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SFD- Shit Flow DiagramCentre for Science and Environment
Promoting excreta (sewage and septage) flow analysis to inform urban sanitation
programming at a city-wide scale
SFD- Shit Flow Diagram
What is an SFD?An excreta flow diagram (also often described as shit flow diagram, SFD) is a tool to readily understand and communicate visualizing how excreta physically flow through a city or town. It shows how excreta are or is not contained as it moves from defecation to disposal or end-use, and the fate of all excreta generated. An accompanying report describes the service delivery context of the city or town.
It is NOT
• Based on actual volumes/mass – these are determined by other related factors
• A representation of public health risk (risk = hazard x behavior)
• A precise scientific analytical tool
It is
• A tool for engineers, planners and decision-makers
• Based on contributing populations and an indication of where their excreta (septage or sewage) goes
• A representation of public health hazard
• An effective communications and advocacy tool
• An overview from which to develop sanitation priorities
About CSECentre for Science and Environment (CSE) is New Delhi based independent public research organization that aims to analyze and study the relationship between environment and development and create public consciousness about the need for sustainable development. The centre was set up in 1980 and is globally acknowledged for its intellec-tual leadership, policy advocacy and capacity building.
In 2012 CSE has published 7th report - India’s first and most comprehensive survey of water and sewage manage-ment in a two volume set publication title – ‘Excreta Matters’. The publication is based on data and information col-lected from over 71 cities in different agro-climatic zones on all aspects of water management (sourcing, treat-ment (water and waste), supply, pricing and equity etc). The book outlines an approach towards sustainable water and sewage management in Indian cities.
Background of Research In 2012-2013 the Water and Sanita-tion Program (WSP) of the World Bank carried out an analysis of excreta man-agement in 12 cities and developed new tools for assessing the context and outcomes relating to the flow of excreta through the city.
Building on this work, in 2014 the centre partnered with a group of institutions active in the field of excreta manage-ment to promote excreta flow analysis (septage and sewage) to inform urban sanitation programming through the service delivery assessment tool - Shit Flow Diagrams (SFDs), developed by Wa-ter and Sanitation Programme - World Bank. CSE has prepared SFDs for 11 cities in India as part of the above initiative.
Contact for further informationSFD Initiative Co-ordinator ([email protected])
Centre for Science and Environment, 41-Tuglakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi–110062Tel. 91- 11 -40616000 Fax. 91-11-29955879 Website: www.cseindia.org
SFD Promotion Initiative - Consortium Partners
WW: Waste WaterFS: Faecal Sludge SN: Supernatant
City name and date of productionDesk based / Field based
Purpose of an SFDSFDs are a useful tool to inform urban sanitation programming. They offer an innovative way to engage city stakeholders like po-litical leaders, sanitation experts and civil society organizations in a coordinated dialogue about ex-creta management. They can also be used for advocacy.
The SFD Promotion InitiativeThe main objective of the SFD Promotion Initiative is to continue further development of the SFD approach. This approach includes standardized guidance – a methodology and tools - for the easy production of standardized SFDs, backed by a description of information sources and the enabling environment in the city concerned. The initiative aimed to test the approach in 50 cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America and, for the benefit of sanitation prac-titioners, decision-makers and civil society across the globe, the result is disseminated via the SFD web portal hosted by the Sustain-able Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) platform (www.sfd.susana.org). The initiative is being managed by The Global Sector Program on Sustainable Sanitation of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Inter-nationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH) under the umbrella of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA). Since November 2014, GIZ has been supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
COURSE DIRECTORDr Suresh Kumar RohillaEmail: [email protected]
COURSE COORDINATORSDr Mahreen MattoEmail: [email protected]
Mr Bhitush LuthraEmail: [email protected]
Centre for Science and Environment41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi-110062, India
Phone: 011-40616000, 29955124 Email: [email protected]: http://www.cseindia.org
For more information:http://cseindia.org/fsm/onlinecourse.html
Candidate ProfileThe course is designed for professionals dealing with planning, promoting, designing, operating or managing FS inurban, peri-urban, slum or rural areas, in low income countriesand beyond.
