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PROJECT FINAL REPORT
Grant Agreement number: 604448
Project acronym: NANOMAG
Project title: Nanometrology Standardization Methods for Magnetic Nanoparticles
Funding Scheme: FP7
Period covered: from 2013-11-01 to 2017-10-31
Name of the scientific representative of the project's co-ordinator, Title and Organisation:
Christer Johansson, Professor, RISE Acreo AB
Tel: +46 (0)727 23 33 21
E-mail: [email protected]
Project website address: www.nanomag-project.eu
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4.1 Final publishable summary report
4.1.1 Executive summary The NanoMag project objectives were to standardize and harmonize ways to measure and analyse the
data for magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) systems. NanoMag brought together Europe’s leading experts in;
synthesis of magnetic single- and multi-core nanoparticles, characterizations of magnetic nanoparticles
and national metrology institutes. In the consortium, we have gathered partners within companies,
metrology institutes, universities and research institutes, all carrying out front end research and developing
applications in the field of MNP systems. The NanoMag project was a for year project started in 2013 and
ended in 2017. The objectives of the NanoMag project has been to improve and redefine existing
analysing methods and in some cases, to develop new analyzing methods for MNPs. By using improved
manufacturing technologies, we have synthesized MNPs with specific properties that have been analysed
with a multitude of characterization techniques (focusing on both structural as well as magnetic properties)
and the experimental results was correlated between different analysis techniques, and we obtained a self-
consistent picture that describes how structural and magnetic properties are interrelated. In the NanoMag
project we have used almost all existing analysis techniques to study MNPs. The project has defined
standard measurements and techniques which are necessary for defining a magnetic nanostructure and
quality control. The areas we have studied in the NanoMag project was focused on biomedical
applications, for instance bio-sensing (detection of different biomarkers), contrast substance in
tomography methods (Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Particle Imaging) and magnetic
hyperthermia (for cancer therapy). In the NanoMag project we have had an associated stakeholder
committee group (17 members) of companies and universities in the fields of synthesis of MNPs and
analysis techniques. These group have helped the NanoMag consortium in the different surveys we have
sent out to understand the industrial needs and challenges in the fields of MNP synthesis, standardization
and analysis methods. Four surveys were distributed to over 250 organizations and the answers were
analysed to improve our standardization work and strategies. During the project NanoMag members have
made substantial standardization contributions to ongoing ISO standardization work in the field of MNP
systems. For most of the measurement methods standardization procedures (SOPs), uncertainty budgets
and metrological descriptions has been developed. Over 50 new MNP systems (single- and multi-core
particles) have been synthesized in the project and also SOPs for the synthesis of MNP systems have been
developed. We have obtained improvements in reproducibility of MNP synthesis. In the project we have
developed new MNP products and MNP analysis methods as a result of the work in the project. To reach
out to the public with respect to basic MNP knowledge and MNP applications, four electronic-learning
modules has been developed and will be available also after the NanoMag project. Over 80 new
publications in international high impact journals and over 160 presentations and seminars have been
carried out by NanoMag partners. During the project we have also developed a clearer nomenclature in
order to describe structure and magnetic properties of MNPs and MNP ensembles. Surveys of
measurement methods for MNPs and their pros and cons, classification of these methods including also
classification of different types of MNP systems has been reported and published. In the project we have
used Monte-Carlo simulations in order to explain the experimental results, which have led to improved
modelling of MNP magnetic properties, especially the dynamic magnetic behaviour (for instance to be
used in the magnetic hyperthermia field). Round Robin measurements (same analysis methods on the
same MNP samples but in different labs utilizing the developed SOPs) using different types of MNP
systems have been carried and the result was promising.
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4.1.2 Project Context and Objectives
Activities and context of the NanoMag project can be seen below and which WP’s the activities belongs
to. The WPs are defined in figure 1 below.
• Synthesis of MNP with defined properties WP1/WP3
• Improvement of existing analysis methods WP2/WP4
• Development of new analysis methods WP2/WP4/WP6
• Understanding of structural and magnetic properties WP3/WP4/WP6
• Definition of standard measurements WP4/WP5
• Definition of magnetic nanostructures and quality control WP3/WP4/WP5
• Dissemination and exploitation WP7
• Administration and management WP8
The work-packages were organized and connected as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 the work packages and how they are linked together.
The strategic objectives of the NanoMag project were:
• To identify analysis and characterization techniques that can be used as standardization
measurements in the field of magnetic nanoparticle research and development and that will provide
valuables tools to the manufacturing process of magnetic nanoparticles and the regulatory work on
magnetic nanoparticles.
• Use new or improved analysis techniques to control the properties of magnetic nanoparticles that
improve their specific application.
• Promote the standardization techniques so they can be used both in research as well in industry,
SME or large companies.
• Provide/enable a traceable route for novel characterization techniques from a laboratory research
towards the basis of new metrological standards, which do currently not exist in the area of
magnetic nanoparticles.
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The achievement of the strategic goals of the NanoMag concept requires the advancement in several
complimentary characterization technologies.
The specific technical objectives of the project were:
• Correlate the magnetic and structural properties of magnetic nanoparticles.
• Develop new analysis techniques and models in the field of magnetic nanoparticles.
• Improve the traceability of the total magnetic nanoparticle “life time” from manufacturing to the
specific application.
• To present standardized procedures for manufacturing magnetic nanoparticles with specific
properties, for instance the size and size distribution and the aggregation state for a given material.
The overall workflow in the project can be seen in figure 2 below.
Figure 2 The workflow in the NanoMag project
In the application work package (WP6) we tested the new synthesized optimized MNP systems for each
application area.
4.1.3 Main Scientific and Technical Results
The NanoMag project summarizing the actual results are listed below. Also, some recommendations for
future work are listed in bold.
MNP synthesis
• Comprehensive description of synthesis routes
• Extensive synthesis of MNP covering different synthesis routes and MNP properties
• MNP series with gradually changing parameters
• Reproducibility of MNP synthesis in different labs
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Improvement of existing analysis methods
• Overview and classification of MNP analysis methods
• SOPs and technical documentation
• Uncertainty budgets (in some cases)
Development of new analysis methods
• Numerical inversion techniques for reconstruction of distributed parameters
• Optical measurement of dynamic susceptibility
Understanding of structural and magnetic properties
• Comprehensive analysis of MNP series with gradually changing parameters
• Characterization of multi-core MNPs
• Neutron scattering measurements in combination with other characterization methods
Definition of standard measurements
• Metrological checklists
• SOPs and technical documentation
• Active participation in ISO/TC229 (ISO 19807 and PG14)
Definition of magnetic nanostructures and quality control
• Definition of structural concepts and terminology for single-core and multi-core particles
• Examples of comprehensive characterization of (complicated) MNPs, (e.g. nanoflowers)
• Quality control (Task 4.2 in the analysis work package WP4)
Dissemination and exploitation
• Stakeholder interaction (four online surveys, workshops)
• E-learning modules, four e-learning modules was developed in the project and available link from
NanoMag website and hosted at the NPL website
• Scientific publications
• Commercial exploitation of project results
• Follow-up project EMPIR MagNaStand (start 2017, coordinated by PTB)
• PR activity (EuroNanoForum 2015, NanoMag was voted to be among the 10 best EU projects
related to Nanoscience)
Main technical and scientific impacts in the project are listed below. Future work in bold.
• Clear nomenclature for describing structure and magnetic properties of MNPs
and MNP ensembles
• Improvements in reproducibility of MNP synthesis. Over 50 new MNP systems were synthesized
in the project.
• Surveys of measurement methods for MNPs and their pros and cons, classification of these
methods including classification of different types of MNP systems
• A stakeholder committee group was formed in the NanoMag project that helped with the MNP
surveys performed
• Standard operation procedures, uncertainty budgets and metrological descriptions were developed
• Improved modelling of MNP magnetic properties, especially: dynamic magnetic behaviour
• Correlation analysis between MNP parameters determined by different analysis methods
• Over 80 new publications in international high impact journals and over 160 presentations and
seminars
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• E-learning modules (NPL-web site, linked from the NanoMag website). 132 people have already
enrolled to the first 2 modules. The number is expected to increase significantly when all modules
are launched after the end of the project.
• Substantial contribution to ongoing ISO MNP standards (ISO 19807 ” Nanotechnology — Liquid
suspension of magnetic nanoparticles — Characteristics and measurements', PG14
"Superparamagnetic beads for free cell DNA extraction)
• Analysis service in the future (information will be collected at NanoMag homepage and PTB
data server)
• Continuation with the MagnaStand EU project coordinated by Uwe Steinhoff (PTB).
• Round Robin measurements (same analysis methods but in different labs) using different types of
MNP systems
A detailed description of the results in each work package (WP) are given in the following sections.
WP1: Definitions of magnetic nanoparticles
Work undertaken
In WP1 we defined the MNP systems that were synthesized in WP3 and analysed in WP4. We will also
decide the additional commercial MNP systems that were analysed in WP2. The work was separated into
three parts:
• Definitions of single-core particles
• Definitions of multi-core particles
• Definitions of commercial magnetic nanoparticles
Scientific and Technical Results
3.1.2.1 Definition of single-core particles
In the initialization phase of the project, we have defined relevant parameters to be considered for
identifying particles as single-core MNPs. We have listed the main structural and magnetic characteristics
of single-core MNPs in D1.1. Single-core MNPs can be produced by several chemical methods. The main
routes are the aqueous phase and the organic phase synthesis techniques. An overview of the most
commonly used approaches both synthesis techniques has been prepared. As a result of this task, we
agreed on a list of single-core MNPs prepared by different synthesis routes with a variety of structural and
magnetic characteristics, and different surface modifications. Responsibilities and roles of the project
partners in synthesizing these MNPs were defined.
3.1.2.2 Definition of multi-core particles
The main structural and magnetic characteristic of multi-core MNPs were summarized in D1.2. An
overview has been compiled of multi-core MNP systems and their synthesis routes being appropriate to
produce MNPs for different applications such as magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic particle imaging, magnetic separation and MNPs for bio-sensing and lab-on-chip platforms.
Based on this, we identified multi-core MNPs to be synthesized and characterized in WP3. The most
promising MNPs were selected for comprehensive analysis in WP4. We agreed on a list of multi-core
MNPs with magnetic cores from magnetite or maghemite, with small size distributions, iron oxide core
sizes in the range of 5 nm to 100 nm and hydrodynamic diameters below 100 nm or between 100 nm and
200 nm. The coating materials were dextran or carboxy dextran, starch, silica, polyethylene glycol or
corresponding polymer derivatives.
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3.1.2.3 Definition of commercial magnetic nanoparticles
We established a comprehensive survey on available commercial single- and multi-core MNPs based on
the information of the involved partners in WP1 (MICROMOD, NANOPET, SP, CSIC, ACREO, TUE,
UCL, PTB). In report D1.3, we compiled information available from internet product descriptions
published on companies’ websites. Four types of commercial players were identified: 1. Biomedical MNP
manufacturer and companies placing MNP on the market for in-vitro applications, 2. Medical in-vivo
injectable, 3. Technical engineering, and 4. Industrial chemicals supply. The project consortium decided to
work with focus on biomedical commercial MNP according to Type 1. Six commercial MNP systems
were defined for further analysis. Four of them are single- and multi-core MNPs with hydrodynamic
diameter below 100 nm and different magnetic relaxation behaviour at room temperature, and two
samples with larger particle size for magnetic separation and micro-sensing applications.
Impact on other Work Packages
The defined single- and multi-core MNPs were synthesised and initially characterized in WP3. The MNPs
were utilized in our comprehensively studied in WP4 in order to improve and re-define the analysis
methods. The defined MNPs were also used for our application and benchmark activities in WP6. The
defined commercial MNPs were characterized in WP2 in order to decide which analysis technique and
which models will be used in WP4 and which MNP parameters can be obtained.
WP2: Definitions of analysis methods
Work undertaken
In this work package, we have used the commercial single- and multi-core MNPs defined in WP1 for an
initial characterization using various analysis technique. We have investigated the analysis techniques and
decided which techniques we use in WP4 for the respective MNP system and which nanoparticle
parameters were important for our standardization work in WP5. We have also studied which models are
needed in order to determine relevant parameters for a deeper understanding of the MNPs. The work was
divided into three parts:
• Analysis of the initial measurements
• Definition of characterization and analysis methods
• Definition of models
Scientific and Technical Results
3.2.2.1 Analysis of the initial measurement
A comprehensive overview (D2.1) has been prepared which comprises the structural and magnetic
parameters of the commercial MNPs that we have defined in WP1. Here, we summarized the results
obtained by the available analysis techniques in NanoMag. The parameters of the following commercial
particle system were summarized:
• Micromod BNF multi-core particle with a hydrodynamic diameter of 80 nm.
• NanoPET FeraSpin-R multi-core particle system with a hydrodynamic diameter of 60 nm.
• Ocean Nanotech SHP25 and SHP20 single-core particles with hydrodynamic diameters of 25 nm and 20 nm
respectively.
Along with the results of the characterization of the particle system, the overview D2.1 comprises for each
analysis technique and based on the analysis results, a summary of the standard practice measurements
including information on the sample preparation and amount, used concentrations, details on measurement
systems and parameters, measurement time, calibrations and used models for data analysis. From these
information, a measurement matrix has been generated which is shown in Table 1. It gives a summary of
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the analysis techniques that are available in NanoMag and the accessible structural and magnetic MNP
properties.
Table 1: Overview of the analysis methods and accessible MNP properties
1 Scherrer analysis can yield the average crystal coherence length, but not the particle distribution. 2 only EA can be determined;
If the anisotropy constant is known, the particle volume can be derived. 3 The concentration can be determined by e.g. ICP-MS,
prussian blue staining or phenanthroline. 4 By investigating a concentration series. 5 The energy absorption can be estimated
from by analysis of χ’’. (X) = Derivable under favourable circumstances, e.g. if dp >> resolution limit of the microscope
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3.2.2.2 Definition of analysis methods and models In the definition stage in WP2, a survey was compiled based on information on the data analysis, the structural and
magnetic parameters that can be determined, assumptions or additional input parameters for the data analysis and a
discussion on possible uncertainties and their magnitude. The survey further comprises information on interrelation
with other analysis methods, proposals for measurement improvement and modifications for more reliable output
parameters and modelling and simulations for the interpretation of measurement results.
Based on this survey the analysis methods were classified to:
Group 1: Structure, chemical composition and particle size distribution
• Conventional scattering techniques (XRD, ND)
• Small-angle scattering (SAXS, SANS)
• Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM)
• Dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering, zeta-potential
• Asymmetrical field flow fractionation (AF4)
• Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
• Mössbauer spectroscopy
Group 2: Temperature and field dependent magnetization and resonance measurements
• Magnetization versus temperature (m vs. T)
• Isothermal magnetization measurements (m v H)
• AC susceptibility vs. temperature (AC v T)
• Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)
Group 3: Frequency and time dependent magnetization/relaxation measurements
• Magnetorelaxometry (MRX)
• Frequency dependent AC-susceptibility (ACS)
• Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS)
• Rotating magnetic field method (RMF)
Group 4: Application oriented magnetic measurements
• NMR T1- and T2-Relaxivity
• Magnetic Separation
• Magnetic Hyperthermia
• Brownian relaxation measurements using on-chip relaxometry using a magnetoresistive sensor and
optomagnetic sensing
Models were defined for those analysis techniques where modelling is needed to extract the MNP
parameters from the measurement data.
Impact on other Work Packages
The results of the initial characterization were used in WP3 for the comparison of commercial MNPs and
new synthesized single- and multi-core MNPs. The identified chemical, structural and magnetic
characteristics that can be determined by our defined methods and models were studied in WP4 for the
characterization of new synthesized MNPs. We continuously improved our analyses and assess our
definitions within WP4 which provided the scientific background for our standardization work in WP5.
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WP3: Magnetic nanoparticle synthesis
Work undertaken
In this WP we have synthesised magnetic single-core and multi-core particles with special magnetic,
chemical and structural properties according to the definitions in WP1 and we used these MNPs for our
analysis work in WP4 in order to define the analysis standard techniques in the standardization method
work in WP5. We also used commercial magnetic nanoparticles for the comparison with the new
synthesized MNPs.
Scientific and Technical Results
We have identified different synthesis routes susceptible for being standardized for the production of
single- (task 3.1) and multi-core (task 3.2) magnetic nanoparticles suspensions for biomedical applications
(Milestone MS3), according to the definitions in WP1.
Commercial nanoparticles were chosen from a broad range of manufacturers and suppliers marketing
nanoparticles. The quantity and quality of information provided varies significantly between. The
comparison of different commercial with new synthesized nanoparticles (WP2) was challenging and not
feasible without their in-house characterization (task 3.3). For example, the Fe concentration provided by
the manufacturer, which was critical for WP2, was not reliable and differed significantly from the actual
measured values. Consequently, we elaborated a report describing the best way to determine the Fe
concentration in those suspensions to assure uncertainty below 3%.
The resulting samples have been characterized by particle size, hydrodynamic size, Fe concentration,
osmolality, pH, zeta potential and dispersion stability (task 3.4) and they have been compared with
commercial samples selected in WP1 (task 3.3, D3.3). Only those having long-term colloidal stability
(months) were distributed to WP4 and WP6 (D3.1 and D3.2) and a technical data sheets was designed.
We have developed standard operating procedures (SOP), describing the synthesis and surface
modification of these iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles to obtain colloidal suspensions in water at pH 7
following recommendations from WP5. Second batches of single-core (D3.4) and multi-core particles
(D3.5) prepared following these SOPs were delivered to WP4 and WP6.
We have analyzed the reproducibility of the selected synthesis methods and the inter-lab reproducibility
based on the characterization results provided by WP4. The SOPs have been extended including more
details on the experimental procedures and finally, non-expert labs have been invited to carry out the
synthesis following the extended SOPs (work in progress).
We have analysed the key parameters controlling particle size, aggregation and colloidal stability.
Analyses of the mechanism of particle formation and degradation have also been done in order to improve
reproducibility and reaction yield.
A tight collaboration has been stablished between synthesis groups in WP3 for improving the synthesis of
magnetic nanoparticles and its dispersion in water. Samples produced in this WP present high uniformity,
good crystallinity, long term stability and good control of core, particle and hydrodynamic size, better than
most of the commercial samples.
3.3.2.1 Selected MNP samples
Single-core particles
Magnetic nanoparticles with very low polydispersity (<10%) have been synthesized by high temperature
decomposition of iron oleate and they have been coated with silica via microemulsions (Sample CSIC01)
and dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA (Sample CSIC12) leading to single core particles (Fig. 1A). Silica
and DMSA were chosen for the coating since they are well‐studied materials, easily functionalizable and
biocompatible. Silica and DMSA has been chosen for the coating since it is a well‐studied material, easily
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functionalizable and biocompatible. The synthesis and coating methods were optimized to control the
particle size and coating thickness (Fig. 1B).
