Programming BS

8/12/2019 Programming BS

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Programming with the Basic Stamp Editor

For further information, refer to Basic Stamp Programming Manual Version 2.0Cand

BASIC Stamp Syntax and Reference Manual Version 2.1

1. Software Interface

Software interface is similar to other kinds of editors, and there are little to know

to use the Basic Stamp Editor

2. Compiler Directives

$S!"P

Syntax

- ' {$STAMP BS1} 'This indicates to use a BASIC Stamp 1 module

- ' {$STAMP BS2} 'This indicates to use a BASIC Stamp 2 module

- ' {$STAMP BS2e} 'This indicates to use a BASIC Stamp 2e module

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- ' {$STAMP BS2sx} 'This indicates to use a BASIC Stamp 2sx module

- ' {$STAMP BS2p} 'This indicates to use a BASIC Stamp 2p module

- ' {$STAMP BS2pe} 'This indicates to use a BASIC Stamp 2pe module

$PB!SIC

o allow you to indicate which !ersion of the PB"SI# lan$ua$e to use%

&um'er of a!aila'le commandsBS1 BS( BS(e BS(ex BS(p BS(pe

PB"SI# 1%) *(PB"SI# (%) *+ ) ) -. -.PB"SI# (%- ( - - .1 .1

Syntax- ' {$PBASIC 1.0} 'Default when a BASIC Stamp 1 module is detected

- ' {$PBASIC 2.0} 'Default when any BASIC Stamp 2 module is detected

- ' {$PBASIC 2.5} 'Required for PBASIC 2.5 command set & enhancedsyntax

#. Defining aria%les

!&

Syntax/ name VAR size

- name/ the name 'y which you will refer to the !aria'le

he sym'ols must start with a letter of underscore, can contain a

mixture of letters, num'ers, and underscores%

Sym'ols can 'e up to *( characters lon$%

Be not a'le to distin$uish 'etween upper and lower case%

- Si0e/ there are four choices%

Bit 1'it2

&i' ni''le3 'its2

Byte 4'its2

5ord 1.'its2

Examplemouse VAR BIT ' Value can be 0 or 1.

cat VAR NIB ' Value can be 0 to 15.

dog VAR BYTE ' Value can be 0 to 255.

rhino VAR WORD ' Value can be 0 to 65535.

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Defining !rra's

"rrays is a $roup of !aria'les of the same si0e, and sharin$ a sin$le name,

'ut 'roken up into num'ered cells, called elements%

Syntax/ name VAR Size(n)

- &ame and si0e/ the same as descri'ed earlier

- n2 / the num'er of elements you want the array to ha!e

Example

myList VAR Byte(10) Create a 10-byte array

6nce, an array is defined, you can access its elements 'y num'er% &um'erin$

starts from ) to n71%

Example

myList(3) = 57

DEBUG ? myList(3)

his #ode will display 8my9ist*2:-+; on the P# screen%

he real power of arrays is that the index !alue can 'e a !aria'le itself%

Example

myBytes VAR Byte(10) ' Define 10-byte array

idx VAR Nib ' Define 4-bit var

FOR idx = 0 TO 9 ' Repeat with idx = 0,1, 2...9

myBytes(idx) = idx * 13 ' Write idx * 13 to each cell

NEXT

FOR idx = 0 TO 9 ' Repeat with idx = 0,1, 2...9

DEBUG ? myBytes(idx) ' Show contents of each cell

NEXT

STOP

If you run this pro$ram, DEB1* : ), myBytes12 : 1>1* : 1*,

myBytes(2 : (>1* : (. %%% myBytes?2 : ?>1* : 11+%

"nother uni@ue property of PB"SI# arrays is this/ Aou can refer to the )thcell

of the array 'y usin$ ust the arrayCs name without an index !alue%

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Example

myBytes VAR Byte(10) ' Define 10-byte array

myBytes(0) = 17 ' Store 17 to 0th cell

DEBUG ? myBytes(0) ' Display contents of 0th cell

DEBUG ? myBytes ' Also displays 0th cell

!(I!S

"n "lias is an alternati!e name for an existin$ !aria'le%

Example

cat VAR Byte ' Create a byte-sized variable

tabby VAR cat ' Create alias for cat

In this example, tabby is an alias to the !aria'le cat% "nythin$ stored in cat

shows up in tabby and !ice !ersa% Both names refer to the same physical

piece of "% his kind of alias can 'e useful when you want to reuse a

temporary !aria'le in different places in your pro$ram, 'ut also want the

!aria'leCs name to reflect its function in each place%

#. Defining and )sing Constants

Aou can assi$n names to constants in a fashion similar to how !aria'les aredeclared%

Syntax/ Name CON ConstantValue

Example

Cheers CON 3 ' Number of cheers.

FOR counter = 1 TO Cheers

GOSUB Make_Cheers

NEXT


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In your pro$rams, you may express a num'er in !arious ways, dependin$ on

how the num'er will 'e used and what makes sense to you% By default, the

B"SI# Stamp reco$ni0es num'ers like ), ?? or .(1- as 'ein$ in our

e!eryday decimal 'ase71)2 system% Gowe!er, you may also use hexadecimal

'ase71.3 also called hex2 or 'inary 'ase7(2%

Example

99 ' Decimal (no prefix)

$1A6 ' Hex (prefix $ required)

%1101 ' Binary (prefix % required)

,. Defining and )sing Pins with the Pin Directives

here are some situations where it is handy to refer to a pin usin$ a !aria'le

like I&( or 6


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signal PIN 1 ' pin-type symbol representing I/O 1

INPUT signal ' set signal pin to input

Wait:

IF signal = 0 THEN Wait ' wait until signal = 1

5e only chan$ed one thin$ in this code/ the #6& directi!e was

chan$ed to PI&% &ow signal is a context7sensiti!e sym'ol that will 'e

treated as a constant or as a !aria'le dependin$ on where it is used% In the

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S& S+are &oot

Example

D!"#$ S5R /00 ' Displa s6uare root of /00 (/0)

D!"#$ S5R 99 ' Displa of s6uare root of 99 (9 *ue to truncation)

SI* Sine

CS Cosine

Example

Der VAR WORD ' Define 7aria1les

Sine VAR WORD

8OR Der = 0 O :9 S!P ;: ' #se *erees

Sine = S3 (Der < /2 > /0) ' %on7ert to 1ra*s? *o S3

D!"#$ @Anle @? D!% Der? A"? @Sine @? SD!% Sine? %R

' Displa

3!B

Binar' perators

K "ddition

7 Su'traction

> ultiplication>> ultiplication returns upper 1.7'its2

>H ultiply 'y 47'it inte$er, 47'it fraction

H Di!ision

HH odulus emainder of di!ision2

I& 9imits a !alue to a specified low

"L 9imits a !alue to a specified hi$h

DI= eturns specified di$it of num'er

MM Shift 'its left 'y specified amount

NN Shift 'its ri$ht 'y specified amountEV e!erse specified num'er of 'its

O Bitwise "&D

Bitwise 6

Q Bitwise L6

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3. Categorical Listing Of Commands

his section lists all a!aila'le PB"SI# commands for all B"SI# Stamp models, $rouped

'y cate$ory% For the detailed usa$e, refer to the Basic Stamp Programming Manual

Version 2.0Cand BASIC Stamp Syntax and Reference Manual Version 2.1

B&!*C4I*5 6 P&5&!" C*&(

B&!*C4Rump to address specified 'y offset%

I7...4E*> #onditionally execute one or more 'locks of code%

5Rump to address%

5S)BRump to su'routine at address%

&E)&* eturn from su'routine%

&)*Switch execution to another pro$ram slot%

P((&)*Switch execution to another pro$ram pa$e upon the occurrence of a

polled interrupt%

SE(EC

8C!SE2.-E!aluate expression and conditionally execute a 'lock of code 'ased

on comparison to multiple conditions%

SPGalt pro$ram execution until B"SI# Stamp is reset%

(PI*5 S&)C)&ESD8(PExecute code 'lock repetiti!ely, with optional, conditional exit%

E9Ierminate execution of a loopin$ code 'lock D6%%%966P or F6%%%&EL2%

7&...*E9Execute code 'lock repetiti!ely, a finite num'er of times usin$ a

counter%

EEP&" !CCESS

D!!Store data in EEP6 durin$ pro$ram download%

&E!Dead EEP6 !alue into !aria'le%

:&IE5rite !alue into EEP6%S&ESwitch E"DH5IE access to different pro$ram slot%

&!" !CCESS

5Eead Scratch Pad " !alue into !aria'le%

P)5rite !alue into Scratch Pad "%

*)"E&ICS

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(;)P9ook up data specified 'y offset and store in !aria'le% his instruction

pro!ides a means to make a lookup ta'le%

(;D:*Find tar$etCs matchin$ !alue in ta'le and store match num'er )7&2

in !aria'le%

&!*D"=enerate a pseudo7random num'er%

DI5I!( I6

I*P)ake pin an input%

)P)ake pin an output%

&EE&SEe!erse direction of a pin%

(:ake pin output low%

4I54ake pin output hi$h%

55(Eake pin an output and to$$le state%

P)(SI*easure width of an input pulse%

P)(S)6utput a pulse 'y in!ertin$ a pin for a $i!en amount of time%

B)*De'ounce 'utton, perform auto7repeat, and 'ranch to address if 'utton

is in tar$et state%

C)*#ount cycles on a pin for a $i!en amount of time%

9)=enerate L71) power line control codes%

!)9ISwitch control to auxiliary IH6 pin $roup%

"!I*ISwitch control to main IH6 pin $roup%

IE&"Switch control to specified IH6 pin $roup%

P((I* Specify pin and state for a polled7interrupt%

P(()Specify pin and state for output upon a polledinterrupt%P(("DESpecify the polled7interrupt mode%

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(CDI*ead data from an 9#D%

(CD)5rite data to an 9#D%

!*!(5 I6

P:"6utput usin$ pulse width modulation, then return pin to input%

Pead a - k 7 -) k potentiometer and scale result%

&CI"Eeasure a !aria'le resistance or capacitance%

I"EE

P!)SEPause execution for )T.--*- milliseconds%

P((:!IPause until a polled7interrupt occurs%

S)*D

S)*D=enerate tones or white noise%

7&E)=enerate one or two sine wa!es of specified fre@uencies%

D"7)=enerate DF telephone tones%

P:E& C*&(

*!P&ap for a short period% Power consumption is reduced%

S(EEPSleep for 17.--*- seconds% Power consumption is reduced%

E*DSleep until the power cycles or the P# connects% Power consumption is

reduced%

P&5&!" DEB)55I*5DEB)5Send information to the P# for !iewin$ in the De'u$ erminalCs ecei!e

windowpane%

DEB)5I*etrie!e information from the user !ia the P#, entered into the De'u$

erminalCs ransmit windowpane%

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F G HT where they appear, commas, 'ackslashes, pound si$ns, and e@ual si$ns

must 'e typed in the positions shown%

>>&6E/ Aou may use parentheses to enclose expressions in PB"SI# (%) and

(%-, 'ut they are not necessary%

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Programming BS