Practitioners (engineers/architects/planners/ representatives ofnon-governmental organization and government officials); academicians; consultants; students pursuing courses in environment science/ management/engineering; researcherscan be benefitted from the course.
Course Fees: Rs. 10,000/-SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE !!
For scholarship and course application kindly send abrief letter of interest to [email protected]
Alliance PartnersThe Global Faecal Sludge Management e-Learning Alliance is a platform to facilitate development and empower the dissemination of knowledge on faecal sludge management (FSM) through online education, so that the sanitation challenges can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence. It also provides an enabling environment with a vibrant community of professionals who have completed the essential element of the alliance – the e-learning course on Faecal Sludge Management.
COURSE DIRECTORDr Suresh Kumar RohillaEmail: [email protected]
COURSE COORDINATORSDr Mahreen MattoEmail: [email protected]
Mr Bhitush LuthraEmail: [email protected]
Centre for Science and Environment41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi-110062, India
Phone: 011-40616000, 29955124 Email: [email protected]: http://www.cseindia.org
For more information:http://cseindia.org/fsm/onlinecourse.html
Candidate ProfileThe course is designed for professionals dealing with planning, promoting, designing, operating or managing FS inurban, peri-urban, slum or rural areas, in low income countriesand beyond.
Practitioners (engineers/architects/planners/ representatives ofnon-governmental organization and government officials); academicians; consultants; students pursuing courses in environment science/ management/engineering; researcherscan be benefitted from the course.
Course Fees: Rs. 10,000/-SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE !!
For scholarship and course application kindly send abrief letter of interest to [email protected]
Alliance PartnersThe Global Faecal Sludge Management e-Learning Alliance is a platform to facilitate development and empower the dissemination of knowledge on faecal sludge management (FSM) through online education, so that the sanitation challenges can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence. It also provides an enabling environment with a vibrant community of professionals who have completed the essential element of the alliance – the e-learning course on Faecal Sludge Management.
To get an idea of how human excreta is being disposed of, researchers looked at three channels. One is off-site system that includes sewage going into the sewer system. Second is on-site system that includes septic tanks and pit latrines. Third is open defecation. Turns out a large part of excreta is not safely disposed of. In Solapur and Srikakulam almost all the excreta is unsafely disposed of
15
6
7
10
8
911
12
13
3
4
2
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
Off-site sanitation systems
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
On-site sanitation systems
Unsafe disposalOpen defecation
All figures in %
30
1724
5023
17
8
7
15716
13
7
9
9
4124
52
19
164
43
24
6964
3
11
46 11
4320
1630
78
840
39 42
45
2
22
14
7
5114
156
134
78
1557
42
10
Agra 1
Aizawl 2
Bikaner 3
Cuttack 4
Delhi 5
Dewas 6
Gwalior 7
Kochi 8
Nashik 9
Solapur 10
Srikakulam 11
Tiruchirappalli 12
Tumkur 13
SHIT SCAN
Africa
South and South East Asia
1
2 3
4
1
3
245
6
7
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
Off-site sanitation systems
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
On-site sanitation systems
Unsafe disposalOpen defecation
All figures in %
Bigona (Senegal) 1
Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania) 2
Kumasi (Ghana) 3
Moshi (Tanzania) 4
Nakuru (Kenya) 5
Yei (South Sedan) 6
Durban (South Africa) 7
Da Nang (Vietnam) 1
Khulna (Bangladesh) 2
Hanoi (Vietnam) 3
Nonthaburi (Thailand) 4
34
41
53
26
19
25
6
79
46 (not emptied)
38
7
2
7
11
9
9
2
2
10
17
49
12
63
49
40
55
52
16
82
21
90
48
62
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
6
Purpose of an SFDSFDs are a useful tool to inform urban sanitation programming. They offer an innovative way to engage city stakeholders like po-litical leaders, sanitation experts and civil society organizations in a coordinated dialogue about ex-creta management. They can also be used for advocacy.
