable society through materials research is our overall goal. This requires collaboration with external partners to bring our research results to use and to identify the societal challenges. Our researchers are active in several different arenas; some work are published in high profile journals, some are vital for large companies in their build-up of spear-head technologies, and some lead to patents and the creation of start-up companies.
The collaboration with research institutes, industry and public organizations takes place through direct collaborations or through larger externally funded programs. A particular successful model that we
have implemented is the collaboration in long term competence centres where academic, industrial, and regional/national authorities together define the research program around common interests.
The strength of the environment lies in the broad spectrum of research topics (soft and supramolecular matter – functional oxides – metals – intermetallics – composites – alloys), and in the fact that many programs span the complete range from curiosity-driven research to commercial applications. The breadth of the research provides a readiness to take on new challenges faced by society. It also provides a basis for a close collaboration with industry on different levels and on different time scales.
EDUCATION
Education at all levels is influenced by the Area of Advance. There is a Graduate School in Materials Science with a common curriculum at the five departments involved. There are also more topical graduate schools offering summer schools and training. A good example of the integration of the whole knowledge triangle is BIOSUM, a graduate school in biomaterials, which is a joint school for the two VINN Excellence Centres BIOMATCELL and SuMo Biomaterials, financed by VINNOVA. BIOSUM is coordinated by the University of Gothenburg. Also the Soft Matter Graduate School offers specialized courses to all Swedish PhD students, thus having a national responsibility in the field.
On the Masters level there are three programs with a strong materials science profile: Applied physics, Materials engineering, and Materials chemistry and nanotechnology.
KRISTER HOLMBERG Professor, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering +46 (0) 31 772 2969 [email protected]
ALEKSANDAR MATIC Professor, Dept of Applied Physics
+46 (0) 31 772 5176 [email protected]
MATERIALS SCIENCE AREA OF ADVANCE DIRECTOR AND CO-DIRECTOR
CHALMERS’ AND THE UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG’S STRENGTHS
The Department of Biomaterials at the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers have a long tradition of performing research on materials beneficial for people’s health. The research is considered to be world leading in several areas. It is driven in a multidisciplinary manner including theoretical modelling, novel synthesis procedures, state of the art characterisation techniques, and preclinical and clinical evaluation studies. A broad area of applications is covered such as tissue engineering, especially materials for osseointegration, materials for pharmaceuticals and personal care, and materials for food technologies. Moreover, the Department of Applied Physics has a long tradition in the development of analytical tools for measuring events at solid surfaces. With the two VINN Excellence centres, BIOMATCELL and SuMo, with activities within the Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, and with the strong attraction of national and international industrial partners, Chalmers and the University of Gothenburg provide the critical mass needed in order to be a major player in Europe for the development of the next generation of materials for medical devices. The centres together with external funding from organizations such as VR and Vinnova ensure that high quality competitive research is being performed. The research has a high scientific impact and has received a high international recognition.
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EXAMPLES OF EXCELLENCE
Gothenburg is considered to be the birthplace of osseointegration (bone integration), largely due to the pioneering work by Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark at the University of Gothenburg, who discovered the unique properties of titanium and its ability to attach directly to bone tissue. The discovery has resulted in millions of implant treatments, which has helped people with the restoration of missing body functions. The developed technique has also been commercially successful and companies such as Nobel Biocare, which has a significant market share in dental implants, has its foundation in this research. A more recent example on the theme of osseointegration, which has been developed at Chalmers, is the discovery that bone-like minerals can be formed using molecular self-assembly. These minerals have been shown to have remarkable biological properties and when deposited onto traditional titanium implants strongly reduces the healing time. The material has been commercialized by Promimic AB, a spin-off company from Chalmers, which through extensive pre-clinical evolutions together with the University of Gothenburg has reached the needed regulatory approvals for launching dental implants on the US market.
