USDA Fores t Seru ice Resource B u l l e t i n S E - 3 6 September 1976

Changes in Output of Industrial Timber

Products in Georgia, 1971-1974

by

Richard L. Welch

and

Thomas R. Bellamy

GEORGIA

F o r e s t Survey Regions in Georgia.

Changes in Output of Industrial Timber

Products in Georgia, 1971-1974

Richard L. Welch, Resource Analyst and

Thomas R. Bellamy. Associate Mensurationist

Abstract. --The total output o f industrial t imber products in ~ e o r ~ i a a m o u n t e d to almost 986 million cubic feet in 1974, 7 percent more than in 1971. Production of a l l major roundwood products and plant byproducts from softwood and hardwood spe- cies increased. Of the five Fores t Survey Regions in the State, the Southeast Region had the largest total output, the Southwest Region had the greatest percentage increase, and the Central Region had the greatest volume increase. The volume of unused plant residues produced in the State declined by 38 percent be- tween 1971 and 1974, and the volume of unused bark dropped by 35 percent.

Keywords: Roundwood products, p l a n t byproducts, softwood products, hardwood products, unused plant r e s i - dues, rokdwood receipts.

Between detailed t imber surveys, which a r e made at 10-year intervals in Southeastern States, the easiest way to keep track of timber cutting in a State i s to ask forest industries how much wood they a r e using and where it i s coming from. A mill owner i s willing to supply these figures because, when compiled, they help him determine how much wood i s available to his mill. This Bulletin reports the principal changes in use of Georgia wood by fores t industries be- tween 1971 and 1974.

Since one objective was to learn how much wood was being removed f rom the State's fores ts , only primary processing plants were considered. A plant that converts boards f rom a sawmill into furniture, fo r example, was classed a s a secondary processor and was not considered here. Total use of wood by pri- mary processing plants is here called output of industrial timber products. The data reported were obtained by canvassing all such plants that processed Geor- gia wood during 1971 and 1974. Output was divided into two components-- roundwood products and plant byproducts. The second component consists of those initial residues from primary plants that were used a s a roundwood sub- stitute.

In some pa r t s of Georgia, utilization of fo re s t s for t imber products was much heavier than in others . Output of industrial t imber products is therefore reported for regions within the State a s well a s f o r Georgia a s a whole.

In the Southeast Region, where t imber was being harvested almost a s rap- idly a s it was growing in 1971, the roundwood harvest declined. The demand f o r wood remained high in this region, but many of its plants began getting their roundwood f r o m the Southwest o r Central Region o r f r o m other States. As a r e - sult, output of industrial t imber products in the Central and Southwest Regions of Georgia was up.

Output also increased suhstantially in the North Central Region (the Geor- gia Piedmont). P a r t of the increase h e r e was caused by salvage of t r ees killed by the southern pine beetle.

In the northernmost par t of Georgia, there was a decline in numbers of mil ls and in production of saw logs. Even so, much of the wood processed in the region was obtained f rom other regions.

STATEWIDE TRENDS

The total output of industrial t imber products in Georgia amounted to al- most 986 million cubicfeet in 1974, 7 percent more than in 1971. Production of saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood, and plant byproducts f r o m both softwoods and hardwoods increased during this period. Although the numberof p r imary wood- using plants in the State dropped f rom 368 in 1971 to 366 in 1974 (fig. I), the total roundwood received by such plants increased slightly--from 828.9 to 829.2 million cubic feet.

The roundwood received f rom within and outside the State in 1974 was 2 2 million cubic feet l e s s than the roundwood harvested in Georgia that yea r . This was a reversa l of the situation in 1971, when roundwood receipts exceeded the roundwood harvest by 27 million cubic feet. The downward trend in rece ip ts probably did not developuntil 1974. By the end of that yea r , the number of saw- mil ls in operation had dropped f rom a maximum of 301 to only 281.

Plant byproducts were increasingly used a s a roundwood substitute during the 4-year period. Such byproducts comprised 1 percent more of the total out- put of t imber products in 1974 than in 1971. Over the past 14 yea r s , this trend has resulted in a 68-percent increase in the total supply of Georgia 's t imber products, while the production of roundwood has increased by only 55 percent.

Although softwoods provided the bulk of Georgia's industrial t imber prod- uc ts throughout the 4-year period, the production f rom hardwoods increased al- most 20 percent, while that f rom softwoods increased only 5 percent . The increase in demand f o r hardwood products should resu l t in a badly needed im- provment in hardwood utilization.

Figure 1. --Location of primary wood-using plants i n Georgia, 1974.