The SFD Promotion InitiativeThe main objective of the SFD Promotion Initiative is to continue further development of the SFD approach. This approach includes standardized guidance – a methodology and tools - for the easy production of standardized SFDs, backed by a description of information sources and the enabling environment in the city concerned. The initiative aimed to test the approach in 50 cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America and, for the benefit of sanitation prac-titioners, decision-makers and civil society across the globe, the result is disseminated via the SFD web portal hosted by the Sustain-able Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) platform (www.sfd.susana.org). The initiative is being managed by The Global Sector Program on Sustainable Sanitation of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Inter-nationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH) under the umbrella of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA). Since November 2014, GIZ has been supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
COURSE DIRECTORDr Suresh Kumar RohillaEmail: [email protected]
COURSE COORDINATORSDr Mahreen MattoEmail: [email protected]
Mr Bhitush LuthraEmail: [email protected]
Centre for Science and Environment41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi-110062, India
Phone: 011-40616000, 29955124 Email: [email protected]: http://www.cseindia.org
For more information:http://cseindia.org/fsm/onlinecourse.html
Candidate ProfileThe course is designed for professionals dealing with planning, promoting, designing, operating or managing FS inurban, peri-urban, slum or rural areas, in low income countriesand beyond.
Practitioners (engineers/architects/planners/ representatives ofnon-governmental organization and government officials); academicians; consultants; students pursuing courses in environment science/ management/engineering; researcherscan be benefitted from the course.
Course Fees: Rs. 10,000/-SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE !!
For scholarship and course application kindly send abrief letter of interest to [email protected]
Alliance PartnersThe Global Faecal Sludge Management e-Learning Alliance is a platform to facilitate development and empower the dissemination of knowledge on faecal sludge management (FSM) through online education, so that the sanitation challenges can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence. It also provides an enabling environment with a vibrant community of professionals who have completed the essential element of the alliance – the e-learning course on Faecal Sludge Management.
COURSE DIRECTORDr Suresh Kumar RohillaEmail: [email protected]
COURSE COORDINATORSDr Mahreen MattoEmail: [email protected]
Mr Bhitush LuthraEmail: [email protected]
Centre for Science and Environment41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi-110062, India
Phone: 011-40616000, 29955124 Email: [email protected]: http://www.cseindia.org
For more information:http://cseindia.org/fsm/onlinecourse.html
Candidate ProfileThe course is designed for professionals dealing with planning, promoting, designing, operating or managing FS inurban, peri-urban, slum or rural areas, in low income countriesand beyond.
Practitioners (engineers/architects/planners/ representatives ofnon-governmental organization and government officials); academicians; consultants; students pursuing courses in environment science/ management/engineering; researcherscan be benefitted from the course.
Course Fees: Rs. 10,000/-SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE !!
For scholarship and course application kindly send abrief letter of interest to [email protected]
Alliance PartnersThe Global Faecal Sludge Management e-Learning Alliance is a platform to facilitate development and empower the dissemination of knowledge on faecal sludge management (FSM) through online education, so that the sanitation challenges can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence. It also provides an enabling environment with a vibrant community of professionals who have completed the essential element of the alliance – the e-learning course on Faecal Sludge Management.
