PROFICIENCY BADGE-FIRST AID (IBTIDAI TIBBI IMDAD) · Page 1 of 16 AMYNABAD BOY SCOUTS UNIT All the facts and data are as of 17th March 2018 and may change in the future PROFICIENCY

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AMYNABAD BOY SCOUTS UNIT

All the facts and data are as of 17th March 2018 and may change in the

future

PROFICIENCY BADGE-FIRST AID

(IBTIDAI TIBBI IMDAD)

COURSE OUTLINE

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FIRST AID

Help given to a wounded person, to save someone’s life, to reduce pain or the help given to

suddenly ill person till the doctor arrives is called first aid

GOOD FIRST AIDER

Be prepared by regular trainings and practice

Be a good observer

Should know how to cure using available resources

Be friendly and keep the condition under control

Motivate the patient to relax him

Keep yourself cool

Be quick in action

Have good communication skills

PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID

Don’t consider yourself a doctor. You are there to help not for treatment

Call doctor or ambulance immediately in case of big incidents

Don’t panic but motivate

Try to stop bleeding as much as possible

Don’t waste time to recover patient’s breath.

If patient’s face turns yellow, don’t move his head

Cover the patient with any blanket, cloth or shirt

Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse

TRIANGULAR BANDAGES

Easiest bandages

Take a 1 square meter cloth and join opposing end and cut in two

Don’t tie bandages loose, they are of no use

Don’t tighten it that much that it stops blood flow

FOLDS - Open Bandages:- Head, chest, hand, legs, knee, shoulder - Broad fold Bandages:- Small/Half sling, lower part of leg, arm - Narrow fold Bandages:- Splints, Stop blood flow

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1. Small/Half & Large/Full Arm Sling 2. Scalp Bandage 3. Knee Bandage 4. Foot Bandage 5. Hand Bandage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1WXK405Ges

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1WXK405Ges

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TRANSPORT OF CASUALITIES

ONE PERSON AVAILABLE

JHULA

When patient is light.

INSAANI BHESAKI

Put one hand round the back of patient and put his hand round your neck and hold his hand

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TWO PERSONS AVAILABLE

CHAAR HAATHON KI NISHT(SEAT OF FOUR HANDS)

When the patient is able to hold any of the helper.

TEEN HATHON KI NISHT ( SEAT OF THREE HANDS)

When patient’s one hand is not injured and his leg requires support

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DO HATHON KI NISHT (SEAT OF TWO HANDS)

When the patient cannot hold any of the helper

AAGE PECHE HOKAR UTHANA

When the road is narrow and patient cannot be transported by seat of hands

STRETCHERS

Easy and secure

IMPROVISED (KHUD SAKHTA) STRETCHER

Insert two coats or shirts into two parallel wood pieces.Keep the shirts in oppsite direction. Sack, sheet or carpet can also be used

Normally the legs are in front except when:-

- If lower parts are not injured and you are climbing mountains, head in front - If lower parts are injured and you are coming down a high place, head in

front

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ANIMAL BITES

Never lick the wound, poison can enter your body

1) HONEY BEE

To reduce pain and swelling, rub ice in cloth and ammonia, Potassium Per magnate

Remove the sting by pin by pressing the wound

2) WASP

Remove the sting by your nail. Apply ice and ammonia

3) SNAKE

Relax the patient

Try to suck out the venom if possible

Tie a handkerchief above the affected area so the poison does not reach the other parts

4) SCORPION

Same as snake bite

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

First you breathe air in through your nose and mouth.

Then the air travels through your voice box, down your windpipe, and though two

bronchii (bronchial tubes) into your lungs.

Cilia, tiny mucous-covered hairs, in your airways trap foreign particles and germs to

filter the air that you breathe.

The diaphragm, abdominal muscles, and other muscles help your lungs expand and

contract so you can inhale and exhale.

When you inhale, the air goes through the bronchii in your lungs to blood vessels that

connect to veins and arteries. These veins and arteries carry the blood throughout your

body.

