Projects Te 2

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Technical English 2Projects for 1st. Semester 2012

FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS OF YOUR CONTENT TO PRESENT YOUR

PROJECT.

IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS BY SENDING THE VIDEO, YOU CAN UPLOADYOUR VIDEO TO YOUTUBE AND SEND THE LINK OF YOUR VIDEO.

Technical EnglishIndustrial Engineering

Technical English 2:

1. Design of a Product

Subject: Diseo Para la ProduccinTopic: Design of a new productObjective: Make students use their creative skills and their innovation to designa new product.Description of the Project

The project consists of the design of a new product that will be created following

certain steps that include: brainstorming of ideas, selection of the idea,

preliminary design, and construction of a prototype, tests and final design.

Students will have to come up with an idea of a product that would be accepted

in the market and that will leave them profits.

Students will turn in a written report in which they specified the process. They

will also have to make a Presentation to their classmates and bring a prototype

of the product.The project is going to be done in pairs or individual.

ProcedureThe students will have to investigate about the process of designing a product.They will have to go step by step in the process which includes:

Brainstorming

Selection of the product

Marketing Tests (Make a survey to see if the people would accept the product

and the price they would pay)

Preliminary Design of the ProductDesign of the Production Process


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Construction of the prototype

Final Design

Students will present a written report containingIntroduction

Objectives

Content: it includes each of the steps mentioned above

Conclusion

Finally they will present this to the class and shoe the prototype.

VocabularyDesign of a new product

1. Brainstorming: A method of shared problem solving in which all

members of a group spontaneously contribute ideas.

2. Costs: An amount paid or required in payment for a purchase; a price.

3. Creativity: is the ability to think up and design new inventions, produce

works of art, solve problems in new ways, or develop an idea based on

an original, novel, or unconventional approach.4. Customer: One that buys goods or services.

5. Design: To plan out in systematic, usually graphic form

6. Differentiation: The act or process of differentiating.

a. Mathematics. The process of computing a derivative

7. Evaluation: is systematic determination of merit, worth, and significance

of something or someone using criteria against a set of standards.

8. Feedback: The return of information about the result of a process or

activity

9. Improvements: The act of making better or the condition of being madebetter.

10. Innovation: A new and unusual thing

11. Input: Something put into a system or expended in its operation to

achieve output or a result

12. Marketing: Process associated with promoting for sale goods or

services. The classic components of marketing are the Four Ps: product,

price, place, and promotion

13. Packaging: The act, process, industry, art, or style of packing

14. Planning: Planning in organizations and public policy is both the

organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the


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psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a

desired goal on some scale

15. Price: The amount as of money or goods, asked for or given inexchange for something else.

16. Product: Something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a

natural process.

17. Process: A series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a

result

18. Prototype: An original type, form, or instance serving as a basis or

standard for later stages.

19. Quality Control: A system for ensuring the maintenance of proper

standards in manufactured goods, especially by periodic randominspection of the product.

20. Selection: The act or an instance of selecting or the fact of having been

selected.

21. Segmentation: division into similar parts.

22. Standardization: the imposition of standards or regulations

23. Strategy: A plan of action resulting from strategy or intended to

accomplish a specific goal.

24. Survey: A gathering of a sample of data or opinions considered to be

representative of a whole.

25. Technology: The application of science, especially to industrial or

commercial objectives.


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Technical English

Civil EngineeringTechnical English 2:SOIL TESTING

1. Report about the types of soil testing.

Subject: Mecnica de suelos

Topic: Soil testing.

Objective: To draw attention to the soil mechanics.

Description:

The students will choose a soil test that they will investigate toacknowledge the procedure, tools and purpose of it.

They will present their work in a PowerPoint presentation and atechnical report. Through a video

Procedure:

The students will propose which test they are going to investigate tothe project.

The students will visit libraries and web sites to find all theinformation about the test they chose.

The students will write a report that includes: index, introduction,objectives, purpose of the test, procedure to follow, used tools,conclusions, recommendations and bibliography.

They will present their results in class with help of a PowerPointpresentation through a video.

Oral and written evaluation will be implemented by the teacher.


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FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS OF YOUR CONTENT TO PRESENT YOURPROJECT.


