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Prof. Neil Gershenfeld Director http://cba.mit.edu/~neilg NSF CCR-0122419. Bits and Atoms: Grand Challenges. it from bit: how can functional description be embodied in physical form?. computational assembly. RF biology. programmable design. personal fabrication. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Prof. Neil GershenfeldDirector
http://cba.mit.edu/~neilg
NSF CCR-0122419
Bits and Atoms:Bits and Atoms:Grand ChallengesGrand ChallengesBits and Atoms:Bits and Atoms:
Grand ChallengesGrand Challenges
it from bit: how can functional description be embodied in physical form?
bit from it: how can functional description be abstracted from physical form?
statistical-mechanical engineering
quantum-mechanical engineeringanalog logic
silicon biology
RF biologycomputational assembly
personal fabricationprogrammable design
ThresholdsThresholdsThresholdsThresholds
noise
errors
1948: Communications (Shannon)
1963: Computation (Winograd, von Neumann)
~2003: Fabrication (Jacobson, Knight, …)
RF BiologyRF BiologyRF BiologyRF Biology
Remote Electronic Control of DNA Hybridization Through Inductive Coupling to an Attached Metal
Nanocrystal Antenna, K. Hamad-Schifferli, J.J. Schwartz, A.T. Santos, S.G. Zhang, and J.M.
Jacobson, Nature (415) pp. 152-155, 2002
MicroencapsulatedMicroencapsulatedElectropheresisElectropheresis
MicroencapsulatedMicroencapsulatedElectropheresisElectropheresis
B. Comiskey, J.D. Albert,H. Yoshizawa and J. Jacobson
An Electrophoretic Ink for All-PrintedReflective Electronic Displays
Nature (394), 253-5 (1998)
NanotecticsNanotecticsNanotecticsNanotecticsBrent Ridley, Babak Nivi, and Joseph Jacobson,
All-Inorganic Field Effect Transistors Fabricated by Printing,Science (286) 746, 1999
Printed MemoryPrinted MemoryPrinted MemoryPrinted Memory(Brian Hubert)
3D Inkjet Printing3D Inkjet Printing3D Inkjet Printing3D Inkjet Printing
(Joe Jacobson)
Printed Electro-Mechanical SystemsPrinted Electro-Mechanical SystemsPrinted Electro-Mechanical SystemsPrinted Electro-Mechanical Systems
MEMS ($1B, 1) vs PEMS ($1k, 1mm)
nm
mm
μm
in outFabricationFabricationFabricationFabrication
m
Making AnythingMaking AnythingMaking AnythingMaking Anything
How To MakeHow To Make(almost) Anything(almost) Anything
How To MakeHow To Make(almost) Anything(almost) Anything
How To Make Something That Makes (almost) Anything
ScreamBodyScreamBodyScreamBodyScreamBody(Kelly Dobson)
Interpet ExplorerInterpet ExplorerInterpet ExplorerInterpet Explorer(Irene Pepperberg, Ben Resner)
Personal Toy FabricationPersonal Toy FabricationPersonal Toy FabricationPersonal Toy Fabrication
The Liberal ArtsThe Liberal ArtsThe Liberal ArtsThe Liberal Arts
The Trivium• Grammar • Rhetoric • Logic
The Quadrivium• Arithmetic • Geometry • Music • Astronomy
Liberation, Mastery
Literacy
CBA Fab LabsCBA Fab LabsCBA Fab LabsCBA Fab Labs(Computer Clubhouses, Congress,
National Academies, World Bank, …)
fabrication, instrumentation divides
Boston
Costa Rica
PCB fab
3D scan/mill
analyticalinstrumentation
modularelectronics
India
Norway
space (m), time (s)
Fab Lab ProcessesFab Lab ProcessesFab Lab ProcessesFab Lab Processes
• Precision machining– PCBs
– 3D output
• NC cutting– flex circuits
– antennas
– interconnect
– masks
• Instrumentation– optical spectroscopy
– microscopy
– metrology
– 3D scanning
• Instrumentation Development– Towers
– Internet 0
– microcontroller programming
Diesel TimingDiesel TimingDiesel TimingDiesel Timing (Kalbag, Ike Chuang, Amy Sun, Anil Bahuman)
Appropriate Optical SpectroscopyAppropriate Optical SpectroscopyAppropriate Optical SpectroscopyAppropriate Optical Spectroscopy(Caroline McEnnis, Jason Taylor, Debu Goswami)
The TowerThe TowerThe TowerThe Tower• microcontroller• A/D• high-speed A/D• keyboard• camera• SRAM
(Bakhtiar Mikhak, Chris Lyon)
• NC mill• oscilloscope• Net computer• …
• FLASH• DC motor• servo motor• solenoid• LEDs• LCD
• MIDI• audio• RS-232• RS-485• Tower bus• I2C
• USART• USB• ethernet• 802.11b• protoboard• clock
Internet 0Internet 0Internet 0Internet 0
power
analog I/O
programming
controlserial
• IP to leaf nodes• bit size > net size• shared analog modulation• peers don’t need servers• physical programming• implement function, not spec• open standards
(Raffi Krikorian, Sun, …)
ethernet
$1-10 1-10kB
RS-485, IR, ultrasound, powerline, …
CommodityCommodityIncrementalIncremental
InfrastructureInfrastructure
CommodityCommodityIncrementalIncremental
InfrastructureInfrastructureBAWUG, OpenAP, mesh routing
$1-200/hop
Electronic ShepherdElectronic ShepherdElectronic ShepherdElectronic Shepherd(Haakon Karlson, Solvik Gård, Telenor)
LynLynLynLyn
DebuggingDebuggingDebuggingDebugging(Delhi Clubhouse, Mitch Resnick)
SadbhavanaSadbhavanaSadbhavanaSadbhavana(Lt. Gen. Arjun Ray, ret.)
To Follow UpTo Follow UpTo Follow UpTo Follow Up
http://cba.mit.edu/~neilg
Cambridge Series on Information and the Natural SciencesHenry Holt and Company
