Promotion of Sound Promotion of Sound MaterialMaterial--Cycle Society in Cycle Society in J d 3R I i i iJ d 3R I i i iJapan and 3R InitiativeJapan and 3R Initiative

Masayoshi NamikiMasayoshi NamikiVice Minister of the EnvironmentVice Minister of the Environment, ,

Ministry of the EnvironmentMinistry of the Environment of Japanof JapanApril 2008April 2008

1.1. Japan’s ExperienceJapan’s Experience

2. Development of the 22. Development of the 2ndnd Fundamental Plan for Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material Cycle SocietyEstablishing a Sound Material Cycle Society

33 Promotion of the 3R InitiativePromotion of the 3R Initiative

OutlineOutline

3.3. Promotion of the 3R InitiativePromotion of the 3R Initiative

1. Japan’s Experience1. Japan’s Experience1. Japan s Experience1. Japan s Experience

• Past policy measures of waste management were far fromadequate. A “sweep the trouble under the carpet” attitudeprevailed.

• The “cheaper but worse” style was common in waste treatment.

Japan Was Faced With Serious Waste IssuesJapan Was Faced With Serious Waste IssuesJapan Was Faced With Serious Waste IssuesJapan Was Faced With Serious Waste Issues

Huge-scale illegal dumping of wasteAccumulation of hazardous waste such as PCB

[Improper waste management by open incineration] [Huge-scale illegal waste dumping] [Improper storage of PCB waste]

Source: Ministry of the Environment

Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law

Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources

Fundamental Environmental Law

(Establishment of General Systems)

Fundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society

Legislative Framework Legislative Framework to Establish a Sound Materialto Establish a Sound Material--Cycle SocietyCycle Society

Legislative Framework Legislative Framework to Establish a Sound Materialto Establish a Sound Material--Cycle SocietyCycle Society

1994．8

2001．1

Public Cleansing Law Utilization of Resources

Container and Packaging

Recycling Law

Home Appliances

Recycling Law

Construction Materials

Recycling Law

Food Wastes Recycling Law

End-of-life Vehicles

Recycling Law

Law on Promoting Green Purchasing

(Regulations according to the Characteristics of Respective Items)

2000．4

2001．5

2002．52001．4

2005．1Glass containers, PET bottles, Paper and plastic containers and wrapping and others

Air conditioner, refrigerator and freezer, CRT-TV, and washing machine

Food waste

Waste wood, concrete, asphalt

Automobiles

※LCD-TV, Plasma display TV, and Machine Clothes Dryer are now under consideration to be added.

※Partially revised in 2007 to introduce the concept of recycle loop.

2. Development of the 2nd 2. Development of the 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Fundamental Plan for Establishing a

S d M t i l C l S i tS d M t i l C l S i tSound Material Cycle SocietySound Material Cycle Society

Realize “Sustainable Society” by integrating with activities to realize “low carbon society” and “nature harmonious society”

Stock-based Society”

“final disposal amount” improves towards year 2010 targets .Need to respond to global environmental issues such as worldwide resource limitation as well as global warming

Necessary to further develop sound material cycle societies by the 3Rs

Current situation and Issues

Mid-to-long term image of SMS

・Campaign of life style change

・Partnership with stakeholders and implementation of nation-wide activities

・implementation of the 3Rs・inter-industrial collaboration

・Interface of collaboration and partnership・information dissemination

Mutual collaboration of every stakeholders

・Partnership among stakeholders and implementation of nation-wide activities

Activities of stakeholders

○NGO/NPO and Universities and others

○Citizens

○Local governments

○Businesses

○National government

○Partnership and Collaboration

Overview of the 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material Cycle Society

Realize “Stock-based Society” Regionally-characteristic SMS(Spheres of sound material cycle) ,

Indicators and targets

(1) Numerical target setting（FY 2015）

① 「Input」：Resource Productivity → 420 thousand yen/ton（60% increase from

FY2000）② 「Recycle」：Cyclical use Rate → about 14-15%

（40-50% increase from FY 2000）

③ 「Output」：Final Disposal Amount → about 23 million tons（about 60% reduction from

FY2000）

(1) Numerical target setting

① Reduction of municipal solid waste② Reduction of final disposal of industrial waste

