Project HELP 2011 H ealthy E ating L ifestyles P hysical Activity PROJECT 1

Project HELP 2011

Healthy

Eating

Lifestyles

Physical Activity

PROJECT

1

Module 3Chronic Disease Prevention

Cardiovascular Health

Diabetes

Hypertension

Obesity

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Project HELP 2011

Target Audience

3

Purpose To provide an intergenerational approach to Health and Wellness for the African American community using the Project H.E.L.P principles:

Healthy

Eating

Lifestyles

Physical Activity

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Previous Solutions =

PERSONAL Responsibility

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Project H.E.L.P Solution

Intergenerational Community Approach to Health and Wellness

Project HELP 2011

Project H. E.L.P’s approach to health

and wellness includes the entire family

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Personal Responsibility + Community Responsibility = PROJECT H.E.L.P

Project H.E.L.PProgram Components

Healthy Eating

Physical Activity

Chronic Disease Prevention

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Program ObjectivesIncrease participant knowledge of risk factors that lead to cardiovascular disease (i.e. hypertension, stroke, obesity, and diabetes);

Reduce health disparities in the African American community;

Develop community health advocates to build healthier environments for families .

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Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked arteries and blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke.

Other heart conditions, such as infections and conditions that affect your heart's muscle, valves or beating rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease.

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Atherosclerosis or Hardening of the Arteries

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Adapted from the Center for Disease Control 2010

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Leading Cause of DeathAfrican Americans

Project HELP 2011

Heart disease

Stroke

Other

Cancer

HIV/AIDS

Infant Mortality

Hypertension

Diabetes

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The Problem

Cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer of African-Americans.

288,000 African American die each year, according to the American Heart Association, from Cardiovascular disease.This includes diseases of the heart, stroke, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, congenital cardiovascular defects, hardening of the arteries and other diseases of the circulatory system.


Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

Risk factors are traits, lifestyles and habits that increase a person’s chances of having cardiovascular disease.

Risk factors for CVD include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, stress and lack of exercise.

Rates increase in African Americans for CVD from when risk factors, such as high blood pressure, tobacco use, and obesity are not controlled.


Combat Cardiovascular Disease Education: The best weapon to help combat CVD is education ( knowing the signs and symptoms). This knowledge will aid in preventative care and rapid intervention.

Signs & Symptoms:Chest pain or chest discomfort (angina)Pain in one or both arms, the left shoulder, neck, jaw, or back Shortness of breath Dizziness Faster heartbeats Nausea (feeling sick to your stomach) Abnormal heartbeats Feeling very tired.


Diabetes in African Americans


WHAT IS DIABETES?

Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood.

Diabetes can lead to serious complications and premature death, but people with diabetes can take steps to control the disease and lower the risk of complications.


TYPE 1 DIABETESType 1 occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to properly control blood sugar levels;

Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to use this glucose for energy despite high levels in the bloodstream. This leads to increased hunger;

The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role.


TYPE 2 DIABETES

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Total health care and related costs for the treatment of diabetes run about $174 billion annually.


The Problem Nearly three million African Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes and millions more are likely to develop the disease in the coming years.

4.9 million; 18.7 percent of all African American ages 20 and older have been diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.


The Problem1 in 4 African-American women ages 55 and older has diabetes.

African-Americans have high rates of at least two of diabetes’ most serious complications: amputation (such as having a toe or foot removed) and kidney failure.


Risk Factors you can not control (Type 2 Diabetes)

Age

Race

Family history


Risk Factors You Can Control

Blood Pressure: High Blood pressure increases the work of the heart;

Tobacco use: Nicotine narrows blood vessels, which can lead to high blood pressure;

Cholesterol Level: High cholesterol increases the amount of fatty build up in your arteries that causes atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries;


Risk Factors You Can Change

Obesity: Being over weight increases you risk for heart disease;

Physical Activity: Being inactive increases your chances of being overweight which can lead to cardiovascular issues;


Change Your Risk Factors!!!

Have your cholesterol tested once a year.

Reduce the amount of fats and cholesterol in your diet by eating fewer fried and fatty foods;

Stop smoking;

If you have diabetes, check your blood sugar levels at home and try to keep them as close to normal as possible.


PREVENTION Keeping a healthy body weight and an active lifestyle.

Stay up-to-date with all your vaccinations and get a flu shot every year.

Improve control of your blood sugar

Get a foot exam by your health care provider at least twice a year and learn whether you have nerve damage.


