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PROJECT 2: SUSTAINABLE DORMS

Jake Krizmanich Abdullah Alawadhi

Bold Dorjpurev Eduardo Soto

4/26/13

Section 22

Team 4: J.A.B.E.

Figure 1. Poster design

Abstract

This year the design project for Engineering Design 100 is sponsored by Siemens, making it a strategic alliance with PSU. Our objective is to design concepts for a sustainable city which can be implemented into Penn State’s University Park. Our team aimed to focus on the improvements of the dormitories. The dorms are an important aspect to campus as it provides housing for the majority of students, and by improving on living factors in the dorms; we can enhance sustainability at Penn State. Our team focused on conserving energy consumption throughout campus with the use of both simple and advanced methods, all of which were designed to provide maximal benefit, and increased revenue. Instead of focusing on one design, our team applied several different designs, each targeting a different aspect of dorm living we use; adjustments such as LED lights, a dual-flushing system, window treatment, and heat transferring systems, geothermal system, and a depolluting material to do this. Our team can conclude that as a result of these small adjustments, we are able to make Penn State a more sustainable location. Additionally, by using cost-effective alternatives to reduce energy consumption, we are reducing the impact on the environment, while also increasing revenue for Penn State (which in turn results in a larger profit).

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1.0 Introduction

For Project 2 we were given the opportunity by Siemens to design and make concepts of a sustainable campus and implement it on Penn State’s University Park. Our team started off by making our own definition of sustainability which is something that is self-maintainable while maximizing efficiency.

Next we began looking at the different subsystems available. After careful deduction, we

found two subsystems that we considered for improvement – these are: the gyms of Penn State, and the dorms of Penn State. Both of these subsystems demand high maintenance and costs, and there are very few sustainable applications. After conducting research and surveys, our team found that improving on the gym would pose to be costly; in fact, adjusting the gym would result in a loss of profit due to equipment replacement that would only improve sustainability to a minimal effect. We believe in order to make University Park more sustainable we should focus on housing dorms at Penn State. To make the dorms more sustainable we focused on energy, heating/cooling, and pollution.

According to The Daily Collegian, Penn State dormitories have not seen improvements in 2

decades The Board of Trustees’ Committee on Finance, Business and Capital Planning discussed upgrades to East and Pollock Halls. It was said that these renovations will start in 2 years. 2 buildings will be renovated per year. With this in mind in mind the dorms should include sustainable systems so they can be more energy/cost effective. Since about $300 million dollars will be spent over a 10 year period renovating these dorms, by having sustainable dorms the school can regenerated some of that money back a lot sooner. With this idea it will be the perfect opportunity to implement our idea. Since the renovation is going to be done, our visions of a sustainable campus can be put into place.

When interview several students that live on campus they would rather see a more sustainable

campus. There were very little complaints about the gym. Since housing on campus is a big deal especially if you’re a freshman, because you have live on campus your first year and don’t have a choice. We did different surveys for students who have dorm, like what would they like to see implanted or small ideas that they think would living on campus that could also make the halls more sustainable.

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2.0 Problem Statement

The main problem that our team faced was creating designs that are both cost-effective and sustainable in University Park. We are looking into making campus housing more sustainable by using less and clean energy. The main issue regarding the systems that we are investigating involves the control of resources to conserve energy and maximizing efficiency. Our team feels that although the issue of sustainability is widely known, there is not much initiative, mainly because there isn’t one solution to address the problem. We decided that some of the more unsustainable systems at the dormitories were Energy, Heating and Cooling, and minor pollution problem.

Students who live on campus don’t have to pay an energy bill. When students pay for room

and board the energy we use is included. Since the students have no limit as to how much energy they can spend or can’t they just leave everything on all the time. There are students who don’t turn off their light ever. We did a small survey and ask peers that live on campus if they save energy like turn of the lights while living on camp and for the most part they don’t try to save energy. Since they don’t have to pay an electric bill there is not much reason for them to care. Either students start paying their bill or new technologies can be implemented to make it a greener living.

