___________________________________________________________________________

2017/EWG/EGEEC/WKSP2/009

Project Overview and Preliminary Analysis

Submitted by: International Institute for Energy Conservation

Workshop on Reducing Losses in Power Distribution Through Improved Efficiency of

Distribution TransformersJeju, Korea

28 March 2017

ORGANISERS:

Project Overview and Preliminary Analysis

28 March 2017 | Jeju, Republic of Korea Samat Sukenaliev

Sommai Phon-Amnuaisuk International Institute for Energy Conservation

Reducing Losses in Power Distribution through Improved Efficiency of Distribution Transformers (EWG 05 2015A)

Outline

1. Project Background

2. Project Objectives

3. Main Outputs

4. Review of main outputs

5. Preliminary Analysis

6. Next Steps

3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 2

Project Background

• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the International Copper Association (ICA) and the China Standard Certification Company (CSC), initiated the project to provide knowledge and experience obtained from designing, planning and implementing improved efficiency of distribution transformers;

• Study and analyze benefits from the adoption of the upcoming IEC 60076-20 standard;

• Share experiences and lessons learnt through EE policies and regulations aiming for improved efficiency of DTs in the residential, commercial and industrial sectors;

• Formulate policy recommendations and strategies for future acceleration of energy efficiency practice in the APEC economies;

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Project Objectives

• The long-term goal of the project is to support APEC economies with adoption of the IEC 60076-20 standard, to drive technology changes and increase DT’s energy performance. The specific objectives of the project are: – To build the capacity of policy makers on the impact of adopting IEC

60076-20 standard for their economies in terms of electricity distribution loss reductions and GHG emission reductions and;

– To provide policy makers with clear policy recommendations that are made in consultation with key stakeholders (testing laboratories, manufacturers, standard making bodies etc);

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Main Outputs of the Project

IIEC-Technical Consultant

• Review of Past Studies;

• Comparative Analysis and Technical Recommendations;

• Workshop to discuss with key stakeholders key issues and policy recommendations;

• Preparation of a Policy and Regulatory Recommendation based on Consultation Workshops with key stakeholders;

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Comparative Analysis of Existing Standards (Status)

• Detailed studies are being conducted to compare existing standards with the new IEC standards;

• load/no load losses are used to determine the energy performance of Distribution Transformers (DTs).

• Based on the comparative analysis the formulation of recommendations will be made regarding the method to best regulate energy performance in DTs to minimize uncertainty in energy saving benefits and drive technology improvements (from 50% EE to load/no-load losses standard);

Policy and regulatory recommendations (Status)

• Through active consultation with beneficiaries, the project is formulating policy and regulatory recommendations to assist APEC economies in adopting the new IEC standard (ongoing);

• A direct one-on-one consultations with utilities, policy-makers and manufacturers

• The policy recommendations report will include clear guidelines to the development of policy roadmaps for the intention of policy makers;

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Consultation workshops and Conference

• The main objective of the today’s workshop is to ensure effective consultation with strategic stakeholders;

• To share experiences and lessons learnt from leading practitioners and best-practice through EE policies and regulations;

• To disseminate the outputs of this project and develop partnerships to initiate domestic processes for adoption of the new IEC standard;

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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

IEC TS 60076-20

• The most recent edition published in 2017 – Power Transformers – Part 20: Energy Efficiency

• Provides methods for efficiency and efficiency index calculation

• Provides two levels of recommendations – Level 1 is for basic energy performance – Level 2 is for high energy performance

• Energy performance MAY be specified in one of the following ways: – Minimum PEI (Peak Efficiency Index) – Maximum load losses and maximum no-load losses – Minimum Efficiency Index at a load factor of 50%

Efficiency Profile of DTs

Level 1 Level 2

Min PEI 98.741% 99.014%

Max NL/LL 90/1100 81/750

Min EI@50% 98.657% 99.004%

80.000%

82.000%

84.000%

86.000%

88.000%

90.000%

92.000%

94.000%

96.000%

98.000%

100.000%

Effi

cien

cy (%

)

22 kV 50 kVA Distribution Transformer

Level 1

Level 2

PEI @ around 30% Load

Reservation on 50% Load Factor Efficiency

Source: Estimation by ICA

Same EI @ 50% Load for different NL/LL

95.000%

95.500%

96.000%

96.500%

97.000%

97.500%

98.000%

98.500%

99.000%

99.500%

Effi

cien

cy (%

)

22 kV 50 kVA Distribution Transformer

Model A

Model B

Model C

Model D

Model E

EIB50 = 98.657%

Estimation of Energy Savings

• Average load factors are generally used to estimate total energy losses and savings.