The proportions of Georgia's harvest used f o r the various industrial prod- uc ts changed li t t le between 1971 and 1974. Pulpwood continued to be the leading product, making up over 60 percent of the total output in the l a t t e r yea r . The only decline between 1971 and 1974 was in the use of roundwood f o r miscellan- eous products such a s poles, piling, fence posts, and cooperage bolts. Gains in the use of plant byproducts f o r these miscellaneous products m o r e than offset this reduction in roundwood.

REGIONAL CHANGES

In 1971, ser ious problems in timber supply existed within severa l of Geor- gia 's five Survey Regions. As a result , changes have occurred in the sources of wood used and in production by the primary processing plants in some of these regions.

Southeast Region

In 1971 and 1974, the Southeast Region had the la rges t total output of in- dustrial t imber products in the State. Regional production of round softwood, however, dropped by over 6 percent between 1971 and 1974. And in the south- ernmost portion of the region, roundwood production declined f r o m both soft- woods and hardwoods (fig. 2). These declines should help to co r rec t a potential imbalance that existed in the regional t imber supply in 1971. At that t ime, net growth of softwoods exceeded total t imber removals of this species group by only 8 percent throughout the region, and in the southernmost portion the total t imber removals of both species groups exceeded the net growth hy 16 percent .

The decline in production of round softwood was partially offset by a 35- percent increase in the output of plant byproducts and a 12-percent increase in production of round hardwood. The net resu l t of these changes was a decline of l e s s than 1 percent in total output of industrial t imber products between 1971 and 1974.

Throughout the 4-year period, the number of p r i m a q wood-using plants in the Southeast Region remained a t 77, and the demand for t imber products f r o m the region remained high. Twelve counties in the region each provided roundwood to 20 o r more mi l l s within and beyond their borders (fig. 3). The total roundwood receipts in the region amounted to almost 385 million cubic feet, o r 46 percent of the total roundwood receipts in the State. Over 37 pe r - cent of the regional receipts came f r o m outside the region.

Southwest Region

In the Southwest Region, the sutput of industrial t imber products r o s e al- most 15 percent between 1971 and 1974--the la rges t percentage increase in the State. Over 64 percent of the increase came f r o m hardwoods. Production of round softwood increased by 1 2 percent, while the utilization of softwood r e s i - dues a s byproducts decreased by 16 percent.

Figure 2. --Changes in output of roundwood products in each county in Georgia, 1971- 1974, in million cubic feet.

Figure 3. --Number of mills that each county in Georgia supplied with roundwood in 1974.

Although gains occurred in all major products made f r o m round hardwood, the increase in round softwood was limited to pulpwood and miscellaneous prod- ucts . The output of softwood saw logs and veneer logs dropped sharply between 1971 and 1974.

Almost half of the 145 million cubic fee t of roundwood received in the r e - gion during 1974 came f rom outside i t s borders . At the same time, over 40 percent of the 125 million cubic feet of harvested roundwood was sent to plants outside the region.

According to the 1971 Fores t Survey f o r the Southwest Region, the in- c reased production of round softwood will not cause any immediate problems to the reg ion ' s t imber resources . However, a major increase in the softwood acreage harvested could resu l t in long-range problems fo r the region. Unless the natural succession of species i s prevented, many of the harvested softwood stands will be converted to hardwoods. If this hardwood encroachment i s not controlled, the region will lose the prospective growth on the harvested ac res . To avoid this loss , reforestat ion should be increased in the region to match the increased harvesting.

Central Region

In the Central Region, the output of industrial t imber products increased by 36 million cubic fee t between 1971 and 1974--the la rges t volume increase in the State. Production rose f r o m both species groups, with softwoods providing more than three-fourths of the total increase.

Although the region 's total harvest in 1974 was only slightly below that of the Southeast Region, ove r 42 percent of i ts harvested wood was sent to plants outside i t s borders . Almost 40 percent of this exported wood went to the South- eas t Region. Wood receipts at the Cent ra l Region's pr imary plants were only half the amount received in the Southeast.

Production of round softwood in the Central Region increased by 12 per- cent during the 4-year period. The 1971 F o r e s t Survey for the Central Region indicated that this increase would not cause an immediate resource problem in the region. As in the Southwest Region, however, the need f o r increased r e - forestation i s evident.

North Central Region

. In the North Central Region, the total output of industrial t imber products increased 14 percent between 1971 and 1974. Softwood roundwood and plant by- products accou~lted f o r a l l of the increase. Production of softwood pulpwood was up by 10 million cubic feet.

T h e r e were 15 more sawmills operating in this region in 1974 than in 1971, and the output of softwood saw logs was up by 5 million cubic feet. Most of the new sawmills were in a r e a s where outbreaks of the southern pine beetle were most severe ; thus, much of the increase in softwood prqduction could have r e - sulted f r o m salvage operations.