When you exhale, the carbon dioxide goes out the same way, exiting your body

through your nose and mouth

RESCUE BREATHING [Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)]

When heart is beating but the person is not breathing

Artificial Respiration

TYPES

1) SCHAFFER METHOD

The patient should be laid on the abdomen, one arm extended directly overhead, the other

arm bent at the elbow, and with the face resting on the hand or the forearm so that the

nose and mouth are free for breathing

The resuscitator should kneel. The palms of the hands should be placed on the small

of the back with the fingers resting on the ribs, the little finger just touching the lowest

rib, the thumb alongside the fingers

This operation, which should take from two to three seconds. The lower part of the chest

and also the abdomen are thus compressed, and the air is forced out of the lungs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mG-I_E8M9g

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mG-I_E8M9g

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2) SILVESTER METHOD

Draw his arm over his head until horizontal, retaining them for two seconds. Next, bring

the victim’s arms down on each side of his chest and pressing inwards upon it. Leaning

upon his arm so as to compress his chest. Remain in his position for two seconds and then

again keep repeating the two motions at the same rate.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYqiv-U8Ag

3) MOUTH TO MOUTH AND NOSE

First tilt the head of the person back with the help of your hands. Place your hand on the

forehead and with the other hand’s two fingers lift the victim’s chin.

Check for any kind of obstruction, especially in the airway of the victim.

Close the victim’s nose with a pinch and take a deep breath. Seal your lips on the mouth of

the victim and breathe into it for many times. But do keep in mind to pause after every

exhalation and the inhale.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JUoHmTfymM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels, including arteries,

veins, and capillaries. Our bodies actually have two circulatory systems: The pulmonary

circulation is a short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again, and the systemic

circulation (the system we usually think of as our circulatory system) sends blood from

the heart to all the other parts of our bodies and back again.

The heart is the key organ in the circulatory system. As a hollow, muscular pump, its main

function is to propel blood throughout the body.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYqiv-U8Aghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JUoHmTfymM

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BLEEDING

1) BLEEDING THROUGH ARTERY

Bright red blood

If artery is near the skin, blood spurt with each heart beat

Most serious

2) BLEEDING THROUGH VEINS

Red with bluish shade

Flows steadily

3) BLEEDING THROUGH CAPILLARIES

Red

Flows continuously

FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING

Elevate the affected part

Keep the wound away from clothes

Place a clean cloth on the affected area and apply direct pressure

Remove any external thing such as glass etc.

Dress the wound properly

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NOSE BLEEDING

Press the soft part of nose with your thumb and fingers

Ask the patient to breathe through mouth

Bend the patient’s face towards the ground to prevent blood from returning to the body back

Don’t let the patient touch or clean the nose for hour

PRESSURE POINTS

Point in the body where an artery near the skin surface passes close to bone against which it can be compressed to stop flow of blood

26 in number (13 on each side)

UNCONSCIOUSNESS

When the brain stops working

Help the patient to sit, bend forward etc.

Ask him to take deep breaths

Check whether there is no blockage in breathing

ELECTRIC SHOCK

Can lead to shocks and burning

Throw the patient away from electric source using wood, paper, cloth and wear rubber shoes and turn it off

Lay the patient down and cover him with warm blanket

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HEART ATTACK

A heart attack occurs when the blood flow that carries oxygen to the heart is blocked

Symptoms:- Chest pain, weakness, problem in breathing, cold sweat

Loosen the clothes

CPR

EPILEPSY

Can happen to infants, pregnant and epilepsy patients

Lay him down

Remove furniture and anything that may cause harm

Loosen the clothes

Don’t try to stop the patient from shaking

During shock don’t give any medicine or drink

Motivate and relax the patient

HOW TO SAVE SOMEONE FROM DROWNING

Swimming

Rope or wood

Bowline

Boat

Life jackets or tubes

BURNING

Can be caused by fire, chemicals or other burning items

In case of big accidents, blood loss, infections and shock may also happen

Apply cold water and then apply burnol/mustard oil(surso ka tail)/limestone water(choone ka paani)/coconut oil.Then dress the wound

Give the patient beverages so to prevent water shortage

Don’t :- - Try to remove anything attached or stuck to skin - Put oil or fat to affected area - Put cotton directly

SUNSTROKE (Loo Lagna)

