Components Quantity RVP, psi xi BI(RVP) xi*BI(RVP)Butane x 52 139.638LSR Naphtha 5000 11.1 0.227 20.261 4.605HSR Naphtha 4000 1 0.182 1.000 0.182Reformate 6000 2.8 0.273 3.622 0.988FCC 7000 13.9 0.318 26.839 8.540

8.40640214 14.314

17.7827941

22000

8.40640214

0.02767814 626.252544

Components BPD SG FP, oF xi(fraction) BI(FPi)A 2500 0.8 120 0.2064516129 319.996772B 3750 0.85 100 0.3290322581 728.242202C 5000 0.9 150 0.464516129 105.977821

117.482565

Components BPD SG FP, oF Mass Flow BI(FPi)A 2500 0.8 120 2000 319.996772B 3750 0.85 100 3187.5 728.242202C 5000 0.9 150 4500 105.977821D 0.95 220 X 12.3472881

130 217.979347

%mass D = 0.39971984X(Mass Flow) = 6450.79777

X(Volume)= 6790.31344

If theresulted temperature is lower than 130

xi*BI(FPi)66.0638496239.61517649.228407354.907433

Hu and Burns, 1970 MethodComponents BPD Pour Point, oC Pour Point, oR x(%vol)Catalytic cracked gas oil 2000 -15 464.67 0.182Straight run gas oil 3000 -3 486.27 0.273Light vacuum gas oil 5000 42 567.27 0.455Heavy vacuum gas oil 1000 45 572.67 0.091

29.85 545.39

Riazi MethodComponents BPD Pour Point, oC Pour Point, oK x(%vol)Catalytic cracked gas oil 2000 -15 258.15 0.182Straight run gas oil 3000 -3 270.15 0.273Light vacuum gas oil 5000 42 315.15 0.455Heavy vacuum gas oil 1000 45 318.15 0.091

29.85 303.00

BI(PPi) xi*BI(PPi)225.32 40.97397.61 108.442728.08 1240.043071.07 279.19

1668.63

BI(PPi) xi*BI(PPi)1.40735E+030 2.5588E+0292.48349E+030 6.7732E+0291.70399E+031 7.7454E+0301.91822E+031 1.7438E+030

1.0422E+031

Components BPD Cloud Point, oF CP, oK BI(CPi) xiA 1000 -5 252.594444 1.118087750E+048 0.167B 2000 5 258.15 1.727597583E+048 0.333C 3000 10 260.927778 2.139963231E+048 0.500

6.37 258.90986

xi*BI(CPi)1.86348E+0475.75866E+0471.06998E+048

1.83220E+048

Components BPD Aniline Point, oC xi, %vol BI(APi) xi*BIiLight Diesel 4000 71.0 0.4 1.792 0.717Kerosene 3000 60.7 0.3 1.675 0.502LCO 3000 36.8 0.3 1.431 0.429

58.3 1.649

Calculate Aniline Point, oCComponents BDP Aniline Point, oC SG xi, %vol BI(APi)A 4000 50 0.75 0.4 1.561B 3000 60 0.8 0.3 1.667C 3000 55 0.85 0.3 1.613

54.6Calculate Gravity Blend SGBlend = 0.795Calculate Smoke Point, oC = 23.88

xi*BI(APi) xi*SGi0.624 0.30.500 0.240.484 0.255

1.609

Components BPD Viscosity, cSt xi, %vol BI(vis) xi*BI(vis)Fraction - 1 2000 75 0.222 0.385 0.085Fraction - 2 3000 100 0.333 0.400 0.133Fraction - 3 4000 200 0.444 0.434 0.193

125.796 0.412

Calculate the RON by linear mixing of octane numbers and by linear mixing of octane number indicesComponents Quantity RONAlkylate C4 6000 97.3Coker Gasoline 4000 67.2FCC Gasoline 5000 83.2

