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Project Management
• Project Management is very important discipline. Project Management Institute has defined it- A temporary endeavor taken to create a unique product or services. Project management can be seen all walk of life.
Government undertakes many projects which in turns is able to create infrastructural facilities like Hospital, School and colleges road projects on national level . Metro rail projects being under taken by many states like Karnataka, Maharashtra
Why Project management?
• The basic purpose of initiating any project is to accomplish specific goals. The reason for organizing the project task as a
project is to focus the responsibility and authority for the attainment of goals on an individual or small group.
The projects that command the most public attention tend to be large,
complex ,multidisciplinary endeavors
continued
• The complexities and multidisciplinary aspects of the projects require that many parts be put together so that prime objectives – Performance, time(or schedule) and cost- are met
• Techniques of project management were deployed , mostly by the military, the use of project organization began to spread.
continued
• The Project Manager(PM) is expected to integrate all aspects of projects , ensure that the proper knowledge and resources are available when and where needed, above all , ensure that the expected results are produced in a timely , cost effective manner. The complexity of the problems faced by the PM, taken together with the rapid growth in number of project oriented organization has contributed to the professionalization.
Understand the context of project management
Recognize project team conflict as progress
Understand who the stake holders are and what they want
Accept and use the political nature of organization
Build and maintain a cohesive team
Lead from the front
Enthusiasm and despair both are infectious
One look forward is worth two looks back
Use time carefully or it will use you
Remember what are you trying to do.
Understand what success means
Above all, plan , plan , plan
Above twelve Points must be remember by P M
Project evaluation factors
• When ever a project is selected for execution certain factors are considered and evaluated. Some of the
factors are 1) Production factors2) Marketing factors3) Financial factors4) Personnel factors5) Administrative and miscellaneous factors
Production factors
• Time until ready to install• Length of disruption during installation• Learning curve- time until operating as desired• Effects on waste and rejects• Energy requirements• Facility and other equipments requirements• Safety of process• Change in cost to produce the unit output
continued
• Required development time and cost• Other application of technology• Change in raw material usage
Marketing Factors size of potential market for output Probable market share of out put Time until the market share is acquired
Estimated life of out-putSpin-off projects possibilities consumer acceptance
Financial FactorsProfitability, net present value of the investment Impact on cash flowPay out periodCash requirementTime until Break-evenSize of Investment required
Personnel factors Training requirement Labour skill requirementChange in size of labour for Inter and intra group communication requirementImpact on working condition
Administrative and Miscellaneous
Meet Governmental environment safety standardImpact on image with customers , suppliers andCompetitors
Project management & Project Manager
• The best way to explain the unique role of project manager is to contrast with that of functional manager in charge of a firm’s functional department like Marketing , engineering ,finance etc. such departmental heads are specialist hence analytically oriented
Organization chart for functional Manager
Sales
Vice presidentmarketing
Group administration
Marketing service
Organization structure for P.M
• P.M is responsible for Project Manager
FINANCE PLANINGENGINEERING CONTRACTS
Selecting the Project manager
• Some of the most popular attributes ,skill , and qualities that have been sought when selecting the project manager:
• A Strong technical back ground• A hard-nosed manager• A mature individual• One who has worked in many departments
Concerned area for P.M
• Following are the areas which are of concern to P.M
1)Acquiring adequate physical resources2)Acquiring and motivating Personnel 3)Dealing with obstacle4)Making goal trade-offs5)Maintaining a balanced outlook in Team6)Negotiating
Importance of Project
• In the quest to accelerate the economic an social progress and bring about better living standards( improved health , education , and housing facilities ) for their people, Governments of developing countries become
the main planners for such projects and even financing of projects are taken up by government . Projects are increasingly used in both the public and private sectors of world economies
Project
National International
Non Industrial Industrial
High Technology
Low Technology Non conventional R&D
Project
Linkages and Project management Project management is like a system which maintains linkages between various components like people, money and other resources like machineries and have to be linked to project outputs like services , goods. Another form of nexus is between Donor( Source of project Funding) and the implementing agency.Third important linkage in project management is that between beneficiaries and project management staff
ENVIRONMENT
Inputs Conversion Outputs
Development Needs
Policy and project
planning
Role of Project manager
Resourcemobilization
ProjectImplementation-
Project services , products and
Result evaluation
Developmentimpact
Formulation Implementation Evaluation
Five Phases of Project Management Activities
Screening ,Investment opportunity study
• The purpose of investment opportunity is to develop Project ideas by examining the potentials , problems, and the needs and aspiration of the people .Such questions as mentioned herein need to be answered –
• In what way can the economy of the area be transformed?
• How can its development problems be overcome?
What should be done to ensure people’s participation ?Another purpose of investment opportunity study is toExamine the internal as external factors that are either likely to favour or impede development of the concerned area. Study at this stage is meant to provides planners with a choice of projects from which they can make a selection.Prefeasibility study A prefeasibility is an intermediateStage between an investment study and detailed feasibility study. The prefeasibility study contains brief information of individual projects. It concentrate such information as would enable the planners or managers To take a provisional decision on whether or not there is enough justification for undertaking full fledged study.
Project Formulation
• The project formulation exercise is a large and complex task after a positive decision is taken on the
project idea . At this stage, the nature and scope of a project has to be spelled out in a comprehensive form. The formulation phase should provide the blue prints for all the other phases of project management . Many issues are involved in the formulation phases of the project The first is the comprehensiveness of the project which include formulation of detailed prospectus spelling out its economic , technical .financial ,organizational aspects
Project plan Elements
• Any project plan must have following element• Overview This is a short summery of
objectives and scope of project .It contains a statement of goals of project, a brief explanation of their relationship to the firm’s objectives ,a description of managerial structures that will be used for project and list of major mile stones in the schedule
Objectives & Contractual Aspects
• This contains more detailed statement of the general goals noted in overview. The statement must include profit and competitive aims as well as technical goals. Contractual aspect forms the most critical section of the plan includes the complete list and description
of all reporting requirements, customer-supplied resources, liaison arrangements, advisory committees , project review and cancellation procedures ,any specific management agreements e,i use of subcontractors as well technical deliverables. Completeness is necessary in this section
Schedules & Resources
• This section contains /outlines various schedules and list all milestone events .Each task is listed and estimated time for each task is obtained from those who will do the work.
• Project master schedule is constructed from these inputs. Person in charge ( P I C) or Head of Department must sign off final and agreed-on schedule.
Resources
• There are two primary aspects to this. The first is the budget . Both capital and expense requirement are detailed by task , which makes this a project budget One time cost are separated from recurring project cost. Cost monitoring and control procedures must be described it must also cover for special requirement for example Special Machines , special materials , test equipments etc
Personnel
• This section lists the expected personnel requirement of the project. Special skills , types of training needed ,legal or policy restrictions on work force composition any other special requirement like security clearance. It is helpful to place manpower in phased manner as per project schedule. These projections are an important element of
budget so that personnel , schedule and resource sections can be cross checked
Risk Management Plans
• This section deals with potential problems as well as potential lucky breaks that can affect the project.
• One or more issues like unexpected technical break , subcontractor default , the bad
weather , strike may affect the schedule hence risk management plan must be in place
Evaluation Methods
• Every project must be evaluated against standards and by methods which are established during inception stage.
• Project Planning in Action Using a planning process oriented around theLife-cycle events common to software and
hardware product developers , they divide the project into nine segments