Other method that was explored to obtain single core particles without size selection was this involving
the synthesis of antiferromagnetic precursors which were subsequently coated with silica and reduced to
magnetite without change in morphology. Cores with different morphology were obtained (Fig. 1C). First,
this approach has the advantage of low inter-particle interactions of as-synthesized antiferromagnetic
nanoparticles. Moreover, it covers different core size ranges and allows obtaining different morphologies
such as rhombohedra (CSIC09), discs or needles below 200 nm [4].
The synthesis and coating methods were optimized to control the particle size and coating thickness. On
the other hand, cores with different morphology have been synthesized from antiferromagnetic precursors
which were subsequently coated and reduced to magnetite without change in morphology. Examples of
different core size from 12 to 20 nm, same coating thickness, different coating thickness from 14 to 24
nm, same core size 16 nm and different morphology, same silica coating, can be seen in figure 1 (A-C)
below.
Silica DMSA
Fig. 1. A) Single core particles with different core size from 10 to 20 nm and same coating thickness,
silica on the left and DMSA on the right.
Fig. 1 B) Single core particles with different silica coating thickness from 14 to 24 nm and same core size
16 nm.
Fig. 1 C) Single core particles with different morphology and same silica coating.
Multi-core particles
Controlling number of cores per aggregates, same core size
BNF-Starch particles with nominal diameters of 80 nm and 100 nm were selected as commercially
available multi-core particles from Micromod in WP1. Within WP3 Micromod followed different
strategies to modify the coating process of the iron oxide cores of BNF particles (around 20 nm core size)
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to change the number of cores per aggregate and to obtain particles with a more uniform number of iron
oxide crystals per particle to improve the magnetic particle properties (Table 1). Magnetic fractionation
techniques and the peptization of iron oxide cores before coating led to a smaller and more uniform
number of iron oxide cores per particle.
Table 1. Summary of multi-core particles derived from iron oxide cores of BNF particles.
MM-03 MM-04 MM-05 MM-06
Core material -Fe2O3/Fe3O4 -Fe2O3/Fe3O4 -Fe2O3/Fe3O4 -Fe2O3/Fe3O4
Coating material dextran dextran starch Poly(acrylic acid)
Na salt
Functional groups OH OH OH COOH
PCS size
(Z-Average) 79 nm 64 nm 115 nm 126 nm
PDI 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.12
Fe concentration 5.0 mg/ml 5.0 mg/ml 5.0 mg/ml 5.1 mg/ml
Comments
Magnetic
Fractionation (planar
design)
Peptization of iron
oxide before coating
Magnetic Fractionation
SEPMAG-Q100 [2]
Peptization and
coating in one step
The commercial and biocompatible sample FeraSpin R, which is synthesized by aqueous coprecipitation
of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in the presence of carboxydextran as stabilizing agent, consists of clustered 5 nm iron
oxide nanoparticles forming aggregates of various sizes (Fig. 2). Via magnetic fractionation different
narrowly distributed size fractions of these aggregates were obtained by NanoPET, while all aggregates
are composed of the same sized cores having a diameter of about 5 nm. From these the smallest size
fraction FeraSpin XS, containing solely single-core particles, and a medium size fraction FeraSpin L were
chosen for an extensive characterization in WP4.
Fig. 2. TEM images of a cluster of FeraSpin XS (5 nm cores coated with carboxidextran) at different
magnification and hydrodynamic size evolution of FerraSpin samples with the magnetic fractionation.
Controlling core-core interaction
Different strategies to obtain flower-shaped iron oxide assemblies in the size range 25-100 nm were
examined (Fig. 3 A). The routes are based on the partial oxidation of Fe(OH)2, polyol mediated synthesis
or the reduction of iron acetylacetonate. The nanoparticles are functionalized either with dextran or citric
acid and their long-term stability is assessed. Key synthesis parameters driving the self-assembly process
capable of organizing colloidal magnetic cores into highly regular and reproducible multi-core
nanoparticles were determined. This is the first step towards standardized protocols of synthesis and
characterization of flower-shaped nanoparticles.
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Fig. 3 A) Multicore samples with magnetic cores of around 10 nm self-organized forming larger
nanoparticles of around 30 nm up to 150 nm (NPG3310, MM08, CSIC10, SP06) [1].
Different core size, same particle size
The polyol-mediated synthesis has been explored and developed for the preparation of well-controlled
magnetic nanoparticles with different core size and arrangement to form the final multicore particles. A
prolonged heating of the flowers (nanoflower nanoparticles) leads to particles with larger cores with
interesting magnetic and colloidal properties (Fig. 3B).
Fig. 3 B) Multicore nanoparticles prepared by the polyol process with different core size depending on the
heating time, from 2 h up to 48 h [2].
Different coating
In order to have a broad portfolio of different nanoparticles covering a wide range of physical and
magnetic properties, several other synthesis techniques and coating materials were utilized [11-14].
NPG3310 for example was synthesized by a partial oxidation pathway and coated by the biocompatible
polymer dextran, inducing a steric stabilization (Fig. 3C). By using citric acid and coprecipitation, charge
stabilised nanoparticles have been synthesized. Nanoparticles, being stabilised sterically and by charge,
have been synthesized by using poly(acrylic acid) as coating material.
Fig. 3 C) TEM micrographs of dextran-, poly(acrylic acid)- and citrate stabilized multi-core samples synthesized by
nanoPET.
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Flower like particles of 100 nm core sizes have also been coated with dextran, citric acid, amino propyl
silane (APS) and amino dextran with interesting colloidal properties and different surface charge, going
from positive (+42 mV) with animodextran to negative (-30 mV) with citric acid and Z average sizes
around 200 nm.
Different super-structure
SP synthesized nanoflowers (SP06) by means of sodium borohydride, which acts as reducing agent of iron
(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3). Nanoflowers synthesized by this route were embedded on polystyrene
spheres via the emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) process or encapsulated forming super-structures. The
differences in nature of aggregation of the magnetic cores could lead to different modes of inter-particle
magnetic interactions. This would have an impact on application oriented properties such as NMR
relaxivities, hyperthermia etc.
Fig. 3 D) Multicore MNPs with different modes of magnetic core aggregation (left: SP06 and right: SP07).
Interesting series from single- to multi-core MNPs
Interesting series of magnetic suspensions going form multicore to single core nanoparticles were obtained
with particles made of 5 nm cores by NanoPET as mentioned before (FeraSpain samples) and for 30 and
60 nm cores prepared by ICMM [15] and Micromod by magnetic fractionation after dextran coating
(CSIC04, 5, 6) and sedimentation fractionation after PAA-Na coatings with different molecular weights
(CSIC08) (Fig. 4A). We observed excellent reproducibility of CSIC05 and CSIC04.
Single-core and multi-core, including hollow spheres and nanoflowers, can be prepared by the polyol
process (Fig. 4B). Sodium acetate (NaAc) can control the nucleation and assembly process to obtain the
different particle morphologies that can be further stabilized in water by coating with citric acid. The
particles are formed by burst nucleation and growth processes that determine the final nanostructure [2].
Finally, by controlling the internal structure of anisometric particles [4], we have developed single and
multicore particles as those presented in Fig. 4C. The possibility of generating a discontinuous structure
within a particle by forcing the pore formation may be an interesting strategy to develop new materials
with tuned magnetic properties for biomedical applications.
A NP@DEXTRAN CSIC-05-B CSIC-04-B CSIC-06
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Z a
ve
(n
m)
Sample Name
Z-average (DLS)
Aggregate diameter (TEM)
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B
C
Fig. 4. A) From multicore to single core nanoparticles 30 nm cores coated with dextran (right-top and
bottom, CSIC05-CSIC04-CSIC6) and subjected to magnetic fractionation. B) Single-core and multi-core
(hollow spheres and nanoflower) prepared by the polyol process (DEG/EG). C) Needle shaped magnetic
nanoparticles with different internal structure.
Multi-core nanoparticles prepared in different polyol media (DEG/EG) and in the presence of different
reactants such as NaAc and NMDEA that modify the viscosity and the boiling point of the media [5], [6].
Impact on other Work Packages
The single- and multi-core MNPs synthesized in WP3 were characterized in WP4 and WP6.
Synthesized particles with defined properties were used in WP4 to verify, improve and harmonize the
analysis methods to be standardized in WP5.
WP4: Magnetic nanoparticle analysis
Work undertaken
In WP4 we carried out the characterization and analysis work and we used the analysis methods and
models that were defined in WP2. We have classified the analysis methods according standard methods
that were used for all MNP samples and more specialized methods used for selected MNP systems. We
studied single- and multi-core MNPs that were synthesized in WP3 and we compared our results with
commercial MNP systems. We correlated the results obtained by different analysis techniques in order to
get a self-consistent picture of the MNP systems. The work was divided into four parts:
• Characterization and analysis results from the single-core nanoparticles
• Characterization and analysis results from the multi-core nanoparticles
• Finely tuned characterization and analysis methods for the single-core and multi-core nanoparticles
• Correlation between analysis techniques
Scientific and Technical Results
Terminology for magnetic nanoparticles
A clear terminology for describing the structural and magnetic properties of single- and multi-core MNPs
and MNP ensembles has been developed and published in [7]. Here, we also considered those definitions
for MNPs that are available in existing standard documents. Such a summary of definitions of the MNP
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components was essential for comparing the results among the project partners and among different
measurement techniques, and it is indispensable for a coherent standardization structure MNP samples.
Classification of magnetic nanoparticles
The outcome of our characterization work in WP4 led to a classification of nanoparticles according to
their number of cores inside a particle which leads to differentiation in single- and multi-core MNPs, and
we reviewed different approaches for the synthesis of these MNP systems [8]. Both particle systems are
shown in Figure 1. Single-core MNPs contain one magnetic core per particle and the core is covered by a
matrix to prevent aggregation and agglomeration. In multi-core MNPs several cores exist within the
matrix forming an individual unity.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a single- (left) and a multi-core (right) MNP, taken from [7].
The arrangement of cores within a MNP sample has significant influence on the magnetic properties.
Whereas in single-core MNPs in suspension the magnetic moment of the particle cores can rotate via Néel
and Brownian rotation, in multi-core MNP systems Brownian rotation is suppressed as the cores are
anchored in the matrix. Only Brownian rotation of the entire particle is allowed in this system. In addition
to that, for describing the static and dynamic magnetization behavior, magnetic interaction between the
cores in multi-core structures may become relevant if the cores are closely packed. This led to the concept
described in [9], where we classified MNP systems according to their magnetic relaxation properties and
particle size parameters which are determined by utilizing magnetic analysis techniques such as ACS or
MRX and techniques like TEM and DLS capable to probe the core and particle size and the hydrodynamic
size.
The complex inner structure of multi-core MNPs lead to unique magnetic properties and can explain for
example their high performance in magnetic particle imaging [10], [11] or other biomedical applications
[12]. This shows that especially multi-core MNPs needed a comprehensive characterization and a careful
interpretation of structural and magnetic parameters including the correlation of different MNP
parameters.
17
Figure 2: Schematic picture of two subclasses of multi-core MNPs
The so-called flower-shaped MNPs [13] or “nanoflowers”, as a special type of multi-core MNPs, have
been intensively studied within WP4. These multi-core particles consist of clusters of strongly coupled
cores which exhibit unique magnetic properties and thus they are potentially relevant in for example
magnetic hyperthermia. Figure 2 shows the nanoflowers along the multi-core MNPs with relatively weak
coupling between the cores. The focus of the characterization work was on the exploration of interaction
between the nanocrystals inside an MNP. Thus, in [1] we classified the flower-shaped MNPs according
their interaction between the cores and between the particles which can be adjusted by different synthesis
routines. This enables us to tune the static and dynamic magnetic properties of MNPs for specific
applications.
3.4.2.1 Classification of analysis methods
A classification of analysis methods into standard and advanced analysis techniques has been created and
published in [14]. Standard techniques have large potential for standardization, whereas more advanced
methods that provide additional information in order to gain a more detailed picture of an MNP system,
however, due to their complexity and availability, these methods have limited potential to pose as standard
methods for MNP characterization. Partners of the NanoMag consortium being experts in the field of
nanoparticle research have assessed the analysis techniques considering different scientific, technological
and economic aspects [14].
We furthermore developed a measurement matrix which provides information on the sample requirements
(amount and sample forms) for each analysis technique and we gave an overview of the estimated cost of
a single measurement using the technique and the types of sample, the method should be applied to.
Table 2 presents the outcome of the assessment of analysis methods as a classification into standard
methods, advanced methods and intermediate methods. The latter could potentially serve as standard
methods; however, their results have to be correlated with those obtained by other techniques. Note that
some methods belong to several categories (e.g. Mössbauer and ND providing both structural and
magnetic information). Detailed information on assessment of analysis methods have been published in
[14] and in our report D4.1.
The results of this task had consequences for our subsequent analysis work as we used the standard
methods for the characterization of all NanoMag samples, whereas the advanced methods are used to gain
a deeper understanding of selected MNP systems. Furthermore, we have identified for our standardization
work in WP5 a selection of commonly used techniques, which should undergo a standardization process
with respect to the properties of MNPs. The experience from the present analysis of characterization
methods for MNP provided valuable arguments in ongoing formal ISO standardization processes.
18
Table 2: Result of assessment of methods
Standard
method
Intermediate
method
Advanced
method
Structure, composition,
size
DLS, SEM, TEM, AF4,
SAXS, ICP-MS XRD, Mössbauer XAFS, ND, SANS
Magnetic properties DCM, ACS vs. f,
ACS vs. T
FMR, MRX, MPS, RMF,
Mössbauer ND, SANS
Application oriented
methods
MPS, NMR
magn. Separation,
magn. Hyperthermia,
Chip-ACS
3.4.2.2 Characterization and analysis results from the single-core MNPs
Our report D4.2 provided a detailed description of the structure and the magnetism of single-core MNPs
and MNP ensembles and we pointed out that only a few measurement techniques are available which
provide information on a single nanoparticle. The majority of techniques measure the properties of an
MNP ensemble and in the simplest case, the MNPs can be considered to be identical. However, in
practise, the MNPs exhibit some distribution of parameters, e.g. for MNP size, magnetic moment,
magnetic anisotropy, etc. Here often a certain functional form for the probability density function in the
model is assumed and is most cases a lognormal distribution is used. An alternative to that is the
regularized inversion method which we have developed and published in [15]. The main advantage of the
numerical inversion method is that no ad hoc assumptions regarding the line shape of the extracted
distribution functions are required. This approach has been verified by comparing the results with the
results obtained by standard model fits, i.e. where lognormal distribution was assumed.
Along with the basic description of single-core MNPs and ensembles our report D4.2 gave comprehensive
summary of analysis methods and models for single-core MNP description. The information on each
analysis techniques are summarized according the metrological checklist [16] which provides a guideline
for the development of a standard. We furthermore presented an overview of the results of structural and
magnetic characterization of single-core MNPs which have been synthesized within the project. As a
consequence of the variety of analysis methods, there is some redundancy in parameters which helps one
to verify and refine models. In [17] we have published the results of the comparison of single-core MNP
sizes determined by different non-magnetic and magnetic analysis techniques. It was found that the mean
core diameters determined from TEM, DCM, ACS and MRX measurements agree well although they are
based on different models. We found good agreement among the results which proved the applicability of
these techniques and their related models for the characterization of single-core nanoparticles. In a similar
study, we found for single-core MNPs also very good agreement between core diameter obtained by TEM,
DCM and MRX [18]. However, it turned out that in the investigation of multi-core MNPs large
differences were present mainly caused by the applied models and the complex core structure.
In [4] we correlated structural and magnetic properties of large single-core MNPs using a variety of
analysis methods was published in. We could demonstrate how the magnetic behavior is affected by the
shape of the MNPs, their internal structure and the reduction process.
We could demonstrate in [19] that measurements of the complex susceptibility as a function of frequency
on suspensions of thermally blocked MNP allow the simultaneous estimation of the hydrodynamic size
and of the effective anisotropy constant.
The magnetic field dependence of the Brownian and Néel relaxation has been investigated using two
single-core MNP systems [20]. Here we have shown that we are capable to model the dynamic magnetic
behavior as a function of field amplitude and under application of an ac field superimposed by a static
magnetic field.
19
In [21] the micro- and mesostructure of self-assembled mesocrystals composed of nanocubes with
different edge lengths in the absence and presence of an applied magnetic field has been investigated. The
results of this study are summarized in a qualitative phase diagram which outlines the preparation of
mesocrystals and arrays with tunable micro- and mesostructure.
3.4.2.3 Characterization and analysis results from the multi-core MNPs
In our report D4.3 we presented a detailed description of the inner structure and the magnetism of multi-
core MNPs. As in most cases interactions between the cores inside a nanoparticle must be considered for
describing the magnetism of multi-core MNPs, we gave a detailed description of the magnetic interaction
and relaxation properties on the basis of multi-core and flower-shaped MNPs. Report D4.3 also presented
a comprehensive survey on the structural and magnetic properties of a selection of four multi-core MNPs
that have been synthesized in our project. We summarized here information on each analysis techniques
and models in accordance to the metrological checklist [16] and we considered particularities which arise
from interactions in multi-core MNPs.
We were able to disclose the distribution of cores inside the MNPs and we could explain the magnetic
behaviour which is significant affected by dipolar interactions between the cores [22]. Therefore, we
studied the structural and magnetic properties of multi-core MNPs using a generalised numerical inversion
technique.
In [23] we could show on the commercial FeraSpin series synthesized by nanoPET that FeraSpin XS can
be described as individual nearly spherical single-core MNPs, while FeraSpin L consists of larger, slightly
elongated clusters in which the interaction between the cores significantly alters the magnetic properties.
We comprehensively studied flower-shaped MNPs diverting core sizes and different packing densities
inside a particle and thus variating interactions [1]. By comparing the results obtained from various
analysis methods, we could disclose the inner structure of the core-clusters and link them to their magnetic
properties. The heat generation of the flower-shaped MNPs in different stages of the synthesis was
determined in [2] and compared with other particle types.
We explored the effect of the alignment of the magnetic easy axes on the dynamic magnetization of
immobilized multi-core MNPs under an AC excitation field [24] and we obtained quantitative agreement
between experiment and simulation. These results indicate that the dynamic magnetization of immobilized
MNPs is significantly affected by the alignment of the easy axes.
Characterization of multi-core MNPs with application oriented methods
Large effort has been made in characterizing multi-core MNPs with application oriented methods with the
aim to link the structural and magnetic characteristic and their performance in final application. We could
show for example, how the amplitude and shape of the MPS spectra is affected by different physiological
media [25]. Additionally, the observed linear correlation between MPS amplitude and shape alterations
can be used to reduce the quantification uncertainty for MNP suspended in a biological environment.