VOCABULARY

1. Atterberg Limits: This lab is performed to determine the plastic and liquid limits ofa finegrained soil. The liquid limit (LL) is arbitrarily defined as the water content, in

percent, at which a pat of soil in a standard cup and cut by a groove of standarddimensions will flow together at the base of the groove for a distance of 13 mm (1/2in.) when subjected to 25 shocks from the cup being dropped 10 mm in a standardliquid limit apparatus operated at a rate of two shocks per second. The plastic limit(PL) is the water content, in percent, at which a soil can no longer be deformed byrolling into 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) diameter threads without crumbling.

2. Clay : 1. a mineral soil separate consisting of particles less than 0.002 mm inequivalent diameter. 2. a soil textural class. 3. a fine-grained soil that has a highplasticity index in relation to the liquid limits (engineering). 4. a specific mineralstructure.

3. Consistency:the resistance of a material to deformation or rupture. 2. The degree

of cohesion or adhesion of the soil mass. Used for describing consistency of soilmaterials at various soil moistures and degrees of cementation.

4. Consolidation Test: This test is performed to determine the magnitude and rate ofvolume decrease that a laterally confined soil specimen undergoes when subjectedto different vertical pressures. From the measured data, the consolidation curve(pressure-void ratio relationship) can be plotted. This data is useful in determiningthe compression index, the recompression index and the preconsolidation pressure(or maximum past pressure) of the soi. In addition, the data obtained can also beused to determine the coefficient of consolidation and the coefficient of secondarycompression of the soil.

5. Density (Unit Weight) Determinatiom:This lab is performed to determine the in-place density of undisturbed soil obtained by pushing or drilling a thin-walledcylinder. The bulk density is the ratio of mass of moist soil to the volume of the soilsample, and the dry density is the ratio of the mass of the dry soil to the volume thesoil sample.

6. Direct Shear Test: This test is performed to determine the consolidated-drainedshear strengthof a sandy to silty soil. The shear strength is one of the mostimportant engineering properties of a soil, because it is required whenever astructure is dependent on the soils shearing resistance. The shear strength isneeded for engineering situations such as determining the stability of slopes orcuts, finding the bearing capacity for foundations, and calculating the pressureexerted by a soil on a retaining wall.

7. Erosion: The removal and movement of soil materials by water, wind, ice, orgravity, as well as by human activities such as agriculture or construction.
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec3/Lec3.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec3/Lec3.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec7/Lec7.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec7/Lec7.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec7/Lec7.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec3/Lec3.html


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8. Grain Size Analysis (Sieve And Hydrometer Analysis): This test is performed todetermine the percentage of different grain sizes contained within a soil. The

mechanical or sieve analysis is performed to determine the distribution of thecoarser, larger-sized particles, and the hydrometer method is used to determine thedistribution of the finer particles.

9. In Situ: In (its original) place. Thus the difference between an in situ and alaboratory soil measurement is that the first is made with little or no disturbance inthe original soil profile while the second requires considerable mechanical agitationand change of environment to remove a sample to location away from the place oforigin.

10.Infiltration:entry of water downward into the soil surface.

11.Liquid limit:in engineering, the water percentage between a soil's defined liquidand plastic states (consistence).

12.Moisture-Density Relation (Compaction) Test: This laboratory test is performedto determine the relationship between the moisture content and the dry density of asoil for a specified compactive effort. The compactive effort is the amount ofmechanical energy that is applied to the soil mass. Several different methods areused to compact soil in the field, and some examples include tamping, kneading,vibration, and static load compaction. This laboratory will employ the tamping orimpact compaction method using the type of equipment and methodology developedby R. R. Proctor in 1933, therefore, the test is also known as the Proctor test.

13.Organic matter: any plant and animal material added to the soil.

14.Organic Matter Determination: This test is performed to determine the organiccontent of soils. The organic content is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of themass of organic matter in a given mass of soil to the mass of the dry soil solids.

15.Permeability (Hydraulic Conductivity) Test Constant Head Method: Thepurpose of this test is to determine the permeability (hydraulic conductivity) of asandy soil by the constant head test method. There are two general types ofpermeability test methods that are routinely performed in the laboratory: (1) theconstant head test method, and (2) the falling head test method. The constant headtest method is used for permeable soils (k>10-4 cm/s) and the falling head test ismainly used for less permeable soils (k


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20.Soil:1. the unconsolidated mineral and organic material on the immediate surfaceof the Earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. 2. the

unconsolidated mineral matter on the surface of the Earth that has been subjectedto and influenced by genetic and environmental factors of parent material, climate,macro- and microorganisms, and topography, all acting over a period of time andproducing a product - soil - that differs from the material from which it is derived inmany physical, chemical, biological, and morphological properties andcharacteristics.