MATERIALS FOR HEALTH
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PETER THOMSEN Professor, Dept of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg +46 (0) 31 786 2950 [email protected]
MARTIN ANDERSSON Associate Professor, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering
+46 (0) 31 772 2966 [email protected]
- Acoustic waves at surfaces
- Surface plasmon resonance
- Nanomaterials for directing cells
- Nanostructured materials for bone tissue engineering
- Innovative biomaterials for rapid implant integration
- Biosynthetic blood vessels
- Bacterial cellulose as soft tissue
- Controlled release
- Structure design
- Mass transport through soft structures
TISSUE AND CELL ENGINEERING
PHARMACEUTICAL AND PERSONAL CARE
MATERIALS FOR BIOSENSING
- Structure and materials design
- Controlled release
- Microstructure and processing
- Structure formation and breakdown
MATERIALS FOR FOOD TECHNOLOGY
EXCELLENCE PROFILE LEADER AND COORDINATOR
ACTIVE FIELDS
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CHALMERS’ STRENGTHS
Energy-related materials research at Chalmers spans across the full spectrum of energy production, transport, storage and conversion. It includes curiosity-driven fundamental research, engineering technology as well as applied research in collaboration with industry. All aspects from material synthesis and characterisation to integration of these materials into devices are covered and target global energy challenges. The strength lies in a long-standing experience in basic physics and chemistry of energy materials, an integrated approach with theory and experiments, state-of-the-art infrastructure, strong collaborations with national and international partners, and financially well-supported activities.
MATERIALS FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS
The research makes use of external large-scale facilities such as ESRF, ILL, ISIS, MAXLAB, as well as advanced local infrastructure such as the Chalmers Nanofabrication Laboratory (MC2). We have several well-established collaborations and networks with leading universities and research institutes across the globe. The activities are supported by many externally funded programs (VR, Formas, STEM, Mistra, SSF, DSF and EU). Chalmers researchers participate in several EU projects and in initiatives for coordinated energy research. The scientific output reaches a high standard, as evidenced by frequent publications in high-impact journals and regular invitations to present keynote lectures at international conferences. There are also several courses given at the MSc and PhD levels covering our research in these topics, thus ensuring that qualified personnel are educated.
ANDERS PALMQVIST Professor, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering +46 (0) 31 772 2961 [email protected]
To bring the new materials development to the benefit of society we are engaged in a joint project with Swedish industry through the E4-MISTRA project. Our aim here is to adapt these materials for application in a truck with the ambition of improving the overall efficiency of the vehicle sufficiently to sustain its energy consumption related to exhaust gas after-treatment measures. The target for the prototype to be developed within the project is 2 kW electrical power.
- Photocatalysis
- Solar cells
- Superconductors
- Power cables
- Batteries
- Hydrogen storage
- Fuel cells
- Thermoelectrics
MATERIALS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION AND
TRANSFER
MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE
MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION
ACTIVE FIELDS
EXCELLENCE PROFILE LEADER AND COORDINATOR
The profile Materials for Energy Applications is a joint profile with the Energy Area of Advance.
EXAMPLES OF EXCELLENCE
Internationally, the development of new thermoelectric materials for direct conversion of waste heat to electricity has received renewed interest and resulted in significant improvements. Chalmers’ research has resulted in a new nanocage-structured semiconducting material, which currently holds a world record in thermoelectric energy conversion performance. Our progress has benefited from international collaborations with groups in EU, USA and Asia. Nationally, we are now uniquely equipped to perform thermoelectric materials property evaluation.
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ANDERS HELLMAN Associate Professor, Dept of Applied Physics
+46 (0) 31 772 5611 [email protected]
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CHALMERS’ STRENGTHS
Sustainable-related materials research at Chalmers is characterised by interdisciplinary work within academy and between academy, institutes, industries and public authorities on both the national and international arena. The research covers a wide range including basic chemistry and physics and extends to more engineering aspects like long-term properties and processability of the materials, and the approaches span from theory to experiments.
Much of the research within this area is performed within large competence centres like Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Competence Centre of Catalysis (KCK), High Temperature Catalysis, (HTC), and Competence Centre Recycling (CCR), but other separate prestigious projects are also performed at Chalmers. The centres have received very positive evaluation reports and their good long-term financial support comes from both industries (Stena, Södra Cell, SCA, Tetrapak, etc) and funding
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
agencies (Wallenberg Foundation, VR, STEM, Mistra, VINNOVA, and EU). The research is of high standard, as indicated by publications in high impact journals, approved patents, and regular invitations to present keynote lectures at international conferences. In addition, the area also offers courses at Master/PhD levels, and PhD students are frequently examined.
EXAMPLES OF EXCELLENCE
From a global perspective, there are several factors that threaten to reduce the strong international position of the Swedish forest industry. To meet this challenge utilization of new ways and new materials from trees are needed and therefore the Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) was launched 2009 with exactly this vision. This is a joint research centre between the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and Chalmers, and financed by a donation from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation of SEK 40 million per year. The activities in the area are broad and besides WWSC some 70 Chalmers employees are engaged in pulp and paper related research.