In [26] we proposed a dual-frequency acquisition scheme to enhance sensitivity and contrast in the
detection of different particle mobilities compared to a standard single-frequency MPI protocol. The
method takes advantage of the fact, that the magnetization response of the tracer is strongly frequency-
dependent, i.e. for low excitation frequencies a stronger Brownian contribution is observed.
In [27] we studied the structure and the magnetism of MNPs that were synthesized by a promising
diffusion-controlled synthesis. From the characterization, we could demonstrate that a diffusion-controlled
synthesis approach process allows to produce MNP suspensions with a large fraction of particles
exhibiting a mean effective magnetic core size of about 28 nm which lies within the size range considered
ideal for MPI.
We revealed how the particle size and concentration have influence on the separation of multi-core MNPs
[28]. It was found that an increasing particle concentration leads to a reduction of the separation time for
large nanoparticles due to the higher probability of building chains. For smaller MNPs the chain-formation
is suppressed due to faster thermal fluctuation which led to concentration-independent separation times.
20
In [29] we explored the suitability of multi-core-MNPs in different polymer matrices to be used in MRI
and we compared the MNPs with a MNP system approved for clinical use as contrast agent. Along with a
comprehensive structural and magnetic analysis we could show that the synthesized MNPs exhibited
higher R2 relaxivities and R2/R1 ratios compared to the commercial MNPs indicating their potential as
new MRI contrast agents.
The effect of nanoclustering and dipolar interactions on the efficiency in magnetic hyperthermia was
analyzed in [30]. We have shown that the magnetic hyperthermia performances of nanoclusters and single
nanoparticles are distinctive and that nanoclustering of particles with randomly oriented easy axes is
detrimental to the SAR. A decrease in ILP is observed when the nanocluster size and number of particles
in the nanoclusters increase. This result is very interesting as in nanoflowers, where the cores inside the
particles exhibit the same crystalline orientation, the SAR increases with increasing cluster size. For the
individual MNPs, the SAR depends on particle concentration and thus increasing dipolar interaction.
We explored ellipsoidal MNPs subjected to an external AC magnetic field. First, the heat release is
increased due to the additional shape anisotropy [31]. The rods can also dynamically reorientate
perpendicular to the AC field direction. Importantly, the heating performance and the directional
orientation can be controlled by changing the AC field treatment duration, thus opening the pathway to
combined hyperthermic/mechanical nanoactuators for biomedicine.
3.4.2.4 Finely tuned characterization and analysis methods for the single-core and multi-core
nanoparticles
The interaction among the NanoMag partners allowed to synthesize series of MNPs with varying
structural and magnetic parameters. These model MNPs have been used to verify and to improve our
analysis methods and the physical models.
Measurements on MNP series
As described in our report D4.4, a characterization strategy has been developed for MNPs which consist of
the identical cores but different assembly size, with the aim to provide a consistent procedure for
standardized analysis of multi-core nanoparticles. Along with a comprehensive structural and magnetic
characterization we could show that the number of cores inside a MNP has significant influence on the
heat generation in magnetic hyperthermia.Alongside other analysis techniques we utilized FMR and AF4
to derive a comprehensive understanding of the FeraSpin series synthesized by nanoPET [23]. We could
disclose the coupling between the cores and we could show that FeraSpin R can be described as a
superposition of the size fractions FeraSpin XS and L.
Verified and improved analysis methods
In [32] we demonstrated that improved SAXS in combination with SLS measurements delivered estimates
of these morphological parameters and this information can then be transferred into a mean core distance
inside the multi-core structure.
In [33] we could prove that ACS is capable to simulate the dynamic magnetic response of a sample
possess a bimodal size distribution, proposed that the two particle sizes result in sufficiently deviating
time constants. The numerical approach is more reliable when one particle fraction relaxes via Néel and
the other via Brownian mechanism. Using Monte Carlo simulations for fitting the SAXS, we are also able
to resolve the bimodality in the particle size. This result is important since only a few methods that can be
used to dissolve a size distribution with more than one fraction.
The dependency of the Brownian and Néel relaxation times were studied by ACS as a function of
frequency and field amplitude [20]. It was found that the Néel relaxation time decays much faster with
increasing field amplitude than the Brownian one. Whereas the dependence of the Brownian relaxation
time on the ac and dc field amplitude can be well explained with existing theoretical models, a proper
model for the dependence of the Néel relaxation time on ac field amplitude for particles with random
21
distribution of easy axes is still lacking. These findings are of great importance of applications where
larger magnetic fields are used, e.g. MPI and magnetic hyperthermia.
In [34] we presented a new experimental approach to characterize an MNP system with respect to
quantitative MRI. We could show that the hydrodynamic fractionation by AF4 and the subsequent
structural and magnetic characterization of the size fractions by DLS, MALS, MPS and NMR enables us
to evaluate the suitability of a MNP system for quantitative MRI and verify the theoretical predictions for
the size dependence of relaxation rates at the same time. The approach could facilitate the choice of MNPs
for quantitative MRI and helps clarifying the relationship between size, magnetism and relaxivity of
MNPs in the future.
Along with the numeric inversion method presented above, we have developed a new method based on the
iterative Kaczmarz algorithm that enables the reconstruction of the size distribution from magnetization
measurements without a priori knowledge of the distribution form [35]. We concluded that this method is
a powerful and intuitive tool for reconstructing particle size distributions from magnetization
measurements. We have also used the Kaczmarz' algorithm for the determination of hydrodynamic size
distribution from MRX measurements and we could show that this method is able to determine the
hydrodynamic size distribution in agreement with either the known input distribution, in the case of
simulated data, or other size estimates determined with different methods such as thermal magnetic noise
spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering in the case of measured data [36].
In [37] we could identify the similarities and the differences in MRX and thermal magnetic noise
spectroscopy. Both techniques are based on the same physical principle, i.e. the thermal
fluctuations of the magnetic moment.
A new MPS setup was built which allows temperature dependent measurements in order to investigate the
temperature dependence of the harmonics spectra [38].
Standard operation procedures
In preparation of our standardization work in WP5, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for each
analysis methods have been developed within WP4. For analysis methods being available at different
facilities, a harmonized standard operation procedure has been compiled. The SOPs were published in our
report D5.2. On the basis of the prepared SOPs, we have performed Round Robin tests, where we
compared the MNP parameters measured by different partners. The results of these comparison studies
were utilized to continuously improve the SOPs and to identify influence factors that were relevant for
discrepancies among the results. However, within the project duration we were not able to finish our
studies and to measure identical values at different institutes. This is still a challenge for future research
projects.
Uncertainty budget calculation
In a Mössbauer study [39], we were able to identify independent influence factors that are relevant for the
uncertainty of the mean isomer shift, used for the quantification of the magnetite content in MNPs, and we
could derive a quantitative expression for the uncertainty budget. This concept has been applied at two
different laboratories where the magnetite fraction values determined from the Mössbauer measurements
agree within their respective uncertainties. This activity served as a model project for other analysis
techniques in order to develop an uncertainty budget for all derived structural and magnetic parameters
that are relevant for the reliable characterization of MNPs. Within the project we could identify the main
influence factors for uncertainty for most of the analysis methods, however, we could not achieve the
preparation of uncertainty budgets for all techniques. This should be solved in future research projects, for
instance the newly started MagNaStand project in July 2017, coordinated by PTB where some of the
NanoMag partners are participating (PTB, RISE Acreo, UCL, Micromod) as well as new partners from
both industry and metrological institutes.
22
3.4.2.5 Correlation between analysis techniques
The comparison of MNP parameters is of utmost importance in order to get a self-consistent description of
MNP systems. Consequently, we correlated our results in most of our activities. Our public report D4.5
gives an overview of the main results of a) correlation between the same MNP parameter determined by
different techniques and b) the comparison of different MNP parameters. A consistent picture was found
for the hydrodynamic particle size. However, quite some scatter between data was observed for core
parameters, such as core size, effective anisotropy constant, and magnetic moment.
It was found that for single-core nanoparticles a number of methods consistently provide the same value
for the core size and hydrodynamic size distribution. Slight differences can be attributed e.g. to the applied
models. The situation is somewhat more complicated for multi-core MNP and nanoflowers.
Although there is a variety of analysis methods e.g. for determining the core size (TEM, DCM, MRX,
ACS, SAXS, etc.), there is no best method which could be identified as standard one. However, the good
agreement of size parameters, found when comparing techniques applied to the same sample, indicates
that basically any of the methods can be applied.
The estimation of the effective anisotropy constant K remains an open task. Although a number of
magnetic methods provide information on K, the physical background is manifold, ranging from the
determination of the anisotropy energy via the Néel relaxation time to the intra-potential-well contribution
in the dynamic susceptibility and the blocking temperature. A major problem for estimating the anisotropy
constant applying the various methods is that all techniques require their very specific nanoparticles.
A remaining challenge for future research will be a better understanding of the effective parameters and
their correlations for multi-core MNP and nanoflowers.
Impact on other Work Packages
The results and the finding in this work package have been utilized in WP3 for the improvement of MNPs
and to synthesize MNPs with specific properties.
The scientific results of our work on the classification of MNP and the classification of analysis methods
have been used in our standardization work in WP5.
The characterization of single- and multi-core MNPs has been utilized to harmonize and to improve the
analysis methods. The correlation of results led to a better understanding of link between the structural and
magnetic properties of MNPs. As a consequence, our achievements were relevant in the standardization
work in WP5 and it provided the technological background for our cooperation in the ISO/TC 229.
The partners in WP4 have provided the technical and scientific content for the preparation of a SOP for
each analysis technique considering the mandatory elements of the metrological checklist. This work was
important for WP5 as standard operation procedures are an essential step toward a standardized MNP
characterization. Furthermore, the development of uncertainty budgets was crucial for our standardization
work
The extracted structural and magnetic properties were relevant in WP6 for the verification and
improvement of application measurements.
WP5: Standardization of magnetic nanoparticles
Work undertaken
In WP5 we studied the results from the synthesis work in WP3 and the analysis result of WP4 obtained on
new synthesized and commercial MNPs and we have defined standardization methods and parameters.
The work was divided into three parts:
• Standardization strategies of magnetic nanoparticle systems
• Defined standardization methods and relevant parameters
• Standardization roadmap
23
Scientific and Technical Results
3.5.2.1 Standardization work strategies
Our report D5.1 presented an overview of the identified key physical parameters and the defined
terminology to be used for classification and description of magnetic nanoparticle systems. This overview
represented the state-of-the-art in science and technology which can be found in literature considering also
existing standards and our knowledge we gained in WP4.
We further summarized commonly used analysis techniques for the characterization of MNPs. Here, we
have drawn together the information contained within existing reports submitted by the NanoMag
partners, and to structure it in a manner similar to the requirements listed within the ISO/IEC directives for
the drafting of international standards.
We gave an overview of existing standardization work on sampling definitions, characteristics and
measurements relating to MNPs, labelling, MNP manufacturing and on standard reference material for the
MNP characterization. Finally, the standardization work strategies report D5.1 contained information on
the current and future need for metrology of MNPs.
The main results of this task have been published in [7]. Along with a summary of the state-of-the-art in
MNP science, the paper represents significant opportunities for future research projects, and are intended
to provide an overview or roadmap of major topics which should be addressed within the coming years.
This work is intended to act as a precursor to the future development of MNP standards. The
standardization work and result are also reported in D5.2 (Defined standardization methods and relevant
parameters) and D5.3 (Standardization road map).
A result of this activity is shown in Figure 3, a mix-and-match approach as a combinatorial map showing
the suggested structure around which standards relating to MNP suspensions may be built. Underlying all
of the other document types are the vocabulary standards and materials specifications class, whose content
feeds into the development of each of the other document types. The connections between the different
classes, and the manner in which they build upon the content of others is depicted by the arrows.
Figure 3: Diagram illustrating the framework for the standardization of liquid MNP products
The proposed structure is intended to allow the development and cross referencing of many interlinked
standards with the least possible confusion or amendment. Each application standard can draw upon the
specific documents which are relevant to it. Additional measurement and application standards may be
developed as and when the need arises.
3.5.2.2 Defined standardization methods and relevant parameters
SOPs that have been developed in WP4 for all measurement techniques we used in NanoMag were
published in D5.2. The SOPs have been prepared on the basis of a template [40] where the relevant points
needed for a successfully preparation of a SOP are summarized. Furthermore, already existing
standardization work was also considered in the SOPs. Furthermore, the SOPs have been established
24
according the metrological checklist [16] providing guideline for a development of a standard. The SOPs
have been used by the analysis partner for a standardized characterization of single- and multi-core MNPs.
The synthesis project partners in WP3 have also developed SOPs describing established and harmonized
synthesis routine to produce MNP reference systems. These reference systems cover single- and multi-
core MNPs that may be used to test and verify different harmonized characterization procedures. The
developed SOPs (analysis and synthesis) has only been used by NanoMag partners during the time of the
project but will be used outside the NanoMag consortium in the new started MagNaStand project (EMPIR
project coordinated by PTB).
We classified the relevant parameters according to parameters needed to identify the material, structural
and magnetic parameters and properties assessing the MNP performance in final application. Here, we
took up the NanoMag achievements and we considered also the outcome of our third survey where project
partners and stakeholders have been asked what are the most important MNP properties that could be
defined for an international standard. In order to transfer all our results to the ISO/TC 229
“Nanotechnology” and to the currently developing standard ISO 19807 [41] and ISO TC/229 N 1421 [42],
four NanoMag partners (SP, NPL, PTB, CSIC) sent technical experts to their national standardization
organizations, with the exception of CSIC, we entered also ISO/TC229 WG4 “Nanotechnologies- Material
description” as technical experts. There, we used the NanoMag knowledge for active participation in the
development of new standards, which was also acknowledged by the convenor of the committee.
Furthermore, within the NanoMag project, we gave recommendations of entire MNP analyses utilizing a
variety of characterization methods. Flow charts illustrate divergent approaches of a particle system
analysis focusing different requirements to the characterization output.
We made a proposal for a unified technical specification sheet that contains the relevant MNP parameters.
Another important finding of the NanoMag work is that the decision which MNP parameter are relevant in
application and thus are important for standardization, this decision strongly depends on the specific
application. There is not even one parameter that is always needed in the description of MNPs.
3.5.2.3 Standardization road map
Our report D5.3 (standardization road map) summarizes the standardization work within the NanoMag
project. After a short survey of the definitions and the relevant parameters of MNPs, we illustrated the
current market trends and application of MNPs. We further showed our standardization strategy (see
Figure 3) that has been developed in [7].
We highlight the status and the roadmaps of European standardization bodies (CEN/IEC) with respect to
the standardization of nanoobjects and for ISO/TC 229 “Nanotechnology”, where we in detail present the
current and future activities in working group (WG)1 “Terminology and Nomenclature”, WG2
“Metrology and Characterization”, WG3 “Health, Safety and Environment” and WG4 “Material
Specifications”.
According to Figure 3, the standardization of MNP definitions and terminology has the highest hierarchy
for standardization. We thus gave an overview of which existing standard documents already cover the
characteristics of MNPs and we gave a recommendation for a roadmap for MNP terminology
standardization.
For the most relevant MNPs parameters and relating characterization methods that have been identified
during our work and which were revealed by surveys, we summarized the available standards.
We further noticed that for none of the relevant MNP biomedical applications standard documents exist so
far and we thus recommended also a roadmap for MNP application standardization.
Impact on other Work Packages
We gave feedback to WP3 regarding the synthesis of MNP system with specific properties with the aim to
verify and harmonize analysis methods to be used for standardization.We were in strong collaboration
with WP4 concerning the preparation of SOPs and Round Robin tests. We supported the partners in WP3
and WP4 in case of metrological issues and we provided the basis for the preparation of uncertainty
25
budgets in WP4. We have continuously informed all NanoMag partners about the current activities at ISO
to that they had the opportunity to contribute in the development of work items.
WP6: Application and benchmarking
Work undertaken
This work package concerned the application and benchmarking of nanoparticles produced within the
project in WP3 as well as commercially available nanoparticles with the goal of tailoring the particle
properties to achieve improved performance in the chosen applications. Three application oriented
techniques were selected for this investigation, where each technique had its own set of requirements:
(1) Magnetic particle rotation
(2) Brownian relaxation
(3) Magnetic particle imaging
Below, we report the main results and achievements separately for each of the techniques and list the
publications resulting from the work.
Scientific and Technical Results
3.6.2.1 Magnetic particle rotation
The work was divided in three tasks: First we demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the nano-
mechanical stiffness of single proteins with MMPs (Task 6.1). In the next phase (Task 6.2) we
investigated whether the nano-mechanical stiffness could be related to the change in shape also denoted as
the conformation of a protein, which determines its function. In this study, we focused on cardiac
troponin, a protein released into the bloodstream upon heart failure and therefore an important biomarker
for cardiovascular diseases. In the third phase (Task 6.3), we explored the possibility to probe the
interaction between functionalized MMPs during their approach to functionalized substrates, an important
requisite for creating sandwiched proteins in applications.
All experimental work was carried out using a home-built quadrupole electromagnet, which acts as a
magnetic torque tweezer in combination with a microscope in order to monitor the rotation of the MMPs.
In order to visualize the rotation of a single MMP with the microscope, we used fluorescent particle labels
to break the rotational symmetry. Within the project we used both commercial particles (Dynal M-270,
Thermo-Fisher) as well as particles synthesized in the NanoMag consortium by partner SP. The latter
turned out to have a broad size distribution and the biofunctionalization turned out to be significantly more
challenging than for the commercially available particles. As a result, we decided to continue using the
commercially available Dynal M-270 particles. These particles were analysed within the consortium using
standard techniques described in WP5 as well as non-standard techniques quantifying the torque described
in the deliverables 6.1 and 6.2.
An impressive result, which illustrates the achieved goals of both task 6.1 and 6.2 is shown in Figure 4.
The angular deformation of a cardiac troponin protein complex is shown as function of time in a rotating
magnetic field (Task 6.1). The three figures illustrate a reversible change in twisting amplitude that can be
related to the conformation of the troponin complex present in a flow cell when the local calcium
concentration is altered. These conformations correspond to different stages of heart muscle contraction
induced by the local calcium concentration (Task 6.2).
26
Figure 4: Angle of magnetic microparticle attached to substrate through a single troponin protein
complex recorded for several cycles of rotating magnetic field. The rotation direction of the field is
changed after approx. 5 min. Upon addition of Ca2+ (t = 30 min), a stiffening is observed as a
reduction of the angle excursions. Upon a reduction of the Ca2+ concentration (t = 60 min) the curve
obtained at t =0 min is recovered showing the stiffening to be reversible.