Another survey was done on what should be improved about the dormitories on campus. We simplified the survey to summarize the problems that students have living on campus and how they affect the sustainability of University Park.

Table 1: No energy bill = Students no caring

Do students who live on campus save energy? Student Saves? Comments 1 No Always leaves lights on, even

when sleeping, has his TV on 24/7 when he’s on campus

2 No Doesn’t have to pay monthly energy bill, so doesn’t pay attention to his energy consumption.

3 Yes Rarely in his dorm, only there to sleep/shower. Only goes to dorm at night and doesn’t bother turning on lights.

4 No Laptop are always plugged in, has nothing in refrigerator, so is wasting energy from not using it

5 No When leaving dorm for a brief moment or hours leaves everything on like the lights

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Table 2: Summed up survey of what students think needs improvements What should be improved at the dorms of University Park? Student Improvement Comment 1. Waste of water We only have full size toilets

not no urinals so when we flush the toilet it a waste of water.

2. Heating and cooling No thermostat is available. People leave their windows opens and the heating system is still running, therefore wasting a lot of energy.

3. Tap water Doesn’t taste purified. 4. Energy Sustainability Lights are always left on.

Multiple switches in the room. Lights and fans are left on, wasting energy, thinks there should be an app to control lighting in dorms.

5 Pollution This student thought there was allot of smokers on campus, and is affecting them. Most of the smoking is done near the dorms.

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Table 3: Systems and sub systems Systems Subsystems Problems Energy: Lights Lights are always left on,

therefore wasting electrical energy

Energy/ Heating and Cooling Water Cold showers, wasting too much water, water is not purified,

Heating and Cooling Air Conditioning Not available unless under certain circumstances that you medically need it.

Heat There is a lot of heat in the dorms, especially in the summers and the beginning of fall semesters.

UV light The sun lets too much heat into the dorms, it needs to be blocked

Pollution Smokers Smoke goes up into the dorms and keeps students from keeping windows open. Second-hand smoke.

Car exhaust Minor problem with all the traffic that goes through campus

Figure 2. East halls and smoking regions

Smokers and cars causing Pollution

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This picture is a bird’s eye view of East halls from Bing Maps. It points out where students

have been seen smoking frequently. The smoke can enter people dorms and cause their room to smell like smoke. Smoking is not prohibited in the dorms so it has to be done outside. Most students prefer not to go far to enjoy a smoke. They usually go near an exit or a common spot that is convenient to smoke. 3.0 External Search

We focused on Energy, heating/cooling, and pollution. Our goal with energy is to lower the cost while gaining maximum efficiency. With heating and cooling we want the dorms to be cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Pollution may not be a huge problem but we do get a lot of traffic for a small town and allot of student like to smoke, so we would like to keep our air clean.

We did research on energy to find ways to lower energy cost. Some of the basic one was to

switch to LED lighting which last longer. There are lots of ways of saving energy without getting a different source of energy or switching companies. It’s the little things that count.

One of the things many students that live on campus complain about is that there is no air

conditioning offered at the dorms. We search for ways that this can be added to housing on campus while making it sustainable at the same time. One solution to this problem is by applying advanced window treatment films, which “provide up to 98% infrared rejection and 99% UV rejection” (Huper Optik, 2013). Through the use of nanotechnology, advanced window films are able to lower the load on air conditioners and make the dorms sustainable. We think that even though the pollution at University Park is minimal, there is something that can be done to make it feel cleaner and refreshing. We researched technologies that are quiet and that can be placed outside of the living halls.

3.1 Literature Review

Heating and Cooling:

Geothermal Energy Heat from earth can be used as an efficient sustainable source to reduce our dependency on

fossil fuels which we are quickly depleting causing negative effects on our planet. This energy can be found anywhere in earth, we can find it in wells and caves to our back yards. Geothermal can be implemented in our housing on campus at Penn State. Various regions in the world are already harnessing geothermal energy as a sustainable and affordable solution. According to studies the United State has more geothermal capacity than any other country in the world. Why aren’t we taking advantage of this knowledge and make the U.S known as the country that is the most green. We can start this vision with geothermal.