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MIKAEL RIGDAHL Professor, Dept of Materials and Manufacturing Technology +46 (0) 31 772 1309 mikael.rigdahl @chalmers.se
ANETTE LARSSON Associate Professor, Dept of Chemical and Biological Engineering
+46 (0) 31 772 2763 [email protected]
- New cellulose based materials
- Renewable diapers
- New materials for boards
- Polymeric materials and composites based on renewable raw materials
- Recycling of plastics
- Materials recycling
- Lightweight composite materials
- Materials for emission catalysis
- Ageing of plastic materials
- Controlled release of biocides
- High temperature corrosion
- ICT materials
MATERIALS FROM RENEWABLE RAW
MATERIALS
RECYCLING AND LONG TERM BEHAVIOUR OF
MATERIALS
REDUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
THROUGH MATERIALS RESEARCH
ACTIVE FIELDS
EXCELLENCE PROFILE LEADER AND COORDINATOR
Another strong centre within Sustainable Materials at Chalmers is the Competence Centre for Catalysis, KCK. This centre was established in 1995 and has since then worked with emission control. KCK has focused their work within three different areas: Reduction of nitrogen oxides in excess oxygen, Oxidation of hydrocarbons and particulates, and Catalytic techniques for sustainable energy systems. One reason for their large scientific impact is the
combination of experimental and theoretical activities, and the collaboration between different disciplines at Chalmers and their industrial partners. Today more than 10 senior researchers and 25 postdocs and PhD students are connected to KCK. The financial support to KCK comes from Chalmers, the Swedish Energy Agency and member companies like: AB Volvo, ECAPS AB, Haldor Topsøe A/S, Scania CV AB and Volvo Car Corporation AB.
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CHALMERS’ STRENGTHS
Chalmers and the Department of Biomaterials at the University of Gothenburg have a very long history of outstanding research in experimental materials science. Corrosion, new materials synthesis for catalysis, electronics, and materials for energy applications are new expanding areas. Advanced material synthesis and characterisation methods are crucial for a successful groundbreaking materials research.
The synthesis includes solid state chemistry, polymeric and biomacromolecular materials, novel composite materials, with new or improved functional properties. Chalmers hosts the state-of-the-art cleanroom facility for thin-film deposition, process and characterisation equipment providing a broad platform for micro- and nano-technology
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EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
There is a wide range of analysis methods in-house at Chalmers for studies of structure and dynamics in virtually any system with spatial resolution ranging from millimeters to Ångströms, and time resolution from seconds to femto-seconds. There is a particular effort devoted to in-situ characterisation of materials. As a special initiative in the Materials Science Area of Advance is the establishment of the SOFT Microscopy Centre for dynamic microscopy, 3 dimensional imaging and microanalysis of biological and soft matter objects.
Chalmers is also involved in the design of a state-of-the-art neutron powder diffractometer for materials science at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and soft X-ray beamlines at MAX-lab techniques as well as in the planning and development of the new ESS and MAX IV facilities in Lund.
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EXAMPLES OF EXCELLENCE
Biosensing technology using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) for studying interactions between sample molecules and a surface. The QCM technique has been developed at the Department of Applied Physics and has resulted in a spin-off company, Q-sense, founded in 1996.
An outstanding innovation is the combined scanning tunnelling microscope (STM)-transmission electron microscope (TEM) holder enabling in-situ simultaneous dynamical time resolved investigations and direct correlation between structure and
EVA OLSSON Professor, Dept of Applied Physics +46 (0) 31 772 3247 [email protected]
ALEXEI KALABOUKHOV Associate Professor, Dept of Microtechnology and Nanoscience
+46 (0) 31 772 5477 [email protected]
- Synthesis
- Structuring
- Imaging
- Spectroscopy
- Physical characterisation
- Neutron scattering
- Synchrotron X-ray scattering
- Projects at new sources
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SYNTHESIS AND
STRUCTURING OF NEW MATERIALS
ADVANCED CHARACTERISATION
TOOLS AND METHODS
INSTRUMENTATION PROJECTS AT LARGE
SCALE FACILITIES
ACTIVE FIELDS
EXCELLENCE PROFILE LEADER AND COORDINATOR
properties in the TEM with high spatial resolution. A spin-off company, Nanofactory Instruments AB, has been founded and has continued to further develop the concept.