In 1974, the North Central Region had the smallest volume of roundwood rece ip ts in the State. Almost 62 percent of i t s harvested roundwood was pulp- wood, and all of this pulpwood was sent to outside mills.

North Region

In the North Region, the total output of industrial t imber products dropped by over 2 million cubic feet between 1971 and 1974. Production of roundwood and plant byproducts f r o m both species groups was down. The number of saw- mil ls operating in the region dropped f r o m 92 in 1971 to 81 in 1974, and the harvest of saw logs dropped by 18 percent. A 14-percent increase in the pro- duction of pulpwood was not enough to offset the lo s s in saw logs.

In 1974, roundwood receipts in the North Region exceeded the roundwood harvest by 20 percent. Roughly 64 percent of the region's receipts of round pulpwood came f rom outside the region.

PLANT RESIDUES

Of the 829.2 million cubic feet of roundwood receipts in the State in 1974, 650.5 million cubic fee t were used f o r principal products. The remaining 178.7 million cubic feet consisted of initial plant residues. Subsequently, 133.9 mil- lion cubic feet of the initial residues--primari ly the coarse mater ia l such a s slabs, edgings, and veneer cores- -were used a s a roundwood substitute and processed a s sma l l saw logs, pulpwood, and miscellaneous products; an addi- tional 19.2 million cubic fee t were used fo r fuel. Only 25.5 million cubic feet, o r 14 percent, of the initial plant res idues were not utilized a s a plant byprod- uct o r fuel. These f igures represent a decided improvement over those for 1971, when 41.4 million cubic feet, o r 2 6 percent, of the initial plant res idues were not used.

Although softwoods made up 84 percent of the roundwood rece ip ts in 1974, they accounted fo r only 59 percent of the unused plant res idues . Most unused plant res idues f rom both species groups were produced a t sawmills in the form of sawdust and other fine material . The la rges t volumes of unused residues were produced in the Southeast and Central Regions.

In addition to wood residues, almost 2.7 million tons of bark were accu- mulated by primary wood-using industries in Georgia in 1974. Utilization of such bark increased f rom just over 50 percent in 1971 to ove r 70 percent in 1974. During both years , most of this bark was used f o r industrial fuel. Other u s e s included mulch, f iber products, domestic fuel, and charcoal; the volume of bark used fo r these products h a s m o r e than doubled since 1971.

HOW THE STUDY WAS MADE

Two methods were used to obtain data on Georgia 's output of industrial t imber products in 1971 and 1974. All pulpmills that drew wood f rom Georgia during those y e a r s were canvassed by mail. Personal interviews were con- ducted at a l l other pr imary wood-using industr ies that draw wood f rom Georgia during the two survey years . The pulpmills were canvassed by the Southeastern F o r e s t Experiment Station in cooperation with the American Pulpwood Associ- ation. Interviews at the other industr ies were conducted by the Georgia F o r - e s t ry Commission, and the data were processed by the Southeastern Station.

Detailed data f r o m these surveys appear in the Appendix in tables 1-13. Some smal l mil ls were missed, and some reporting e r r o r s exist. Although these omissions and e r r o r s have li t t le o r no effect on the State o r regional fig- u r e s presented, they could greatly affect some of the county figures. County figures, therefore, should be used only in compiling information on groups of counties.

APPENDIX

Definitions of T e r m s

Coarse residues. --Wood residues suitable f o r chipping, such a s slabs, edgings, and veneer cores .

Fine residues. --Wood residues not suitable f o r chipping, such a s sawdust and shavings.

Growing-stock trees. --Live t rees of commercial species that ei ther con- tain o r a r e capable of producing at least one 12-foot saw log.

Growing-stock volume. --Net volume in cubic feet of growing-stock t rees 5.0 inches d. b. h. and over, f rom a 1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top di- ameter outside bark of the central stem, o r to the point where the central s tem breaks into limbs. (Net volume in primary fo rks i s included. )

Hardwoods. --Dicotyledonous t rees, usually broad leaved and deciduous.

Industrial wood. --All roundwood products except fuelwood.

Net annual growth. --The increase in volume for a specific yea r .

Plant byproducts. --Wood products, such a s pulp chips, obtained inciden- tally to production of other manufactured products.

P r imary wood-using plants (industries). --Those plants o r industries that utilized roundwood products in the manufacture of their principal products. (Plants that utilize only plant byproducts a s a substitute fo r roundwood a r e in- cluded. )

Roundwood products. --Logs, bolts, o r other round sections cut f r o m t r ees fo r industrial o r consumer uses .

Softwoods. --Coniferous t r e e s, usually evergreen, having needles o r scale-like leaves .

Timber products. --Roundwood products and plant byproducts.

Timber removals. --The net volume of growing-stock t r e e s removed f r o m the inventory by harvesting; by cultural operations such a s stand improvement; o r by land clearing o r changes in land use.