→ About 60% reduction from FY 2000③ Changes in awareness and actions of citizens

→ awareness: about 90% actions: about 50%④ Promotion of Sound Material Cycle Businesses

→ Double the market for Sound Material Cycle businessesfrom FY 2000

【【11 MaterialMaterial FlowFlow––basedbased IndicatorsIndicators】】 【【22 IndicesIndices relatedrelated toto efforteffort】】

１

Material Flow-based Indicators -Indicators with target setting-

Resource Productivity and cyclinical use rate 5

10

15

20

25

,5

,10

,15

,20

,25

,30

,35

,40

,45

,50

Cyclinicaluse rate（%

）

Resource productivity (ten thousand yen/ton)

Resource productivity（Ten thousand yen/ ton）

Cyclinical use rate（％）

(10）

●30% Increase from the current ●Old target

●60% improvement over 15 years

(12.2）

(14）(14～15）

（42）

（37）

（33）

（26）

30% Increase

The 2nd Plan2000→2015•Resource Productivity 260 thousand yen/ton→ 420 thousand yen/ton （60% increase）

•Cyclical use Rate 10%→ about 14-15%（40-50% increase）

•Final Disposal Amount 57 million tons→ about 23 million tons（about 60% reduction）

The 1st Plan2000→2010•Resource Productivity

Final disposal

６

32.41 million tons

About 23 million tons

● 30% improvement of the target from current target

-70% ●Current target

1990 2005 2015

About 28 million tons2010

-30%

109.09 million tons

0 ,0 '90 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15

FY

57.10 million tons

●Realize reduction of final disposal proud to the world

2000

•Resource Productivity 260 thousand yen/ton→ 370 thousand yen/ton （40% increase）

•Cyclical use Rate 10%→ 14%（40 increase）

•Final Disposal Amount 57 million tons→ about 28 million tons（about 50% reduction）

Drastic Reduction of generated from Waste Incineration Drastic Reduction of generated from Waste Incineration Drastic Reduction of generated from Waste Incineration Drastic Reduction of generated from Waste Incineration

New regulation values applied in December 2002

Enactment of new guidelines

*2004 values and target reduction values are shown as percentages of 2003 values.

5,000

1,500

1,100

3,000

4,500

6,000

ioxi

n G

ener

ated

gra

ms/

year

Industrial waste incinerationMunicipal waste incineration

6,500

2,650

2,040

1,550

1,100

1,350

690

1,018

555

812

533

370265

7174

6469

5150

0

1,500

Qua

ntity

of D

io

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Targetreduction

value (2020)

145

(Approximately98% of 1997 level)

133(-8%)*

101(-30%)*

2,0401,573 1,345

635

38,495 7,284 2,541

1,444

,0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

The amount of treatedof Municipal Waste ( thousand tons )

Year 2005

Direct incineration

Intermediate treatment such as RecyclingDirect Recycling

Direct landfill49764

77% incinerated

for Recycling

Japan’s Contribution to Establish International Sound Material Cycle Society

Current situation：Increase in world wide waste generation by economic development of each country including those of AsiaRapid increase in transboundary movement of recyclable resources because of the progress of recycling and increase in resource demands

→Possible environmental pollution caused by improper treatment or cyclinical use of recyclable resources（such as E-waste issues）

International movement of recyclable resources

Asia a

re

Japan’s contribution to establish international sound material cycle societyDevelopment of international cooperation such as “New Action Plan to Promote Global Zero-Waste Societies ” to promote the 3Rs in Asia in the world

○ Dissemination of intuitions, technologies and experience of the 3Rs of JapanWorld-wide promotion of the 3Rs from Asia to Africa through various measures including assistance of 3R

National Strategy Making, international cooperation to establish Eco-towns, and promotion of safe and sanitary treatment of night soil

a and

oth

er reg

ion

sG

8and

o

thers

sanitary treatment of night soil.○ Realization of Sound Material Cycle in East Asia

・ Support bilateral policy dialogue and multilateral process towards making “Vision of a Sound Material Cycle Society in East Asia”

・Share basic understanding on the concept of the 3Rs○ Asian Information and Research Network on the 3Rs

Support the 3R efforts of each country by sharing information on policy and experience of the 3Rs

