Project on bluetooth technology

7/29/2019 Project on bluetooth technology

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A personal computer that does nothave embedded Bluetooth can beused with a Bluetooth adapter thatwill enable the PC to communicatewith other Bluetooth devices (such asmobile phones, mice and keyboards).

While some desktop computers andmost recent laptops come with abuilt-in Bluetooth radio, others willrequire an external one in the formof a dongle.

Unlike its predecessor, IrDA, which

requires a separate adapter for eachdevice, Bluetooth allows multipledevices to communicate with acomputer over a single adapter.



Bluetooth exists in many products, such as the iPod Touch, Lego Mindstorms NXT, PlayStation 3, PSPGo, telephones, the Nintendo Wii, and some high definition

headsets, modems, and watches.Thetechnology is useful when transferring information between two or more devices that are near each

other in low-bandwidth situations. Bluetooth is commonly used to transfer sound data withtelephones (i.e., with a Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand-held computers (transferring files).

Bluetooth protocols simplify the discovery and setup of services between devices. Bluetooth devices

can advertise all of the services they provide. This makes using services easier because more of thesecurity, network address and permission configuration can be automated than with many othernetwork types.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSP_Go

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wii

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod_Touch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego_Mindstorms_NXT

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headset_(equipment)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3











http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod_Touch



Wi-Fi is intended for resident equipment and itsapplications. The category of applications is outlined asWLAN, the wireless local area networks. Wi-Fi isintended as a replacement for cabling for general localarea network access in work areas.

Wi-Fi is a wireless version of a traditional Ethernetnetwork, and requires configuration to set upshared resources, transmit files, and to set upaudio links (for example, headsets and hands-free devices). Wi-Fi uses the same radiofrequencies as Bluetooth, but with higherpower, resulting in a faster connection andbetter range from the base station

Bluetooth was intended for non-resident equipmentand its applications. The category of applications isoutlined as the wireless personal area network(WPAN). Bluetooth is a replacement for cabling ina variety of personally carried applications in anysetting and can also support fixed locationapplications such as smart energy functionality inthe home (thermostats, etc.)

The nearest equivalents in Bluetooth are the DUNprofile, which allows devices to act as modeminterfaces, and the PAN profile, which allows forad-hoc networking.



Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data overshort distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400-

2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with highlevels of security. Created by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994,it was originally conceived as

a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcomingproblems of synchronization.



Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spreads spectrum, which chops upthe data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 bands (1 MHz each; centered from2402 to 2480 MHz) in the range 2,400-2,483.5 MHz (allowing for guard bands). This range is inthe globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz short-range radiofrequency band.

Originally Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK) modulation was the only modulation schemeavailable; subsequently, since the introduction of Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, π/4-DQPSK and 8DPSK

modulation may also be used between compatible devices. Devices functioning with GFSK aresaid to be operating in basic rate (BR) mode where an instantaneous data rate of 1 Mbit/s ispossible. The term Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) is used to describe π/4-DPSK and 8DPSK schemes, each giving 2 and 3 Mbit/s respectively. The combination of these (BR and EDR) modesin Bluetooth radio technology is classified as a "BR/EDR radio".

Bluetooth is a packet-based protocol with a master-slave structure. One master may communicate with up to 7 slaves in a piconet; all devices share the master's clock. Packet exchange is based on the basic clock, defined by the master, which ticks at 312.5 µs intervals.

Two clock ticks make up a slot of 625 µs; two slots make up a slot pair of 1250 µs. In the simplecase of single-slot packets the master transmits in even slots and receives in odd slots; the slave,conversely, receives in even slots and transmits in odd slots. Packets may be 1, 3 or 5 slots long but in all cases the master transmit will begin in even slots and the slave transmit in odd slots.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum






Bluetooth v4.0 introduced low energy technology to the Bluetooth Core Specification, enablingnew types of devices tthat are able to operate for months or even years on tiny batteries.Markets for these new low energy devices include health care, sports and fitness, security,and home entertainment. These and many other markets will be enhanced by the availabilityof coin-cell battery powered wireless products and sensors that use Bluetooth lowenergy technology.

