Productive Sanitation Successfully Links Toilets and Livelihoods

-Chakra Bahadur Chand

Sustainable Livelihood Specialist, RVWRMP II, Nepal

PhD Scholar, Sai Nath University, Jharkhand, India

-Pamela While

Home Office DirectorRVWRMP II, Nepal

PhD Scholar, University of Helsinki, Finland

P R E S E N T A T I O N H I G H L I G H T S

Brief introduction about RVWRMP

Background information about the project area

Livelihood intervention

Stepping towards productive sanitation

Approach to human urine in the projectApproach to human urine in the project

Recent trend & the result on productive sanitation

Limitations

Conclusion

Always fighting,

the challenges of remoteness, rugged terrain, food insecurity, water scarcity, climate change and the post-conflict

legacy.

B A C K G R O U N D I N F O R M A T I O N

B A C K G R O U N D…….

Access to safe drinking water 47% in 2007/8 ; 72% in 2011

Access to sanitation 3% in 2008 ; 45% in 2011

Poverty from 64.1% (Bajura) to 33.6% (kailali) against national average poverty rate of 25.16 %

Of the total HHs, 18% in Mid and 31.2% in FWDR are dependent on leasehold land for basic food security

Chemical fertilizer in FWDR in the year 2013/14 -8763.2 MT out of 180140.6 MT i.e4.8% of the total available in the country

Source: HDIN, UN 2011; rvwrmp BL 2007/11; NLSS 2011; MoAD Nepal website

District/ Region

EDIBLE PRODUCTION (metric tons - mt)Total

edibleRequire

mentBalance

Rice Maize Wheat Millet BarleyBuck-wheat

Prod’N(mt.)

(mt) (+,-)

Bajura 4119 933 5173 2115 414 9 12762 27169 -14407

Bajhang 11171 3366 17327 1662 761 3 34291 38813 -4522

Darchula 5976 7741 10820 627 462 64 25690 25973 -283

Far west Mountain 21265 12040 33319 4404 1637 77 72743 91955 -19212

Achham 16878 4951 19196 2680 154 0 43858 53068 -9210

Doti 12298 680 27475 4707 65 7 45232 42773 2459

Baitadi 7715 11858 19388 741 444 0 40146 51443 -11297

Dadeldhura 8911 4211 15411 210 57 0 28800 29148 -348

Far West Hills 45802 21700 81470 8338 720 7 158036 176432 -18396

Source: MoAD, GoN (Statistical information 2012/13)

B A C K G R O U N D……. Food security situation at a glimpse

B R I E F I N T R O D U C T I O N O N R V W R M P

Drinking water and sanitation

Irrigation

Micro Hydro

Livelihoods and cooperatives: food security, nutrition

Capacity building

Gender and Social Inclusion

Post construction

Study and Research

A tiny contribution towards

Result 2:

Improved and sustainable

nutrition, food security and sustainable income at

community level through natural resources based

livelihood development.

L I V E L I H O O D I N T E R V E N T I O N

Cooperative

WUMP

On/Off F. MEsHome

garden “Proposed MDG GoalS:

End hunger, achievefood security

and improved nutrition, and

promotesustainable

agriculture”

Advancedlevel

S T E P P I N G T O W A R D S P R O D U C T I V E S A N I T I O N

Piloting 136 Ecosanwith double pit

water seal in phase I

Stage I

Productive sanitation limited to Human

urine in most cases

Stage IV

Early impact remained

impressive, O & M stage declined the interest on eco-san

Stage III

Eco-village concept demonstrated in 5

project VDCs; human faeces and urine compulsory for home gardens

Stage II

A P P R O A C H T O H U M A N U R I N E-communications

Demonstrations in schools

Trainings and demonstrations in field/festivals

Mobilization of local resource persons-village to village

Mobilization of Health Promoters, Livelihood Promoters

Approach to human urine in the projectExperiments carried out by farmers simply at their own farm with control plots

Communication through local radio/FMs

Follow ups

Liquid pesticides, fertilizer & irrigation

Demonstration-with & without human urine

Awareness raising on human urine- Training to Livelihood Promoters; Leader Farmers through

demonstrations

Trail at soil center, Regional Office

Ecosan-plastic or cement tank

Bottles or jars-Men and boys

Half cut jars-Women and girls

Collection of human urine

Collection of human urine

Users friendly

technologies

Storage in airtight jar/bottles/tanks

(summer-2 weeks, winter-3 to 4

weeks)

Urine application methods

Ratio 1:3-10; urine: water

45 days’ after transplantation (Snow crown cauliflower)

R E C E N T T R E N D/R E S U L T - T O W A R D S F O O D S E C U R I T Y S O L U T I O N S

With human urine

Without human urine

Demonstration at farmer's field

138 25

1010

3121

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2014/15

Nu

mb

er o

f h

ou

seh

old

s u

sin

g h

um

an u

rin

eHuman Urine Use

Achham

Baitadi

Bajhang

Bajura

Dadeldhura

Dailekh

Darchula

Doti

Humla

Kailali

R E C E N T T R E N D …………..

3121 HHs i.e10% of the total home gardening 29910 HHs or 36% of 8654

commercial HHs are using

human urine. The trend of using human

urine is interestingly

increasing

401

721

59

131

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Pro

du

ctio

n in

mt

RVWRMP working districts

Sold (mt)without usinghuman urine

Sold (mt) usinghuman urine

Income withouthuman urine(US$ in '000)

Income withhuman urine(US$ in '000)

R E C E N T R E S U L T …………..

HH income increased

by 122%

Production increased by 80%

Earning ranges from $300 to

$2000; increasing employment

opportunities at community level

Productive sanitation

Sanitation

Water resources management

2015

2012

2010

Use of human urine

Support to food security

2010

2012

2015

Saving in cooperative

R E C E N T ………T O W A R D S F O O D S E C U R I T Y S O L U T I O N S

Happiness Indicators towards food security solutions

L I M I T A T I O N S

Yet to be included in policy level

Cultural/religious beliefs

Lack of Farmers’ friendly IEC materials

Less awareness on organic value of produces

Approach to human urine in the project

C O N C L U S I O N S

Human urine can work as alternative source to costly chemical fertilizer

Human urine increases both income and crop yield.

Promotion of human urine as a fertilizer to be included in Agriculture policy.

Increased vegetable consumption has caused positive impacts on health of children and women

Increased incomes via productive sanitation allow farmers to cover the maintenance cost and thus contribute to the sustainability of water schemes

Farmers’ friendly manual linking to productive sanitation and agriculture should be developed with consistent message among development actors to ensure

support to food security solutions .

THANK YOU