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Geothermal is not used for just heating, but for cooling as well. The temperature underground stays constant. The way heating and cooling units work is inefficient. When it’s hot weather in the summer we these units to cool down our house, but the energy it grabs from the outside is hot and we need it cool so the unit has to work even more, making it louder and increasing the electricity bill! It can grab energy from Earth’s core, maximizing efficiency. The temperature around the Pennsylvania state area is constant between 10oC and 20oC which can be converted to 50oF-68oF.

Energy can be harvested from anywhere. There are regions in the U.S. that can are well

known hot spots, but those stops be primarily for heating a home ore building not cooling it down. With the use of emerging technologies like Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGS) we may be able to capture heat for electricity production at a much larger scale then the technologies being used right now offer. We do have the potential to produce electricity from Geothermal.

The energy from the sun hits the Earth and absorbs it in the ground. This calls for free

sustainable energy that can be harvested to our advantage. Geothermal technology doesn’t have to burn other energy it just has to move from the earth to our homes or dorms. Since no burning is being done this makes it very efficient and sustainable.

Most homes use a. Geothermal can be harvested easily and can be put to use in many ways,

even electricity power. Geothermal is free, clean, quiet, green energy that can be harvested from Earths internal temperature. Geothermal can help save energy cost and be more efficient than the current source of energy used for heating, and make cooling available in the dorms.

Energy:

Evaporative cooling systems Cooling air has always been one of the most energy consuming features of a building, but, with summer temperatures reaching over 90 degrees in State College, air conditioning is necessary. The question is how could do this without consuming too much energy or a high initial cost. The answer to this question is evaporative cooling systems. These types of systems are based off of the high enthalpy of vaporization. The systems will use the evaporation of water to cool the air instead of using refrigeration, or the compression of a refrigerant. Refrigeration uses a lot more energy than the evaporative cooling system (Krigger and Dorsi). In most evaporation cooling systems, the warm outside air will be pumped into a unit by a fan. Cool water will then be mixed with this air. The water will absorb some of the heat in the air and evaporate. The air will have lost energy from evaporating the water and thus be cooler. The air is then pumped back into the room and the cycle continues. This design does require a continuous water supply to continue the process. (Gutenburg)

Motion sensor light switch

Other problem with sustainability of energy is saving energy. For saving energy, our team considered about motion sensor light switch for replacement of regular light switches. We use much energy for lighting our room. But we also lose much energy by lighting empty room. By adjusting this energy consumed for nothing, we can save huge amount of energy.

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Motion sensor on the switch detects whether there is people in the room or not. If there isn’t any tiny movement in the room switch cuts the current through the lamp automatically. If someone enters the room it turns of light automatically. If someone forget to turn off the light during daytime, lamp lights the room for about 12 hours effect less. Also all hallway lights are on for whole day. They are supposed to work for only morning and evenings. So turning of the lights when it is not in use, we can saves energy by 2. In other words we can decrease electricity bill for lights by factor of 2.

Pollution:

ProSolve 370e ProSolve 370e is a new tile system created by Elegant Embellishments that removes pollution from the air. The tiles are coated with titanium dioxide. When titanium dioxide is exposed to UV light, it will react with pollutants in the air and remove them from the air. The tile arrangement allows for maximum light exposure and air circulation. The system will work for up to 5-10 years until the titanium dioxide needs replaced. To do this, paint like substance that contains the titanium dioxide is added onto the tiles. This makes maintenance easy and relatively cheap to do. Specifically, the titanium dioxide will react with the nitric oxide molecules and other volatile organic compounds found in the air. The structure then will produce small amounts of carbon dioxide and water as a byproduct of this reaction. This will reduce the pollution in the immediate area and will reduce acid rain and ground-level ozone (Elegant Embellishments).