In biosensor applications, MMPs are magnetically pulled towards a surface to form the sandwiches that
are described above. The interaction potential of functionalized MMPs with the antibody coated surfaces
determines to a large extent the type of bond that will be formed and thereby the sensor performance. In
task 6.3 we explored probing this interaction potential with rotating MMPs. We analysed both the
magnetic field-induced particle rotation and the thermally induced random Brownian motion of the
particle when it approaches the surface. We varied the distance between the particles and the surface by
using a magnetic field to pull the particles towards the surface as well as the dilution of the buffer which
influences the electrostatic repulsion between the particle and the surface.
The measurements successfully identify two regimes of interactions that can be described by the particle
surface distance. These regimes can be explained by the particle-surface interaction potential (DLVO
theory), which predicts two energy minima separated by an energy barrier.
Experimental parameters determine that particles are either within a few nanometers from the surface with
a bond type that can be identified by the particle rotation behaviour (the primary minimum) or further
away in a secondary minimum. In this secondary minimum MMPs rotate with a significant friction to the
surface identified by the increasing phase lag to the rotating magnetic field. Here, the particles do not form
a molecular bond indicated by the relatively large translational, Brownian, motion amplitudes.
These measurements prove that magnetic particle rotation can be used to probe the interaction between
a functionalized MMP and a surface, which can be applied to optimize biosensor performance. The results
obtained in this activity are documented in [43] and in the manuscripts [44], [45].
3.6.2.2 Brownian Relaxation
This activity utilizes nanosized particles with sizes in the range of 100 nm and below to detect and
investigate biomolecules in a sample based on changes in the hydrodynamic size of the particles. The
ability of a particle to rotate in response to a rotating or oscillating magnetic field (Brownian relaxation)
depends on its size – smaller particles can rotate faster and follow the oscillating magnetic field up to
higher frequencies than larger particles. Therefore, measurements of the ability of the particles to rotate as
function of the frequency of the magnetic field can be used to estimate the size of the particles with
attached molecules. Several ways to use such measurements for bio-detection have been investigated in
the project.
The technique employed in the project is a newly developed and promising optomagnetic (OM) technique
that measures the intensity of light transmitted through a suspension of nanoparticles in response to an
oscillating magnetic field applied either along or perpendicular to the light path (Figure 5, right). The
technique has been further developed in the NanoMag project and evaluated on all new synthesised MNP
systems in the project. The technique takes advantage of the experimental fact that many particle systems
are not spherical and have a remanent magnetic moment along their long axis. Therefore, an applied
27
oscillating magnetic field produces a modulation of the intensity of transmitted light as the particles rotate
to align their magnetic moments along the magnetic field.
In the project we have developed several setups for optomagnetic measurements (Task 6.4): (1) a setup that combines centrifugal microfluidic disk with OM measurements [46] (Figure 5, left)
(2) a setup that allows for simultaneous real-time measurements at a controllable temperature in four chips [47]
(3) a setup that allows for easy change of wavelength of the light
The principle of the technique has been described in detail by Fock et al [48].
Figure 5: left: Experimental setup where
the readout is integrated with lab-on-a-
disk sample handling. [46] right:
Principle of optomagnetic measurements.
The synchronous modulation of the light
transmitted through the sample in
response to an oscillating magnetic field
is measured using a photodetector.
We have developed a new quantitative method to determine the magnetic moment and the hydrodynamic
size of particles using OM measurements [48]. The method was applied to all particle systems synthetized
in WP3 and on some commercially available particle systems to identify the particle systems with the best
performance and to gain knowledge on which of the parameters of the particle systems that are important
for the quality of measurements on the particle suspensions (Task 6.5). We have also developed a method,
which uses AC Susceptibility (ACS) and OM measurements vs. field and frequency to obtain directly the
number-weighted magnetic moment and hydrodynamic size distribution, as well as the correlation
between the distributions. The method utilizes the nonlinear response of the particle at high magnetic field
strengths [49].
When used for bio-sensing, the optomagnetic method is used to measure changes in the hydrodynamic
size distribution and/or changes in the extinction properties of the MNP dispersion upon binding of target
bio-molecules to the MNPs. This binding could be detected as either an increase of the size of the
individual nanoparticles or as a change of the signal due to clustering of the nanoparticles. Using
commercial available magnetic nanoparticles (mainly multicore particles from partner Micromod with
diameters of 80 nm or 100 nm) we have used this principle ourselves or in collaboration (Task 6.6) to
detect:
• Coils of DNA formed by a rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction [46]
• Monomerized (chopped up) rolling circle amplified DNA [50]
• Products formed from synthetic Dengue DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and
detected in real-time during the reaction [51]
• C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and comparing/benchmarking to a readout on the same samples using AC
susceptibility [52]
• NS1 protein dengue biomarker in serum [53]
• prostate- specific antigen (PSA) using shape anisotropy enhanced optomagnetic measurement [54]
• Thrombin [55]
• the pH dependence of DNA triplex nanoswitches [47]
From the vast amount of particle systems synthesized in WP3, a limited set of candidates for bio-detection
was identified, and one particle system (prepared by Micromod) was selected and optimized for bio-
detection (Task 6.6). We obtained six different batches of this particle system, and optimized the probe
28
density and the buffer used in the experiment. We were able to obtain slightly better performance with this
system compared to our conventional commercially available magnetic nanoparticles (also from
Micromod). We learned that the transition from a system showing reproducible physical properties to one
that also has reproducible performance after surface functionalization and exposure to bioassay conditions
should not be underestimated and is at least as demanding as defining the optimum physical properties.
During this activity, we have investigated and developed a new optomagnetic technique for
characterization and bio-detection. The technique has been applied on the characterization of the
hydrodynamic size and magnetic moment on essentially all particle systems in the project and the
information obtained (when possible) has been compared to alternative determinations. A variety of setups
have been developed and applied for the detection of a range of biomolecules using a range of different
detection strategies (see references for more information). Most of these experiments were performed
using commercially available nanoparticles produced by one of the project partners (Micromod), which
were also subject to characterization in WP4. A particle system – also prepared by Micromod – that
showed promising properties in physical measurements was selected and functionalized. However, the
performance of this system when used for bio-detection, under the conditions tested, was found to be only
marginally better than that used previously.
3.6.2.3 Magnetic particle imaging
The new tomographic imaging modality magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is able to combine high spatial
and temporal resolution with excellent sensitivity, opening new opportunities in clinical applications. The
principle of MPI is based on the nonlinear magnetization curve of superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles and does not stress the patient with harmful radiation. An overview of current scanner
topologies and tracer materials can be found in Panagiotopoulus et al. [56]. With optimized scanner
topologies and advanced tracers, a spatial submillimeter resolution is possible. In 2015, Bringout et al.
[57] introduced the first concept for a rabbit sized field free line MPI scanner. Also in 2015, Graeser et al.
[58] introduced a magnet particle spectroscopy (MPS) device which is able to generate field free point and
field free line field sequences while applying different possible offset fields. The flexibility of this
measurement device allows the comparison of different particle responses of different field sequences
with the same setup. A sensitivity study by Bente et al. [59] verified the linearity of the reconstructed
signal of a permanent magnet field free line MPI scanner with respect to the particle concentration of
Resovist (Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany), which is used as a gold standard in MPI, and
found a lower detection limit of 15 μg iron in magnetite. In 2017, Dieckhoff et al. [60] were able to
demonstrate an improved MPI visualization of the liver applying Resovist and an enhanced system
function approach and multiple patches reconstructions.
In task 6.7 of WP6, we investigated the suitability of particles that were synthesized, analyzed and
standardized in the NanoMag consortium. The resolution study was performed using a magnetic particle
scanning device (preclinical MPI scanner, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Ettlingen Germany) and three MPS
devices [Biederer et al., J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 42(20), 2009; Graeser et al., Phys. Med. Biol., 62(9),
2017; Chen et al., IWMPI, 2017] to compare the particles regarding their sensitivity and spatial resolution.
Over all, three commercial particles selected in WP1, 28 particles synthesized in WP3 by CSIC, nanoPET,
micromod, DTU, and SP, as well as nine particles reproduced by nanoPET and micromod regarding to the
acquired standard operating procedures of WP5 were available. For reconstruction model-based, hybrid-
based as well as measurement-based reconstruction techniques were used as introduced amongst others in
Schmidt et al. [61] and von Gladiss et al. (Phys. Med. Biol., 62(9), 2017). All measurement results were
compared to the results of Resovist,
Using the results of MPS measurements [62], [63], all the above particles were compared in terms of
signal strength in MPI both with and without the presence of magnetic offset fields. Twenty-five particles
(two commercial, 14 synthesized, eight reproduced) were selected for further investigation considering
their performance.
29
The evaluation of the measurement results identified some particles with a possible suitability for use in
MPI. The spatial resolution as well as the sensitivity of the particles showed results comparable to those of
Resovist. Figure 6 shows the reconstructed images of four particles with an emulated distance of 4 mT/µ0
corresponding to a spatial distance of 3.2 mm in the Bruker preclinical MPI scanner, including Resovist as
reference, FeraSpin R and MM08 as positive examples and CSIC07 as a negative example.
Figure 6: Reconstructed images of Resovist, FeraSpinR, MM08 and CSIC07 measured at 12 mT in x-
and y-directions with a sample volume of 10 µl and with an emulated distance of 4 mT/µ0
corresponding to a spatial distance of 3.2 mm in the Bruker preclinical MPI scanner.
In order to match some of the chemical and structural parameters of the particles with a possible MPI
suitability, parameters, such as the iron content, the particle shape and the core size as defined in the
technical data sheets or characterized by consortium members, were investigated. The comparison of those
parameters does not allow for the definition of a sharp quality criterion for the analysis and the synthesis
in respect to MPI devices. Neither the different synthesis methods nor the different particle coatings used
for the synthesis of the particles within the consortium seem to have a noticeable impact on the MPI
suitability. It can be stated though that particles with an iron core below 30 nm and an irregular or flower-
shaped core seem to be more suitable for MPI than particles with a spherical or rhombohedral core and a
core size above 30 nm. The results of this activity will be documented in [64].
Impact on other Work Packages
The partners in WP6 were in strong collaboration with WP4 and have contributed in the standardization
activities in WP5.
WP7: Dissemination and exploitation The main results in WP7 (dissemination and exploitation) are listed under “Potential Impact and Main
Dissemination Activities” section.
Potential Impact and Main Dissemination Activities (WP7: Dissemination and
exploitation) In the NanoMag project we see the following main impacts during the project.
• Clear nomenclature for describing structure and magnetic properties of MNPs
and MNP ensembles
• Improvements in reproducibility of MNP synthesis. Over 50 new MNP systems synthesized in the
project.
30
• Excellent surveys of many common measurement methods for MNPs and their pros and cons,
classification of these methods including also classification of different types of MNP systems
• Stakeholder committee group connected to the NanoMag project.
• For some measurement methods: SOPs, uncertainty budgets, metrological descriptions
• Improved modelling of MNP magnetic properties, especially: dynamic behavior
• Correlation analysis between MNP parameters determined by different analysis methods
• Over 80 new publications in international high impact journals and over 160 presentations and
seminars carried out by NanoMag partners
• E-learning modules (NPL-web site, linked from the NanoMag homepage)
• Substantial contribution to ongoing ISO MNP standards (ISO 19807 ” Nanotechnology — Liquid
suspension of magnetic nanoparticles — Characteristics and measurements', PG14
"Superparamagnetic beads for free cell DNA extraction)
• Analysis service in the future (information will be collected at NanoMag homepage and PTB data
server)
• Continuation with the MagnaStand EU project coordinated by Uwe Steinhoff (PTB).
• Round Robin measurements (same analysis methods but in different labs) using different types of
MNP systems
• Our industrial partners in the project have commercialized some of the most promising MNP
systems that was synthesized during the project
The dissemination after the NanoMag project ended are described in the NanoMag exploitation plan.
Main results from the exploitation plan are described in the following text: “Within NanoMag project we
have identified three main types of exploitable outcomes. These are areas where the work that is currently
being done within the project can be used to generate impact, either directly, through the creation of best
practice and standards, or indirectly, through the upskilling of researchers and industry in the use of
MNPs.”
1. Standardisation practices and procedures. As with any emerging field of research that is finding
applications in industry, there is a need to ensure that users are supplied with the correct
information and supporting guidelines detailing what they are dealing with and how it should be
used. This information is currently lacking in the field of MNPs and is a necessary part of building
confidence in new products, from both users and investors, as well as ensuring that these products
are used correctly, which is especially important in the many medical applications that exist.
2. Services/measurement services. As this project represents the formation of a measurement
community for MNPs, it is important to be clear about the expertise and potential services that
exist and can be offered to both industry and academia.
3. Teaching aids such as e-learning products, best practice guides, and reports on standard operation
procedures (SOPs) that will make results accessible to users. Aimed more at students and new
researchers moving into the field, the production of teaching and learning resources will help to
train the next generation of researchers and provide established researchers with the capabilities
and understanding to pursue further research into the use of MNPs in biomedical science.
These three outcomes are further described in the following pages.
Initiation of new standards
In 2015 ISO/TC229 WG4 “Nanotechnologies – Material specification” started independently of
NanoMag the development of a material specification for MNPs (ISO 19807). Immediately, NanoMag
reacted to this development by sending technical experts to the national standard developing organisations
(SDOs) in the UK, Spain, Sweden and Germany, which are all countries with considerable industrial
involvement in the MNP sector. This was necessary, because NaoMag was the dominant pre-normative
31
activity focusing on MNPs in Europe. In addition, these SDOs have now documented plans to adopt
ISO 19807 as a national standard. Except Spain, the NanoMag partners delegated their technical experts
also to ISO/TC229 WG4, where they subsequently contributed to the development of ISO 19807.
Currently ISO 19807 is in draft form with completion anticipated by the end of 2018. NanoMag partners
PTB, NPL, RISE Acreo, MICROMOD, and UCL will continue to work on ISO 19807 within the follow-
up project MagNaStand. A specific task in MagNaStand is to secure the public results of NanoMag and
make it available for further MNP standardisation at ISO and CEN level.
In September 2016, ISO/TC229 WG4 started to prepare a Preliminary Work Item “Specification for
superparamagnetic beads composed of nanoparticles for circulating tumour DNA extraction”. This
proposal did not come from NanoMag members. It has now been accepted and ISO has started the
development of the next standard involving MNPs under active contribution and involvement of the
NanoMag members. This new standard will directly affect a number of European SMEs and larger
companies working in the field. One European company, Roche-Diagnostics, has published a market
turnover in 2014 of 2.6 bln € with their immunodiagnostics (including reagents and instruments), which
are based on the use of MNPs1.
The NanoMag project has brought immense input into the development of these new standards, which
has been recognized several times by the ISO TC229/WG4 working group. In addition, an agreement has
been reached with the respective European standardisation committee CEN/TC352 “Nanotechnologies”
that the committee will support the developments at ISO and that, after finalization, it will adopt the ISO
standards as European normative documents.
Participation in other relevant MNP projects
Five members of the NanoMag consortium (NPL, RISE Acreo, DTU, PTB, UCL) are also active in the
TD COST network 1402 “RADIOMAG: Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and
Indirect Radiation Therapy”. This research network with over 140 participants covers several aspects of a
new cancer therapy based on MNPs. One workpackage is specifically dedicated to the standardisation of
MNP characterisation, where the NanoMag partners are actively involved. Participation of NanoMag
partners in a ring comparison of MNP heating characteristics was of a great importance, where the
NanoMag consortium supported the data analysis and interpretation for a larger number of participants.
Another goal within this is the setup of calibration samples for magnetic hyperthermia. The RADIOMAG
network will continue running until late 2018, well after the end of NanoMag.
Follow-up projects of MNP analysis standardisation (MagNaStand)
Acknowledging the situation that NanoMag does not have the necessary funding for a continuous
support of standardisation and it does not last long enough to finalise an ISO standards development, it
was necessary to create a follow-up project achieving these goals. For this reason, some members of the
NanoMag consortium initiated a new co-normative EMPIR project on MNPs, that in contrast to
NanoMag, which is a pre-normative project. In June 2017, the new project MagNaStand went into
operation. Participating NanoMag partners are PTB as the coordinator, NPL, UCL, RISE Acreo and
Micromod.
From the beginning, a strong collaboration and transmission of the results between NanoMag and
MagNaStand projects was envisaged. Specifically, in the MagNaStand working plan, a Task 3.1 is defined
under the title;” Knowledge transfer from the pre-normative EU FP7 project NanoMag”. The aim of this
task is to gather the metrological knowledge gained in the FP7 project NanoMag (2013-2017) and make it
available for the international standardisation of MNPs. The information collected from NanoMag will be
used within MagNaStand in the development of magnetic measurement methods, in the preparation of
metrological checklists and in the development of new standards at a national and an international level.
1 https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/8e0b0272-73d1-4e9a-8616-97ad9ee813d9
32
Measurement Services
One of the most direct ways for this project to generate impact is through ensuring that companies and
researchers are aware of the services and expertise that exist in MNP metrology. In order to grow this
awareness NanoMag is currently carrying out the following actions:
A reference sheet for methodological standards will be made free and publicly available and will be
able to be downloaded from the NanoMag website (that still will be available and updated after the
NanoMag project). This reference sheet will be designed for the customers that buy MNP systems to be
used in specific applications (such as bio-separation, hyperthermia, or bio-sensing). Each of the
application areas are interested in different specifications of the MNP systems, however knowledge of the
particle size and particle morphology (single- or multi-core), and how to treat each of these, is required for
each application. Additionally, specific magnetic saturation value and initial magnetic susceptibility are
two important parameters that customers find valuable. This sheet will be updated on the NanoMag site up
to two years after the end of the project. After this point, one suggestion would be that the synthesis
partners will keep the NanoMag specifications for their MNP systems at their own websites. This would
be preferable to leaving an out-of-date copy on the NanoMag website for later reference, however, it
would require continued coordination.
The development of new samples or reproducing of old formulations and their characterisation – at cost
– may be possible after the project’s completion. It is desirable to maintain communication between the 17
partners of the NanoMag consortium after the project. This will create a post-NanoMag community and
allow external companies to contact this community (through project coordinator Christer Johansson RISE
Acreo as primary contact), if they require guidance on synthesis, analysis and standardisation of MNP
systems. In this case the NanoMag partners might charge such companies individually for each specific
consultancy or action.
In order to facilitate this interaction between companies and the NanoMag community ‘Yellow Pages’
of NanoMag techniques and contacts is being generated and will be able to download this from the
NanoMag website. This will be a directory stating what services each partner is capable of, which can be
used be industry to find relevant points of contact and increase awareness of what the consortium as a
whole can deliver. One example is an operation of the Core Facility “Metrology of Ultra-Low Magnetic
Fields” at PTB since June 2017. PTB grants external scientists from universities, international metrology
institutes and companies access to its know-how and its equipment for the measurement of extremely
small magnetic fields, explicitly including the thorough characterization of magnetic nanoparticles.
