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IPE Young Corporate Leader
Voice & Speech
Workshop 2
Voice & Speech
Workshop 2
Session Session
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
OverviewOverview
Session 1Session 1
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Vowel sound classification
• Vowel Sounds
Monothongs/ pure vowels
- Long and short vowel sounds
Combination sounds
- Diphthongs
- Thiphthongs
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
MonothongsThe Vowel sounds are paired as short & long.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Short Vowel sounds Long Vowel sound
i (ih) - Fish, Pig, Kitten i: (ee) - Key, Bee, Feet
ə (erh) - Computer, producer, over Ʒ: (uhh) – bird, thirteen, curd
Ʌ (Ah) – cub, butter, punch a: (aah) – car, dark, blast
Ʊ(uh) – Good, Pudding, Would u: (ooh) – blue, shoe, do
D (Aw) - Dog, Frog, Block ɔ: (oo) – door, more, four
ӕ(ae)- Map, Cat, Rat
e(eh) - Egg, Bell, Elephant
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Diphthongs
Combination of two vowel sounds.• [aʊ] as in house (auw)• [aɪ] as in kite (i)• [eɪ] as in same (ay)• [juː] as in few (eu)• [ɔɪ] as in join (oi)• [ɪə] as in fear (ea)• [ɛə] as in hair (ae)• [ʊə] as in tour, poor (ooah)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Practice
e – ӕ Sound
He led the lad home.
Anna sat down after losing the first set.
Let’s bet on Sachin’s bat.
He went to bed with a bad cold.
She was happy to go out with her hen-pecked husband.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Practice
i – i:Sound
These shoes fit my feet.
She had a meal at the mill.
There are sheep on the ship.
Give me a kiss for the keys.
The beat was a bit strong.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Practice
ə and Ʒ: sound
The bird flew over the car.
The girl shook hands with the director.
He bought a dozen of curd packets.
I heard him talk about the procedure.
That dress compliments her figure.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
PracticeɅ and a: sound
She threw the cup into the car.
I have a gut feeling that he will come last.
Complete your tasks on time.
He pointed a gun at the masked man.
Utter the word ‘cast’ with me.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
PracticeƱ and u: sound
That was a good move.
He grew up in the woods.
Who would be the class leader?
Look for the loop hole.
There is too much information in the book.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
PracticeD and ɔ: sound
Four dogs chased me down the alley.
We need more clocks in the house.
Do not touch the hot ore.
Author told the story is over.
The cot is low.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Tie new coin night
Dear cow bear gate
Paid decoy join height
Tour care dew sane
Poor ground where beer
Boy way here sure
Hair conjure deer queue
Buy few down town
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Practice - Diphthong
Practice – Diphthong rearranged
down cow ground town
tie buy height night
way paid gate sane
few new dew queue
join boy coin decoy
deer dear here beer
hair where care bear
tour poor sure conjure
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Common confusables – [ɛə] and [ʊə]
AIR EAR
Care, chair, Clair Clear, cheer
Glare Gear
Lair Leer
Pare, pair, pear Peer, pier
Tear, there, their Tear, tier
Dare Deer, dear
Bare, bear Beer
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress
Let us look at examples:
1. I didn’t say he stole the money2. I didn’t say he stole the money3. I didn’t say he stole the money4. I didn’t say he stole the money5. I didn’t say he stole the money6. I didn’t say he stole the money7. I didn’t say he stole the money
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Let us look at the sentences again:
1. I didn’t say he stole the money - someone else did2. I didn’t say he stole the money- that’s not true at all3. I didn’t say he stole the money- I only suggested it4. I didn’t say he stole the money- someone else took it5. I didn’t say he stole the money- he may have borrowed 6. I didn’t say he stole the money- but rather some other money7. I didn’t say he stole the money- He may have taken jewelry
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Word stress - techniques
Rule 1: contrasting words.
• She learned cooking but never used that skill.• She studied French but did not enjoy it.• Mary speaks Spanish but she teaches Portuguese.
Contrasts are stressed because they denote two opposite meanings, and therefore require emphasis.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Word stress - techniquesRule 2: opinions
• I believe he is intelligent but you may differ from me
• It looks like a gun but it is a dummy.
• I feel they are extremely happy about the incident.
Opinions are stressed since they denote strong perceptions. However, if there are nouns in the sentence, the nouns get more emphasis than the verbs.
Harry believes he is intelligent but you may differ from him.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 3: Negation and contractions.
• I can’t do anything about it• I won’t do it for a million bucks• She shouldn’t be going out alone
All contractions are not stressed. Only the ones which carry the essence of negation. Otherwise, the words that indicates proposition are stressed.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 4: Adjective phrases.
• A beautiful girl• A lovely rose• A delicious meal• A refreshing drink• An amazing journey• The lonely man
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 5: Compound Noun phrases / combination words & acronyms.