21.Soil test:a chemical, physical, or microbiological operation that estimates aproperty of a soil.

22.Specific Gravity Determination: This lab is performed to determine the specificgravity of soil by using a pycnometer. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of unit

volume of soil at a stated temperature to the mass of the same volume of gas-freedistilled water at a stated temperature.

23.Triaxial shear test: A triaxial shear test is a common method to measure themechanical properties of many deformable solids, especially soil, sand, clay, andothergranular materialsorpowders.

24.Unconfined Compression (Uc) Test: The primary purpose of this test is todetermine the unconfined compressive strength, which is then used to calculate theunconsolidated undrained shear strength of the clay under unconfined conditions.According to the ASTM standard, the unconfined compressive strength (qu) isdefined as the compressive stress at which an unconfined cylindrical specimen ofsoil will fail in a simple compression test. In addition, in this test method, the

unconfined compressive strength is taken as the maximum load attained per unitarea, or the load per unit area at 15% axial strain, whichever occurs first duringthe performance of a test.

25.Water Content Determination: This test is performed to determine the water(moisture) content of soils. The water content is the ratio, expressed as apercentage, of the mass of pore or free water in a given mass of soil to the massof the dry soil solids.

Technical English

Chemical EngineeringTechnical English 2:

2. Chemical report of the titration of vitamin C.

Subject: Anlisis Cualitativo

Topic: Inorganic Chemistry
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec22/Lec22.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec22/Lec22.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec22/Lec22.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_(substance)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_(substance)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_(substance)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_(substance)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec22/Lec22.htmlhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~doetqp-p/courses/env320/lec1/Lec1.html


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Objective: Help to develop the basic aptitudes in the inorganic chemical

analysis focused on the ionic equilibrium.

Description:

The students will realize a titration on a chemistry laboratory and they willrealize a chemical report of the experiment done in The laboratory.The reactants will be vitamin c and sodium bicarbonate. If you have done thispractice, investigate and research about it.

The report will include: Summary, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, samplecalculation, calculated data, error analysis and bibliography.

Oral evaluation will test the fluency and spoken English parameters. Writtenevaluation will be another test area implemented by the teacher.



1. Aliphatic Compounds are composed ofcarbonandhydrogenwhich donot contain aromatic rings; carbon atoms can be joined together in straightchains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.

2. Alkanes, also known asparaffins, arechemical compoundsthat consistonly of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) (i.e., hydrocarbons),wherein these atoms are linked together exclusively bysingle bonds(i.e., theyaresaturated compounds) without any cyclic structure.

3. Alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated chemical compoundcontaining at least onecarbon-to-carbondouble bond.

4. Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond betweentwocarbonatoms, with the formula CnH2n-2.

5. An addition polymer is a polymer which is formed by an addition

reaction, where many monomersbond together via rearrangement of bondswithout the loss of any atom or molecule.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_%28chemistry%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_%28chemistry%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_%28chemistry%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_%28chemistry%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon


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6. An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH) or arene is a

hydrocarbon, of which themolecular structureincorporates one or more planarsets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electronsnumbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and doublecovalent bonds.

7. Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-baseddieselfuel consisting of shortchain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterificationof vegetableoil, which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) inunmodifieddiesel-enginevehicles.

8. Chromatophores arepigment-containing and light-reflectingcellsfound

inamphibians, fish,reptiles,crustaceans, andcephalopods. They are largelyresponsible for generating skin and eye colour in cold-blooded animals andare generated in theneural crestduringembryonic development.

9. Chromophore is part (ormoiety) of amoleculeresponsible for itscolor.

10. Condensation polymers are any class of polymers formed through acondensation reaction, releasing a small molecule by-product such as water ormethanol, as opposed to addition polymers which involve the reaction ofunsaturated monomers. Types of condensation polymers includepolyamides,polyacetalsandpolyesters.

11. Esters are a class ofchemical compoundsandfunctional groups. Estersconsist of an inorganic or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl)group is replaced by an -O-alkyl(alkoxy) group.

12. Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol,is avolatile,flammable, colorless liquid. It is best known as the type ofalcoholfound inalcoholic beveragesand inthermometers. In common usage, it isoften referred to simply as alcohol.

13. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules thatare responsible for the characteristicchemical reactionsof those molecules.