This directory will be held on the NanoMag website. It would be efficient to have this stored with the
reference sheet and linked across partner sites after updates of the NanoMag site cease. This would need to
be well organised with defined leads and a main site to hold the curated document. This would then be
shared with organisers of conferences and meetings on MNP systems to ensure that attendees are aware of
the extent of the community that has been established to assist in the standardisation and assurance of
MNP characterisation. The NanoMag website and the NanoMag data at the PTB server will be active after
the NanoMag project has ended.
Teaching/Learning
We understand that the setting of standards and the provision of services alone will not produce impact
if the requisite understanding does not exist in both the research and industrial communities. In order to
grow this understanding, NanoMag is producing tools and guidance for education in MNPs.
The main thrust of this outcome is being pursued through production of a series of e-Learning modules
under the common title Magnetic Nanoparticles: Standardisation and Biomedical Applications. The
course comprises 4 modules, linked to the knowledge and skills generated by the NanoMag project, each
of which covers a number of lessons on different subject areas and which will be freely available
indefinitely. The content and structure of the course is summarised in the course map below.
33
Learners can take the modules individually as a stand-alone learning resource, or can undertake all four
together as a full e-Learning course. Information on these modules, including links to the e-Learning
course, can be found on the NanoMag website (www.nanomag-project.eu) and will remain live after the
website curation ends, i.e. two years after the project completion. The modules themselves are held on the
NPL e-learning website and will be accessible indefinitely. Up to now 132 people have already enrolled to
the first 2 modules. The number is expected to increase significantly when all modules are launched after
the end of the project.
For information on more routine processes, the project is developing best practice guides for specific
MNP measurement/characterisation that will be easily contextualised to relate to product information.
This will be led by PTB.
Stakeholder Surveys, Stakeholder meeting and Dissemination Conference
In order to maximise the output from the stakeholder participation, surveys were carried out in four
main areas. The surveys were implemented online using SurveyMonkey. These questions were typically
formatted in a binary or point based manner with the option to leave additional comments. The surveys
were carried out over the course of 36 months and concentrated on four main areas:
• Initial assessment of stakeholder/consortium interests and views.
• Characterisation techniques of MNP’s.
• Standards and role of standards in MNP industry.
• Performance of MNP’s in applications
The objective of the first survey was to form an initial assessment of the stakeholder interests and gauge
the general views of the stakeholder/consortium. The second survey concerned specific areas of
characterisation techniques of MNPs. The third survey concerned specific areas of standardisation and the
role of standards in the MNP industry. The fourth, and final, NanoMag survey looked at applications of
34
MNPs and whether available particles limit performance of these applications. It also included questions
on the importance of MNPs' characteristics (such as single or multiple magnetic cores, hydrodynamic size
and colloidal stability) to their purpose.
During the project, we have had two major meetings, in connection to the ordinary project meetings, with
the NanoMag stakeholder committee (PTB Berlin M18 and at SP Stockholm M36). During these
meetings, we have discussed the standardization parameters that are important in industry and how these
are applied for instance in MNP synthesis process and analysis. We have also discussed the project result
uptake and how the results can be further be used in the future.
The final dissemination conference (deliverable D7.8) took place at Waterfront Hotel in Göteborg,
Sweden on 25-26 September 2017. The presentations were chosen to show the most scientific impacts in
the project related to; I) synthesis, II) analysis and II) applications. In total 52 attended the conference. The
NanoMag stakeholder committee was represented by Barry Moskowitz and Joachim Schwender
(Ferrotec), Lluis Martinez (Sepmag), Filiz Ibraimi (Lifeassays), Grete Irene Modahl (Thermofisher), Jose
Maria Abad (Nano Immunotech) and Gunnar Schütz (Bayer). Also, external participants invited by
NanoMag partners attended the conference. We got a very good response from both the stakeholders and
the NanoMag partners that the conference was very much appreciated.
Group picture from the final dissemination conference in Göteborg, September 2017.
During the project, over 80 publications submitted to international journals and over 180 presentations at
international conferences and seminars disseminating the NanoMag results (listed in template A1 and A2)
Website and Contact The NanoMag homepage can be found at http://www.nanomag-project.eu/home.html.
Contact:
Christer Johansson, Professor
Senior Expert
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Division ICT – RISE Acreo AB
+46 72 723 33 21
Arvid Hedvalls Backe 4, 400 14 Göteborg, Sweden
35
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[42] "ISO N 1421 Nanotechnologies – Specification for superparamagnetic beads composed of nanoparticles for
circulating tumor DNA extraction".
[43] F. A. Gutierrez Mejia, "Proteins with a Twist: Torsion Profiling of Proteins at the Single Molecule, PhD Thesis,
Technical University of Eindhoven," 2016.
[44] C. M. Moerland et al., "Rotating Magnetic Beads for Lab-on-a-Chip Biosensing – A Comprehensive Review,"
Lab Chip, invited review - in preparation, 2017.
[45] F. A. Gutierrez Mejia et al., "Single Protein Conformation Switching Revealed by Antibody Targeting and
Torque," in preparation, 2017.
[46] M. Donolato et al., "Quantification of Rolling Circle Amplified DNA Using Magnetic Nanobeads and a Blu-Ray
Optical Pick-up Unit," Biosens. Bioelectron., no. 67, pp. 649-655, 2015.
[47] G. A. S. Minero et al., "Optomagnetic Detection of DNA Triplex Nanoswitches," Analyst, no. 142(4), pp. 582-
585, 2017.
[48] J. Fock et al., "Characterization of fine particles using optomagnetic measurements," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,
no. 19, p. 8802, 2017.
[49] J. Fock et al., "Field-Dependent Dynamic Magnetic and Optical Responses from Magnetic Nanoparticle
Ensembles Displaying Brownian Relaxation," in preparation, 2017.
[50] A. Mezger et al., "Scalable DNA-Based Magnetic Nanoparticle Agglutination Assay for Bacterial Detection in
Patient Samples," ACS Nano, no. 9(7), pp. 7374-7382, 2015.
[51] G. A. S. Minero et al., "Sequence-Specific Validation of LAMP Amplicons in Real-Time Optomagnetic
Detection of Dengue Serotype 2 Synthetic DNA," Analyst, 2017.
[52] J. Fock et al., "Comparison of Optomagnetic and AC Susceptibility Readouts in a Magnetic Nanoparticle
Agglutination Assay for Detection of C-Reactive Protein," Biosens. Bioelectron., 2016.
[53] P. Antunes et al., "Quantification of NS1 Dengue Biomarker in Serum via Optomagnetic Nanocluster Detection,"
37
Sci. Rep., no. 5, p. 16145, 2015.
[54] B. Tian et al., "Shape Anisotropy Enhanced Optomagnetic Measurement for Prostate-Specific Antigen Detection
via Magnetic Chain Formation," Biosens. Bioelectron., no. 98, pp. 285-291, 2017.
[55] R. Uddin et al., "Lab-on-a-Disc Agglutination Assay for Protein Detection by Optomagnetic Readout and Optical
Imaging Using Nano- and Micro-Sized Magnetic Beads," Biosens. Bioelectron., no. 85, pp. 351-357, 2016.
[56] N. Panagiotopoulos et al., " Magnetic particle imaging: current developments and future directions," International
Journal of Nanomedicine, no. 10, p. 3097, 2015.
[57] G. Bringout et al., "Concept of a rabbit-sized FFL-scanner," International Workshop for Magnetic Particle
Imaging, p. 49, 2015.
[58] M. Graeser et al., "A Device for Measuring the Trajectory Dependent Magnetic Particle Performance for MPI,"
International Workshop for Magnetic Particle Imaging, p. 96, 2015.
[59] K. Bente et al., "Sensitivity study for an MPI FFL scanner," International Workshop on Magnetic Particle
Imaging, p. 88, 2015.
[60] J. Dieckhoff et al., “In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration
measurement approach,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, no. 62(9), p. 3470, 2017.
[61] D. Schmidt et al., "Imaging characterization of MPI tracers employing offset measurements in a two
dimensional magnetic particle spectrometer," International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, p. 2, 2016.
[62] C. Debbeler et al., "MPS study on new MPI tracer material," International workshop on Magnetic Particle
Imaging, p. 113, 2016.
[63] C. Debbeler et al., "Investigation on new MPI tracer material," International Workshop on Magnetic Particle
Imaging, p. 71, 2017.
[64] C. Debbeler et al., “Resolution study on new MPI tracer material,” International Workshop on Magnetic Particle
Imaging, in preparation 2018.
38
4.2 Use and dissemination of foreground
39
Section A (public)
▪ Table A1: List of all scientific (peer reviewed) publications relating to the foreground of the project.
▪ Table A2: List of all dissemination activities (publications, conferences, workshops, web sites/applications, press releases, flyers, articles
published in the popular press, videos, media briefings, presentations, exhibitions, thesis, interviews, films, TV clips, posters).
TABLE A1: LIST OF SCIENTIFIC (PEER REVIEWED) PUBLICATIONS, STARTING WITH THE MOST IMPORTANT ONES
NO.
Title Main
author
Title of the periodical
or the series
Number, date or
frequency,Volume
Publisher Place of
publication
Year of publicatio
n
Relevant pages
Permanent identifiers2 (if available)
Is/Will open access3 provided to this
publication?
1 Counterion and solvent effects on the size of magnetite nanocrystals obtained by oxidative precipitation
Y. Luengo
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
Vol. 4, No. 40 RSC CAMBRIDG
E CB4 0WF,
CAMBS,
ENGLAND
2016 9482-9488
DOI: 10.1039/C6TC03567A
2 Tuning Morphology and Magnetism of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Calix[8]arene-Induced Oriented Aggregation
F. Vita CrystEngComm
18
RSC UK 2016
8591-8598
DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x
3 Studies of the Colloidal Properties of Superparamagnetic Iron
G. B. da Silva
J. Braz. Chem. Soc.
28
Sociedad Brasileira de
Brazil 2017
731-739
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20160221
2 A permanent identifier should be a persistent link to the published version full text if open access or abstract if article is pay per view) or to the final manuscript accepted for publication (link to
article in repository). 3 Open Access is defined as free of charge access for anyone via Internet. Please answer "yes" if the open access to the publication is already established and also if the embargo period for open
access is not yet over but you intend to establish open access afterwards.
40
Oxide Nanoparticles Functionalized with Platinum Complexes in Aqueous and PBS Buffer Media
Quimica
4 Superlattice growth and rearrangement during evaporation-induced nanoparticle self-assembly
E. Josten Scientific Reports
7
Nature Publishing Group
UK 2017
2802
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02121-4
yes
5 Characterization of fine particles using optomagnetic measurements
J. Fock Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
19
RSC UK 2017
8802-8814
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039 /C6CP08749C
6 Controlling the size and the shape of uniform magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
H. Gavilán
Clinical Applications of magnetic Nanoparticles
CRC Press/Tylor & Francis
USA/UK To be published
ISBN: 978-1-138-05155-3.
7 Analysis of ac susceptibility spectra for the characterization of magnetic nanoparticles
F. Ludwig
IEEE Trans. Magn.
PP,99
IEEE Magnetics Society
USA 2017
1
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2017.2693420
8 Structural and magnetic properties of multi-core nanoparticles analysed using a generalised numerical inversion method
P. Bender
Scientific Reports
7
Nature Publishing Group
UK 2017
45990
DOI: 10.1038/srep45990 yes
9 Commentary on the clinical and preclinical dosage limits of interstitially administered magnetic fluids for therapeutic hyperthermia based on current practice and efficacy models
P. Southern
International Journal of Hyperthermia
Informa Healthcare
UK
41
10 The anisotropy of the ac susceptibility of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles – the influence of intra-potential-well contribution on the ac susceptibility spectrum
F. Ludwig
IEEE Trans. Magn.
PP,99
IEEE Magnetics Society
USA 2017
1-1
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2017.2692038
11 On the interpretation of Mössbauer spectra of magnetic nanoparticles
J. Fock JMMM
445
Elsevier NL 2017
11-21
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.08.070
12 Formation mechanism of maghemite nanoflowers synthesized by polyol mediated process
H. Gavilán
ACS Omega
ACS USA 2017
Accepted
13 Sequence-specific validation of DNA amplicons in LAMP for real-time detection of Dengue virus DNA using magnetic nanoparticles
G.A.S. Minero
Analyst
142
RSC UK 2017
3441-3450
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7AN01023K.
14 Unraveling viscosity effects on the hysteresis losses of magnetic nanocubes
D. Cabrera
Nanoscale
9
RSC UK 2017
5094-5101
DOI: 10.1039/C7NR00810D
15 Nanopartículas en biomedicina (in Spanish)
E. Esteban
Biotech Magazine 24
Biotech Spain 2014
yes
16 Precise control over shape and size of iron oxide nanocrystals suitable for assembly into ordered particle arrays
E. Wetterskog
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
15
Taylor & Francis
UK 2014
55010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/15/5/055010
yes
17
Lab-on-Blu-ray: Low-cost analyte detection on a disk
M. Donolato
Proc. 18th Int. Conf. on Miniaturized Systems for
2014
2044-2046
42
Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2014), San Antonio, Texas, USA, pp. 2044-2046 (2014).
18 Practical Applications of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4): A Review
M. Leeman
LCGC Europe, Volume 28,
Issue 12
2015
642–651
19 Effective Particle Magnetic Moment of Multi-Core Particles
F. Ahrentorp
JMMM
380
Elsevier NL 2015
221-226
DOI:10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.09.070
20 Resolving particle size modality in bi-modal iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions
A. Lak JMMM
380
Elsevier NL 2015
140-143
DOI:10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.08.050
21 Synthesis Methods to Prepare Single- and Multi-core Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
L. Gutiérrez
Dalton Trans.
44
RSC UK 2015
2943-2952
DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03013c
22 Magnetic nanoparticle detection using domain wall-based nanosensor
H. Corte-Léon
J. Appl. Phys.
117
AIP USA 2015
17E313
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4914365
23 Improving magnetic properties of ultrasmall magnetic nanoparticles by biocompatible coatings
R. Costo J. Appl. Phys.
117
AIP USA 2015
64311
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4908132
24 Degradation of magnetic nanoparticles mimicking lysosomal conditions followed by ac
L. Gutiérrez
Biomedical Engineering/Biomedizinische 60(5)
D 2015
417-425
DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0043
43
susceptibility Technik
25 Scalable DNA-based magnetic nanoparticle agglutination assay for bacterial detection in patient samples
A. Mezger
ACS Nano
9
ACS USA 2017
7374-7382
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02379
26 Blu-ray based optomagnetic aptasensor for detection of small molecules
J. Yang Biosens. Bioelectron.
75
Elsevier
NL 2016
396-403
DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.062
27 Polymer/Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Composites—A Straight Forward and Scalable Synthesis Approach
J. Sommertune
International Journal of Molecular Science
16
MDPI CH 2015
19752-19768
DOI:10.3390/ijms160819752
28 Classification of Magnetic Nanoparticle Systems—Synthesis, Standardization and Analysis Methods in the NanoMag Project
S. Bogren
International Journal of Molecular Science
16
MDPI CH 2015
20308-20325
DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920308.
29 Magnetic scanning gate microscopy of a domain wall nanosensor using microparticle probe
H. Corte-Léon
JMMM
400
Elsevier NL 2016
225-229
DOI:10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.07.116
30 Quantification of NS1 dengue biomarker in serum via optomagnetic nanocluster detection
P. Antunes
Scientific Reports
5
Nature Publishing Group
UK 2015
16145
DOI: 10.1038/srep16145
yes
31 Thermal magnetic noise spectra of nanoparticle ensembles
J. Leliaert
Appl. Phys. Lett.
107
AIP USA 2015
222401
DOI:10.1063/1.4936890
32 Turn-on optomagnetic bacterial DNA sequence detection using volume-amplified magnetic nanobeads
R.S. Bejhed
Biosens. Bioelectron.
66
Elsevier NL 405-411
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.11.048
33 Optomagnetic read-out R.S. Biotechnolo 10 Wiley- USA 2015 469-472 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400615
44
enables easy, rapid, and cost-efficient qualitative biplex detection of DNA sequencies
Bejhed gy Journal Blackwell
34 Magnetophoretic transport line system for rapid on-chip attomole protein detection
R.S. Bejhed
Langmuir
31
ACS USA 2015
10296-10302
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01947
35 Magnetic nanobeads present during enzymatic amplification and labeling for a simplified DNA detection protocol based on AC susceptometry
R.S. Bejhed
AIP Advances
5
AIP USA 2015
127139
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063 /1.4939570
yes
36
Classification of analysis methods for characterization of magnetic nanoparticle properties
O. Posth Proc. XXI IMEKO World Congress “Measurement in Research and Industry”, Prague, Czech Republic
2015
1362-1367
37 Uncertainty budget for determinations of mean isomer shift from Mössbauer spectra
J. Fock Hyperfine Interactions
237
Springer D? 2016
23
DOI:10.1007/s10751-016-1253-1
38 Detection of a magnetic bead by hybrid nanodevices using scanning gate microscopy
H. Corte-Léon
AIP Advances
6
AIP USA 2016
56502
DOI: 10.1063/1.4943147
yes
39 Magnetic particle J. Wells IEEE Trans. IEEE DOI:
45
nanosensors implementing nucleation events in perpendicular anisotropy materials
Magn. Magnetics Society
10.1109/TMAG.2016.2524074,
40
SOL-GEL MAGNETIC MATERIALS
L. Gutiérrez
In The Sol-Gel Handbook. Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
WILEY-VCH,
2015
813-840
ISBN: 9783527334865
41 Interacting Superparamagnetic Iron(II) Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization in Ionic Liquids
B.C. Leal Inorg. Chem.