Water Treatment

One problem that our team noticed on campus is the issue of sustainable water. Currently, the closest water purification building is located several miles away, and expenses to transfer this water can be expensive. To address this issue, our team looked at different methods to treat water, and found one interesting method – with the use of ultraviolet light. After comparison to different purification methods, we can conclude that purification with UV light proves to be the most sustainable method.

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Table 4: Effectiveness of the UV Disinfection system vs Wavelength

produced by UV light. Figure 3. Siemens UV Disinfection Chamber

Dual flush toilet

Other problem with sustainability of water is saving water. For saving water, our team considered about dual-flushing for toilet flush. Large amount of water is used for flushing toilet. If we assume average person flushes toilet 5 times daily, flushed water would be about 30% of our daily water usage.

Unlike regular flush, this flushing system handles differently for solid and liquid waste. It applies small amount of water for liquid waste and sufficient amount of water for solid waste. We can choose how much water to use, when we flush the toilet.

Regular toilets use about 3.6 gal water per flush. It means, average person use 3.6*5=18gal of water per day for only flushing toilet. But average flush of dual flush toilet uses 1.1 gal or less water. It means, daily usage for one person is 5.5 gal water. Therefore, we can save water by 70% or 12.5 gal water per day, by replacing old toilet flushes. As a result we can save 12.5*13000=162500 gal water per day or 59’312’500 gal water per day on dormitories. In US, 1000 gallon water cost $1.50. This means that we can save $88968.75 every year.

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LED lamp

Cost Comparison

Incandescent Halogen CFL

LED (Generic)

LED (Philips)

LED (Philips L-Prize)

Purchase price $0.41 $4 $4 $10 $16 $30

Electricity usage 60 W 42 W 13 W 13.5 W 12.5 W 10 W

Lumens 860 570 825 850 805 940

Lumens/Watt 14.3 13.6 63.5 63 64.4 94

Color Temperature Kelvin 2700 3000 2700 3000 2700 2700

CRI 100 100 82 >75 85 92

Lifespan (hours) 1,000 3,500 8,000 25,000 25,000 30,000

Bulb lifetime in years @ 6 hours/day 0.5 1.6 3.7 >11.4 >11.4 >13.7

Energy cost over 10 years @ 15 cents/kWh $197 $138 $43 $44 $41 $33

Total $206 $166 $55 $54 $57 $63

Comparison based on 6 hours use per day (21,900 hours over 10 years)

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3.2 Patent Search With our paten search we did various searches on all the patens and functions that can be used for our sustainable systems. We did patent searches on geothermal systems and the functions that have been implemented.

Table 5. Art-Function Geothermal System FUNCTION ART Heat Exchanger Fresh Air Faster or more

heating

Heating and cooling system

US 20100139736

Ventilation US 20120305214 Thermally Superconducting medium

US 20070295477 US 2007053951

Heat accumulator US 20040144115 We gathered our patents from Google patents since they have a large data base of patents. The patents show that there is a lot of potential for the idea we of making a more sustainable campus.

Table 6. Water Treatment (UV Light) Function ART Chamber Pressure-Lamp Microwave Unit Filtered Fluid US20130048545 A1 Radiation US8318007 B2

EP1923356 B1

Application of Chemicals

EP1353704 B1 EP1392605 B1

There are many patents that have been use for water treatment. We focused more on the functions that UV light is used to purify water. We also found patents that how the process can be done. These patents have good idea and can be complied together to make the UV water purifier we would like to design.

Table 7. Evaporative cooling systems Function ART Body Portability System Evaporative Cooling

US 4819448 A EP 2250446 A1

Refrigeration EP 2241839 A2 EP 1074797 A4 Fans US 20120315161

A1 EP 10829472 A2

ProSolve 370e Function ART Body Portability Process of TiO2 ProSolve 370e US 3199457 A2 EP 2250446 A1

US 20130071662 A1

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Dual flush toilet Dual flush toilet control mechanism patent: US5206960 A

Motion sensor light switch Motion sensing, lighting and alarming system patent: US5867099 A 4.0 Design Objective

Our team will approach this solution with the use of geothermal energy, UV light, LED lights, and water conservation. Geothermal: With Geothermal we aim to improve the aspects of energy consumption. With the efficiency of geothermal has to offer we get results that make it a very sustainable technology. The improvements that a geothermal system offers are heating and cooling, and more warm water with less use of water heaters. Geothermal has the potential to offer these advantages to every hall at East and Pollock if they were to be implemented when they are rebuilt.