• A hotdog• A businessman• A matchstick
The stress falls on the first word
CIA ISI CGPA GPRS
In acronyms, the last letter will be stressed.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 6: word stress
There is only one syllable in a word that gets stressed
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Organize Organization
Industry Industrial Industrialization
Technology Technological
Represent Representative Representation
Atom Atomic
Communicate Communication
Photograph Photographer
Rule 6: word stress tips
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
-ology -tion -lity -ic/-ics -ical Biology Station Ability Physics PracticalSociology Relation Facility Dynamic PhysicalTechnology Production Utility Logistics Critical Astrology Specialization Capability Statistics Statistical
Theology Amortization Comprehensibility Gymnastics Logical
-ically -ial -ially -ious -meter
Basically Official Financially Pious Kilometer
Statistically Commercial Essentially Obvious Thermometer
Logically Crucial Substantially Notorious Odometer
Practically Artificial Commercially Ceremonious Barometer
Economically Facial Conscious Speedometer
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 7: In long phrases/ sentences, do not use exactly the
same level of intonation to stress words twice in a row.
• I tried to cook a delicious meal for her• Our meeting schedule is flexible this afternoon
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 8: With close ended questions (When answer is a Yes or No), intonation rises at the end of the Question.
Are you married?
With open ended questions (That cannot be answered in a yes or no), the intonation drops at the end of the statement or though group.
How Long have your worked?
Three Years
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Rule 9: Choices
Stress will rise on the first choice or all the choices before the last one and down/ no stress for the final option to indicate end of the choices.
Do you want red, black or yellow?
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Word stress - techniques
Practice word stress
I attended the seminar by my favorite speaker. During the seminar, he looked intensely at me, but did not talk to me. So I thought I should volunteer and went near him to talk. But he wouldn’t open his mouth to talk to me. I was completely embarrassed. I requested the housekeeper to arrange a different seat for me in the last row, though the discussion topic was the DNA of my research work. After the seminar, I asked him ‘do you really not talk to any audience?’ and he answered ‘yes’ and I asked him ‘why is it so?’, but he did not answer. So, I asked him ‘do you want to talk to me, or not?’
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice – Monothongs
Practice – Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Intonation
Rise and fall in pitch is intonation.
A. He is going tomorrow. :CORRECTB. He is going tomorrow? : INCORRECT
A drops at the end, making it a statement.
B rises at the end, making it a question.
The distinctive use of different patterns of pitch that carry meaningful information.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Types of intonation
• Fall• Rise• Rise - Fall• Fall - Rise• Level• Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Types of intonation
• Fall• Rise• Rise - Fall• Fall - Rise• Level• Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Fall: neutral statement, conclusion
Have you seen Kamal?
Yes. (Falling intonation)
Indicates - ‘I have answered your question and do not intend to add anything else’
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Types of intonation
• Fall• Rise• Rise - Fall• Fall - Rise• Level• Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Rise: questioning, doubt, desire to continue conversation
Have you seen kamal lately?
Yes… (Rising intonation)
Indicates - ‘I want to continue the conversation, I am curious’)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Types of intonation
• Fall• Rise• Rise - Fall• Fall - Rise• Level• Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Rise-Fall: emphatic statement, irritation, command
Do I really have to clean my
room?
Yes!
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Types of intonation
• Fall• Rise• Rise - Fall• Fall - Rise• Level• Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Fall-Rise: surprise, scepticism
Kamal and Priya were on good terms at the party.
Really!
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Types of intonation
• Fall• Rise• Rise - Fall• Fall - Rise• Level• Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Level: boredom, lack of interest
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Can you remember Kamal, the host
for our college annual function?
Yes.
Types of intonation
• Fall• Rise• Rise - Fall• Fall - Rise• Level• Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Sentence stress
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Has focus word – intonation on focus word depending on what message needs to be conveyed.
Focus word – Yes; Rise – fall (emphatic statement, irritation, command)
Focus word – Yes
Head adds meaning to the sentence and is stressed.
Head – Told ; all the words that follow the head word will have same level pitch.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Sentence stress
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Focus word – Yes; words that follow will have end intonation pattern of the focus word.
Head – Told ; all the words that follow the head word will have same level pitch.
Rise – Fall (Irritation)
Sentence stress
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Sentence stress
Focus word – Told (rise – fall) - Empathy
Sentence stress – fall rise (Surprised, Shocked)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Focus word – might + buy
If 1st focus word is ‘rise-fall’ then, 2nd word will follow opposite ‘fall-rise’.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Sentence stress – rise fall
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Focus word – might +buy
Words between 1st & 2nd focus words will follow the end intonation of the focus word before them.
Sentence stress – distanced focus word
Practice Intonation
1. The first student to finish can go early
2. Sadly, Maurice has gone away
3. The person who was watching me left a ticket behind
4. Alan couldn't make it so Ken took his place
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Questions!
???????
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Thank you