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Project Introduction. Blueprinting, Architectural Lines, Term Project, Project Layout, and Cost. Blue Printing Drawings. History Blue print paper--Diazo The Process. White on Blue. History. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Project Introduction
Blueprinting, Architectural Lines, Term Project, Project
Layout, and Cost
Blue Printing Drawings
HistoryBlue print paper--Diazo
The Process
History• An early reproduction process produced prints
having white lines on a dark blue background. They
were called blueprints.White on Blue
History• Today the reproduction results are reversed, that is,
dark lines on a white background. These are actually called whiteprints although the term “blueprint” is more traditionally used even though it is incorrectly used.
Blue on White
Blue print paper--Diazo
• Blueprinting is actually a photographic method of coping an original drawing.
• Blueprinting creats a direct, positive copy of the original drawing.
• Diazo prints have a white (bluish) background and dark (blue) line work.
• Diazo paper is coated with a yellow chemical (diazo) that is light sensitive, this chemical decomposes wherever it is exposed to light
The Process• The process is called the Diazo or
sometimes Ozalid process. There are two basic steps in the process:
–1) Exposing –2) Developing
1--Exposing• Diazo-coated paper (yellow) face-up with the drawing face-up
on top of the dizao paper fed into the machine and exposes them to an ultraviolet light.
• Light passes through the drawing except where the graphite lines are on the drawing. The light deactivates the dizao chemical and makes it white
• Where the pencil line of graphite are the dizao chemical remains to be developed
2--Developing• The print paper,
separated from the drawing, is exposed to ammonia vapor to develop the images into dark lines.
• The darkness of the lines depends upon the blackness of the drawing line and the exposure time in the machine.
Class Time to make Blueprints
Line Types & Line Widths
• Line Types--describe different aspects of the drawing
• Line Widths--emphasize importance of features on a drawing
& PROFILE LINES
MEDIUM
• What leads to used for the various line types:
Border, Profile, Cutting plane lines
Hidden linesDimension, Center, & Section linesConstruction & Guide lines
Outline, Visible or Object lines
Line Type Applications
DECK
Line Type Applications
Drawing Technique at Line Intersections
PREFERRED BY ARCHITECTS
Line Type Examples
ARROWS OR
(HIDDEN--SHORT AND LONG)CENTER LINE
CROSSING CORNERS
Architectural Line Types (handout)
• Use this handout as a guide and comparison to evaluate and measure your line widths or thickness and see if your lines are equal in width
• All lines must have lots of graphite on them to make dark blueprint lines
Line Exercise• “A” size vellum• Draw borders and complete title block• Draw, with instruments, 9-2 1/4”squares
centered in drawing space• Do all lines, at first, as layout lines then
complete exercise with the alphabet of lines and line widths as given in handout
• Make blueprint for instructors evaluation
“A” size Title Block
Class Demo for Line Exercise
Term Project
Measuring the Presentation Drawing
• The drawing has been photo reduced and can not be measured with a regular ruler.
Making the Shrink ruler• Ruler made of known distances such as: bath
tub, hallways, stair, cabinets, used to measure unknown distances (only rough)
Tub lengthis 5’-0”
ShrinkRuler
Shrin
kRu
ler
Stair widthis 3’-0”
Budget Guidelines
• Clients’ construction budget limit is $135,000.00• Lot cost $15,000.00• Total Project cost = $135K + $15K = $150K• Estimated Cost determined by Square Foot
Method: Square Foot (X) Factor = Estimated $• Square foot includes walls and living space
Class Project Cost Factors• The factors can be effected by location and all the other
aspects of design.• Utah cost factors ranges from $65.00(low) to
$150.00(high)/sqft• Class Cost Factors:
– $75.00/sqft--main floor space finished– $55.00/sqft--upper level floor space finished– $35.00/sqft--garage space finished– $15.00/sqft--porch space complete– $10.00/sqft--terrace/patio space complete
Project Cost Breakdown
1,0561,040
68,64046,800
13,7502,300
1,000
550230
132,49015,000
147,490
Project Drawing Requirements
• Drawings and Sheet numbers of Project
Project Sheet Layout• Notice each sheet
contains drawings and/or arrangement of drawings
• Note change of Electrical Symbol Schedule location
Here
Title Block for all Project Drawings
Cost Per Square Foot Breakdown
• Factor used depends upon several aspects of home design:– Ranch verses Two-Story Designs– Finished verses Unfinished Designs– Economical verses Luxury Designs– Essentials verses Extras Designs
Ranch verses Two-Story Design
• More expensive to build a ranch house (one that is spread over a large area)
• Two-Story Design share roof and foundation cost
Finished verses Unfinished Design
• More materials and labor used to finish a home the cost are much higher with the finished design
Economical verses Luxury Design
• The wide range of material quality make a difference in home cost.
• Materials such as floor coverings (carpet, etc.), appliances, plumbing fixtures, electrical fixtures influence the home cost
Essentials verses Extras Design
• Features that could raise cost in a home design: – extra bathrooms, – more than one fireplace, – large garages, – spas/sauna/whirlpool, – swimming pool, etc.
Cost ExerciseNote this exercise is not on Project House, see handout
• Formula:– 3 1/2 x Gross Yearly Income
• Example: (GYI = $50,000)– 3.5 x 50,000 = $175,000 max loan
• P = Principle• I = Interest• T = Taxes• I = Insurance• Mortgage--PI • Escrow--3rd party agreement• Amortization Schedule--a
chart listing payment periods & PI over load
• Closing Cost--fees & down $ paid at closing
• Down Payment--up front money paid at closing
• Foreclosure--Repossessing of property
• Lien--claim on property as security
• Title Insurance--guarantee property is free and clear
Gross Income Comparisons
• Total Project Cost = $152,000 (round up actual loan amount [95%] and look on PI chart)
152,000 x .95 = 144,400.001,115.00
1,265.00
144,400/ 2 1/2 = 57,760
(1,265/.28) 12 = 54,214