Linear mixing of octane numbersComponents Quantity RON xi, %vol xi*RONiAlkylate C4 6000 97.3 0.400 38.92Coker Gasoline 4000 67.2 0.267 17.92FCC Gasoline 5000 83.2 0.333 27.73

RON = 84.57

Linear mixing of octane number indicesComponents Quantity RON xi, %vol BI(RONi) xi*BI(RONi)Alkylate C4 6000 97.3 0.400 67.660459267 27.064Coker Gasoline 4000 67.2 0.267 53.690805179 14.318FCC Gasoline 5000 83.2 0.333 58.780019968 19.593

60.97588.08 60.975

It is required to produce gasoline with a RON of 95 from the blending the above product with MTBE.Calculate the amount of the oxygenate MTBE with a RON of 115 to be added in order to adjust the blend RON to 95.Components Quantity RON xi, %vol BI(RONi) xi*BI(RONi)Alkylate C4 6000 97.3 0.400 67.660459267 27.064Coker Gasoline 4000 67.2 0.267 53.690805179 14.318FCC Gasoline 5000 83.2 0.333 58.780019968 19.593MTBE X 115

BI(RON MTBE) = 126.772825BI(RON Product) = 65.558875

x.BI(MTBE) + (1-x).Above Blend = BI(Product)x.126.773 + (1-x).60.975 = 65.5589x = 0.06966605X/(X+15000) = 0.06967X = 1123.24271

Calculate the RON by linear mixing of octane numbers and by linear mixing of octane number indices

It is required to produce gasoline with a RON of 95 from the blending the above product with MTBE.Calculate the amount of the oxygenate MTBE with a RON of 115 to be added in order to adjust the blend RON to 95.

BACH HO CRUDE - MAXI DISTILLATE CASEMogas A95 Blending Calculation

ComponentsCharacteristics

TPSD BPSD RON Density, kg/lC4 43 452 98.7 0.593Isomerate 489 4690 86.4 0.656Reformate 1291 9820 102 0.827RFCC Naphtha 883 7765 91.7 0.715

91.59

AutoDiesel Blending CalculationComponents TPSD BPSD Density Sulfur, ppm wtKerosene 0 0 0.776 50LGO 4226 32775 0.811 200HGO 1280 9700 0.830 290HDT LCO 3870 28307 0.860 50

Fuel Oil Blending CalculationComponents TPSD BPSD Density Sulphur, ppmHGO 315 2387 0.83 290LCO 32 232 0.86 50

0.833 Riazi (2005)Hu and Burn 1970

CharacteristicsRVP, kPa xi, %vol xi, %mass BI(RON) xi(vol)*BIi RON(additive)

441 0.020 0.016 71.033 1.413 1.96388 0.206 0.181 105.609 21.794 17.83018 0.432 0.477 72.971 31.530 44.07351 0.342 0.326 82.628 28.231 31.331

57.517 82.967 95.2082.967

Pour Point, oC Cetane Index xi,%mass xi,%vol Density*xi Sulphur*xi-58 49 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000-3 63 0.451 0.463 0.376 92.60820 64 0.137 0.137 0.114 39.742-19 42 0.413 0.400 0.344 19.996

-2.36 0.833 152.346

Cetane Additive 54.74

Pour Point, oC Viscosity, cSt xi,%mass xi, %vol BI(PP) Pour Point, oR20 5.8 0.908 0.911 6.89642E+030 527.67-19 2 0.092 0.089 1.15778E+030 457.47

18.2 5.2 6.38807E+03018.4 524.783

Density RVP, psi BI(RVP)0.012 63.962 3.5970.135 12.763 4.9780.357 2.611 1.4340.244 7.397 4.168

0.749 8.342 14.178

BI(PP)1.443001825E+0292.483488472E+0306.896420458E+0301.157781019E+030

2.558064486E+030

BI(PPi) BI(vi)1104.114 0.203185.360 0.091

0.1931022.728

Composition, RON, MON olefin and aromatic contents of blending componentsComponents xi, vol RON MONReformate 0.41 97.8 87Thermally Cracked 0.04 70.4 65.1Catalytically Cracked 0.32 92.6 80.2Polymerised 0.09 96.8 82.3LSR 0.14 58 58The reported experimental value of the RON is 91.8a. Calculate the RON and MON for the blend using Equation 9.22and then compare with the reported experimental value.b. Calcualte the RON of blend using the blending index method (Equation 9.20) and compare with the reported experimental value.

