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Goods
Goods
Pressure
Pressure
Services
Services
EconomyEconomy
EnvironmentEnvironment
Society Society CultureCulture
The 3 pillars have The 3 pillars have to be balanced in to be balanced in order to achieve order to achieve
Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment
En
vir
on
me
Se
rvic
es
Go
od
s &
Serv
ice
sacts L
abor
Institu
sNatura l
Resourc es
Impacts
E nvironmentAtm osphereHydrosphere
LandB iota
M inera ls
Soc ietyPopulation
LifestyleCulture
Socia l O rganization
E c onomyAgricu lture
HouseholdsIndustry
TransportServices
How do we manage the impacts of the economy and society on the environment ? • Command and Control
e.g. EM Act 2000 –CEC Rules 2001, Water Pollution Rules 2001, Noise Pollution Rules 2001, ESA Rules 2001, ESS Rules 2001-but Air Rules and Waste Rules not law yet. -No environmental legislation passed in last 5 years.
• Economic Incentives deposit refund legislation, tax credits for environmental improvements
• Corporate Responsibility
-e.g. ISO1401 Environmental Management System, Triple bottom line accounting
How do we manage the impacts of the economy and society on the environment
when all other measures fail? • Consumer Resistance
• Public Pressure
Supporting
Services that maintain the conditions for supporting lifeNutrient cycling
e.g. forest, mangroves, coral reefs, plankton
Provisioning
Goods produced or provided by ecosystems.
Food FreshwaterTimberPharmaceutical's
Regulating
Benefits obtained from regulation of
ecosystem processes
Climate regulationDisease control Detoxification
Cultural
Non-material benefits obtained from ecosystems
RecreationalAestheticInspirationalEducational
• .
POTENTIAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FROM THE CARIBBEAN SEA
MA Conceptual Framework
Direct Drivers
Indirect Drivers
EcosystemServices
Human Well-being
Direct Drivers of Change Changes in land use Species introduction or
removal Technology adaptation and
use External inputs (e.g.,
irrigation) Resource consumption Climate change Natural physical and
biological drivers (e.g., volcanoes)
Indirect Drivers of Change Demographic Economic (globalization,
trade, market and policy framework)
Sociopolitical (governance and institutional framework)
Science and Technology Cultural and Religious
Human Well-being and Poverty Reduction
Basic material for a good life Health Good Social Relations Security Freedom of choice and
action
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE COMPLEX FEEDBACKS BETWEEN THE
CLIMATE SYSTEM, BIODIVERSITY AND HUMANS
Socio-Economic Development Paths
• Carbon dioxide• Methane• Nitrous oxide
•Main indirect drivers are population, energy
use,economic growth, technology and land use
• Temperature rise• Sea level rise• Precipitation change• Storm intensity increase
• Human wellbeing• Biodiversity and• Ecosystem Services
Climate System Human & Natural Systems
Enhanced greenhouse
effect
Non-climate change stresses
Interacti
ons
Air pollu
tion Environmental
impacts
Atmospheric Concentrations
Anthropogenic emissions
Climate change impacts
Feedbacks
HealthInsect vectors and infectious diseases
AgricultureCrop yieldsIrrigation demands
Watershed ManagementChanges in water supplyWater quality
Coastal AreasErosion of beaches (loss of coral reefs)Inundation of coastal wetlandsCosts to protect coastal communities
ForestsChange in forest compositionShift geographic range of forestsForest health and productivityCarbon sequestration
Species and Natural AreasShift in ecological zonesLoss of habitat and species
Potential Climate Change ImpactsPotential Climate Change Impacts
Climate Changes
Sea Level Rise
TemperaturePrecipitation
Tropical Storms