55
ACS USA 2016
865-870
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02320
42 Effect of Nanoclustering and Dipolar Interactions in Heat Generation for Magnetic Hyperthermia
D. Coral Langmuir
32
ACS USA 2016
1201-1213
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03559
43 Magnetic-field dependence of Brownian and Neel relaxation times
J. Dieckhoff
J. Appl. Phys.
119
AIP USA 2016
43903
DOI: 10.1063/1.4940724
44
Diffusion-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles
D. Heinke
International Journal of Magnetic Particle Imaging 2
ISP D 2016
1
DOI: 10.18416/ijmpi.2016.1603001
45 Imaging Characterization of MPI Tracers Employing Offset Measurements in a two Dimensional Magnetic Particle Spectrometer
D. Schmidt
International Journal of Magnetic Particle Imaging
2
ISP D 2016
1
DOI: 10.18416/ijmpi.2016.1604002
46 Magnetic readout of M.F. Chapter in Springer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007
46
rolling circle amplification products
Hansen “Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA): Toward New Clinical Diagnostics and Therapeutics”
International Publishing,
/978-3-319-42226-8
47 Lab-on-a-disc agglutination assay for protein detection by optomagnetic readout and optical imaging using nano- and micro-sized magnetic beads
R. Uddin Biosens. Bioelectron.
85
Elsevier NL 2016
351-357
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016 /j.bios.2016.05.023
48 In-situ particles reorientation during magnetic hyperthermia application: Shape matters twice
K. Simeonidis
Scientific Reports
6
Nature Publishing Group
UK 2016
38382
DOI: 10.1038/srep38382
yes
49 Finding the magnetic size distribution of magnetic nanoparticles from magnetization measurements via the iterative kaczmarz algorithm
D. Schmidt
JMMM
431
Elsevier NL 2017
33-37
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.09.108
50 Size analysis of single-core magnetic nanoparticles
F. Ludwig
JMMM
427
Elsevier NL 2017
19-24
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.113
51 Tuning the structure and habit of iron oxide mesocrystals
E. Wetterskog
Nanoscale
8
RSC UK 2016 15571-15580
DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03776c
52 Magnet-bead based microRNA delivery
P. Müller Stem Cells Internationa 2016
Hindawi Egypt 2016 7152761
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/
yes
47
system to modify CD133 + stem cells
l 7152761
53 Multi-scale magnetic nanoparticle based optomagnetic bioassay for sensitive DNA and bacteria detection
B. Tian Anal. Methods
2016
RSC UK 2016
5009-5016
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay00721j
54 Blue-ray optomagnetic measurement based competitive immunoassay for Salmonella detection
B. Tian Biosens. Bioelectron.
77
Elsevier NL 2016
32-39
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.070
55 Size and property bimodality in magnetic nanoparticle dispersions: single domain particles vs. strongly coupled nanoclusters
E. Wetterskog
Nanoscale
9
RSC UK 2017
4227-4235
DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00023e
56 Colloidal Flower-shaped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis Strategies and Coatings
H. Gavilán
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 34
Wiley USA 2017
1700094
DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201700094
57 How shape and internal structure affect the magnetic properties of anisometric magnetite nanoparticles
H. Gavilán
Acta Materialia
125
Elsevier NL 2017
416-424
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.016
58 Interpreting static and dynamic magnetization behavior of magnetic nanoparticles in terms of magnetic moment and energies
U. Steinhoff
JMMM
Elsevier NL 2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.021
59 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Different Biological Environments analyzed by Magnetic Particle
N. Löwa JMMM
427
Elsevier NL 2017
133-138
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.10.096
48
Spectroscopy
60 Comparison of optomagnetic and AC susceptibility readouts in a magnetic nanoparticle agglutination assay for detection of C-reactive protein
J. Fock Biosens. Bioelectron.
88
Elsevier NL 2017
94-100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.088
61 Exchange-biased AMR bridges for magnetic field sensing and biosensing
M.F. Hansen
IEEE Trans. Magn.
53
IEEE Magnetics Society
USA 2016
4000211
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2016.2614012
62 Optomagnetic detection of DNA triplex nanoswitches
G.A.S. Minero
Analyst
142
RSC UK 2017
582-585
DOI: 10.1039/c6an02419j
63 Dual-frequency magnetic particle imaging of the Brownian particle contribution
T. Viereck
JMMM
427
Elsevier NL 2016
156-161
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.003
64 Size analysis of single-core magnetic nanoparticles
F. Ludwig
JMMM
427
Elsevier NL 2016
19-24
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.113
65 Effect of alignment of easy axes on dynamic magnetization of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles
T. Yoshida
JMMM
427
Elsevier NL 2016
162-167
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.10.040
66 The Complementarity and Similarity of Magnetorelaxometry and Thermal Magnetic Noise Spectra for Magnetic Nanoparticle Characterization
J. Leliaert
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50
IOP UK 2017
85004
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa5944
67 Interpreting the magnetorelaxometry signal of suspended magnetic nanoparticles
J. Leliaert
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50
IOP UK 2017
195002
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa695d
49
with Kaczmarz’ algorithm
68 Combined anomalous Nernst effect and thermography studies of ultrathin CoFeB/Pt nanowires
J. Wells AIP Advances
7
AIP USA 2016
55904
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973196
yes
69 Switchable bi-stable multilayer magnetic probes for imaging of soft magnetic structures
T. Wren Ultramicroscopy
179
Elsevier NL 2017
41-46
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.03.032
70 V-shaped domain wall probes for calibrated magnetic force microscopy'
R. Puttock
IEEE Trans. Magn.
PP,99
IEEE Magnetics Society
USA 2017
1-1
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2017.2694324
71 Detection of individual iron-oxide nanoparticles with vertical and lateral sensitivity using domain wall nucleation in CoFeB/Pt nanodevices
J. Wells AIP Advances
7
AIP USA 2017
56715
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4975357
yes
72 Magnetic scanning gate microscopy of CoFeB lateral spin valve
H. Corte-Léon
AIP Advances
7
AIP USA 2017
56808
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4977891
yes
73 Size and property bimodality in magnetic nanoparticle dispersions: single domain particles vs. strongly coupled nanoclusters
E. Wetterskog
Nanoscale
9
RSC UK 2017
4227-4235
DOI: 10.1039/C7NR00023E
74 Hybrid normal metal/ferromagnetic nanojunctions for domain wall tracking
H. Corte-Léon
Scientific Reports
7
Nature Publishing Group
UK 2017
6295
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06292-y
yes
75 Calibration of multilayered magnetic force microscopy probes
V. Panchal
Scientific Reports
7
Nature Publishing Group
UK 2017
7224
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07327-0
yes
76 Angular Magnetoresistance of
H. Moham
IEEE Trans. Magn. PP,99
IEEE Magnetics
USA 2017 1-1
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2017.2718623
50
Nanowires with Alternating Cobalt and Nickel Segments
mad Society
77 Nanoscale thermoelectrical detection of magnetic domain wall propagation
P. Krzysteczko
Phys. Rev. B
95
APS USA 2017
220410(R)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.220410
78 On the ‘centre of gravity’ method for measuring the composition of magnetite/maghemite mixtures, or the stoichiometry of magnetite-maghemite solid solutions, via 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy
J. Fock J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50
IOP UK 2017
265005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa73fa
79 Shape anisotropy enhanced optomagnetic measurement for prostatespecific antigen detection via magnetic chain formation
B. Tian Biosens. Bioelectron.
98
Elsevier UK 2017
285-291
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.062
80 Distribution functions of magnetic nanoparticles determined by a numerical inversion method
P. Bender
New Journal of Physics
19
IOP UK 2017
73012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa73b4
yes
81 Standardisation of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Liquid Suspension
J. Wells J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50
IOP UK 2017
383003
DOI: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/aa7fa5
82 Size-dependent MR relaxivities of magnetic nanoparticles
A. Joos JMMM
427
Elsevier NL 2017
122-126
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.021
51
TABLE A2: LIST OF DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES
NO. Type of activities4 Main leader Title Date Place Type of
audience5
Size of audience
Countries addressed
1 Conference European Conference on
Nanotechnologies 26 February 2010
2 International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging
(Poster)
K. Lüdtke-Buzug (UZL)
Viscosity Affected Determination of Iron Concentration of MPI
Tracers Based on µCT
March 2014 Berlin, Germany Scientific 200 International
3 4th Zing Bionanomaterials
conference (Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Translational R&D in Healthcare
Biomagnetics April 2014 Nerja, Spain Scientific -- International
4 Intermag Conference
(Oral) ALL
Magnetic, structural and particle size analysis of single- and multi-core
magnetic nanoparticles in the NanoMag project
May 2014 Dresden, Germany Scientific -- International
5 Magnetic carrier Conference
(Poster) C. Jonasson
(Acreo)
Effective Particle Magnetic Moment of Multicore Particles
June 2014 Dresden, Germany Scientific -- International
6 Magnetic carrier Conference
(Poster) K. Lüdtke-
Buzug (UZL)
Micro-CT based Determination of
Ferrofluid Iron Concentration
June 2014 Dresden, Germany Scientific -- International
4 A drop down list allows choosing the dissemination activity: publications, conferences, workshops, web, press releases, flyers, articles published in the popular press, videos, media
briefings, presentations, exhibitions, thesis, interviews, films, TV clips, posters, Other. 5 A drop down list allows choosing the type of public: Scientific Community (higher education, Research), Industry, Civil Society, Policy makers, Medias ('multiple choices' is possible.
52
7 Magnetic carrier Conference
(Oral)
Christer Johansson
(Acreo) EU FP7: NanoMag June 2014 Dresden, Germany Scientific -- International
8 Magnetic carrier Conference
(Poster) F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Resolving particle size modality in bi-modal
iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions
June 2014 Dresden, Germany Scientific -- International
9
Scientific & Clinical Applicatuons of Magnetic
Carriers Conference (Poster)
Q. A. Pankhurst (UCL), C.
Johansson (Acreo)
Estimating the power absorption of tailored
iron oxide nanoparticles from AC susceptibility
measurements
June 2014 Dresden, Germany Scientific -- International
10 UK Colloids Conference
(Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Translational R&D in Healthcare
Biomagnetics July 2014 London, UK Scientific -- International
11 Optimization and Inverse
Problems Workshop (Oral)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Experimental Sensitivity Analysis of
Magnetorelaxometric Imaging
Sept 2014 Delft, Netherland Scientific -- International
12 FOM BioPhysics meeting
(Poster)
Leo J. van Ijzendoorn
(TUE)
On torque generation in superparamagnetic
particles (v1) Sept 2014 Veldhoven, Netherland Scientific -- National
13
1st meeting of the CNB nanobiomedicine iniciative
Workshop (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Nanometrology, Standardization Methods for the
synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles with
applications in biomedicine
October 2014 Madrid, Spain dissemination
towards industry -- International
14 48th DGBMT annual
conference (Poster)
K. Lüdtke-Buzug (UZL)
Characterization of Superparamagnetic
Nanoparticles using a Micro-CT Phantom: Estimation of Iron
October 2014 Hannover, Germany Scientific -- International
53
Concentration in Ferrofluids
15 MoBi2014 Workshop¿?
(Oral)
Nicole Gehrke
(nanoPET) EU FP7: NanoMag October 2014 Jena, Germany
dissemination towards industry
-- International
16 Nanomedicine workshop
(Poster) Larss Nilsson
(SOLVE)
Helping nano-entities discover their nano-
identity October, 2014
Malmö University, Sweden
Scientific/not funded by NanoMag
-- International
17
18th Int. Conf. on Miniaturized Systems for
Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2014)
(Poster)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Lab-on-Blu-ray: Low-cost analyte
detection on a disk
Oct. 26 - Oct. 30, 2014
San Antonio, Texas, USA
Scientific -- International
18 Biosensor conference
(Poster) M. F. Hansen
(DTU)
Comparison of optomagnetic and AC
susceptibility readouts in a
magnetic nanoparticle
agglutination assay for detection of C-
reactive protein
May 25-27, 2016
Gothenburg Scientific -- International
19
Brokerage Event for Nanotechnologies,
Advanced Materials, Biotechnology and
Advanced Manufacturing and Processing
(Oral)
Lars Nilsson (SOLVE)
Nanomedicin therapy for cancer
November 2014 Brussels, Belgium
dissemination towards
industry/not funded by NanoMag
-- International
20
Brokerage Event for Nanotechnologies,
Advanced Materials, Biotechnology and
Lars Nilsson (SOLVE)
Next generation tools for risk governance of
nanomaterial November 2014 Brussels, Belgium
dissemination towards
industry/not funded by
-- International
54
Advanced Manufacturing and Processing
(Oral)
NanoMag
21 FOM BioPhysics meeting
(Poster)
Leo J. van Ijzendoorn
(TUE)
On torque generation in superparamagnetic
particles (v2) Jan 2015 Veldhoven, Netherland Scientific -- National
22 ICMS Outreach symposium
(Poster)
Leo J. van Ijzendoorn
(TUE)
On torque generation in superparamagnetic
particles (v2) Jan 2015 Eindhoven,Netherland Scientific -- International
23 Multifun Final Workshop
(Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Improving Magnetic Properties of Ultrasmall
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by
Biocompatible Coatings
Feb 2015 Madrid, Spain Scientific -- International
24 Multifun Final Workshop
(Poster)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Synthesis Strategies of Single-Core Magnetic
Nanoparticles Feb 2015 Madrid, Spain Scientific -- International
25 EMIM meeting
(Oral, Poster and Flyers)
Nicole Gehrke
(nanoPET)
EU FP 7: NanoMag – Standardization of
Analysis Methods for Magnetic Nanoparticles
March 2015 Tübingen, Germany Scientific 595 International
26 IWMPI Workshop
(Poster)
Nicole Gehrke
(nanoPET)
EU FP 7: NanoMag – Standardization of
Analysis Methods for Magnetic Nanoparticles
March 2015 Istambul, Turkey Scientific/Industry -- International
27 IWMPI Workshop
(Poster)
K. Lüdtke-Buzug (UZL)
Evaluation of a Cotton-Mouton Relaxometer for the Characterization of
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
March 2015 Istambul, Turkey Scientific/Industry -- International
28 BME research day meeting
(Poster)
Leo J. van Ijzendoorn
(TUE)
Magnetic analysis of superparamagnetic
particles April 2015 Eindhoven,Netherland Scientific -- International
29 6th International Congress – Quentin Biomedical applications April 2015 Graz, Austria Scientific -- International
55
BioNanoMed (Invited)
Pankhurst (UCL)
of magnetic nanoparticles
30 5th Zing Bionanomaterials
Conference (Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Translational R&D in Healthcare
Biomagnetics April 2015 Carvoeiro, Portugal Scientific -- International
31
ICMM-CNIC Workshop on Chemistry and molecular
imaging (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Nanometrology Standarization Methods
for Magnetic Nanoparticles
May 2015 Madrid, Spain Scientific -- International
32
FRONTIERS IN BIOMAGNETIC PARTICLES
Conference (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Effect of the transformations of nanoparticles in
biological matrices on their magnetic
properties
June 2015 Asheville, USA Scientific -- International
33
FRONTIERS IN BIOMAGNETIC PARTICLES
Conference (Poster)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Effect of the transformations of nanoparticles in
biological matrices on their magnetic
properties
June 2015 Asheville, USA Scientific -- International
34 EuroNanoForum Conference
(Exhibition Stand) A. Fornara
(SP)
NanoMag presentation - top 10 EU projects in
the Future Flash! Best Project competition
June 2015 Riga, Latvia Scientific/Industry -- International
35 EuroNanoForum Conference
(Poster) Larss Nilsson
(SOLVE)
Helping nano-entities discover their nano-
identity June 2015 Riga, Latvia Scientific/Industry -- International
36 EuroNanoForum Conference
(Poster) Larss Nilsson
(SOLVE)
SOLVE the challenges of nanomaterial properties and performance
June 2015 Riga, Latvia Scientific/Industry -- International
37 FerroFluid Workshop 2015
(Poster) Uwe
Steinhoff Aspects of a standardized
June 2015 Rostock, Germany Scientific -- International
56
(PTB) characterization and description of nanomagnetic
suspensions for biomedical applications
38 FerroFluid Workshop 2015
(Oral)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Imaging characterization of
magnetic nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging using offset
field supported Magnetic Particle
Spectroscopy
June 2015 Rostock, Germany Scientific -- International
39 10th Materials Days
symposium (Invited)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Synthesis methods to prepare single- and multi-core iron oxide
nanoparticles for biomedical applications
June 2015 Rostock, Germany Scientific -- International
40 10th Materials Days
symposium (Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Nanomagnetism in Biology and Medicine
June 2015 Rostock, Germany Scientific -- International
41 10th Materials Days
symposium (Oral*)
Christer Johansson
(Acreo)
NanoMag project - standardization of
analysis methods for magnetic nanoparticles.
June 2015 Rostock, Germany Scientific -- International
42 ICM Conference
(Invited)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Efficient and safe magnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles for biomedicine
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
43 ICM Conference
(Oral) O. Kazakova
(NPL)
Scanning gate microscopy of a domain
wall nanosensor July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
44 ICM Conference
(Oral) Christer
Johansson Static and dynamic
magnetization behavior July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
57
(Acreo) of magnetic multi-core nanoparticles
45 ICM Conference
(Oral)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Field and frequency dependence of the SAR/ILP value in
magnetic hyperthermia using magnetic multi-
and single core particles
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
46 ICM Conference
(Oral) P. Svedlindh
(UU)
On-chip attomol level detection of proteins
using forced magnetic bead transport
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
47 ICM Conference
(Oral) M. F. Hansen
(DTU)
Optomagnetic read-out system for detection of pathogens based on magnetic nanobead
dynamic
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
48 ICM Conference
(Oral)
Christer Johansson
(Acreo)
Static and dynamic magnetization behavior of magnetic multi-core
nanoparticles
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
49 ICM Conference
(Poster) P. Svedlindh
(UU)
Highly anisotropic dynamical magnetic properties of needle-shaped arrays of iron
oxide nanocubes
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
50 ICM Conference
(Poster)
L.Fernández-Barquín
(UC)
SANS, Mössbauer and magnetic
characterization of interacting iron oxide
nanoparticles
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
51 ICM Conference
(Poster) Quentin
Pankhurst Field and frequency dependency on the
July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
58
(UCL) SAR value in magnetic hyperthermia using magnetic multi- and single-core particles
52 ICM Conference
(Poster)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Synthesis Strategies of Single-Core Magnetic
Nanoparticles July 2015 Barcelona, Spain Scientific -- International
53 ICMAT2015 Conference
(Invited)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Effect of the Counter-Ions and the Solvent in
the Synthesis of Magnetite Nanocrystals
by Oxidative Precipitation
July 2015 Singapore Scientific -- International
54 XXI IMEKO World Congress
(Oral)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Classification of analysis methods for characterization of
magnetic nanoparticle properties
August 2015 Prague, Check
republic Scientific -- International
55
The International Conference on the Applications of the
Mössbauer Effect – ICAME (Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Biomedical applications of magnetic
nanoparticles Sept 2015 Hamburg, Germany Scientific -- International
56
The International Conference on the Applications of the
Mössbauer Effect – ICAME (Poster)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Biomedical applications of magnetic
nanoparticles Sept 2015 Hamburg, Germany Scientific -- International
57 Wyatt Europe
workshop/User meeting (Invited)
Larss Nilsson (SOLVE)
nanoparticles, macromolecules and
proteins Sept 2015 Dernbach, Germany Industry -- National
58 UK Regenerative Medicine
Platform - Safety Hub Workshop - Nanoparticles
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Biomedical applications of magnetic
nanoparticles Sept 2015 Liverpool, UK Scientific -- International
59
for Cell Tracking (Invited)
59 29. Treffpunkt
Medizintechnik Conference (Oral)
Nicole Gehrke
(nanoPET)
EU FP 7: NanoMag – Standardization of
Analysis Methods for Magnetic Nanoparticles
Sept 2015 Berlin, Germany Scientific/Industry -- National
60 49th DGBMT annual
Conference (Poster)
K. Lüdtke-Buzug (UZL)
Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron
Oxide Nanoparticles under Ultrasound
Control
Sept 2015 Luebeck, Germany Scientific/Industry -- International
61 FOM BioPhysics meeting
(Poster)
Leo J. van Ijzendoorn
(TUE)
On torque generation in superparamagnetic
particles (v3) Sept 2015 Veldhoven, Netherland Scientific -- National
62 NanoCity meeting 2015
(poster)
Leo J. van Ijzendoorn
(TUE)
On torque generation in superparamagnetic
particles (v3) Sept 2015
Amersfoort, Netherland
Scientific/industry -- International
63 EMN Workshop 2015
(Invited)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Novel Graphene-based Nanosensors
Sept 2015 San Sebastián, Spain Scientific -- International
64 ANMM Workshop
(Invited)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Domain-wall based magnetic nanosensors
Sept 2015 Iasi, Romania Scientific -- International
65
ISO Technical Committee 229 "Nanotechnologies",
Working Group 4 "Material Specifications"
(Oral)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Nanometrology – Standardization
Methods for Magnetic
Nanoparticles
Sept 2015 Edmonton Scientific -- International
66
BIOTECHNICA (industrial fair) oral
Joachim Teller, Fritz Westphal
Representing NanoMag project
October 2015 Hannover Scientific -- International
67 Nanocon (Invited)
M. Puerto Morales
Prospects for magnetic
Oct 2015 Brno Scientific -- International
60
(CSIC) nanoparticles in in vivo biomedical
applications: synthesis,
biodistribution and degradation
68
RadioMag COST project meeting
(Oral)
Christer Johansson
(Acreo)
EU FP7 NanoMag project -
standardization of analysis methods for
magnetic nanoparticles.