14. Glucose (C6H12O6) contains sixcarbonatoms, one of which is part of analdehydegroup, and is therefore referred to as analdohexose.

15. Glycerol is a chemical compound also commonly called glycerin orglycerine. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is widely used inpharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is a sugar alcohol, and is sweet-tastingand of low toxicity.

16. Hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen

andcarbon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delocalised_electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delocalised_electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transesterificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transesterificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel-enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel-enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel-enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_colorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_colorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold-bloodedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold-bloodedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_cresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_cresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_cresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsaturated_monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsaturated_monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehydehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehydehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehydehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsaturated_monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_cresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold-bloodedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_colorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel-enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transesterificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delocalised_electronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon


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17. Hydroxyl in chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an oxygenatom and ahydrogenatom connected by acovalent bond.

18. Methane is a chemical compoundwith the molecular formula CH4. It isthe simplestalkane, and the principal component ofnatural gas.

19. Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves thescientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, andpreparation (by synthesis or by other means) of chemical compoundsconsisting primarily ofcarbonandhydrogen, which may contain any number ofother elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens as well asphosphorus,siliconandsulfur.

20. Polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeatingstructural unitsconnected bycovalentchemical bonds.

21. Saturated fat isfatthat consists oftriglyceridescontaining onlysaturatedfatty acids.

22. Step-growth polymerization is apolymerizationprocess that involves achemical reaction between multifunctional monomer molecules. In a step-growth reaction, the growing chains may react with each other to form evenlonger chains.

23. Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that possess identicalconstitution, but which differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space.

24. Structural isomerism, or constitutional isomerism, is a form ofisomerism in which moleculeswith the same molecular formulahave atomsbonded together in different orders, as opposed tostereoisomerism.

25. Transesterification is the process of exchanging thealkoxy groupof anester compoundwith anotheralcohol. These reactions are oftencatalyzedbythe addition of anacidorbase.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxy_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxy_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxy_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxy_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry


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Technical English

Industrial / Mechanical IndustrialEngineering


BASIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATIONCourse Definition: Instrumentation engineering is the engineering

specialization focused on the principle and operation ofmeasuring instruments which are used in design andconfiguration of automated systems. They typically workfor industries with automated processes, such aschemical or manufacturing plants, with the goal ofimproving system productivity, reliability, safety,optimization and stability.

Topic: Metrology applied to measurement instruments.Technical English 2Application: In addition to standards created by national and international

standards organizations, many large and small industrialcompanies also define metrology standards and procedures tomeet their particular needs for technically and economicallycompetitive manufacturing.These standards and procedures, while drawing in part upon thenational and international standards, also address the issues ofwhat specific instrument technology will be used to measure eachquantity, how often each quantity will be measured, and which

definition of each quantity will be used as the basis foraccomplishing the process control that their manufacturing andproduct specifications require. Industrial metrology standardsinclude dynamic control plans, also known as dimensional control

plans.

Procedure: The students need to choose a measurement instrument used formechanical purposes.Define and calculate each metrology property from themeasurement instrument chosen by the student.

predefined standards for precision, accuracy, traceability, andreliability.


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Calibration Is the process of establishing the relationship between a measuring deviceand the units of measure. This is done by comparing a device or the outputof an instrument to a standard having known measurement characteristics.

capacitance Is a measure of the amount of electric charge stored (or separated) for agiven electric potential. The most common form of charge storage device isa two-plate capacitor.

circuit breaker Is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect anelectrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Unlike afuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breakercan be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normaloperation.

current Is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The SI unit of electric current isthe ampere, and electric current is measured using an ammeter.

density Is the ratio of its mass (m) to its volume (V), a measure of how tightly thematter within it is packed together.

flow Is the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time(for example cubic meters per second [m3 s-1] in SI units, or cubic feet persecond [cu ft/s]). It is usually represented by the symbol Q.

frequency Is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit

time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.inductance Is the ratio of the magnetic flux to the current when an electric current is

flowing around a circuit produces a magnetic field and hence a magneticflux through the circuit.

Instrumentation The study, development, and manufacture of instruments, as for scientificor

level An instrument for ascertaining whether a surface is horizontal, vertical, orat a 45 angle, consisting essentially of an encased, liquid-filled tubecontaining an air bubble that moves to a center window when theinstrument is set on an even plane. Also called spirit level.