• Prelim analysis found that:

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Average 50% Load Factor

IEC 60076-20 Scenario

- Load losses/no load losses

- Efficiency at 50% load

- Peak efficiency index

Energy Loss 100 kWh

Energy Loss 110 kWh

Energy Loss 105 kWh

Analysis Approach

Compiling DT Population at the

Utility Level Classifications by

kV/KVA

Defining DT Losses/

Efficiency

Baseline Scenario MEPS/

Utilities’ Procurements

IEC 60076-20 Scenario

- Load losses/no load losses

- Efficiency at 50% load

- Peak efficiency index

Defining Analysis

Methodology

Typical Load Profiles for

Different End-Use Sectors

Annual Variation/ Load

Factor

Key Variables: Electricity Tariff

(current/ projection),

Emission Factor, discount rate,

service life

Projecting Energy Consumption/ CO2 Emission

Baseline Scenario Energy

Consumption/ CO2

Emission (2017-2036)/

LCC

IEC 60076-20 Scenario Energy

Consumption/ CO2

Emission (2017-2036)/

LCC

Extrapolation at the APEC

Economy Level - Baseline - IEC 60076-20 - Savings

Previous Studies

• APEC Distribution Transformer Survey (APEC EWG 2013)

• EE Potential for Distribution Transformers in the APEC Economies (2013)

• Asset Maintenance, Refurbishment and Replacement Practices in ASEAN Utilities (HAPUA Working Group 3, 2015)

• Market Study for Transformers and Power Cables in Thailand (ICA 2016)

• Market Research on Copper – Intensive Technologies in the Philippines (ICA 2016)

DT Inventory in APEC Economies

• More than 63 million units – Covering utilities + private sector, excluding China

– Estimated using the Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS)

• Average sizes 73 kVA – 1,250 kVA

493 kVA

1,250 kVA

770 kVA

142 kVA

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

Au

stra

lia

Bru

nei

Ca

na

da

Ch

ile

Ch

ina

Ho

ng

Kon

gIn

do

nes

ia

Jap

an

Mal

aysi

a

Mex

ico

New

Zea

lan

d

Pap

ua

New

Gu

inea

Peru

Phili

pp

ines

Ru

ssia

Sin

gap

ore

Sou

th K

ore

a

Ta

ipe

i

Th

aila

nd

USA

Vie

tnam

Nu

mb

er

of

Inst

all

ed

DT

s (m

illi

on

un

its)

Installed Unit (million)

Average Rating (kVA)

Utility DT Inventory in ASEAN

• More than 800,000 in 2013 (excluding the Philippines)

• Utility installations are about half of the total stock in each country.

Brunei, 2,800

Cambodia, 3,166

Indonesia, 362,746

Lao PDR, 23,235

Malaysia, 59,435

Singapore, 15,500 Thailand,

310,103

Vietnam, 21,273

DT Rating in ASEAN

• APEC 2013 study assumed an average rating of 73 kVA in most ASEAN countries.

• HAPUA surveys - most utility DTs are 1-phase with rating <100 kVA and 3-phase rating ≤250 kVA but majority of kVA install is from 501 – 1,100 kVA.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Bru

ne

i

Cam

bo

dia

Ind

on

esi

a

Lao

PD

R

Mal

aysi

a

Phili

pp

ines

Sin

gap

ore

Thai

lan

d

Vie

tna

m

Ave

rage

DT

Rat

ing

(kV

A)

HAPUA Data

APEC Study

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

< 100 kVA (1-phase)

≤ 250 kVA (3-phase)

251 - 500 kVA

501-1000 kVA

1001 -2000 kVA

Nu

mb

er

of

DTs

Inst

alle

d

DT Rating

Installed Unit

Installed MVA

No-Load Losses in Asian Utilities

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

No

-Lo

ad L

oss

es

(W)

PEA 22kV

PEA 33kV

IEC 60076-20 level 1

IEC 60076-20 level 2

Load Losses in Asian Utilities

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

Load

Lo

sse

s (W

)

PEA

IEC 60076-20 level 1

IEC 60076-20 level 2

Next Steps

• Document policy and regulatory recommendations from this workshop;

• Detailed Technical Analysis of Existing Standard VS IEC Standard;

• Based on the Findings above Prepare Policy and Regulatory Recommendations;

• Findings will be shared with PSC members and discussed during the next workshop;

3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 22

THANK YOU

For more information, please contact:

Samat Sukenaliev – ssukenaliev@iiec.org

Sommai Phon-Amnuaisuk – sphonamnuaisuk@iiec.org