Oct 2015 Limassol Scientific -- International
69
49th DGBMT annual conference
(Oral)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Characterizing the imaging performance of magnetic tracers by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy in an
offset field
Sept. 2015
Luebeck Scientific -- International
70 Contrast Media Research
(Oral)
F. Wiekhorst
(PTB)
Magnetic Nanoparticles in
Biomedicine - how magnetic
measurements support their application
November, 2015
Berlin Scientific -- International
71 IWMPI (Poster)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Imaging Characterization of
MPI Tracers Employing Offset
Measurements in a two Dimensional Magnetic Particle
March 2016 Lübeck Scientific -- International
61
Spectrometer
72 IWMPI (Poster)
F. Wiekhorst
(PTB)
Determining magnetic impurities
and nonspecific magnetic
nanoparticle adhesion of MPI
phantom materials
March 2016 Lübeck Scientific -- International
73 IWMPI (Poster)
Nicole Gehrke
(nanoPET)
Diffusion-Controlled Synthesis of
Magnetic Nanoparticles
March 2016 Lübeck Scientific -- International
74
16 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMALL-
ANGLE SCATTERING (Poster)
A.F. Thünemann
(BAM)
Metrology of magnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles
September 2015
Berlin Scientific -- International
75
Internat. Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging
(IWMPI 2016) (Poster)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Dependence of Brownian and Neel relaxation times on
magnetic field
March 2016
Lübeck Scientific -- International
76
15th German Ferrofluid Workshop
(Poster)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Magnetic-field dependence of
Brownian and Neel relaxation times on
ac magnetic field
June 2016 Rostock Scientific -- International
77
15th German Ferrofluid Workshop
(Poster)
L. Fernández-
Barquín (UC)
Mossbauer, SANS and magnetic
characterization of interacting iron oxide
nanoparticles
June 2016 Rostock Scientific -- International
78 Next-Generation
Nanomagnetic Medicine M. Puerto Morales
Preparation of magnetic
Nov 2015 Japan Scientific -- International
62
Meeting,JAIST (Oral) (CSIC) nanocrystals for biomedical applications
79
Next-Generation Nanomagnetic Medicine
Meeting,JAIST (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
The fate of magnetic nanoarticles in
biological systems: biodistribution and
transformations over time
Nov 2015 Japan Scientific -- International
80
Workshop: Magnetic Nanoparticles for
biomedical applications, ICMM (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
The Nanomag Project Dec 2015 Madrid Scientific -- International
81
Workshop: Magnetic Nanoparticles for
biomedical applications, ICMM (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Synthesis of irregular shaped iron oxide
magnetic nanoparticles and
study of their magnetic properties.
Dec 2015 Madrid Scientific -- International
82
Proc. 19th Int. Conf. on Miniaturized Systems for
Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2015)
(Poster)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Integration of agglutination assay
for protein detection in microfluidic disc
using Blu-ray optical pickup unit and
optical fluid scanning
October, 2015 Geongju, Korea, Scientific -- International
83 Joint MMM-Intermag
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Detection of a magnetic bead by
hybrid nanodevices using scanning gate
microscopy
Jan 2016 San Diego, US Scientific -- International
63
84 Joint MMM-Intermag
(Poster)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Magnetic particle nanosensing by
nucleation of domain walls in ultra-thin
CoFeB/Pt
Jan 2016 San Diego, US Scientific -- International
85 IWMPI (Poster)
Nicole Gehrke
(nanoPET)
Diffusion-Controlled Synthesis of
Magnetic Nanoparticles
March 2016 Lübeck Scientific -- International
86
International Conference on Fine Particle
Magnetism (ICFPM) NIST, (Oral)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Characterization of fine particles using
optomagnetic measurements
June 13-17, 2016
Maryland, USA
Scientific -- International
87 ICMS Outreach
symposium, TUe (Poster)
Leo J. van Ijzendoorn
(TUE)
On torque generation in
superparamagnetic particles (v3)
Jan 2016 Eindhoven Scientific -- International
88
International Workshop on Magnetic Particle
Imaging (IWMPI) (Poster)
K. Lüdtke-Buzug (UZL)
MPS study on new MPI tracer material
March 2016
Lübeck Scientific -- International
89
2016 EU-Japan Collaborative Research
on Nanomagnetic Medicine workshop, UCL
(Oral) E91:E105
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Effect of magnetic nanoparticle
clustering and dipolar interactions in
heating efficiency
9-10 May 2016 London, UK Scientific -- International
90
Reunion bienal del grupo especializado de qumica
inorgánica del estado sólido de la RSEQ
(Invited)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Perspectives in the use of magnetic nanoparticles in
cancer diagnosis and treatment
20-22 June 2016
Torremolinos, Malaga
Scientific -- International
64
91
2nd International Conference on Polyol Mediated Synthesis, University of Shiga
Prefecture (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Polyol mediated synthesis to obtain
Single-Core and Flower-like shaped
Multi-Core magnetite nanoparticles
July 11-13, 2016
Hikone, Japan, Scientific -- International
92
International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions
and their Applications (HYPERFINE 2016) (Invited Plenary)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Biomedical applications of
magnetic nanoparticles
July 2016 Leuven, Belgium Scientific -- International
93
8th Joint European Magnetic Symposia -
JEMS2016 (Poster)
L. Fernández-
Barquín (UC)
Influence of Coating thickness on the
magnetic properties of Iron-Oxide nanoparticles
21-26 August 2016
Glasgow, UK. Scientific -- International
94
11th International Conference on the
Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic
Carriers 2016 (Poster)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Interpreting static and dynamic
magnetization behavior of magnetic
nanoparticles in terms of magnetic
moment and energies
May, 2016 Vancouver Scientific -- International
95
11th International Conference on the
Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic
Carriers 2016 (Poster)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Standardization of the analysis of single-
core magnetic nanoparticles
May, 2016 Vancouver Scientific -- International
96 11th International C. Grüttner Particle size- and May 31-June 4, Vancouver Scientific -- International
65
Conference on the Scientific and Clinical
Applications of Magnetic Carriers (Poster)
(MM) concentration-dependent
separation of magnetic
nanoparticles
2016
97
11th International Conference on the
Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic
Carriers 2016 (Poster)
L. Fernández-
Barquín (UC)
Numerical inversion methods to analyze magnetization data
May, 2016 Vancouver Scientific -- International
98
International Symposium on Field-and-Flow-Based
Separations (FFF2016) (Oral)
F. Wiekhorst
(PTB)
A Novel Magnetic FFF Detector for the
Quantification and Characterization of
Magnetic Nanoparticles
2016 Dresden Scientific -- International
99
International Conference on Fine Particle
Magnetism 2016 (Oral)
L. Fernández-
Barquín (UC)
Spin coupling in an iron oxide
nanoparticle ensemble analyzed
with polarized neutron scattering
2016 Gaithersburg Scientific -- International
100 EMSA 2016
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Domain Wall Nanosensors Based on Ultra-thin CoFeB
Films
2016 Torino Scientific -- International
101 EMSA 2016
(Invited)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Domain-wall based magnetic
nanosensors for magnetic bead
2016 Torino Scientific -- International
66
detection
102
European Magnetic Sensors and Actuators
(EMSA) conference, http://www.emsa2016.it/
(Oral)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Planar Hall effect bridges for magnetic
field sensing and biosensing
July 12-15, 2016
Torino Scientific -- International
103
22nd International Conference on DNA
Computing and Molecular Programming
(DNA22) (Poster)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Optomagnetic studies of pH-
switchable nanoparticles
agglutination via triplex DNA formation
4-8 September 2016
Munich, Germany Scientific -- International
104
The 20th International Conference on
Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life
Sciences (Poster)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Optomagnetic studies of pH-
switchable nanoparticles
agglutination via triplex DNA
9-13 October 2016
Dublin, Ireland Scientific -- International
105 INTERMAG
(Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Magnetite Nanoparticles
Assembled in Flower-like Structures with Tunable Magnetic Properties from
Superparamagnetic to Ferrimagnetic
24-28 April 2017
Dublin Scientific -- International
106 INTERMAG
(Invited)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Standardization methods for the
synthesis of single-core and multi-core
24-28 April 2017
Dublin Scientific -- International
67
magnetic nanoparticles for
medical applications
107
Workshop on magnetic nanoparticles for
hyperthermia - experiments and
simulations (Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Standardizing the synthesis of magnetic
nanoparticles
18-20 January 2017
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Scientific -- International
108
Magnetic carrier Conference 2016
(Poster)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Size analysis of single-core magnetic
nanoparticles June 2016 Vancouver Scientific -- International
109
Magnetic carrier Conference 2016
(Oral)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Dual-frequency magnetic particle
imaging of the Brownian particle
contribution
June 2016 Vancouver Scientific -- International
110
Magnetic carrier Conference 2016
(Poster)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Effect of alignment of easy axes on dynamic
magnetization of immobilized
magnetic nanoparticles
June 2016 Vancouver Scientific -- International
111
Magnetic carrier Conference 2016
(Poster)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
Harnessing viscosity effects to taylor the dynamic magnetic
response of magnetic nanoparticles
June 2016 Vancouver Scientific -- International
112 Intermag 2017
(Oral)
F. Ludwig (TUBS) Christer
Analysis of ac susceptibility spectra
for the April 2017 Dublin Scientific -- International
68
Johansson (Acreo)
characterization of magnetic
nanoparticles
113 Intermag 2017
(Poster)
F. Ludwig (TUBS) Christer
Johansson (Acreo)
The anisotropy of the ac susceptibility of
immobilized magnetic
nanoparticles – the influence of intra-
potential-well contribution on the
ac susceptibility spectrum
April 2017 Dublin Scientific -- International
114
VIII Meeting of the Spanish Users Society
(SETN2016) (Oral)
L. Fernández-
Barquín (UC)
Spin coupling in magnetic
nanoparticle ensembles analyzed with polarized SANS
26th-29th June 2016
Bilbao, Spain Scientific -- International
115
14th International Conference on Magnetic
Fluids (Poster)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Finding the magnetic size distribution of
magnetic nanoparticles from
magnetization measurements via
the iterative kaczmarz algorithm
July, 2016 Ekaterinburg Scientific -- International
116 BMT 2016
(Poster)
F. Wiekhorst
(PTB)
Magnetic Characterization of Phantom Materials
by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy
2016 Basel Scientific -- International
69
117 MMM 2016
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Magnetic scanning gate microscopy of CoFeB lateral spin
valve
2016 San Diego Scientific -- International
118 MMM 2016
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Local studies of domain wall
dynamics using anomalous Nernst
effect
2016 San Diego Scientific -- International
119 MMM 2016
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Ultrasensitive detection of single
iron oxide nanoparticles by
nucleation of domain walls in CoFeB nanostructures
2016 San Diego Scientific -- International
120
UK Institute of Physics, Medical Physics Group
Workshop on Dissemination and
Impact (Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Translational R&D in Nanoparticulate Medical Devices
21 Oct 2016 London, UK Scientific -- International
121 SF Nano Annual Meeting
(Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Magnetic Nanoparticles for
Sentinel Node Detection
12-14 Dec 2016
Paris, France Scientific -- International
122
SEPnet Student-led Conferences: Functional
scanning probe techniques
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
V-shaped domain wall probes for
calibrated magnetic force microscopy
March, 2017 Southampton Scientific -- International
70
123
SEPnet Student-led Conferences: Functional
scanning probe techniques
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Magntic Force microscopy imaging using a domain wall
March, 2017 Southampton Scientific -- International
124 Intermag 2017
(Invited)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Current Induced Domain Wall Motion
in Cylindrical Nanowires
24th-28th April 2017
Dublin Scientific -- International
125 Intermag 2017
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Magnetic Force microscopy imaging using a domain wall
24th-28th April 2017
Dublin Scientific -- International
126 Intermag 2017
(Oral)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Controllable multi-stable probes with low/high magnetic
moment
24th-28th April 2017
Dublin Scientific -- International
127 Intermag 2017
(Poster)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Demonstration and metrology of a
magnetic nanoparticle sensor
using anomalous Nernst effect read-
out
24th-28th April 2017
Dublin Scientific -- International
128 TOPO 2017
(Poster)
Olga Kazakova
(NPL)
Calibrated Magnetic Force Microscopy with Domain Wall
Probes
April, 2017 San Francisco Scientific -- International
129
International Workshop on Magnetic Particle
Imaging (IWMPI) (Poster)
K. Lüdtke-Buzug (UZL)
Investigation on new MPI tracer material
March 2017 Praque Scientific -- International
71
130
International Baltic Conference on
Magnetism (Invited)
Quentin Pankhurst
(UCL)
Biomedical Applications of
Magnetic Nanoparticles
21-23 August 2017
Svetlogorsk, Russia Scientific -- International
131 Euroanalysis 2017
(Oral) M. F. Hansen
(DTU)
Optomagnetic Sequence-Specific
Detection of Dengue Target DNA
Aug. 28 – Sep 1., 2017
Stockholm, Sweden Scientific -- International
132
Euroanalysis 2017, Aug. 28 – Sep 1., 2017,
(Oral)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
An integrated lab-on-a-disc approach to
detect inflammatory biomarkers from
whole blood
Aug. 28 – Sep 1., 2017
Stockholm, Sweden Scientific -- International
133
7th Symposium on Nucleic Acid Chemistry
and Biology (Poster)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Dual kinetic and mechanistic profiling
of rolling circle amplification using
real-time optomagnetic studies
Sep. 3-6, 2017 Cambridge, UK Scientific -- International
134
43rd International Conference on Micro and
NanoEngineering (MNE2017)
(Oral)
M. F. Hansen (DTU)
Automated rolling circle amplification and optomagnetic
product detection in an injection molded all-polymer chip –
optimization of amplification temperature
Sep. 18-22, 2017
Braga, Portugal Scientific -- International
135
German Ferrofluid Workshop in Dresden
(Oral)
F. Ludwig (TUBS)
The anisotropy of the ac susceptibility of
magnetic July 2017 Dresden Scientific -- International
72
nanoparticle suspensions
136 MMM 2017
(Oral)
F. Wiekhorst
(PTB)
Towards Quantitative Magnetic Particle
Imaging: A Comparison with Magnetic Particle
Spectroscopy
6-10 Nov, 2017 Pittsburgh, USA Scientific -- International
137 COST-RADIOMAG2017
(Oral)
Uwe Steinhoff
(PTB)
Steel balls as heating phantoms in
magnetic hyperthermia
27-28 April 2017
Bilbao Scientific -- International
138 IBCM 2017
(Invited)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Standardization methods for the
synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles for
medical applications
20-24 August, 2017
Kaliningrad Scientific -- International
139 ICMAT17 de Singapur
(Oral)
M. Puerto Morales (CSIC)
Preparation of bimetallic magnetic
nanocrystals by oxidative
precipitation
18-23 June, 2017
Singapore Scientific -- International
S1 seminar Gladis
Amalia Ruiz Estrada
Toxicity and biodistribution of
PEG coated magnetic nanoparticles after injection in Wistar
rats
11/04/2014 Facultad de
Ciencias, University of Santander
Scientific 30 people National
S2 Seminar M.P.
Morales Nanotechnology for the detection and
23/03/2015 Universidad Carlos
III de Madrid Scientific 50 people National
73
treatment of cancer
S3 seminar Diego Alba
Venero
Study of the super spin glass-
superferromagnetism transtion with
neutrons
27/02/2015 Facultad de
Ciencias, University of Cantabria
Scientific 15 people National
S4 seminar Philipp Bender
Magnetic particle nanorheology: Novel approaches based on
magnetization, optical transmission
and SANS measurements.
13/03/2015 Facultad de
Ciencias, University of Cantabria
Scientific 15 people National
S5 Seminar at Vinca institute Maria del
Puerto Morales
Magnetic nanoparticles for the
detection and treatment of cancer
25/09/2015 Belgrade, Serbia Scientific 20 people National
S6 Seminar Lucia
Gutierrez
Nanopartículas magnéticas para
aplicaciones biomédicas
15/05/2015
Colegio Escuela Profesional María
Auxiliadora, Zaragoza.
Scientific 50 National
S7 IBME, University of
Oxford Quentin
Pankhurst
Translational R&D in Healthcare
Biomagnetics 20/01/2015 Oxford, UK Scientific 60 National
S8 PTB L. Trahms,
U. Steinhoff NanoMag online PTB news Scientific --- National
S9
e-Learning, Module 2: Biomedical Applications
of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Oliver Posth, Uwe Steinhoff, Michael Lingard,
NanoMag online NPL e-learning
courses Scientific --- National
74
Olga Kazakova
S10 Seminar at Inst. Laue-
Langevin Philipp Bender
Polarized SANS as advanced
characterization technique within the
NanoMag project
07/04/2016 Grenoble, France Scientific --- National
S11 Seminar Lucia
Gutierrez
Nanotoxicity: Is our body able to deal
with magnetic particles?