The Bluetooth SIG announced the formal adoption of Bluetooth Core Specification Version4.0 in July 2010. By mid-2011, many devices were under development and headed tomarket soon, including the first wave of mobile phones with Bluetooth low energy technologydue out in late 2011.

Bluetooth v4.0 is creating new opportunities for developers and manufacturers of Bluetoothenabled devices and applications, bringing to life entirely new markets for devices that mustbe low-cost and operate with low power wireless connectivity.

Bluetooth low energy technology features:

Key features of Bluetooth low energy wireless technology include:

Ultra-low peak, average and idle mode power consumption

Ability to run for years on standard, coin-cell batteries Low cost

Multi-vendor interoperability

Enhanced range





Bluetooth v3.0 + HS Version 3.0 + HS of the Bluetooth Core Specification[26] was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG on April 21, 2009.

Bluetooth 3.0+HS supports theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 24 Mbit/s, though not over the Bluetooth linkitself. Instead, the Bluetooth link is used for negotiation and establishment, and the high data rate traffic is carriedover a colocated 802.11 link. Its main new feature is AMP (Alternate MAC/PHY), the addition of 802.11 as a highspeed transport. Two technologies had been anticipated for AMP: 802.11 and UWB, but UWB is missing from thespecification.[29]

The High-Speed part of the specification is not mandatory, and hence only devices sporting the "+HS" will actuallysupport the Bluetooth over Wifi high-speed data transfer. A Bluetooth 3.0 device without the HS suffix will not supportHigh Speed, and needs to only support Unicast Connectionless Data (UCD).[30]

Alternate MAC/PHY Enables the use of alternative MAC and PHYs for transporting Bluetooth profile data. TheBluetooth radio is still used for device discovery, initial connection and profile configuration, however when largequantities of data need to be sent, the high speed alternate MAC PHY 802.11 (typically associated with Wi-Fi) will beused to transport the data. This means that the proven low power connection models of Bluetooth are used when thesystem is idle, and the faster radio is used when large quantities of data need to be sent. Unicast connectionless dataPermits service data to be sent without establishing an explicit L2CAP channel. It is intended for use by applicationsthat require low latency between user action and reconnection/transmission of data. This is only appropriate for smallamounts of data. Enhanced Power Control Updates the power control feature to remove the open loop power control,and also to clarify ambiguities in power control introduced by the new modulation schemes added for EDR. Enhancedpower control removes the ambiguities by specifying the behaviour that is expected. The feature also adds closed looppower control, meaning RSSI filtering can start as the response is received. Additionally, a "go straight to maximum

power" request has been introduced. This is expected to deal with the headset link loss issue typically observed whena user puts their phone into a pocket on the opposite side to the headset.

Bluetooth v4.0

The Bluetooth SIG completed the Bluetooth Core Specification version 4.0, which includes Classic Bluetooth ,Bluetooth high speed and Bluetooth low energy protocols. Bluetooth high speed is based on Wi-Fi, and ClassicBluetooth consists of legacy Bluetooth protocols. This version has been adopted as of June 30, 2010.

http://c/Users/SADDAM/Desktop/Project/Bluetooth.htm

https://www.bluetooth.org/apps/content/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-wideband








http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Access_Control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Access_Control







https://www.bluetooth.org/apps/content/






An economic wireless solution(for voice andvideo) for short distances.

A global technology specification – anuniversal radio interface in 2.4 GHz ISMfrequency band.

Stationary & mobile environments.

No setup needed – always on in the

background (Dynamic configurable)



Cable replacement. Voice & data access points

1) Notebook PC to cell phone

2) Notebook or palm companion to LAN’ E-Mail internet via shared access point (e.g.conference rooms)



Official website:1) www.bluetooth.com

2) www.wikipedia.org/bluetooth

Refernce textbooks:

1) Bluetooth connect without cables

2) Bluetooth demystified

http://www.bluetooth.com/

http://www.wikipedia.org/bluetooth

http://www.wikipedia.org/bluetooth

http://www.bluetooth.com/

Documents

Project on bluetooth technology