○ Contribution to efforts to improve resource productivity・Take a leadership in the G8 in promoting the 3R Initiative such as improving resource

productivity・Promote international collaborative research on material flow-based indicators such as

resource productivity by taking environmental impact assessment into account

→Support the OECD’s work on material flow and resource productivity →Support UNEP International Panel on Sustainable Resource Management

(1) Build a sound material-cycle society in each country (2) Develop and reinforce activities to prevent the illegal trade of wastes(3) Then, facilitate utilization of recyclable resources through international trade

3. Promotion of the 3R Initiative3. Promotion of the 3R Initiative3. Promotion of the 3R Initiative3. Promotion of the 3R Initiative

♦Agreed by Heads of State at the G8 Sea Island Summit in the U.S. in June 2004 as an effort to construct a sound material-cycle society through reduction, reuse, and recycling (3Rs) of waste.

♦ Launched at Ministerial Conference on the 3R Initiative in April 2005♦Senior Officials Meeting held in March 2006

★St. Petersburg Summit in July 2006・Agreed to set targets as appropriate taking account of resource productivity

Objectives of the 3R Initiative

3R Initiative3R Initiative3R Initiative3R Initiative

Senior Officials Meeting on the 3R Initiative , October 2007 （Bonn, Germany）

○Confirm the progress of the 3R-related

12

1 Promote the 3Rs in each country

2 Lower barriers to international flow

3 Promote cooperation among stakeholders

4 Promote science and technologysuitable for the 3Rs

5 Cooperate with developing countries

March 2008 The 2nd Asia 3R Conference

（Tokyo, Japan）

May 2008 G8 Environment Ministers Meeting (Kobe, Japan)

July 2008 G8 Summit (Hokkaido Toyako)

○Confirm the progress of the 3R-related efforts in each country

○Japan proposed the future directions of the 3R Initiative

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) International Panel on Sustainable Resource Management

Development of ＯＥＣＤ Council Recommendation on Resource Productivity

OECD EPOC has discussed about a new Council Recommendation on Resource Productivity.The new recommendation will be endorsed at OECD Environmental Ministers Meeting next week. It is to recommend OECD member countries to implement the following:

・Analysis of Material Flow and its environmental impacts(Development and utilization of indicators for evaluation, development of data and so on)

・Policy for improving resource Productivity (Consideration of use of material flow information for planning purpose including target setting, life-cycle approach including the 3Rs)

Accumulation of scientific knowledge towards sustainable use of natural resources

Established by UNEP in November 2007. Panel members: 20 world-renown scientists

Mission：

• To accumulate latest information and establish knowledge base on usage of natural resource and its environmental impacts

• To provide independent scientific assessment on environmental impacts of selected resources and products

• Capacity development of developing countries

Theme：

g

・Metal resource・Biofuels・Freshwater resources・Capacity development of developing countries

Asia 3R Conference (October 2006,

Held Policy Dialogues in Asia Supporting the formulation of3R promotion strategies inindividual countries

DisseminateJapan’s experience

・Increasing quantitiesand diversifyingqualities of wastes

・Transboundary movementof waste and circulativeresources

・Soaring resource pricesProblems

⇒More efficient use of resources and materials, and reduction of environmental impact

Promotion of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and appropriatemanagement of wastesApproach

Promotion of the 3Rs in AsiaPromotion of the 3Rs in AsiaPromotion of the 3Rs in AsiaPromotion of the 3Rs in Asia

Establish a Sound Material Cycle Society in Asian region Establish a Sound Material Cycle Society in Asian region as a Winas a Win--Win solutionWin solution

Asia 3R Conference (October 2006, Tokyo, )Eco-Asia 2007 (September 2007, Fukuoka)

Supported the formulation of 3Rpromotion strategies in Thailand, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Indonesia.･JICA Malaysia Waste ReductionPlan Survey

individual countries

Published a report summarizingJapan’s experience in wasteand recycling resources

Japan’s experience

･Implemented regional action plansfor e-waste appropriatemanagement in Asia and Pacific.･Constructing appropriate usedgoods recycling systems in Asia.

