Project Plan 1by Sher Singh

7/22/2019 Project Plan 1by Sher Singh

1/6

By:-

sher singh

Anil

Indian institute of technology, Roorkee

Benchmarking of

performance of baxy

express with

piaggio and mahindra

alpha

May 18


2/6

Scope:- The three wheeler automotive sector has experienced unprecedented expansion during last decade.since there are already some big players like Mahindra alpha, atul ltd. And piaggio in markets and competition is

up to the mark so a little bit increment in performance and a small reduction in manufacturing cost would lead tomassive profit. And in the design phase of a new vehicle also, the results obtained from the benchmark tests are

the main references for a vehicle dynamics development.so benchmarking of performance is gonna play a vital

role in all the aspects.

Year wise 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total 3w sales 547,806 506,506 497,793 613606 795992 876127

Exports (%)contribution 26 28 30 28 34 41

Duration:- 7-8 weeks

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Energy Consumption

Ground Clearance

Load Testing

Power and Torque vs rpm

Steering Ratio

Turning Radius

Fuel and Air RatioRollover Stability

Understeer and Oversteer

Emission

Cooling System

METHODOLOGY:-

1. Fuel consumption :-This allow us to compare one vehicle's fuel consumption against another.The following formula is used to calculate fuel consumption in litres / 100kms, the most commonly used

measure of fuel consumption.


3/6

(Litres used X 100) / km travelled = Litres per 100km

The amount of work generated by the vehicle's power source (energy delivered by the engine) would be

exactly proportional to the amount of fuel energy consumed by the engine.

Some sources of energy losses in a moving vehicle:

Engine efficiency, aerodynamic drag force, rolling friction, air conditioning, power steering, braking and

electrical system.

2. Ground clearance(ride height):- is the amount of space between the base of anautomobile tire and the underside of the chassis to the shortest distance between a flat, level surface, and

any part of a vehicle other than those parts designed to contact the ground (such as tires, tracks) .ground

clearance of Mahindra alfa is 175 mm and baxy express s ground clearance is

Ground clearance is measured with standard vehicle equipment.

Significance:- A higher ground clearance means less precise and more dangerous

handling characteristics (most notably, the chance of rollover is higher). However, it also means that the

vehicle is more capable of being driven on roads that are not level without scrapping the roads. a lowerground clearance means that the vehicle minus the chassis is lower to the ground and thus harder to spot

and harder to hit.

3. Load testing:- is the process of putting demand on a system or device and measuring its response.Load testing is performed to determine a systems behavior under both normal and anticipated peak load

conditions. It helps to identify the maximum operating capacity of an application as well as any bottlenecks.

There are various methods ot machines for checking load capacity like

Application server(s) or software,Database server(s),Network-latency , congestion etc.,Client-side processing

Load balancing between multiple servers.

4.Power and torque versus rpm:- Mahindra alfa features

Maximum power:5.52 kw @3600 rpm

Torque:18nm @ 2000-2400 rpm

Piaggio features:

Maximum power:5.53kw @3600 rpm

Torque :18nm @2400-2200 rpm

While baxy express features:

Maximum power: 6.0+/-5% kw@3500+/-100 rpm

Torque: 21.5+/-5% @2200+/-200 rpm

We can calculate it using cell test.


4/6

5. Steering ratio:- Steering ratio is the ratio of the number of degrees turned at thesteering wheel vs. the number of degrees the front wheels are deflected.

6 .Opening and closing valve timing:- it can be very complicated and very timeconsuming although scope of improving the performance is large by varying the timing of opening

and closing of valve.using some advanced thermodynamics theories or cycles a lot work can be

done.

7. Turning radius:- The turning radius orturning circle of a vehicle is the diameter of thesmallest circular turn (i.e.U-turn) that the vehicle is capable of making.since the less ambiguous

term turning circle is preferred.and following equation is used to measure turning radius

CCR (feet) = WB (inches) CF/OWC ()

Where ccr= calculated circle radius,

WB= wheel base,

OWC=outside wheel cut,

CF=conversion factor which depends upon depends on the front axle, tires,

wheels and wheelbase.

Turning radius of Mahindra alfa is 3800 mm and turning radius of baxy

express is (data unavailable).

8. Rollover stability:- A conventional, non-tilting three wheel car can equal the rollover resistanceof a four wheel car, provided the location of the center-of-gravity (cg) is low and near the side-by-side

wheels. a three-wheeler's margin of safety against rollover is determined by its L/H ratio, or the half-tread (L)

in relation to the cg height (H). Unlike a four-wheeler, however, a three-wheeler's half-tread is determined by

the relationship between the actual tread (distance between the side-by-side wheels) and the longitudinal

location of the cg, which translates into an "effective" half-tread. The effective half-tread can be increased by

placing the side-by-side wheels farther apart, by locating the cg closer to the side-by-side wheels, and to a

lesser degree by increasing the wheelbase. Rollover resistance increases when the effective half-tread is

increased and when the cg lowered, both of which increase the L/H ratio.

9. Understeer and oversteer :- understeer and oversteerare vehicle dynamics terms used todescribe the sensitivity of a vehicle to steering. Simply put, oversteer is what occurs when a car turns

(steers) by more than (over) the amount commanded by the driver. Conversely, understeer is what occurs

when a car steers less than (under) the amount commanded by the driver.

10. Emission:-emissive particles are also of great concern. Comparative study can bedone using chassis dynamometer. Baxy express emissive datas are following

g/km CO HC

NOx

HC+NOx PM CO2 FC


5/6

Value 0.258 0.047 0.443 0.490 0.017 83.904 31.3

Projected Ways to reduce emission :-

1. Change from indirect injection system (idi) to direct injection system(di)

2. Most solutions used on larger engine s may not be adopted on smaller engine so only change

from di to high speed di could be explored.

11. Cooling system:-Mahindra alfa and piaggio both are air cooled since baxy express is air-

oil cooled.

There are three basic parameters that determine cooling efficiency: radiator surface area, coolant

speed through the system, and the amount of airflow through the radiator. Even a small problem

with any of these variables will cause difficulties.

Some methods are following to improve the cooling system:

By Changing the radiator materials

Using electrical fans

Likely benefits:-

Benchmarking study would increase the general awareness of costs and performance of products and services in

relation to those of competitor organizations.

Benchmarking brings out the newness and innovative ways to manages of managing operations.

It would help to improve the product quality.

It would help to gain competitive advantage .

Accountability it fosters the responsibility of on the part of managers.

Benchmarking would help to increase sales and profit.

It would Provide independent evaluation of technology.


6/6

Documents

Project Plan 1by Sher Singh