Measurement Is the estimation of the magnitude of some attribute of an object, such asits length or weight, relative to a unit of measurement. Measurement

usually involves using a measuring instrument, such as a ruler or scale,which is calibrated to compare the object to some standard, such as ameter or a kilogram.

Measurement

uncertainty

It describes a region about an observed value of a physical quantity wherethe true value of that physical quantity is expected. Measurementuncertainty relates the random error associated with taking measurementsand comprises two parts: an observed value of the measurand and theuncertainty of this value.

Metrology Is the science of measurement. Metrology includes all theoretical andpractical aspects of measurement. It embraces both experimental andtheoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of scienceand technology.

pressure Is the force over an area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular tothe surface.


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radiation Is energy in the form of waves or moving subatomic particles emitted by anatom or other body as it changes from a higher energy state to a lowerenergy state. Radiation can be classified as ionizing or non-ionizingradiation, depending on its effect on atomic matter.

relay Is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of anotherelectrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by anelectromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts.

resistivity Is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electriccurrent. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows themovement of electrical charge. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohmmeter.

solenoid Is a three-dimensional coil. In physics, the term solenoid refers to a loop ofwire, often wrapped around a metallic core, w

Surveying Is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial orthree-dimensional space position of points and the distances and angles

between them. These points are usually, but not exclusively, associatedwith positions on the surface of the Earth, and are often used to establishland maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes.

temperature Is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hotand cold; something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature.Specifically, temperature is a property of matter.

Thermal conductivity Is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. Itappears primarily in Fourier's Law for heat conduction.

valve Is a device that regulates the flow of materials (gases, fluidized solids,slurries, or liquids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing variouspassageways.

viscosity Is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either

shear stress or extensional stress. In general terms it is the resistance of aliquid to flow, or its "thickness". Viscosity describes a fluid's internalresistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction.

voltage Is the difference of electrical potential between two points of an electricalor electronic circuit, expressed in volts. It measures the potential energy ofan electric field to cause an electric current in an electrical conductor


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Technical English

Science and Systems EngineeringTechnical English 2:

Course: Sistemas Operativos 1

Theme: What is the Open Source Software?

Objective:

Show to other students what is the meaning the OpenSource Software and solve the most frequently askedquestions about it. Is it really for free? Does it have

any kind of restrictions? What is the differencebetween this software and the software that you canbuy at a store? Students will need to explain what isit about, make a comparison between the each kind ofsoftware packages and how it can be used to leveragethe money that is spent in licenses.

Teaching Activity

The students will need to make a presentation wherethey will explain the basic concepts and terms related

to Open Source Software. They will also need toprepare graphics and charts, comparing differentaspects between each kind of software and shareabout their conclusions, explaining every materialthey use in their presentation. Students should beable to explain and differentiate which are the mostrelevant points between the different kinds ofsoftware.



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Vocabulary:

Source codeIs any sequence of statements or declarations written in some human-readablecomputer programming language. Source code is written in a programming language,which is usually a simplified form of the English language to reduce ambiguity. Sourcecode allows the programmer to communicate with the computer using a reservednumber of instructions.

CopyrightIs a legal concept, enacted by governments, giving the creator of an original work ofauthorship exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time, after which the workenters the public domain.LicenseAn open-source license is a license that is used for software, with copyright, whichfollow the principles of Open Source movement.

Free softwareIis software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and whichcan be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either withoutrestriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can alsodo these things.

Free Software Foundation(FSF) is anon-profit corporationfounded byRichard Stallmanon4 October1985tosupport the free software movement, a copyleft-based movement which aims topromote the universal freedom to distribute and modify computer software withoutrestriction.OSI(Open Source Initiative) A non-profit corporation dedicated to promoting open sourcesoftware. The OSI logo on software certifies that it is distributed under one of severalapproved licensesIntegrationSystem integration is the bringing together of the component subsystems into onesystem and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system.Versions

Tree versions, GPLv1, GPLv2 and GPLv3.CompilerIs acomputer program(or set of programs) that translates text written in acomputerlanguage(the source language) into another computer language (the target language).DevelopmentSoftware development is sometimes understood to encompass the processes ofsoftware engineering combined with the research and goals of software marketing todevelop computer software products.CompatibilityMany of the most common free software licences, such as the original MIT/X licence,the BSD licence, and the LGPL, are "GPL-compatible". That is, their code can becombined with a program under the GPL without conflict.