21/10/2015 Young Scientist
MeetingsICMM/CSIC Scientific 30 National
S12 Seminar Lucia
Gutierrez
Detection of magnetic
nanoparticles for biomedical
applications in biological matrices
11/02/2015 Facultad de
Ciencias, University of Zaragoza
Scientific 15 people National
S13 The Embassy of Japan in
the UK Quentin
Pankhurst
Biomedical applications of
magnetic nanoparticles’,
presented at ‘Japan-UK Joint Workshop on Life Science and
Biomedical Engineering’,
03/12/2015 London, UK Scientific --- National
S14 University of York Quentin
Pankhurst
Translational R&D in Nanoparticulate
Medical Devices’, presented at
'Nanostructures for
04/12/2015 York, UK Scientific --- National
75
Medical Applications - Opportunities,
Challenges and New Approaches’,
S15 University of Florida Quentin
Pankhurst
‘Healthcare Biomagnetics’,
presented to the Institute for Cell Engineering & Regenerative
Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
FL, USA, 16th February 2016.
16/02/2016 Florida, USA Scientific --- National
S16 UCL Quentin
Pankhurst
An Academic’s Perspective on
Translational R&D’, presented to the
OSNIRO Workshop on Venture Capital
Funding,
01/03/2016 London, UK Scientific --- National
S17 Summer School UAM,
Magnetic nanoparticles, M.P.
Morales Magnetic colloids 42539 Madrid Scientific 25 National
S18
Summer school, Zaragoza University, Nanoscience:
New challenges and opportunities for
biotechnology
Sabino Veintemillas
Synthesis routes for the preparation of uniform magnetic
nanoparticles
19-21/07/16 Jaca, Huesca, Spain Scientific 50 National
S19 CSIC Olga
Kazakova
Domain-wall based magnetic
nanosensors for 19/10/2016 Madrid, Spain Scientific 30 National
76
metrology and bio applications
S20
The IEEE Magnetic society 2017 Summer
School
Puerto Morales
Magnetics for bio applications
June 19 - 23 2017
Universidad International
Menendez Pelayo (UIMP), Santander,
Spain.
Scientific 100 National
S21
Summer school “Materials for Biomedical
Applications”- MATBIO2017
Puerto Morales
Magnetic nanoparticles for
therapeutic Applications
19-22 June 2017
Materials Science Institute of
Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
Scientific 100 National
S22 KAUST Olga
Kazakova
Domain-wall based magnetic
nanosensors for metrology and bio
applications
November, 2016
Jeiddah, Saudi Arabia
Scientific 200 National
S23 PTB, Germany Hector
Corte-Leon
Magnetic domain wall-based
nanosensors 2017
Braunschweig, Germany
Scientific 50 National
S24 Leeds Univ Hector
Corte-Leon
Magnetic domain wall-based
nanosensors 2017 Leeds, UK Scientific 30 National
S25 seminar Olga
Kazakova
Domain-wall based magnetic
nanosensors for metrology and Life
Science applications
30-may-17 Institut Neel (CNRS)
Grenoble, France Scientific 50 National
S26 Departmental seminar Quentin
Pankhurst
Biomedical Applications of
Magnetic Nanoparticles
22-mar-17 University of Leeds Scientific 45 National
77
S27 Seminar Uwe
Steinhoff
Standardization of properties and
characterization of magnetic
nanoparticles: status and perspectives
9 December 2016
AGH, Academic Center of Materials
and Nanotechnology, Kraków, Poland
Scientific 30 National
S28
IEC SC62D/JWG22 and ISO TC121/SC3/JWG14
meeting
Uwe Steinhoff
Metrology and standardization of
magnetic nanoparticles
9 February 2017
PTB, Berlin Scientific 25 National
S29 MagNaStand Industrial Stakeholder Workshop
Uwe Steinhoff
MagNaStand – Towards an ISO
standard for magnetic
nanoparticles
4 July 2017 PTB, Berlin Scientific 25 National
S30 MagNaStand Industrial Stakeholder Workshop
Uwe Steinhoff
Current ISO/TC229 WG4 activities
related to standardisation of
magnetic nanoparticles and
beads
4 July 2017 PTB, Berlin Scientific 25 National
S31 MagNaStand Industrial Stakeholder Workshop
James Wells
Standardisation of magnetic
nanoparticles – state of the art and future
needs
4 July 2017 PTB, Berlin Scientific 25 National
S32 MagNaStand Industrial Stakeholder Workshop
Quentin Pankhurst
Biomedical applications of
magnetic nanoparticles
4 July 2017 PTB, Berlin Scientific 25 National
78
S33 MagNaStand Industrial Stakeholder Workshop
Craig Barton
Stakeholder needs in magnetic
nanoparticle related industry and research
– lessons learned from the NanoMag
project
4 July 2017 PTB, Berlin Scientific 25 National
79
Section B (Confidential6 or public: confidential information to be marked clearly)
Part B1
This section is not applicable in the NanoMag project.
TEMPLATE B1: LIST OF APPLICATIONS FOR PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, REGISTERED DESIGNS, ETC.
Type of IP Rights7:
Confidential
Click on YES/NO
Foreseen embargo
date
dd/mm/yyyy Application
reference(s) (e.g.
EP123456)
Subject or title of application Applicant (s) (as on the application)
6 Note to be confused with the "EU CONFIDENTIAL" classification for some security research projects.
7 A drop down list allows choosing the type of IP rights: Patents, Trademarks, Registered designs, Utility models, Others.
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Part B2
Type of
Exploitable
Foreground
Description
of exploitable
foreground
Confi
dentia
l
Click
on
YES/
NO
Foreseen
embargo
date dd/mm/yy
yy
Exploitable
product(s) or
measure(s)
Sector(s) of
application
Timetable,
commercial or
any other use
Patents or other
IPR
exploitation
(licences) Owner & Other
Beneficiary(s) involved
1. Commercial exploitation of R&D results
magnetic nanoflower-shaped iron-oxide nanoparticles with citrate coating
YES 16.11.2016
IMAGING AND
HEAT-ASSISTED
THERAPY,
BIOSENSOR
M72.1.1,
C20.5.9
IMMEDIATELY NONE MICROMOD, CSIC
2. Commercial exploitation of R&D results
HIGH FREQUENCY
AC
SUSCEPTOMETER
YES M72.1.1,
M72.1.9,
C20.5.9
2018 FILED IN 2010
(E.G.
SE1050526
A1)
RISE ACREO
1. Summary: “Magnetic Nanoflower-Shaped Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles with Citrate coating”
micromod (MM) has established a standard-operating procedure (SOP) for the synthesis of magnetic nanoflower-shaped iron oxide nanoparticles
based on a previous literature report (Lartigue et al. 2012, doi: 10.1021/nn304477s) by a thermal decomposition process in a polyol reaction medium.
Excellent reproducibility in size and yield along with consistent magnetic properties was achieved. CSIC has the developed a citrate coating for
magnetic nanoparticles, which was used by MM to stabilize the magnetic nanoflower-shaped iron-oxide nanoparticles and to enhance their
biocompatibility for utilization in life-sciences and analytics. Moreover, an application in medical imaging and heat-assisted therapies or a
combination of both is of particular importance. The synthesis amended by an additional coating based on micromod’s background has been
published in partial (Gavilán et al. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 2017, 1700094).
81
The citrate-coated particles will be available on webpage www.micromod.de by 01.01.2018 and have already been advertised on trade fairs like
Biotechnica as well as in key account communications with micromod customers. For the next three years micromod expects an annual revenue of 10
TEuro per acquired key customer.
2. Summary: “High Frequency AC susceptometer”
RISE Acreo has during the NanoMag project further developed a high frequency AC susceptometer to be used for dynamic magnetic measurements
of for instance dispersed MNP systems (but also for powder material or other solid samples). The start of the design and construction of this
instrument was during the EU FP7 NMP Nano3T project (focused on magnetic hyperthermia, 2008-2011). The instrument will be a valuable asset to
magnetic hyperthermia studies.
We have also added Key Exploitable Results (KER) information in the exploitation plan (deliverable D7.5) regarding a new sensing system (opto-
magnetic system) developed and verified at DTU in the project.
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4.3 Report on societal implications
A General Information (completed automatically when Grant Agreement number is entered.
Grant Agreement Number: 604448
Title of Project:
Nanometrology Standardization Methods for Magnetic (Nanoparticles
Name and Title of Coordinator:
Christer Johansson, Professor
B Ethics
1. Did your project undergo an Ethics Review (and/or Screening)?
• If Yes: have you described the progress of compliance with the relevant Ethics Review/Screening
Requirements in the frame of the periodic/final project reports?
Special Reminder: the progress of compliance with the Ethics Review/Screening Requirements should be
described in the Period/Final Project Reports under the Section 3.2.2 'Work Progress and Achievements'
No
0Yes 0No
2. Please indicate whether your project involved any of the following issues (tick box): YES RESEARCH ON HUMANS
• Did the project involve children? No
• Did the project involve patients? No
• Did the project involve persons not able to give consent? No
• Did the project involve adult healthy volunteers? No
• Did the project involve Human genetic material? No
• Did the project involve Human biological samples? No
• Did the project involve Human data collection? No
RESEARCH ON HUMAN EMBRYO/FOETUS
• Did the project involve Human Embryos? No
• Did the project involve Human Foetal Tissue / Cells? No
• Did the project involve Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs)? No
• Did the project on human Embryonic Stem Cells involve cells in culture? No
• Did the project on human Embryonic Stem Cells involve the derivation of cells from Embryos? No
PRIVACY
• Did the project involve processing of genetic information or personal data (eg. health, sexual lifestyle,
ethnicity, political opinion, religious or philosophical conviction)?
No
• Did the project involve tracking the location or observation of people? No
RESEARCH ON ANIMALS
• Did the project involve research on animals? No
• Were those animals transgenic small laboratory animals? No
• Were those animals transgenic farm animals? No
• Were those animals cloned farm animals? No
• Were those animals non-human primates? No
RESEARCH INVOLVING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
• Did the project involve the use of local resources (genetic, animal, plant etc)? No
• Was the project of benefit to local community (capacity building, access to healthcare, education etc)? No
DUAL USE
• Research having direct military use No
• Research having the potential for terrorist abuse No
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C Workforce Statistics
3. Workforce statistics for the project: Please indicate in the table below the number of people
who worked on the project (on a headcount basis).
Type of Position Number of Women Number of Men
Scientific Coordinator 1
Work package leaders 2 4
Experienced researchers (i.e. PhD holders) 22 39
PhD Students 3 15
Other
4. How many additional researchers (in companies and universities) were recruited
specifically for this project?
8
Of which, indicate the number of men:
3
84
D Gender Aspects
5. Did you carry out specific Gender Equality Actions under the project?
Yes
No
6. Which of the following actions did you carry out and how effective were they?
Not at all
effective
Very
effective
Design and implement an equal opportunity policy Set targets to achieve a gender balance in the workforce Organise conferences and workshops on gender Actions to improve work-life balance Other:
7. Was there a gender dimension associated with the research content – i.e. wherever people were the
focus of the research as, for example, consumers, users, patients or in trials, was the issue of gender considered and
addressed?
Yes- please specify
No
E Synergies with Science Education
8. Did your project involve working with students and/or school pupils (e.g. open days,
participation in science festivals and events, prizes/competitions or joint projects)?
Yes- please specify
No
9. Did the project generate any science education material (e.g. kits, websites, explanatory booklets,
DVDs)?
Yes- please specify
No
F Interdisciplinarity
10. Which disciplines (see list below) are involved in your project?
Main discipline8:
Associated discipline8: Associated discipline8:
G Engaging with Civil society and policy makers
11a Did your project engage with societal actors beyond the research
community? (if 'No', go to Question 14)
Yes
No
11b If yes, did you engage with citizens (citizens' panels / juries) or organised civil society (NGOs,
patients' groups etc.)?
No
Yes- in determining what research should be performed
Yes - in implementing the research
Yes, in communicating /disseminating / using the results of the project
8 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.3.
Four electronic-learning modules developed in the project
focused on magnetic nanoparticles, standardization and
their applications
Open days at CSIC for pupils and public showing the concept of
magnetic nanoparticles
85
11c In doing so, did your project involve actors whose role is mainly to organise the
dialogue with citizens and organised civil society (e.g. professional mediator;
communication company, science museums)?
Yes
No
12. Did you engage with government / public bodies or policy makers (including international
organisations)
No
Yes- in framing the research agenda
Yes - in implementing the research agenda
Yes, in communicating /disseminating / using the results of the project
13a Will the project generate outputs (expertise or scientific advice) which could be used by policy
makers?
Yes – as a primary objective (please indicate areas below- multiple answers possible)
Yes – as a secondary objective (please indicate areas below - multiple answer possible)
No
13b If Yes, in which fields? Enviroment, Food Safety, Public Health, Research and Innovation
Agriculture
Audiovisual and Media
Budget Competition
Consumers
Culture Customs
Development Economic and Monetary
Affairs Education, Training, Youth
Employment and Social Affairs
Energy
Enlargement
Enterprise Environment
External Relations
External Trade Fisheries and Maritime Affairs
Food Safety
Foreign and Security Policy Fraud
Humanitarian aid
Human rights
Information Society
Institutional affairs Internal Market
Justice, freedom and security
Public Health Regional Policy
Research and Innovation
Space Taxation
Transport
86
13c If Yes, at which level?
Local / regional levels
National level
European level
International level
H Use and dissemination
14. How many Articles were published/accepted for publication in peer-
reviewed journals?
82
To how many of these is open access9 provided? 10
How many of these are published in open access journals? 10
How many of these are published in open repositories?
To how many of these is open access not provided? 72
Please check all applicable reasons for not providing open access:
publisher's licensing agreement would not permit publishing in a repository
no suitable repository available
no suitable open access journal available
no funds available to publish in an open access journal
lack of time and resources
lack of information on open access
other10: ……………
15. How many new patent applications (‘priority filings’) have been made? ("Technologically unique": multiple applications for the same invention in different jurisdictions
should be counted as just one application of grant).
0
16. Indicate how many of the following Intellectual
Property Rights were applied for (give number in each
box).
Trademark 0
Registered design 0
Other 0
17. How many spin-off companies were created / are planned as a direct result of
the project?
0
Indicate the approximate number of additional jobs in these companies:
18. Please indicate whether your project has a potential impact on employment, in comparison with
the situation before your project: Increase in employment, or In small & medium-sized enterprises
Safeguard employment, or In large companies
Decrease in employment, None of the above / not relevant to the project
Difficult to estimate / not possible to quantify
19. For your project partnership please estimate the employment effect resulting
directly from your participation in Full Time Equivalent (FTE = one person
working fulltime for a year) jobs:
Indicate figure:
9 Open Access is defined as free of charge access for anyone via Internet. 10 For instance: classification for security project.
87
Difficult to estimate / not possible to quantify
I Media and Communication to the general public
20. As part of the project, were any of the beneficiaries professionals in communication or media
relations?
Yes No
21. As part of the project, have any beneficiaries received professional media / communication
training / advice to improve communication with the general public?
Yes No
22 Which of the following have been used to communicate information about your project to the
general public, or have resulted from your project?
Press Release Coverage in specialist press
Media briefing Coverage in general (non-specialist) press
TV coverage / report Coverage in national press
Radio coverage / report Coverage in international press
Brochures /posters / flyers Website for the general public / internet
DVD /Film /Multimedia Event targeting general public (festival, conference,
exhibition, science café)
23 In which languages are the information products for the general public produced?
Language of the coordinator English
Other language(s)
Question F-10: Classification of Scientific Disciplines according to the Frascati Manual 2002 (Proposed Standard
Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, OECD 2002):
FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. NATURAL SCIENCES
1.1 Mathematics and computer sciences [mathematics and other allied fields: computer sciences and other allied
subjects (software development only; hardware development should be classified in the engineering fields)]
1.2 Physical sciences (astronomy and space sciences, physics and other allied subjects)
1.3 Chemical sciences (chemistry, other allied subjects)
1.4 Earth and related environmental sciences (geology, geophysics, mineralogy, physical geography and other
geosciences, meteorology and other atmospheric sciences including climatic research, oceanography,
vulcanology, palaeoecology, other allied sciences)
1.5 Biological sciences (biology, botany, bacteriology, microbiology, zoology, entomology, genetics,
biochemistry, biophysics, other allied sciences, excluding clinical and veterinary sciences)
2 ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Civil engineering (architecture engineering, building science and engineering, construction engineering,
municipal and structural engineering and other allied subjects)
2.2 Electrical engineering, electronics [electrical engineering, electronics, communication engineering and
systems, computer engineering (hardware only) and other allied subjects]
2.3. Other engineering sciences (such as chemical, aeronautical and space, mechanical, metallurgical and
materials engineering, and their specialised subdivisions; forest products; applied sciences such as geodesy,
industrial chemistry, etc.; the science and technology of food production; specialised technologies of
88
interdisciplinary fields, e.g. systems analysis, metallurgy, mining, textile technology and other applied
subjects)
3. MEDICAL SCIENCES
3.1 Basic medicine (anatomy, cytology, physiology, genetics, pharmacy, pharmacology, toxicology,
immunology and immunohaematology, clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology, pathology)
3.2 Clinical medicine (anaesthesiology, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, internal medicine, surgery,
dentistry, neurology, psychiatry, radiology, therapeutics, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology)
3.3 Health sciences (public health services, social medicine, hygiene, nursing, epidemiology)
4. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
4.1 Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and allied sciences (agronomy, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry,
horticulture, other allied subjects)
4.2 Veterinary medicine
5. SOCIAL SCIENCES
5.1 Psychology
5.2 Economics
5.3 Educational sciences (education and training and other allied subjects)
5.4 Other social sciences [anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human,
economic and social), town and country planning, management, law, linguistics, political sciences,
sociology, organisation and methods, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary , methodological
and historical S1T activities relating to subjects in this group. Physical anthropology, physical geography and
psychophysiology should normally be classified with the natural sciences].
6. HUMANITIES
6.1 History (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology,
numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.)
6.2 Languages and literature (ancient and modern)
6.3 Other humanities [philosophy (including the history of science and technology) arts, history of art, art
criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind, religion,
theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, methodological, historical and other S1T
activities relating to the subjects in this group]
![Temperature and Magnetic Resonance …Magnetic hyperthermia is the method of heat-ing body tissue using magnetic materials [11, 15, 16]. The overheating may be avoided by controlling](https://img.pdfslide.net/doc/110x75/5f0c54eb7e708231d434df6e/temperature-and-magnetic-resonance-magnetic-hyperthermia-is-the-method-of-heat-ing.jpg)