a. Solution:RONav= 89.38MONav= 79.47Sav= 9.91RSav= 941.74MSav= 824.67%Oav= 28.11%O^2av 1852.38%Aav= 34.44%A^2av= 1821.11

According to Equation 9.22, the RON is calculated:RONblend = 92.13MONblend = 81.49

b. Solution (using blending indices)

Components xi, vol RON MONReformate 0.41 97.8 87Thermally Cracked 0.04 70.4 65.1Catalytically Cracked 0.32 92.6 80.2Polymerised 0.09 96.8 82.3LSR 0.14 58 58

92.69

%Olefin %Aromatic Sensitive RS(RONxSensitive) MS(MONxSensitive)1.4 63.1 10.8 1056.24 939.632.5 9.8 5.3 373.12 345.0353.3 23.9 12.4 1148.24 994.48100 0 14.5 1403.6 1193.351.3 3.8 0 0 0

b. Calcualte the RON of blend using the blending index method (Equation 9.20) and compare with the reported experimental value.

BI(RONi)68.16454.52963.70667.17451.516

63.77263.772

%O^2 %A^2 DATA Given Data1.96 3981.61 DATA Calculated Data

1056.25 96.042840.89 571.2110000 01.69 14.44

Component Barrels RVP, psiLSR Gasoline 3000 12.1Hydrocracker Gasoline 2000 15.5FCC Gasoline 6013.5 4.8n-Butane 638.5 51.6Calculate the amount of FCC Gasoline and n-Butane that must be added to the blend to produce a gasoline of 12 psi RVP and 0.525 cSt viscosity.

RVPBlend(BI) = 22.335VisBlend(BI) = -0.103

The blend is performed for LSR, Hydrocracker, FCC Gasoline and n-ButaneCalculate the amount of each component that must be added to produce gasoline blend of maximum octane number and 12 psi RVP.Problem 2:Component Barrels RVP, psiLSR Gasoline X1 12.1Hydrocracker Gasoline X2 15.5FCC Gasoline X3 4.8n-Butane X4 51.6Blend XT 12

The maximum blend storage capacity is 15000 barrelsRedo the calculation if the available amount of FCC gasoline is 6000 barrels.

Component Barrels RVP, psiLSR Gasoline 0 12.1Hydrocracker Gasoline 0 15.5FCC Gasoline 4257 4.8n-Butane 559 51.6Storage Capacity 4816Blend 12

X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 = 0MAX(RON)RVP = 12 pis

Viscosity, cSt RVP (BI) Vis(BI) xi, vol fraction0.2886 22.567 -0.219 0.2570.4140 30.755 -0.146 0.1720.8607 7.105 -0.022 0.5160.3500 138.297 -0.179 0.055

Calculate the amount of FCC Gasoline and n-Butane that must be added to the blend to produce a gasoline of 12 psi RVP and 0.525 cSt viscosity.

22.335-0.103

Calculate the amount of each component that must be added to produce gasoline blend of maximum octane number and 12 psi RVP.

RON MON91 81

89.5 85.597 9693 92

Max

RON MON xi, vol fraction BI(RVP)91 81 0.000 22.567

89.5 85.5 0.000 30.75597 96 0.884 7.10593 92 0.116 138.297

Max Required 22.33596.6 Calculated 22.335

xi*RVP(BI) xi*RVP(BI)5.810 -0.0565.279 -0.0253.667 -0.0117.579 -0.010

BI(RON)62.63861.74167.36763.993

MAX66.97566.975

RVPFlash PointPour PointCloud PointAniline PointSmoke PointViscosityOctane Number 1DQR_Blending CalculationOctane Number 2LP