Bug
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copylefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copylefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copylefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_corporation


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Is an error, flaw, mistake, failure, fault or undocumented feature in a computerprogram that prevents it from behaving as intended (e.g., producing an incorrectresult).

Trademark(Represented by the symbol ) is a distinctive sign or indicator of some kind which isused by an individual, business organization or other legal entity to identify uniquelythe source of its products and/or services.

General Public License(GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely used free software licence, originally written byRichard Stallman for the GNU project.Proprietary softwarecomputer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use, privatemodification,copying, orrepublishing. Similar terms include "closed-source software"and "non-free software".

FreewareIs computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee.[1]Freeware is often made available in a binary-only, proprietary form, thus making itdistinct from free software.

Technical English

Mechanical EngineeringTechnical English 2:

Subject:Manufacturing Processes 1

Topic:Direct Reading Measurement Instruments

Objective: To transmit the knowledge and perfect the usage of theVernier Caliper and the Micrometer.

Description: This project will be done in a program called Microsoft

Power Point. It is about the Vernier Caliper and with the Micrometermeasurement instruments. The students will have to perform a slideshow

and a text in Microsoft Word.

Procedure:The students are going to develop a Direct Reading Measurement

Instruments Manual

The purpose is to show, through a set of different signals, pictures and

photos how to use the Vernier Caliper as well as the Micrometer.

The process must be described with steps in English and the students

will also have to explain how to use every single part of the two

instruments mentioned above.
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Similarly the students must write a handbook of how to use both

instruments, using examples of the Metric System as well as de

Imperial or English System. It must contain the following aspects:

1) Index2) Introduction3) Objectives (1 General and 3 specifics)4) Vernier Caliper Users Handbook (using graphics)5) Micrometer Users Manual (using graphics)6) Conclusions (coinciding with the objectives)7) Annexes8) Bibliography

In the same way, the students have to present a speech with a

projector showing their slideshow made with Microsoft Power Point.

The slideshow has to include a step by step example of the usage of

the vernier caliper and micrometer, using pictures, arrows, text, and

examples applied to measure industry pieces such as:

Nuts

Bolts

GearsWashers

Pipes

Surfaces

Cogwheels

Hinges

Screws

Shafts

A Microsoft Word work must be presented in a printed way, as well as a

burned CD containing the work and the slideshow in Power Point.




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VOCABULARY

1) Anvil (Tope): Shiny part of the micrometer that the spindle moves toward, and thatthe thing to be measured rests against.

2) Barrel (Tambor Fijo): Also called the stock. It is the stationary round part of themicrometer with the linear scale on it. Almost always it has the vernier scale

markings.

3) Caliper (Calibrador): A measuring device that can be adjusted to determine thethickness, diameter, or distance between two surfaces.

4) Depth (Profundidad): The vertical distance below a surface or the amount that

something is deep.

5) Depth Probe (Coliza Para medir Profundidades): Part of a Vernier Caliper used tomeasure depths.

6) Diameter (Dimetro): It is any straight line segment that passes through the center ofthe circle and whose endpoints are on the circle.

7) Frame (Cuerpo): The C-shaped body of the micrometer that holds the anvil andbarrel in constant relation to each other. It is thick because it needs to minimize

flexion, expansion, and contraction, which would distort the measurement.

8) Imperial System (Sistema Ingls): A system of measurement in use in the UnitedKingdom and other Commonwealth countries, now mostly superseded by the

metric system; similar tothe systemcurrently used in theUnited States; consisting ofunits such as theinch, themileand thepound.

9) Inside Jaws (Mordazas para Medidas Internas): Part of a Vernier Caliper used tomeasure internal lengths.

10) Length (Longitud): The linear extent in space from one end to the other.

11) Lock Ring (Tuerca de Fijacin): The knurled part (or lever) that one can tighten

to hold the spindle stationary, such as when momentarily holding a measurement.

12) Measurement (Medida): It is the estimation of the magnitude of some attributeof an object, such as its length or weight, relative to a unit of measurement.

13) Metric System (Sistema Mtrico): The system of measurement used in almost allof science. It is a system based on measures of tens. Measures from the metric

system include meters, liters, and grams.