Evaporative cooling systems We are trying to cool the dorms in the summer in an efficient, energy-efficient manner. To do this, we plan on using evaporative cooling. This uses a lot less power than refrigeration does and is simple to maintain. By using this, the dorms will be much cooler without having the high cost of traditional air conditioning. ProSolve 370e We are trying to reduce the air pollution in and around the dorms. After researching this topic, not many options were found. Some included rare trees that absorb pollution, reducing the amount of pollution given off by sources, and ProSolve 370e. We are trying to maximize the efficiency of the system while also making it easy to install and maintain.

Dual flush toilet With dual flush toilet we are aiming to save water. By using less water for toilet flush, we can decrease water usage and water bill of University. It adds sustainability as well.

Motion sensor light switch With motion sensor light switch, we are aiming to save energy. By cutting lights when it

is not in use, we can decrease energy usage and electricity bill of University. It adds sustainability as well.

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5.0 Methodology When we were generating idea we came up with a lot of them. We wanted one that were more realistic and can actually become concepts. We came up with the different subsystems to support our sustainability. These methods we generated are ones that full-fill our definition of sustainability. 5.1 Concept Generation The way our design for geothermal can be designed into the living halls at University Park is that the system can be placed underneath the living halls. Since the building are going to be rebuild they can have a vertical loop system. This means that the pipes needed for the system will be dug down several hundred feet into the ground beneath the living halls. The reason the pipe will have to vehicle is because the building is huge had has to support approximately 250 student that live in each hall. The geothermal system will be able to provide them with heating and cooling, and warm water. This is something a lot of student wants especially warm water and cooling down in the summer.

Evaporative cooling systems There are several ways that we could accomplish this goal. We could use a central refrigeration system to cool the dorms. This would be able to cool the dorms, but it is not very energy-efficient. It would also have a very high initial cost to install the system. Another way we could obtain this is by using an open evaporation cooling system. This would be able to cool the dorms efficiently and at less energy than the refrigeration unit uses. However, the open system would require a large input of water to keep running. A final solution would be to use a closed evaporation system. This would be very cheap to install and maintain. It would not need any energy or additional water to run. This device however would not cool the dorms as efficiently as the other two methods. Geothermal System Concept:

Figure 4.

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The Geothermal system will go into every living hall at East and Pollock. They will all have Vertical looped systems since this is what is best for halls since they are so close to each other. With this concept we can discard the use of the boiler tower system which is inefficient. The system would not be on the roof but underground. Instead of gathering cool or hot energy from the surface level, which this energy we gather is the opposite of what we want, we would gather it from the ground which is a constant 55oF. with 55oF it takes less energy to make more of what we want since the energy we want is in the middle of what’s outside the halls and what we want inside the living halls.

Figure 5. With this concept we can maximize energy efficiency for entire buildings. This Concept will allow us to put efficient heaters and air conditioners. This means lower cost of energy, quiet operated systems, and dependable system. Earth isn’t going to change it underground temperature.

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It’s like having a heat pump but underground and spread along the geothermal cables that run under. The System will replace the boiler towers that go on the roof. Eliminate big systems in each individual room and cut the energy bill in half. You can see that you will get most of your energy from geothermal. If this can be done to individual households then imagine what it can do to entire building with hundreds of kids living in them. We can imagine that a bigger percentage if it’s going to be done at a commercial level. On figure 8 it shows the temperature of geothermal in the Pennsylvania state area is constant between 10oC and 20oC which can be converted to 50oF-68oF. Figure 6 shows that you cn save 50% on energy bill with geothermal.

Figure 6

Figure 8.

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Figure 9. Figure 9 demonstrates the different loops offered for a geothermal system.