To get an idea of how human excreta is being disposed of, researchers looked at three channels. One is off-site system that includes sewage going into the sewer system. Second is on-site system that includes septic tanks and pit latrines. Third is open defecation. Turns out a large part of excreta is not safely disposed of. In Solapur and Srikakulam almost all the excreta is unsafely disposed of
15
6
7
10
8
911
12
13
3
4
2
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
Off-site sanitation systems
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
On-site sanitation systems
Unsafe disposalOpen defecation
All figures in %
30
1724
5023
17
8
7
15716
13
7
9
9
4124
52
19
164
43
24
6964
3
11
46 11
4320
1630
78
840
39 42
45
2
22
14
7
5114
156
134
78
1557
42
10
Agra 1
Aizawl 2
Bikaner 3
Cuttack 4
Delhi 5
Dewas 6
Gwalior 7
Kochi 8
Nashik 9
Solapur 10
Srikakulam 11
Tiruchirappalli 12
Tumkur 13
SHIT SCAN
Africa
South and South East Asia
1
2 3
4
1
3
245
6
7
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
Off-site sanitation systems
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
On-site sanitation systems
Unsafe disposalOpen defecation
All figures in %
Bigona (Senegal) 1
Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania) 2
Kumasi (Ghana) 3
Moshi (Tanzania) 4
Nakuru (Kenya) 5
Yei (South Sedan) 6
Durban (South Africa) 7
Da Nang (Vietnam) 1
Khulna (Bangladesh) 2
Hanoi (Vietnam) 3
Nonthaburi (Thailand) 4
34
41
53
26
19
25
6
79
46 (not emptied)
38
7
2
7
11
9
9
2
2
10
17
49
12
63
49
40
55
52
16
82
21
90
48
62
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
6
Purpose of an SFDSFDs are a useful tool to inform urban sanitation programming. They offer an innovative way to engage city stakeholders like po-litical leaders, sanitation experts and civil society organizations in a coordinated dialogue about ex-creta management. They can also be used for advocacy.
The SFD Promotion InitiativeThe main objective of the SFD Promotion Initiative is to continue further development of the SFD approach. This approach includes standardized guidance – a methodology and tools - for the easy production of standardized SFDs, backed by a description of information sources and the enabling environment in the city concerned. The initiative aimed to test the approach in 50 cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America and, for the benefit of sanitation prac-titioners, decision-makers and civil society across the globe, the result is disseminated via the SFD web portal hosted by the Sustain-able Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) platform (www.sfd.susana.org). The initiative is being managed by The Global Sector Program on Sustainable Sanitation of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Inter-nationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH) under the umbrella of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA). Since November 2014, GIZ has been supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
COURSE DIRECTORDr Suresh Kumar RohillaEmail: [email protected]
COURSE COORDINATORSDr Mahreen MattoEmail: [email protected]
Mr Bhitush LuthraEmail: [email protected]
Centre for Science and Environment41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi-110062, India
Phone: 011-40616000, 29955124 Email: [email protected]: http://www.cseindia.org
For more information:http://cseindia.org/fsm/onlinecourse.html
Candidate ProfileThe course is designed for professionals dealing with planning, promoting, designing, operating or managing FS inurban, peri-urban, slum or rural areas, in low income countriesand beyond.
Practitioners (engineers/architects/planners/ representatives ofnon-governmental organization and government officials); academicians; consultants; students pursuing courses in environment science/ management/engineering; researcherscan be benefitted from the course.
Course Fees: Rs. 10,000/-SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE !!
For scholarship and course application kindly send abrief letter of interest to [email protected]
Alliance PartnersThe Global Faecal Sludge Management e-Learning Alliance is a platform to facilitate development and empower the dissemination of knowledge on faecal sludge management (FSM) through online education, so that the sanitation challenges can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence. It also provides an enabling environment with a vibrant community of professionals who have completed the essential element of the alliance – the e-learning course on Faecal Sludge Management.
COURSE DIRECTORDr Suresh Kumar RohillaEmail: [email protected]
COURSE COORDINATORSDr Mahreen MattoEmail: [email protected]
Mr Bhitush LuthraEmail: [email protected]
Centre for Science and Environment41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi-110062, India
Phone: 011-40616000, 29955124 Email: [email protected]: http://www.cseindia.org
For more information:http://cseindia.org/fsm/onlinecourse.html
Candidate ProfileThe course is designed for professionals dealing with planning, promoting, designing, operating or managing FS inurban, peri-urban, slum or rural areas, in low income countriesand beyond.