When exposed to extreme heat

Cause unconsciousness, fever, fast pulse, low BP

Take the patient into shade

Apply ice

Give beverages but not more than a sip at a time

Remove/loosen clothes

Give shower

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STRUCTURE OF BONES OF BODY

Bones help to keep body straight

It protects internal organs from damage

206 bones

FRACTURE

A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a damage in the continuity of the

bone. A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal

trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones. It can affect

blood vessels, skin and internal organs. It can also cause infection and tear the skin and

emerge out of it

TYPES

1. SIMPLE BONE FRACTURE(Saada Haddi Tootna):- The breaking of bone does

not damage skin

2. COMPOUND FRACTURE(Markab Haddi Tootna):- An injury in which a broken

bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection or may forces itself into another

bone

3. GREENSTICK FRACTURE (Lachakdar Haddi Tootna):- Greenstick fractures

usually occur most often during infancy and childhood when bones are soft. The

bones crack while other part/bones become bent. The name is by analogy with

green (i.e. fresh) wood which similarly breaks on the outside when be

SYMPTOMS

The affected area becomes small as bones forces itself over other bone

The area looks curved/bent

If one part is moved, the other part does not moves by it

Extreme pain in the affected part and it swells

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WOUND ON HEAD

It can affect the brain, causing unconsciousness and slow pulse

Lean the wound, apply medicine

Make the patient lie down on back in such a position that his head is above the body

Apply cloth of cold water.

Call the doctor

Tie triangular bandage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnuRVSkt5nM

BREAKING OF JAW BONE

Can break due to fight or falling down

Patient is not able to speak

Blood from gums

Tie TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79G7UwYY-lc

BREAKING OF BACK BONE

Due to lifting heavy weights or falling on your back

Keep the patient warm

If doctor is not available, then tie bandages from both sides around natural bends of

body like neck, waist, knee

Join these bandages with a piece of wood from arm to toe

Take the patient to hospital using stretcher

BREAKING OF RIBS BONE

Normally the 6th, 7th or 8th rib bone breaks.

The edges of bones moves outwards damaging skin or inwards damaging the lungs. If

lower bones break it can damage liver

The patient may find hard breathing and blood turns bright red

First aid

(A) If internal organs are not damaged

Tie two wide bandages around chest with first one below the affected

area to give support

Tie a 8 inch wide towel around chest using safety pins

(B) If internal organs are affected

Don’t tie bandages around chest

Apply ice on the area and loosen the cloth

Tie the arm in Gil bandage

Take patient to doctor immediately

BREAKING OF THIGH BONE

Tie the both legs by bandage to keep legs straight

If doctor is not available,lay the patient in position he is relaxed

Tie splints as shown in picture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnuRVSkt5nMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79G7UwYY-lc

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Similar splints will be used in breaking of hip bone, leg bone(Fibula & Tibia),

back bone.

JOINTS AND MUSCLES DISLOCATION

JOINT: where two or more bones meet

CARTILAGE: The bone who helps joint to move

MUSCLES: The meat/fat above the bone

DISLOCATION: When near a joint one or more bone leave their natural place

Symptoms

Pain near joint

Inability to move joint himself

Swelling

First Aid

Don’t try to treat the dislocation but give support

Apply ice or cold water

If coolness doesn’t provide relief, apply towel of hot water

SPRAINS (moch)

Mostly in legs and wrist

Internal injury, can’t be seen externally

Pain in joint

Change in colour and swelling

Don’t use that affected part

Apply warm water

Massage by Iodex and tie bandage

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First Aid Kit List:

1. Gauze Dressings 2. Triangular Bandages 3. Crepe Rolled Bandages 4. Safety Pins 5. Disposable Sterile Gloves 6. Scissors 7. Alcohol-Free Cleansing Wipes 8. Sticky Tape 9. Thermometer 10. Skin Rash Cream 11. Antiseptic Cream 12. Spray To Relieve Insect Bites 13. Cough Medicine 14. Dettol 15. Pyodine 16. Doctor Bandage 17. Sanitizer 18. Saniplast 19. Notepad And Pen

Emergency Contact Numbers

Ismaili Helpline 32250707 Aman Ambulance 1021 Chhipa Ambulance 1020 Rescue CDGK 1122 Bomb Disposal 39212690 KESC 118 SSGC 1199 Fire Brigade 16 Police 15 Jinnah Hospital 99223307 AKU Hospital 34930051 Liaqat Hospital 111-456-456

NOTE

Each scout should carry his own first aid box

Documents

PROFICIENCY BADGE-FIRST AID (IBTIDAI TIBBI IMDAD) · Page 1 of 16 AMYNABAD BOY SCOUTS UNIT All the facts and data are as of 17th March 2018 and may change in the future PROFICIENCY