Dual flush toilet There are several ways that we can flush toilet. But most of the methods use water. In our university dormitories, we are using regular flush. It uses certain amount of water for all times. Regular one is cheaper than other methods but it uses much water than others do. Another one is dual flush toilet. It is little bit expensive than regular one but it uses less water than regular one do. ProSolve 370e One concept was the tree idea. The problem with these trees is that they are so rare that we would be unable to actually obtain them, let alone make that cost effective. Needless to say, this idea is not feasible. Another option is to reduce the amount of pollutants that are emitted in the college. This is also not feasible due to the high volume of sources that would need to be reduced and the high cost that it would take to convert the sources to cleaner sources. The final concept is the ProSolve 370e system. This is the only passive system of its kind that would be able to remove pollutants in the air with almost no maintenance. This would just be attached to the sides of the dorms and clean the air.

Motion sensor light switch There are several types of light switches. We are using regular light switch in dormitories today. It is so simple and just on/off the electrical current through the circuit of room manually. To turn on/off switch, we have to reach the switch an turn on/off. Another one is light switch with motion sensor. It is completely automatic. It detects the motion in the designated area and turns off the light when nobody is in room, turns on light when someone enters the room. Whole process is automatic.

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5.2 Benchmarking We benchmarked categories based on our research, and created them based on our designs. We used a 1-4 scale for tables 9-10 to compare them with each other. Table 11-13 used the 1-5 scale to rank the effectiveness of the variable being looked on.

Table 9. Our first benchmark was for our window treatment fabric. We compared the special advanced fabric to a tinted window, intended for UV protection, a glass window with no UV protection, and a plain wall, and also included other factors such as heat reduction and the amount of lighting that is let in from outside.

Feature No Window

(Wall) Glass Window Window+

Treatment Fabric Tinted Window

Heat Reduction 4 1 3 2 Lighting 1 3 4 2 Price 1 4 3 2 UV Protection 4 1 4 3 Preference 3 4 1 2

Table 10.

Our next table reviewed the UV disinfection system for the purification of water. We compared this the treatment facility that is used by Penn State, as well as other designs such as a Magnet disinfection system and an Ozone treatment.

Feature UV Disinfection Magnet

Disinfection Ozone Treatment Treatment

Facility (CURRENT)

Quality Level 2 3 4 1 Cost 1 2 3 4+ Efficiency 1 3 4 2 Capacity to Purify Water

2 3 4 1

Preference 1 3 4 2

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Table 11. Evaporative cooling systems Features Refrigeration Open-Evaporation Closed-Evaporation Cooling Power 5 4 3 Initial Cost 2 3 5 Maintenance Cost 1 3 5 Impact on Environment 2 4 5 Equal weight ranks 10 14 18

Table 12

Dual flush toilet Regular toilet Initial price 4 5

Monthly cost 5 2 Effectiveness 5 5 Sustainability 5 2

Equal weight ranks 19 14

Table 13. Motion sensor light switch Light switch Regular With motion sensor Initial price 5 4 Monthly bill 2 5 Effectiveness 3 5 Sustainability 2 5

Equal weight ranks 12 19 6.0 Final Design and Implementation Plans After going through research of the systems we are looking into we then designed systems that can actually be implemented. Since the school plans on renovating the older halls we think that it’s very possible to implement everything we made plans for and we will tell you how.

6.1 Final Design

Geothermal system The way our design for geothermal can be designed into the living halls at University Park is that the system can be placed underneath the living halls. Since the building are going to be rebuild they can have a vertical loop system. This means that the pipes needed for the system will be dug down several hundred feet into the ground beneath the living halls. The reason the pipe will have to vehicle is because the building is huge had has to support approximately 250 student that live in each hall. The geothermal system will be able to provide them with heating and cooling, and warm water. This is something a lot of student wants especially warm water and cooling down in the summer.