Unused plant residues. --Wood material f rom manufacturing plants not utilized for some product.

Conversion Fac to r s

Cubic feet of wood per s tandard unit

Saw logs Thousand board feet' 198.005 188.986 Veneer logs Thousand boa rd feet1 177.145 172.005 Pulpwood Standard co rds 74.490 75.600 Other products Thousand cubic feet .001 .001

Product

1 International $-inch ru le .

Standard unit Softwood Hardwood

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bellamy, Thomas R. 1971. F o r e s t s t a t i s t i c s f o r southeast Georgia, 1971. USDA F o r . Serv . Resou r . Bull.

SE-21, 34 p. Southeast . F o r . Exp. Stn., Asheville, N.C.

Bellamy, Thomas R. 1972. Southern pulpwood production, 1971. USDA F o r . S e w . Resour . Bull. SE-23. 20 p.

Southeast. F o r . Exp. Stn. , Asheville, N.C.

Bellamy, Thomas R. 1974. Roundwood movement between Georgia and o t h e r s ta tes , 1971. USDA F o r . Se rv . Res.

Note SE-199, 3 p. Southeast. F o r . Exp. Stn., Asheville, N. C.

Bellamy, Thomas R. 1974. Southern pulpwood production, 1973. USDA F o r . S e n . Resour . Bull. SE-29, 22 p.

Southeast . F o r . Exp. Stn.. Asheville, N.C.

Bertelson, Daniel F. 1973. Southern pulpwood production. 1972. USDA F o r . Serv. Resour . Bull. SO-41, 25 p.

South. F o r . Exp. S tn . , New Or l eans , La.

Bertelson, Daniel F. 1975. Southern pulpwood production, 1974. USDA F o r . Serv. Resour . Bull. SO-54, 24 p.

South. F o r . Exp. Stn. , New Or l eans , La.

Boyce, Stephen G.. and J o e P. McCiure 1975. How to keep one- th i rd of Georgia in pine. USDA F o r . Serv . Res . Pap . SE-144, 23 p.

Southeast . F o r . Exp. Stn., Asheville, N. C.

Butts , Pau l M.. and Wesley L. Wells , Jr. 1915. Wood-using i ndus t r i e s in Georgia: a ut i l izat ion r e p o r t and d i rec tory . Ga. F o r .

Comm. , Macon. Ga.

Cathey, Rober t A. 1972. F o r e s t s t a t i s t i c s f o r c e n t r a l Georgia, 1972. USDA F o r . Serv . Resour . Bull. SE-22,

34 p. Southeast. F o r . Exp. S tn . , Asheville, N.C.

Georgia F o r e s t r y Commiss ion 1974. Southern pine bee t le infestat ion modera te . Ga. F o r . 4(29):4-5.

Knight, He rbe r t A. 1971. F o r e s t s t a t i s t i c s f o r southwest Georgia, 1971. USDA F o r . Serv . Resou r . Bull.

SE-19, 34 p. Southeast . F o r . Exp. Stn. , Asheville, N.C.

Knight, H e r b e r t A. 1972. F o r e s t s t a t i s t i c s f o r xor th cen t r a l Georgia, 1972. USDA F o r . Serv . Resou r . Bull.

SE-24, 34 p. Southeast . F o r . Exp. Stn. , Asheville, N.C.

Knight, He rbe r t A. 1973. F o r e s t s t a t i s t i c s f o r nor th Georgia, 1912. USDA F o r . Serv. Resour . Bull. SE-25,

34 p. Southeast. F o r . Exp. S tn . , Asheville, N.C.

Knight, He rbe r t A. 1973. Land-use changes which affected Georg i a ' s f o r e s t land, 1961-1972. USDA F o r . Serv .

Res. Note SE-189, 4 p. Southeast. F o r . Exp. Stn.. Asheville, N.C.

Knight, Herbe r t A , , and Joe P. McClure 1974. Georgia 's t imber, 1972. USDA F o r . Serv. Resour. Bull. SE-27. 48 p. Southeast.

F o r . Exp. Stn., Asheville, N.C.

Larson, Robert W. , and Benjamin Spada 1963. Georgia 's t imber. USDA F o r . Serv. Resour. Bull. SE-1. 39 p. Southeast. F o r .

Exp. Stn. , Asheville, N. C.