The molecular microscopy project focuses on molecular biology and genetic engineering experiments, e.g. transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Different non-linear optical processes, such as Multi-Photon Fluorescence, Second and Third Harmonic Generation (SHG, THG), and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) are employed.
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CHALMERS’ STRENGHTS
Theory is used to develop concepts and computational tools. Today these tools are highly developed, and with high-performing computers even complex materials can be accurately modelled. Chalmers has a strong tradition in materials-theory research in close interaction with experiments and technical developments and with links to established and emerging industries.
Theoretical modelling of materials requires a range of various techniques for different length and time scales. On the basic electronic level description of materials the density functional theory dominates. A long-standing tradition in method development at Chalmers has given a platform for further work
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THEORY AND MODELLING
and in recent years the density functional theory, often combined with other theoretical methods, has generated key results in high-performance materials, in nano-catalysis and -electronics, and in sustainable energy systems.
On the more macroscopic level Chalmers has a strong activity in multi-scale modelling and simulation of mechanical and physical properties in different materials: metals, foams, soils, powders, polymers, composites, biomaterials. Special emphasis is placed on the heterogeneity, e.g. grains and phases in polycrystalline metals, and on adaptive multi-scale modelling with error control.
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ACTIVE FIELDS
GÖRAN WAHNSTRÖM Professor, Dept of Applied Physics +46 (0) 31 772 2634 [email protected]
MAGNUS EKH Associate Professor, Dept of Applied Mechanics
+46 (0) 31 772 3479 [email protected]
- Method development – interaction
- Method development – material classes
- Method development – processes
- Nano mechanics/electronics
- Nanoparticles and nanostructures
- Kinetic modelling
- Macroscale modelling of mechanical behaviour
- Mesoscale modelling of mechanical behaviour
- Multiscale modelling
AB-INITIO MODELLING NANO-SCALE MODELLING MESO/MACRO-SCALE MODELLING
EXCELLENCE PROFILE LEADER AND COORDINATOR
EXAMPLES OF EXCELLENCE
The combination of density-functionals, effective algorithms and high-performing computers has created a toolbox for a quantitative theory of materials. By applying these new computational tools, nanosized interfacial structures have been predicted in hard metals in collaboration with Swedish industry. It opens the possibility for interfacial kinetic engineering, to tailor the microstructure for specific applications and with specific materials properties.
Improved density-functionals have been developed to simultaneously account for both dispersive (van der Waals) forces and other types of bonding. Numerical efficient and accurate description of sparse and soft matter called vdW-DF has been developed. The work is based on a Chalmers-Rutgers collaboration and the method is now widely applied. It is internationally recognized and has broadened the applicability of parameter-free density-functionals to new materials classes.
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COMPETENCE CENTRES
BIOMATCELL
The VINN Excellence Centre of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, hosted by the University of Gothenburg, is focusing on research and development of innovative medical devices based on biomaterials and cell therapy. The centre is led by Professor Peter Thomsen and is a collaboration between the University of Gothenburg, Chalmers, Uppsala University, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Region Västra Götaland (VGR) and seven companies. Two examples of current projects are: New active biomaterials for musculoskeletal implants and Enhanced tissue regeneration using combinations of biomaterials and cell therapy in vitro and in vivo.
CCR
The Competence Centre Recycling is a joint multidisciplinary centre that brings together researchers and companies from all over the country. The newly established centre is led and coordinated by Professor Christian Ekberg and Dr Britt-Marie Steenari. The vision is to be able to solve all kind of industrial recycling problems in the broad sense of the word. The centre is driven both by initiatives from the researchers and from the co-operation partners in the industry. The professor is financed by Stena Metall and the coordinator is financed by a VINNOVA project. Two examples of the ongoing research are Recycling of lithium ion batteries and Recycling of titanium dioxide from paint.
Materials Science has seven competence centres. These are long-term (usually 10 years) programs with funding from public agencies, the university, and a consortium of industries. These centres act both as a driving force for the development of science and as a neutral arena for industrial actors (often competitors) to meet around, and work on, generic challenges in their respective field.