Asian network for the prevention ofillegal export and import ofhazardous wastes･Formulating internationalguidelines to ensure appropriateexport and import

E-waste measuresPrevention of illegalexport and import

Activities

Collaboration with international organisations

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and thePacific (ESCAP), United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD), Basel ConventionSecretariat, Asia Development Bank (ADB), Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

Thematic Working Group on Solid and Hazardous Waste in August 2007Japan act as the TWG chair

Regional Forum on Environment and Health

•Support establishing 3R Knowledge Hub•Support Expert Meeting on Waste Management in Asia-Pacific Islands

Development of Hub for accumulating information and technologyDevelopment of research network

Domestic Circulation

(1) Placing priority on improvement of the domestic 3R capacity

When (1) and (2) are Domestic

Taking measures based on the characteristics of each circulative resource (CR)

Basic Approach toward an International Sound Basic Approach toward an International Sound MaterialMaterial--Cycle SocietyCycle Society

Transfer of appropriate technology

Reinforcement of measures against the improper transfer of CR in the international community

(2) Simultaneously enhancing and reinforcing activities to prevent illegal import/export of waste

National boundary

International Circulation

When (1) and (2) are successfully implemented, (3)Facilitating import/export of CR as complementary to domestic circulation in each country

Domestic Circulation

Reduction of the environmental burden on the whole of the region through various measures including management of hazardous substances

Developed countries should use their advanced technology for effective utilization of CR that other countries are not able to recycle.

Source: documents from the Central Environmental Council

Japan proposes future directions of the 3R Initiative as the chair of the G8 in 2008

・ Prioritized implementation of the 3R policy and increase in resource productivity

・Pursuit of co-benefits with measures to reduce green house gas

Future Direction of the 3R InitiativeFuture Direction of the 3R InitiativeFuture Direction of the 3R InitiativeFuture Direction of the 3R Initiative

Pursuit of co benefits with measures to reduce green house gas emissions

・International collaboration towards capacity development of the developing countries and others.

Taking account of international process

Major Schedule of International Promotion of the 3Rs (2007-2008)

May July

G8 S

um

mit（To

y

G

8En

viron

men

tal Min

Feb.

Senior

（Bo

July Aug. Sep. Nov. Mar.

Local hearing and public com

ment

Developed a guideline

for new fundam

ental plan“R

eview p

rocess o

f F

un

dam

ental P

lan o

n S

MS

Apr.

OE

CM

e

Dec. Jan.Oct.

G

Cab

inet d

ecision

on

the

new

fun

dam

ental p

lan

Reflect the result of the past three reviews and check processes

Collaboration with various stakeholders

Organized several expert meetingso

yako, H

okkaid

o , Ju

ly 7-9）

inisters M

eeting

(Ko

be, M

ay

24-

26)

ior Officials M

eeting on the

3R

InitiativeB

onn Germ

anyO

ct.

4-

6）

OE

CD

Environm

ental Ministers

Meeting

（Paris, A

pril

28-

29）

OE

CD

Japan Sem

inar

（Tokyo Sept.

26-

27）

Lau

nch

of th

e Intern

ation

al Pan

el for

Su

stainab

le Reso

urce M

anag

emen

t

（Hungary

Nov.

8-

9）

UN

EP

Workshop

（TokyoS

ept.

25）

EC

D M

inisterial Council

eeting

（Paris, July

）

OE

CD

and

UN

EP

G

8

Asia an

d o

thers

International Promotion of the

3R Initiative

OE

CD

and UN

EP

International C

onference (Paris, A

pril

23-

25）

The

9th TE

MM

Meeting

(Toyam

a, Dec.

4-

5）

TIC

ADⅣ

（Yokoham

a, May

28-

30）

East A

sia Sum

mit

（Singapore, N

ov.21）

Regional F

orum on

Environm

ent and Health in

Southeast and E

ast Asian

Countries

（Bangkok

Aug.

9）

OECD Working Group Meetings(Consideration of Council Recommendation on Resource Efficiency)

Jan.-Feb.

Eco-Asia(FukuokaSept. 7)

SWAPI(Okayama Nov. 7-9)

Asia 3R Conference(Tokyo Mar. 18-19)

TWG of Regional Forum of

Environment and Health(Singapore Feb. 28-29)

SW

AP

I (July)