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Evaporative cooling systems The final concept chosen was the closed-evaporation cooling system. This system will have a body that is placed in the ceiling of the dorm. The body will be filled with water. As the room heats up, the heat will rise. The heat is then transferred into the water. The water then begins to evaporate and travels up hollow rods that lead outside. The water vapor will then condense on the sides of the rods as the energy is transferred to the outside air. As the water condenses, it will run back down into the body, and the cycle repeats itself.

ProSolve 370e The final concept chosen was that of the ProSolve 370e. It is the only concept that was actually feasible. This can be easily implemented onto our dorms with only an initial cost and a small maintenance cost every 5-10 years. The system will effectively reduce the amount of pollution in and around the dorms at a very low cost.

Dual flush toilet One of our final designs is dual-flush toilet. We use same seat nut replace regular flushing system by dual flushing.

Motion sensor light switch Our final design is light switch with the motion sensor.

6.2 Implementation Plans

Implementation of the Geothermal System When the halls get rebuilt the geothermal system can be easily be implemented. Since the system is going to be a vertical based system, there will have to be holes dug vertical which can be done by commercial vehicles and a geothermal company that has experience in doing so. It’s been done to large scale building like a middle school in Oxford, PA. They had large vertical holes dug deep into the baseball and soccer fields when the school was being renovated. The cost of implementation is low since the buildings will done in bulk and at the same time of renovation. Since the machines will be there renovating entire buildings at the same time that the geothermal can be implanted , it will be worth the extra work. The cost to do a large building like a standard living hall is

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Figure 7 Evaporative cooling systems

To implement this idea, the system must be installed into each dorm room. If the dorms are already being rebuilt, this would be very simple and cheap to do.

ProSolve 370e To implement this idea, the system must be installed onto each dorm’s exterior wall during the construction period. It is a very simple solution to a very large problem.

Dual flush toilet We will install dual flush for all toilets in campus. It doesn’t cost much to replace old one with this one.

Motion sensor light switch We will install motion sensor light switch to all the dormitory rooms, hall ways and classrooms in dormitory. Instalment is easy. We only have to replace the old switches by new motion sensor activated one.

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7.0 Conclusions

Figure 10. Group photo

We made many achievements in this project. We did a lot of brain storming. We were able to create subsystems and show how they can be implemented into a small city like University Park. We had a very successful poster. We were able to present it very well that we won the competition in our class. Our ideas were very realistic. The systems can be implanted into the campus dorms when they start renovations. The Prosolve 370e was very unique. When we were explaining that, that what most students were most curious about. We think that seeing Posolve 470e on campus would make it more unique and different in a great way. Not too many big schools can say that they are a sustainable campus. There are many ideas out there. Someone has to come up with new generated ideas, design them, and figure out how they can be implemented into already existing environments. We have a picture of our group in figure 10. Minus Bold. On the left is Eduardo, middle Jake, and right Abdullah. We learned many things and generated many ideas.

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References

Arthur William Gutenberg (1955). The Economics of the Evaporative Cooler Industry in the Southwestern United States.

Stanford University Graduate School of Business. P. 167

John Krigger and Chris Dorsi (2004). Residential Energy: Cost Savings and Comfort for Existing Buildings (4th ed.).

Saturn Resource Management. P. 207.

“Compact fluorescent lamp”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_fluorescent_lamp , retrieved April, 2013 “Electrical energy cost”, http://www.csgnetwork.com/elecenergycalcs.html , retrieved April, 2013 “How dual flush toilet work”, http://home.howstuffworks.com/dual-flush-toilet.htm, retrieved April, 2013

“How Geothermal Energy Works.” Union of Concerned Scientist. 16 Dec. 2009. Web. 24 April

2013. <http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/how-

geothermal-energy-works.html>

Huper Optik USA. HUPER OPTIK. Window Films - Technology. 2013.

<http://www.huperoptikusa.com/huper-technology.cfm.>

“ProSolve 370e.” Elegant Emebellishments. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.

<http://prosolve.elegantembellishments.net/>.

Siemens. Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Equipment. SIEMENS - Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection

Equipment . 2011.

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Appendix Figure 11.

Figure 12

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Figure 13.