Index to Detailed Tables

Output of industrial t imber products, by source of material , year , product, and species group, Georgia

Output of industrial t imber products, by source of material , yea r , product, and species group, Southeast Region

Output of industrial t imber products, by source of material , year , product, and species group, Southwest Region

Output of industrial t imber products, by source of material , year , product, and species group, Central Region

Output of industrial t imber products, by source of material , year , product, and species group, North Central Region

Output of industrial t imber products, by source of material , year , product, and species group, North Region

Number of pr imary wood-using plants, by F o r e s t Survey Region, year , and industry

Industrial roundwood movement, by year, and spec ies group, Georgia

Industrial roundwood movement, by F o r e s t Survey Region,and species group, 1974

Volume of unused plant residues a t pr imary wood-using industries, by in- dustry, species group, and type of residue, 1974

Volume of unused plant residues, by F o r e s t Survey Region, species group, and industry, 1974

Disposal of bark at pr imary wood-using industries, by species group, yea r , and disposition

Roundwood products output, by species group, year , and county, in Georgia

Table 1 . - - 0 u t ~ u t of i n e u s t r i a l tirdoer products , by source of m a t e r i a l , yea r , product , and s p e c i e s group, Georgia

' Tocal ou tpu t Roundwooc ou tpu t : Eyproduct output Product and

s p e c i e s group 1 1971 : 1974 1971 , ' 1974 : , 1971 1974

. . . . . . . . - Thousznd cub ic f e e t - - - - - -

Saw l o g s :

Softwood Hardilood

T o t a l

Veneer logs and b o l t s :

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

Miscel laneous:

Softslood Hardwood

T o t a l

A l l i n d u s t r i a l :

Softwood Hardwaod

T o t a l

1/ 1971 roundwood f i g u r e s i n c l u d e 16,870 thousand c u b i c f e e t of softwood and 1,278-thousand cubic f e e t of hardwood roundwood chipped a t o t h e r primary wood- us ing p l a n t s . 1974 roundwood f i g u r e s inc lude 19,632 thousand cub ic f e e t of s o f t - wood and 3,705 thousand cubic f e e t of hardwood roundwood chipped a t o t h e r primary wood-using p l a n t s .

T d o l e 2.--Output of i n d u s t r i a l t imber products, by source of mate r ia l , year , product, and spec ies group, Southeast Region

To t a l output : Roundwood output : Byproduct output Product and species group

' 1974 1 1971 : 1974 : 1971 1 1974 1 1971 :

- . . - - - - - Thousand cubic f e e t - - - - - - - -

Saw logs :

Softwood 72,511 78,519 72,511 75,933 .. - - 2,586

Hardwood 7,735 12,719 7,735 12,719 - - Tota l 60,246 91,238 80,246 88,652 - - 2,586

Veneer logs and bo l t s :

softwood 9,285 10,705 9,285 10,705 - - .-

Hardwood 3,941 3,232 3,941 3,232 - - - - Tota l 13,226 13,937 13,226 13,937 -- - -

l / Pulpwood:-

softwood 204,624 190,532 176,769 158,479 25,855 32,053 Hardwood 20,109 20,247 16,797 16,036 3,312 4 ,211

To t a l 224,733 210,779 195,566 174,515 29,167 36,264

Miscellaneous:

softwood 16,557 15,759 13,227 11,264 3,330 4,475 Hardwood 9 715 - - 9 715 - -

Tota l 16,566 16,474 13,227 11,284 3,339 5,190

A l l i ndus t r i a l :

Softwood 302,977 295,515 273,792 256,401 29,185 39,114 Hardwood 31,794 36,913 28,473 31,967 3,321 4,926

Tota l 334,771 332,428 302,265 286,368 32,506 44,040

11 1971 roundwood f i gu re s include 10,966 thousand cubic f e e t of softwood and 991 thousand cubic f e e t of hardwood roundwood chipped a t other primary wood-using p l an t s . 1974 roundwood f i gu re s include 11,327' thousand cubic f e e t of softwood and 1,560 thousand cubic f e e t of hardwood roundwood chipped a t other primary wood- using p lan ts .

Table ?.--Output of i n d u s t r i a l t i m b e r products , by source of m a t e r i a l , yea r , product , and s p e c i e s group, Southwest Region

Product and T o t a l ou tpu t Roundwood ou tpu t : Byproduct output s p e c i e s group

1971 1 1974 1 1971 1 1974 1971 1 1974

. . . . - . . . Thousand cub ic f e e t - - - - - - - - -

Saw logs:

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

Veneer l o g s and b o l t s :

softwood 3,104 2,966 3,104 2,966 - - - - Hardwood 4,233 6 ,138 4 ,233 6 ,138 -. --

T o t a l

I/ Pulpwood : -

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

Miscel laneous :

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

A l l i n d u s t r i a l :

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

11 1971 roundwood f i g u r e s i n c l u d e 134 thousand cub ic f e e t of softwood round- wood ch ipped a t o t h e r pr imary wood-using p l a n t s . 1974 roundwood f i g u r e s inc lude 3,470 thousand cub ic f e e t of softwood roundwood chipped a t o t h e r primary wood- us ing p l a n t s .