14) Micrometer (Micrmetro): An instrument by which highly accuratemeasurements can be read. Those might be length, depth, or thickness

measurements. It is more accurate than the vernier caliper.
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Commonwealthhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Commonwealthhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metric_systemhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metric_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_unitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_unitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_unitshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inchhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inchhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inchhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/milehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/milehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/milehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poundhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poundhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poundhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poundhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/milehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inchhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_unitshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metric_systemhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Commonwealthhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/United_Kingdom


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15) Outside Jaws (Mordazas para Medidas Externas): Part of a Vernier Caliper usedto measure external lengths.

16) Retainer (Botn de deslizamiento y freno): Part of a Vernier Caliper used to blockmovable part to allow the easy transferring a measurement.

17) Screw (Trinquete): It is the heart of the micrometer, it lies inside the barrel.

18) Spindle (Espiga): Shiny cylindrical part of the micrometer that the thimble causesto move toward the anvil.

19) Thickness: The dimension between two surfaces of an object, usually thedimension of smallest measure.

20) Thimble (Tambor Mvil): The part of the micrometer that one's thumb turns.

21) Torque (Torque): The tendency of a force to cause an object to rotate. In anengine, the torque is expressed as the force applied multiplied by the distance from

the center of rotation.

22) Uncertainty (Incerteza): The quantity of how much a measurement is unknowncompared to the actual feature. It is also called the Least Count.

23) Vernier (Nonio): It is also called nonius. It represents the scale precision; it mightbe expressed in centimeters, millimeters or even inches and inches fractions.

24) Vernier Acuity (Pericia con el Vernier): It is the ability by a person to detect theproper alignment of two line segments.

25) Vernier Caliper (Calibrador Vernier): A precision measuring instrument thatmeasures inside and outside dimensions. It is not as accurate as a micrometer,

however its still convenient.


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Technical English

Electronics Engineering


Technical English II

Project

Name: Beginner Circuits

Objective: To learn how to manipulate electronic components without

understanding the function of them in detail.

Activity: Build, nine beginners circuits using common electronic components.

Description: Nine circuits to get students started in the electronics world. Three

circuits illustrating the usage of resistors, light emitting diodes and the effects of

resistors in series and parallel. Three circuits illustrating the usage of capacitors and

the effects of capacitors in series and parallel. Three circuits illustrating the usage of

diodes.

Students have to present (in class with their classmates), three circuits working

(preference selected). Also they have to give the teacher a VCD or DVD with a video of

the group building and explaining the project (in the video all the nine circuits).

Procedure: The project is going to be done in groups of 5 students. Students have to

build up all of the nine circuits (their schematic diagrams shown above). The main

materials students will need are listed also in the pictures.

Remember that the main objective of the project is to finish it without understanding

in detail all of the circuits; therefore the main goal can be achieved without a lot of

knowledge.


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Students have to present (in class with their classmates), three circuits working

(preference selected). Also they have to give the teacher a VCD or DVD with a video of

the group building and explaining the project (in the video all the nine circuits).

TECHNICAL ENGLISH 2

1. AC: alternating current.

2. Analog: of or pertaining to a mechanism that represents data by

measurement of a continuous physical variable, as voltage or pressure.

3. Brushless Motor: synchronous electric motor which is powered by

direct-current electricity (DC) and which has an electronically controlled

commutation system, instead of a mechanical commutation system based on

brushes.

4. Copper: a malleable, ductile, metallic element having a characteristic

reddish-brown color: used in large quantities as an electrical conductor and in

the manufacture of alloys, as brass and bronze.

5. Current: the time rate of flow of electric charge, in the direction that apositive moving charge would take and having magnitude equal to the quantity

of charge per unit time: measured in amperes.

6. DC: direct current.

7. Digital: involving or using numerical digits expressed in a scale of

notation to represent discretely all variables occurring in a problem.

8. Diode: a device, as a two-element electron tube or a semiconductor,

through which current can pass freely in only one direction.9. Dynamo: an electric generator.


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10. Electromagnetic Field: the coupled electric and magnetic fields that are

generated by time-varying currents and accelerated charges.

11. Electromagnetic Wave: a wave produced by the acceleration of an

electric charge and propagated by the periodic variation of intensities of,

usually, perpendicular electric and magnetic fields.

12. Electromagnetism: the phenomena associated with electric and

magnetic fields and their interactions with each other and with electric charges

and currents.

13. Germanium: a scarce, metallic, grayish-white element, normally

tetravalent, used chiefly in transistors.

14. Hysteresis: the lag in response exhibited by a body in reacting to

changes in the forces, esp. magnetic forces, affecting it.

15. Induction Motor: type of alternating current motor where power is

supplied to the rotor by means of electromagnetic induction.