Practitioners (engineers/architects/planners/ representatives ofnon-governmental organization and government officials); academicians; consultants; students pursuing courses in environment science/ management/engineering; researcherscan be benefitted from the course.
Course Fees: Rs. 10,000/-SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE !!
For scholarship and course application kindly send abrief letter of interest to [email protected]
Alliance PartnersThe Global Faecal Sludge Management e-Learning Alliance is a platform to facilitate development and empower the dissemination of knowledge on faecal sludge management (FSM) through online education, so that the sanitation challenges can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence. It also provides an enabling environment with a vibrant community of professionals who have completed the essential element of the alliance – the e-learning course on Faecal Sludge Management.
To get an idea of how human excreta is being disposed of, researchers looked at three channels. One is off-site system that includes sewage going into the sewer system. Second is on-site system that includes septic tanks and pit latrines. Third is open defecation. Turns out a large part of excreta is not safely disposed of. In Solapur and Srikakulam almost all the excreta is unsafely disposed of
15
6
7
10
8
911
12
13
3
4
2
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
Off-site sanitation systems
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
On-site sanitation systems
Unsafe disposalOpen defecation
All figures in %
30
1724
5023
17
8
7
15716
13
7
9
9
4124
52
19
164
43
24
6964
3
11
46 11
4320
1630
78
840
39 42
45
2
22
14
7
5114
156
134
78
1557
42
10
Agra 1
Aizawl 2
Bikaner 3
Cuttack 4
Delhi 5
Dewas 6
Gwalior 7
Kochi 8
Nashik 9
Solapur 10
Srikakulam 11
Tiruchirappalli 12
Tumkur 13
SHIT SCAN
Africa
South and South East Asia
1
2 3
4
1
3
245
6
7
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
Off-site sanitation systems
Safe disposal Unsafe disposal
On-site sanitation systems
Unsafe disposalOpen defecation
All figures in %
Bigona (Senegal) 1
Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania) 2
Kumasi (Ghana) 3
Moshi (Tanzania) 4
Nakuru (Kenya) 5
Yei (South Sedan) 6
Durban (South Africa) 7
Da Nang (Vietnam) 1
Khulna (Bangladesh) 2
Hanoi (Vietnam) 3
Nonthaburi (Thailand) 4
34
41
53
26
19
25
6
79
46 (not emptied)
38
7
2
7
11
9
9
2
2
10
17
49
12
63
49
40
55
52
16
82
21
90
48
62
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
6
SFD- Shit Flow DiagramCentre for Science and Environment
Promoting excreta (sewage and septage) flow analysis to inform urban sanitation
programming at a city-wide scale
SFD- Shit Flow Diagram
What is an SFD?An excreta flow diagram (also often described as shit flow diagram, SFD) is a tool to readily understand and communicate visualizing how excreta physically flow through a city or town. It shows how excreta are or is not contained as it moves from defecation to disposal or end-use, and the fate of all excreta generated. An accompanying report describes the service delivery context of the city or town.
It is NOT
• Based on actual volumes/mass – these are determined by other related factors
• A representation of public health risk (risk = hazard x behavior)
• A precise scientific analytical tool
It is
• A tool for engineers, planners and decision-makers
• Based on contributing populations and an indication of where their excreta (septage or sewage) goes
• A representation of public health hazard
• An effective communications and advocacy tool
• An overview from which to develop sanitation priorities
About CSECentre for Science and Environment (CSE) is New Delhi based independent public research organization that aims to analyze and study the relationship between environment and development and create public consciousness about the need for sustainable development. The centre was set up in 1980 and is globally acknowledged for its intellec-tual leadership, policy advocacy and capacity building.