Table 4.--output of i n d u s t r i a l t imber products , by source of material, year, product, and species group, Central Region

' Total output : Roundwood output : Byproduct output Product and species group 1 1971 . : 1974 1971 j 1974 : ' 1971 1 1974

- - - - - - - - - Thousand cubic f e e t - - - - - - - - -

Saw logs:

Softwood Hardwood

Tota l 108,512 108,156 108,471 108,028 4 1 128

Veneer logs and b o l t s :

softwood 13,669 13,973 13,669 13,973 - - - - IIardwood 3,648 4,304 3,648 4,304 .. -.

Tota l 17,317 18,277 17,317 19,277 - - - -

Pulpwood: r/ Softwood 130,899 158,066 102,646 129,297 28,253 28,769 Hardwood 24,434 31,377 17,223 23,190 7,211 8,187

To t a l 155,333 189,443 119,869 152,487 35,464 36,956

Miscellaneous:

Softwood Hardwood

To t a l 8,413 10,050 2,279 1,161 6,134 8,889

A l l i ndus t r i a l :

softwood 233,203 261,076 200,161 224,805 33,042 36,271 Hardwood 56,372 64,850 47,775 55,148 8,597 9,702

Tota l 289,575 325,926 247,936 279,953 41,639 45,973

1/ 1971 roundwood f i gu re s include 5,750 thousand cubic f e e t of softwood and - 287 thousand cubic f e e t of hardwood roundwood chipped a t other primary wood-using p lan ts . 1974 roundwood f i gu re s include 4,835 thousand cubic f e e t of softwood and 2,145 thousand cubic feet of hardwood roundwood chipped a t other primary wood- using p lan ts .

Table 5.--Output of i n d u s t r i a l t imber products , by source of m a t e r i a l , yea r , product, and s p e c i e s group, North C e n t r a l Region

' T o t a l ou tpu t Roundwood output : Byproduct output Product and s p e c i e s group

: 1974 . : 1971 1974 : 1971 : ' 1971 : : 1974

- - - - - - - - - Thousand cub ic f e e t - - - - - - - - -

Saw logs :

softwood 21,473 26,743 21,473 26,743 -- ..

Hardwood 10,507 10 , 524 10,507 10,524 - - - - T o t a l 31,980 37,267 31,980 37,267 - - - -

Veneer l o g s and b o l t s :

softwood 1,089 1 1,089 1,121 - - -. Hardwood 1 ,215 1 ,315 1, 215 1 ,315 -- - -

T o t a l 2,304 2,436 2,304 2,436 - . ..

Fulpwood:

oftw wood 57,220 67,382 54,061 61,933 3,159 5,449 Hardwood 6 ,705 6,276 4,365 4,320 2 ,340 1 ,956

T o t a l 63,925 73,658 58,426 66,253 5,499 7,405

Miscellaneous:

softwood 1,984 1,486 581 9 1,403 1,257 Hardwood 857 7 7 1 122 29 735 742

T o t a l 2 ,841 2,257 703 258 2,138 1 ,999

A l l i n d u s t r i a l :

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l 101,050 115,618 93,413 106,214 7,637 9,404

Table 6.--Output of i n d u s t r i a l t imber products , by source o f m a t e r i a l , year, p roduc t , and species group, North Region

: T o t a l output : Roundwood output : Byproduct ou tpu t Product and " .

s p e c i e s group 1 1971 . ' 1974 1971 1974 . ' 1971 . 1974

Saw l o g s :

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

. . . - . . . . Thousand cubic f e e t - - - - - - - -

Veneer l o g s and b o l t s :

Softwood .- - - .. - - . - . .

Hardwood 16 3 306 163 306 - - - - T o t a l 16 3 306 163 306 - - ..

Pulpwood :

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

Miscel laneous:

Softwood Hardwood

T o t a l

A l l i n d u s t r i a l :

Softwood 47,022 44,854 40,528 39,370 6,494 5,484 Hardwood 14,135 14,068 ~ , 6 4 6 ~ , 4 7 6 1,489 1,592

T o t a l 61,157 58,922 53,174 51,846 7,983 7,076

Table 8. - - Indus t r i a l roundwood movement, by year, and species group, Georgia

1971 Species group 1974

Thousand cubic f e e t

Softwoods:

Output 682,548 712,644 Retained 578,369 586,975 Shipped o u t 104,179 125,669 Shipped i n 112,579 92,054 Receipts 690,948 679,029

Hardwoods:

output 119,258 139, 025 Retained 109,131 124,928 Shipped out 10,127 14,097 Shipped i n 28,774 25,249 Receipts 137,905 150,177