16. Inductor: a coil used to introduce inductance into an electric circuit.

17. Junction: a place or point where two or more things meet or converge.

18. LED (light-emitting diode): a semiconductor diode that emits light when

conducting current and is used in electronic equipment.

19. Motor: a comparatively small and powerful engine, esp. an internal-

combustion engine in an automobile, motorboat, or the like.

20. Parallel Circuit: a closed electrical circuit in which the current is divided

into two or more paths and then returns via a common path to complete the

circuit.

21. Resistor: a device designed to introduce resistance into an electric

circuit.

22. Semiconductor: a basic component of various kinds of electronic circuit

element (semiconductor device) used in communications, control, and

detection technology and in computers.

23. Series Circuit: an electric circuit connected so that current passes

through each circuit element in turn without branching.

24. Switch: a device for turning on or off or directing an electric current or formaking or breaking a circuit.


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Synchronous Motor: an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coilspassing magnets at the same rate as the alternating current and resulting

magnetic field which drives it

Technical English

Physics EngineeringTechnical English 2:

Technical English II

Project

Technical English 2Book of Definitions:

o Write the definitions that appear in the books of some of the following

courses:

Number theory

Anlisis de variable real

Topology

Book of Theorems

o Write the theorems that appear in the books of some of the following

courses:

Number theory

Anlisis de variable real

Topology

Bibliographies

o Investigate about the life of mathematicians.

Number theory

Fermat

Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind

Bernhard Riemann

Topology

Hausdorff

Kolmorogov


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Technical English

Environmental Engeneering


Course:EcologyTheme: Compost and FertilizersObjective: Get to know how to make fertilizer and explain how itworks.Activity: Make a Compost.Bibliography:http://articulos.infojardin.com/articulos/Hacer_compost.htm. Or visit the Ecology Staff in Chemistry Department inour Faculty.

Development:Make a CompostVisit the webpage above and follow the steps in order to build a Compost.Record the materials used, lapse of time from lay to lay of organic waste,

quantity of water used, and also write down your observations about thedecompose of the materials and how this decomposing helps the growth ofnew organisms. Present your observations in your report.

Vocabulary:

Compost Compost Natural Fertilizer.

Fertilizer Fertilizante: Additives used to propitiate plant growing.
http://articulos.infojardin.com/articulos/Hacer_compost.htmhttp://articulos.infojardin.com/articulos/Hacer_compost.htmhttp://articulos.infojardin.com/articulos/Hacer_compost.htmhttp://articulos.infojardin.com/articulos/Hacer_compost.htmhttp://articulos.infojardin.com/articulos/Hacer_compost.htmhttp://articulos.infojardin.com/articulos/Hacer_compost.htm


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Decompose Descomponer: When an organism breaks down into itscomponents liberating gases and other substances.

Organic Orgnico : Related to an organism.

Methane Metano: Uncolored gas without smell which is a componentof natural gas.

Nutrient Nutriente: Substances needed by organisms in order todevelop and function well.

Feeding Alimento:Food or any substance that provides nutrients toan organism.

Biodegradable

Biodegradable: Any substance or body that can bedecomposed.

Soil Richness Riqueza del Suelo:Grounds ability to grow life.

Topsoil Capa superficial del suelo: Earths upper layer.

Nutrient Depletion: When a soil is no longer able to grow up life aswell as before.

Soil Management Manejo del Suelo: Correct usage of soil to enlargeIts richness and avoid depletion.

Energy Flow Flujo de Energa (ecosistemas): Conservation of energyapplied in many shapes.

Nitrogen Cycle Ciclo del Nitrgeno: Nitrogens stages among anecosistema.

Producers Productores: Organisms able to produce their own food.

Agricultural Wastes

Deshechos de Agricultura: Wastes originatedafter any agricultural activity.

Natural Gas Gas Natural: Gas natural originado por funcionesprincipalmente orgnicas.

Fossil Fsil: Petrified organic substance.

Peat Turba: Fossil fuel made of vegetable residuals.

Phosphorus Fsforo: One of the Periodic Table elements, poisonous

and inflammable.


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Layer Capa: One portion of material over another.

Agriculture

Agricultura: The activity of cropping soil.

Rotten Podrido: Decomposed; old and spoiled.

Moistness Humedad: Small amount of wetness in a body.

Bark Cloth Corteza: A logs outer layer with protective function.

Documents

Projects Te 2