In 2012 CSE has published 7th report - India’s first and most comprehensive survey of water and sewage manage-ment in a two volume set publication title – ‘Excreta Matters’. The publication is based on data and information col-lected from over 71 cities in different agro-climatic zones on all aspects of water management (sourcing, treat-ment (water and waste), supply, pricing and equity etc). The book outlines an approach towards sustainable water and sewage management in Indian cities.
Background of Research In 2012-2013 the Water and Sanita-tion Program (WSP) of the World Bank carried out an analysis of excreta man-agement in 12 cities and developed new tools for assessing the context and outcomes relating to the flow of excreta through the city.
Building on this work, in 2014 the centre partnered with a group of institutions active in the field of excreta manage-ment to promote excreta flow analysis (septage and sewage) to inform urban sanitation programming through the service delivery assessment tool - Shit Flow Diagrams (SFDs), developed by Wa-ter and Sanitation Programme - World Bank. CSE has prepared SFDs for 11 cities in India as part of the above initiative.
Contact for further informationSFD Initiative Co-ordinator ([email protected])
Centre for Science and Environment, 41-Tuglakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi–110062Tel. 91- 11 -40616000 Fax. 91-11-29955879 Website: www.cseindia.org
SFD Promotion Initiative - Consortium Partners
WW: Waste WaterFS: Faecal Sludge SN: Supernatant
City name and date of productionDesk based / Field based
SFD- Shit Flow DiagramCentre for Science and Environment
Promoting excreta (sewage and septage) flow analysis to inform urban sanitation
programming at a city-wide scale
SFD- Shit Flow Diagram
What is an SFD?An excreta flow diagram (also often described as shit flow diagram, SFD) is a tool to readily understand and communicate visualizing how excreta physically flow through a city or town. It shows how excreta are or is not contained as it moves from defecation to disposal or end-use, and the fate of all excreta generated. An accompanying report describes the service delivery context of the city or town.
It is NOT
• Based on actual volumes/mass – these are determined by other related factors
• A representation of public health risk (risk = hazard x behavior)
• A precise scientific analytical tool
It is
• A tool for engineers, planners and decision-makers
• Based on contributing populations and an indication of where their excreta (septage or sewage) goes
• A representation of public health hazard
• An effective communications and advocacy tool
• An overview from which to develop sanitation priorities
About CSECentre for Science and Environment (CSE) is New Delhi based independent public research organization that aims to analyze and study the relationship between environment and development and create public consciousness about the need for sustainable development. The centre was set up in 1980 and is globally acknowledged for its intellec-tual leadership, policy advocacy and capacity building.
In 2012 CSE has published 7th report - India’s first and most comprehensive survey of water and sewage manage-ment in a two volume set publication title – ‘Excreta Matters’. The publication is based on data and information col-lected from over 71 cities in different agro-climatic zones on all aspects of water management (sourcing, treat-ment (water and waste), supply, pricing and equity etc). The book outlines an approach towards sustainable water and sewage management in Indian cities.
Background of Research In 2012-2013 the Water and Sanita-tion Program (WSP) of the World Bank carried out an analysis of excreta man-agement in 12 cities and developed new tools for assessing the context and outcomes relating to the flow of excreta through the city.
Building on this work, in 2014 the centre partnered with a group of institutions active in the field of excreta manage-ment to promote excreta flow analysis (septage and sewage) to inform urban sanitation programming through the service delivery assessment tool - Shit Flow Diagrams (SFDs), developed by Wa-ter and Sanitation Programme - World Bank. CSE has prepared SFDs for 11 cities in India as part of the above initiative.
Contact for further informationSFD Initiative Co-ordinator ([email protected])
Centre for Science and Environment, 41-Tuglakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi–110062Tel. 91- 11 -40616000 Fax. 91-11-29955879 Website: www.cseindia.org
SFD Promotion Initiative - Consortium Partners
WW: Waste WaterFS: Faecal Sludge SN: Supernatant
City name and date of productionDesk based / Field based