A l l species:

output 801,806 551,669 Retained 687,500 711,903 Shipped out 114,306 139,766 Shipped i n 141,353 117,303 Receipts 828,853 829,206

Table 9 . - - I n d u s t r i a l roundwood movement, by F o r e s t Survey Region, and spec ies group, 1974

F o r e s t Survey Region

S p e c i e s group : ' North . Southeas t : Southwest : C e n t r a l : . C e n t r a l North

- - . - - . - - Thousand c u b i c f e e t - - - - - -

Softwoo6s:

o u t p u t Retained Shipped ou t Shipped i n Rece ip t s

Hardwoods:

o u t p u t Retained Shipped ou t Shipped i n Rece ip t s

All spec ies :

o u t p u t Retained Shipped ou t Shipped i n Rece ip t s

Table 10.--Volume of unused p l a n t r e s i d u e s a t primary wood-using i n d u s t r i e s , by indus t ry , s p e c i e s group, and type of r e s i d u e , 1974

Spec ies group: I Veneer 1 and type of : All i n d u s t r i e s : Lumber : and : Other

r e s i d u e : : plywood :

. ..- Thousand cub ic f e e t - - - -

Softwoods:

Coarse 2,320 2 ,304 2 14 Shavings 735 735 -. -.

Other f i n e 12,061 1 1 , 8 2 1 170 70

T o t a l 15,116 14,860 172 84

Hardwoods:

Coarse 2,176 1,996 60 120 Shavings 342 342 - - - - Other f i n e 7,905 6 , 5 0 1 1,357 47

T o t a l 10,423 8,839 1,417 167

A l l s p e c i e s :

Coarse 4,496 4,300 62 134 Shavings 1,077 1,077 - - - . Other f i n e 19,966 18,322 1 ,527 117

T o t a l 25,539 23,699 1,589 251

Table 11.--Volume of unused p l a n t r e s i d u e s , by F o r e s t Survey Region, s p e c i e s group, and indus t ry , 1974

F o r e s t Survey Region Species group . and i n d u s t r y ' T o t a l '

: Southeas t : Southwest : C e n t r a l : ' North : North C e n t r a l : -

- - - - . - . . . Thousand cub ic f e e t - - - - - - - - -

Softwood:

Lumber Veneer and plywood Other

T o t a l

Hardwood:

Lumber Veneer and plywood Other

T o t a l

A l l s p e c i e s :

Lumber 23,699 5,229 2,677 7,725 4,423 3,645 Veneer and p p u o o d 1,589 786 372 201 230 - - Other 251 76 . . 175 .. - -

T o t a l 25,539 6 ,091 3,049 8 ,101 4,653 3,645

Table 12. - -Disposal of b a r k a t primary wood-using i n d u s t r i e s , by s p e c i e s group, y e a r , and d i s p o s i t i o n

' A l l s ~ e c i e s ' Softwood Hardwood D i s p o s i t i o n

: 1971 1974 i 1971 j 1974 i 1971 : ' 1974

. . . - - . - . . Thousand g reen t o n s - - - - - - - - -

F i b e r p roduc t s 27.1 40.2 18.9 21.9 8 . 2 18.3

Charcoal 1 . 0 5 . 2 0 .2 2.2 0.8 3.0

I n d u s t r i a l f u e l 1 ,308.3 1,742.5 1 ,084.3 1 ,459.9 224.0 282.6

Domestic f u e l 9 .6 11.1 5.7 5 .4 3.9 5.7

Miscel laneous 28.8 98.2 25.0 91.5 3.8 6.7

Not used 1,265.4 828.3 1 ,026 .1 582.5 239.3 245.8

ia T o t a l 2,640.2 2 ,725.5 2,160.2 2,163.4 480.0 562.1

11 Table 13.--Roundwood produc ts output , - by s p e c i e s group, year, and county, i n Georgia

A11 species Soitwood Hardwood Survey u n i t and county :

: 1971 : 1974 1 1 9 7 1 i 1974 j 1971 i 1974

- - - - - . - - - . . Thousand c u b i c f e e t - - - - - - - . . . . Southeas t :

Appling Atkinson Ezcon Bran t ley Bryan Bul lach Camden Candler Char l ton chatman Clinch Coffee Dodge Echols E f f i n g h m h a n u e l Evans Glynn J e f f Davis J e & i n s Johnson Laurens L i b e r t y Long McIntash Montgomery Pierce Screven T a i t n a l l T e l f a i r Toomha T r e u t l e n Ware Wayne Wheeler

T o t a l

Southwest:

Baker Ben H i l l B e r r i e n Brooks C o l q u i t t Cool< C r i s p Decatur Doolv ~ a r Grady I r d i n L a n i e ~