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CHARMEC
CHARMEC (CHAlmers Railway MEChanics) is a National Centre of Excellence in Railway Mechanics that has been in operation since 1995, led by Professor Roger Lundén. CHARMEC has participated in a total of 9 European Projects and 1 European Network of Excellence within the 4th, 5th and 6th Framework Programmes, has published some 275 papers internationally and has been internationally evaluated three times. 27 PhD degrees have been achieved within the centre. The Industrial Interest Group of CHARMEC comprises 11 industries, administrations and operators. The majority of the participating organisations are multinational. The projects are collected in Programme Areas: “Train–Track Interaction”, “Vibrations and Noise”, “Materials and Maintenance”, “Systems for Monitoring and Operation”, “Parallel EU-projects”, and “Parallel Special Projects”.
HTC
The High Temperature Corrosion Centre is a national competence centre financed by the Swedish Energy Agency, Chalmers and 22 member companies. HTC is led by Professor Lars-Gunnar Johansson. High temperature corrosion is an issue in energy production, engines, and industrial processes. It limits the useful life of installations and the utilization of the fuel and often obstructs the development of more sustainable processes and systems. HTC is a common platform for university researchers and industrial R&D. HTC research aims simultaneously for scientific excellence and for being useful to industry and society. Application areas: Biomass-based electricity generation and waste-to energy plants; Gasification of biomass; Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); Gas turbines and jet engines; Diesel exhaust systems; Industrial furnaces; Small scale biomass combustion for household heating. HTC runs several large projects sponsored by other funding agencies such as EU FP7. The research is widely published with more than 130 scientific papers and 25 PhDs graduated since 2000.
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KCK
The Competence Centre for Catalysis is a Swedish national competence centre funded in equal parts by the Swedish Energy Agency, Chalmers and the member companies and led by Professor Magnus Skoglundh. The objective is to develop an excellent research environment, performing high quality research in the field of catalysis for emission control and catalysis for sustainable energy systems. To achieve this, models of complex systems are normally investigated and the catalytically active materials studied are metal oxides and metals supported on metal oxides. Several theoretical methods and experimental techniques have been developed and used to achieve this understanding. KCK has become well recognized in the international arena with a large number of publications (>200 since 2000) and invited talks. KCK was rated among the best academic catalysis laboratories in the world in an independent international evaluation. The main research areas are: Catalytic reduction of NOx under lean conditions; Catalytic oxidation at low temperatures; Catalytic techniques for sustainable energy systems.
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SuMo BIOMATERIALS
The VINN Excellence Centre for Supramolecular Biomaterials is hosted by Chalmers. SuMo Biomaterials have nine partners, eight industries and the Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology (SIK). The centre is led by Professor Anette Larsson. In SuMo Biomaterials, the academy and industry work together for advancing the science on tailoring release and uptake in soft biomaterials. The centre has a unique way of working across the relevant disciplines: Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Materials Science, and Innovation and Entrepreneurship. The work mode is to alternate between reflecting and focused types of meetings in order to stimulate the creativity required to meet the demand for excellence in science and innovations at the member companies. The main focus is to establish quantitative relationships between mass transport and microstructure - a route towards prediction of mass transport in soft biomaterials as a tool for systematic materials design. In the recent stage 2 evaluation of the centre, the scientific work and collaboration with industry was rated excellent. Examples of current projects include: Mass transport and structure relationships
– NMR diffusometry; Mass transport and structure relationships – microscopy; Implementing micro-PIV to study flow in soft heterogeneous materials; In situ dynamic studies of wetting, transport of liquids and swelling of nanostructured soft materials; 3D imaging of nanostructured gels; Self-assembly and material design; Heterogeneous materials - diffusion, Laplace spectrum and NMR; A lattice-Boltzmann framework for diffusion and flow.
WWSC
The Wallenberg Wood Science Centre is a ten year collaborative effort between Chalmers and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. It was established in January 2009 with a budget of 120 MSEK for the first 3 years of operation. The vision is to develop new and advanced materials based on wood as raw material. It combines the best resources at Chalmers and KTH and is led at Chalmers by Professor Paul Gatenholm and Professor Hans Theliander. The program is structured into three themes: From wood chips to material components, Engineering of functionalities, and Biocomposites – design and assembly.
UNIVERSI TY OF TECHNOLOGY
Chalmers has a long tradition of outstanding research in materials science. It covers a broad perspective and includes all the important elements of advanced materials research: theory and modelling, synthesis, characterisation and implementation.
The Materials Science Area of Advance further enables interdisciplinary collaboration within Chalmers and reinforces the collaboration with academia, industry and society throughout the world.
www.chalmers.se/materials