Hypertension in African Americans


What is Hypertension? Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is chronically elevated. With every heart beat, the heart pumps blood through the arteries to the rest of the body.

Blood pressure is the force of blood that is pushing up against the walls of the blood vessels. If the pressure is too high, the heart has to work harder to pump, and this could lead to organ damage and several illnesses such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, aneurysm, or renal failure.


Pre-Hypertension & HypertensionThe normal level for blood pressure is:

below 120/80, where 120 represents the systolic measurement and 80 represents the diastolic measurement.

Blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89 is called pre-hypertension .

Blood pressure of 140/90 or above is hypertension.


The ProblemAfrican Americans develop hypertension at an earlier age and are more prone to have substantially elevated pressures than other groups in the U.S.

African-Americans are more likely to develop complications associated with high blood pressure. These problems include stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia, and heart disease.


The ProblemAfrican American have:

A 80% higher death rate associated with strokes due to hypertension;

A 50% higher death rate associated with heart disease due to hypertension;

A 320% higher death rate associated with end-stage kidney disease;


Change Your Risk Factors!

• Have your blood pressure checked at least once a year, and more often if you know you are at risk.

• If you have high blood pressure, follow your treatment plan. Your health provider may suggest changes in your diet, order medicine, and give you a plan for exercise.


Risk Factors You Cannot Change

Heredity, especially if someone in your family has had a heart attack before the age of 50;

Age and Gender, males develop heart and vascular diseases at an earlier age than females. For both men and women, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases as they get older.


Change Your Risk Factors!

Take all medicines as ordered by your doctor;

Exercise at least 3 times a week for 20 minutes. Check with your health care team before starting an exercise program;

Learn how to relax and manage stress.


Obesity in African Americans


Obesity by Race/Ethnicity 2006-2008

Blacks had 51 percent higher prevalence of obesity, and Hispanics had 21 percent higher obesity prevalence compared with whites.

Greater prevalence of obesity for blacks and whites were found in the South and Midwest than in the West and Northeast. Hispanics in the Northeast had lower obesity prevalence than Hispanics in the Midwest, South or West.


Adult BMI (Body Mass Index) Calculator

• http://www.cdc.gov/widgets/#adultBMI


http://www.cdc.gov/widgets/

OBESITY RATES


2010 State Obesity Rates

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State % State % State % State %Alabama 31.0 Illinois 26.5 Montana 23.2 Rhode Island 24.6

Alaska 24.8 Indiana 29.5 Nebraska 27.2 South Carolina

29.4

Arizona 25.5 Iowa 27.9 Nevada 25.8 South Dakota 29.6

Arkansas 30.5 Kansas 28.1 New Hampshire

25.7 Tennessee 32.3

California 24.8 Kentucky 31.5 New Jersey 23.3 Texas 28.7

Colorado 18.6 Louisiana 33.0 New Mexico 25.1 Utah 23.5

Connecticut 20.6 Maine 25.8 New York 24.2 Vermont 22.8

Delaware 27.0 Maryland 26.2 North Carolina

29.3 Virginia 25.0

Washington DC

19.7 Massachusetts 21.4 North Dakota 27.9 Washington 26.4

Florida 25.2 Michigan 29.6 Ohio 28.8 West Virginia 31.1

Georgia 27.2 Minnesota 24.6 Oklahoma 31.4 Wisconsin 28.7

Hawaii 22.3 Mississippi 34.4 Oregon 23.0 Wyoming 24.6

Idaho 24.5 Missouri 30.0 Pennsylvania 27.4

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Obesity by Race/Ethnicity 2006-2008


Obesity Among Women

African American women have the highest rates of being overweight or obese compared to other groups in the U.S. About four out of five African American women are overweight or obese.


http://www.4women.gov/glossary/index.cfm

Obesity Among Youth

The prevalence of obesity among children aged 6–11 more than doubled in the past 20 years, going from 6.5% in 1980 to 17.0% in 2006. The rate among adolescents aged 12–19 more than tripled, increasing from 5.0% to 17.6%. Children and adolescents who are overweight are more likely to be overweight or obese as adults; one study showed that children who became obese by age 8 were more severely obese as adults.


• In keeping with her current crusade against childhood obesity, Mrs. Obama addressed the NAACP national convention discussing parental responsibility for the health of their children. Obesity affects African American children more than any other demographic

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Documents

Project HELP 2011 H ealthy E ating L ifestyles P hysical Activity PROJECT 1