M i l l e r M i t c h e l l Seminole Thomas T i f t Turner Wilcox Worth

T o t a l

11 Table 13.--Roundwoad products output ,- by spec ies group, year , and county, i n Georgia (cont inued)

A l l species Softwood Xardwood Survey unit and county

: 1971 : 1974 j 1971 j 1974 j 1971 1974

---........ Thousand ccbic i e e t - - -

Centra l :

Baldwin Bibb Bleckley Burke Butts Calhoun Chattahoochee ChY Columbia Cravf ord Dougherty Glascock Greene Hancock Harr i s Houston Jasper J e f f e r son Jones b a r Lee Lincoln

Central :

M c k f f i e Macon Marion Monroe Morgan Muscogee Peach Pike Pulask i Putnam Quitman Randolph Richmond Schley Stewart Surnter Talbot T a l i a f e r r o Taylor T e r r e l l Twiggs ups on Warren Washington Webster Wi&es W i a i n s a n

T o t a l

11 Table 13.--Roundwood products output,- by species group, year, and county, i n Georgia (cont inued)

A l l spec ies Softwood Hardwood Survey u n i t and ~ o u n t y :

: 1971 : 1974 j 1971 j 1974 i 1971 : 1974

- - - - - - - . . . - Thousand cubic feet - - -

North Cent ra l :

Banks Barrow Ca r ro l l Clarke Clayton Cobb Caweta EeKalb Douglas E lbe r t Fayet te Forsyth Frankl in Fulton Gwinnett Hall Haralson Hart Heard Henry Jackson Madison Merivether Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Polk Rockdale Spalding *oup wa1ton

To ta l

Ba r t aw Catoosa Chattooga Cherokee Dade Daws an Fannin Floyd Gi lmer Gordon Haber~ham Lumpkin Murray Pickens Rabun Stephens Towns Union Walker White Whitefield

Total

A l l count ies 783,658 828,332 665,678 693, 012 117,980 135,320

Y Excludes round pulpwood chipped at other prlinary wood-using i n d u s t r i e s .

Welch. Richard L . , and Thomas R . Bellamy 1976. Changes in output of industrial t imber products in

Georgia, 1971-1974, USDA F o r . Serv. Resour. Bull. SE-36, 28 p. S o u t h e a s t . F o r . Exp. Stn., Aaheville, N .C .

The total output of industrial t imber products in Georgia amounted to almost 086 million cubic feet in 1974, 7 percent more than in 1071. Production of a l l major roundwood prod- ucts and plant byproducts from softwood and hardwood spe- c i e ~ increased. Of the five Fores t Survey Regions in the State, the Southeast Region lrad the l a rges t total output. the Southwest Region had the greatest percentage mcrease, and the Central Region had the greatest volume increase . The volume of unused plant residues produced in the State de- clined by 38 percent between 1971 and 1074, and the volume of unused b a r k dropped by 35 percent.

Keywords: Roundwood products, plant byproducts. softwood products, hardwood products, unused plant resl- dues. roundwood receipts .

Welch, Richard L. . and Thomas R. Bellamy 1976. Changes in output of indus tna l t imber products in

Georgia, 1971-1974. USDA F o r . Serv. Hesour. Bull. SE-36, 28 p. S o u t h e a s t . For. Exp. Stn., Asheville, N.C.

~ h c total output of industrial t imber products in Georgia amounted to almost 986 million cubic feet in 1974, 7 percent more than in 1971. Production of a l l major roundwood prod- ucts and plant byproducts f rom softwood and hardwood spe- c ies increased. Of the five Fores t Survey Regions in the State, the Southeast Region had the l a rges t total output, the Southwest Region had the greatest percentage increase, and the Central Region had the greatest volume increase. The volume of unused plant residues produced in the State de - clined by 38 percent between 1971 and 1974, and the volume of unused b a r k dropped by 35 percent.

K e p o r d s : Roundwood products, plant byproducts, sonwood pi'oducts, hardwood products. unused plant r e s i - dues, roundwood receipts.

The Forest Service, U. S. Department

of Agriculture, is dedicated to the

principle of multiple use management

of the Nation's forest resources for

sustained yields of wood, water, for-

age, wildlife, and recreation. Through

forestry research, cooperation with

the States and private forest owners,

and management of the National

Forests and National Grasslands, it

strives-as directed by Congress-

to provide increasingly greater service

to a growing Nation.

USDA pol icy d o e s not p e r m i t d i sc r imina t ion b e c a u s e of r a c e , co lo r , national or ig in , s e x o r rel igion. Any p e r s o n who be l i eves he o r s h e h a s been d i sc r imina ted aga ins t i n a n y USDA-related ac t iv i ty should wr i t e immedi - a t e l y to the S e c r e t a r y of A g r i c u l t u r e , Washington, D. C. 20250.