PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE By Purwaningsih Slide 2 Definition
of Nursing Nurses unique function is to help individuals, both sick
and well, perform activities that contribute to their health or
recovery (or facilitate a peaceful death) that they would perform
unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge, and
to accomplish this function in such a way as to help individuals
gain independence. V. Henderson, 1960 Slide 3 ANA Definition of
Nursing Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation
of suffering though the diagnosis and treatment of human response,
and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and
populations. ANA, 2003 Slide 4 Characteristics of a Profession
Requires an extended education of its members Has a theoretical
body of knowledge leading to skills, abilities and norms- Based on
a scientific foundation Provides a specific service Maintains
autonomy in decision making and practice Has a code of ethics Slide
5 Foundation of Nursing Theories of nursing Scientific knowledge
Relevance to basic social values Professional autonomy A sense of
commitment A sense of community A code of ethics Slide 6
Characteristics of Expert Clinical Practice Application of
knowledge and clinical expertise Expertise to interpret clinical
situations and make complex decisions Critical thinking is
essential and on going Life long learning is essential due to the
continuing changes in nursing knowledge Experts practice evidence
based nursing care. Slide 7 Scope & Standards of Practice
Standards of Practice Standards of Professional Performance Code of
Ethics Slide 8 Professional Nursing Practice Nurse Practice Acts
Licensure and Certification Science and Art of Nursing practice
Slide 9 Education Associates Degree 3-4 years Baccalaureate Degree
5-6 years Masters Degree 1-2 years Nursing Education Nurse
Practitioner Clinical Nurse Specialist Nurse Anesthetist Nurse
Midwife Nursing Administration PhD/ DNS/EdD 4-8 years Slide 10 ANA
Standards of Professional Performance Quality of practice
Professional Practice Evaluation Education Collegiality Ethics
Collaboration Research Resource Utilization Leadership Slide 11
Nursing Today Registered Nurse Licensed Practical Nurse Nurse
Practitioner Clinical Nurse Specialist Nurse Midwife Slide 12
Current Trends & Issues in Healthcare Excess number of nurses
The quality of nursing education Patient Satisfaction Managed Care
Transcultural Nursing National Patient Safety Initiatives
Evidence-Based Practice Information Age Globalization of Health
Aging Population Slide 13 Patient Satisfaction Press ganey surveys
Good customer service Patient Bill of Rights Treat patients like
family Healthcare is a business Slide 14 Managed Care Goal is to
keep length of stay (LOS) down Capitation Patients are discharged
sooner Patient acuity higher Health Care Plans Case manager work
closely with physicians and insurance companies Slide 15 Evidence
Based Practice Goal is to achieve cost-effective, high quality
patient care based on scientific inquiry Nurses need to understand
research process involved Nursing care should not be based on
opinions, past practices, but on the results of scientific research
Clinical journals Practice guidelines Nursing research Slide 16
Process of Knowledge Development Slide 17 Globalization of Health
Healthcare has become a global issue People are mobile, diseases
can travel Nurses need to have an understanding of the issues
pertaining to global health Slide 18 Practice Settings for Nurses
Hospital Community Based Practice Settings Slide 19 Hospital Based
Nursing Acute care is where largest group of nurses practice
Different Staffing Patterns Skill Mix Changing Increase in skilled
nursing facilities due to aging population and increase in chronic
disease Slide 20 Community Based Nursing Focus on health promotion,
maintenance, education Community Health Centers, Clinics School
Nursing Occupational Health Home Health Physicians Office Managed
Care Organizations Forensics Nursing Slide 21 Nursing Roles
Caregiver Clinical Decision Maker Client Advocate Rehabilitator
Comforter Communicator Collaborator Teacher Slide 22 Professional
Roles & Responsibilities Autonomy & Accountability
Caregiver Client Advocate Educator Manager/Clinical Decision Maker
Communicator Collaborator Career Development Slide 23 Autonomy
& Accountability Autonomy is the essential element of
professional nursing Person is reasonably independent and
self-governing in decision making & practice Increased
autonomy=Increased responsibility Accountability- nurse is
responsible professionally & legally for type & quality of
care provided Regulated through Standards of Practice and Nurse
Practice Act Slide 24 Clinical Decision Maker Utilizes critical
thinking skills and the nursing process Nursing Process:
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation Slide
25 Professional Accountability Responsibility that one assumes for
their practice Obligation to report or account for their actions To
the profession, public, and themselves Slide 26 Accountability
Begins with preconditions Ability Responsibility Authority Ends in
accountability Alliance for Nursing Accreditation (ANA) Slide 27
Client Advocate Nurse protects the clients human and legal rights
Providing information to assist in decision making Patient Bill of
Rights Slide 28 Comforter Role Caring for client as a human being
Role is traditional to nursing Care is directed to whole person,
not just a body part Demonstration of care and concern Slide 29
Communicator Role Role is central to all other roles Involves
communication with client, family, healthcare team members,
resource people, and the community Without clear, concise
communication it will be difficult to give effective care Slide 30
Teacher/Educator Role Explains concepts and facts about health,
demonstrates procedures, reinforces learning, determines
understanding, and evaluates progress of learning Unplanned or
informal education Planned or formal education Slide 31 Nursing
Career Roles Clinician Nurse Educator Advanced Practice Nurse Nurse
Administrator Nurse Researcher Military Nurse Forensic Nursing
Slide 32 Issues in Health Care Delivery Rising health care costs
Evidence based practice Nursing and biomedical research Excess
number of nurses Slide 33 Advanced Nursing Roles Nurse
administrator/manager Nurse education Nurse practitioner Nurse
anesthetist Nurse midwife Nurse researcher Slide 34 Professional
Workforce in the 21 st Century Slide 35 Future Trends in Nursing
Expansion of nursing opportunities Public perception of nursing
Nursings impact on politics and health policy Slide 36
TERIMAKASIH
