PropertProperties of ies of

MatterMatter

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties How would you describe an orange to someone How would you describe an orange to someone

who has never seen one?who has never seen one? Orange in colorOrange in color RoundRound Waxy feel to the rindWaxy feel to the rind JuicyJuicy SweetSweet

Each of these is a physical propertyEach of these is a physical property Anything that can be observed or measured without Anything that can be observed or measured without

changing the matter’s identitychanging the matter’s identity Without changing what the matter isWithout changing what the matter is

Examples of physical propertiesExamples of physical properties

ColorColorShapeShapeOdorOdorMassMassVolumeVolume

•Magnetism

•Conducting electricity

•strength

•flexability

Physical properties cont’dPhysical properties cont’d

Using physical properties every day:Using physical properties every day:The “smell” test for dirty clothesThe “smell” test for dirty clothesColor of fruit to see if its gone badColor of fruit to see if its gone badOdor of milk to see if it has spoiledOdor of milk to see if it has spoiled

DensityDensity Density is the amount of Density is the amount of matter in a given space matter in a given space (volume)(volume)

In a density column, like the In a density column, like the one at right, layers are formed one at right, layers are formed based on the density of each based on the density of each liquidliquid The more dense something is, The more dense something is,

the more mass there is in itthe more mass there is in it All of these liquids have the same All of these liquids have the same

volume but not the same massvolume but not the same mass The heaviest liquids will sink to the The heaviest liquids will sink to the

bottom because they are the most bottom because they are the most densedense

DensityDensity

Density is found by dividing the mass of an Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volumeobject by its volume

D = m/vD = m/vThe unit for density is a unit of mass The unit for density is a unit of mass

divided by a unit of volumedivided by a unit of volumeEx: g/cmEx: g/cm33 or g/mL or kg/m or g/mL or kg/m33

Density practiceDensity practice What is the density of an object with a mass of 120 g and a What is the density of an object with a mass of 120 g and a

volume of 7 mL?volume of 7 mL?

We have an object with a density of 620 g/cmWe have an object with a density of 620 g/cm33 and a volume and a volume of 75 cmof 75 cm33. What is the mass of the object?. What is the mass of the object?

Density practiceDensity practice

Now let’s practiceNow let’s practice

The states of matterThe states of matter

The states of matter are the physical forms The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can existin which a substance can existSolid (IE: Ice)Solid (IE: Ice)Liquid (IE: drinking water)Liquid (IE: drinking water)Gas (IE: steam)Gas (IE: steam)

The difference in the statesThe difference in the states

All matter is made up of tiny particles All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and moleculescalled atoms and moleculesThese atoms and molecules are constantly in These atoms and molecules are constantly in

motion and bumping into one anothermotion and bumping into one anotherThe way these particles interact determines The way these particles interact determines

what state a substance is inwhat state a substance is in

The different states cont’dThe different states cont’dSolids: the state of Solids: the state of

matter that has a definite matter that has a definite shape and volumeshape and volume IE: wood, ice, a metal pipeIE: wood, ice, a metal pipe In a solid, the particles are In a solid, the particles are

very close togethervery close togetherThe particles only vibrate The particles only vibrate in in

placeplace, they do not move , they do not move from their immediate from their immediate locationlocation

KE is lowKE is low

The different states cont’dThe different states cont’d Liquids: the state of matter Liquids: the state of matter

that has a definite volume, that has a definite volume, but not a definite shapebut not a definite shape IE: tap water, soup broth, IE: tap water, soup broth,

rubbing alcoholrubbing alcoholThe particles of a liquid The particles of a liquid

can move past each can move past each other so that the liquid other so that the liquid takes the shape of the takes the shape of the containercontainerThe particles do not move The particles do not move

freely from one anotherfreely from one anotherSome KESome KE

Gas: the state of Gas: the state of matter with no definite matter with no definite shape or volumeshape or volume IE: steam, oxygen, IE: steam, oxygen,

heliumheliumThe particles move The particles move

quickly and freely from quickly and freely from each othereach other

High KEHigh KE

The different states cont’dThe different states cont’d

Chemical PropertiesChemical PropertiesDescribe matter based on its ability to Describe matter based on its ability to

change into new matter that has different change into new matter that has different propertiespropertiesEx: flammability is the ability of a substance to Ex: flammability is the ability of a substance to

burnburnWood is flammable – when it burns, it turns to ashWood is flammable – when it burns, it turns to ash

Ex: Reactivity is the ability of two or more Ex: Reactivity is the ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or substances to combine and form one or more new substancesmore new substances

Examples of chemical Examples of chemical propertiespropertiesFlammabilityFlammability

The ability to catch on fireThe ability to catch on fire toxicitytoxicity

The ability to be poisonousThe ability to be poisonousoxidationoxidation

The ability to react with The ability to react with oxygenoxygen Why apples turn brown Why apples turn brown

and metal rustsand metal rustscombustioncombustion

The ability to explode and The ability to explode and burnburn

What’s the difference between What’s the difference between the two types of properties/?the two types of properties/?

Physical properties can be observed Physical properties can be observed (changing the size, color, shape of a (changing the size, color, shape of a substance)substance)

You can’t always easily see chemical You can’t always easily see chemical properties (you can’t know if something is properties (you can’t know if something is flammable until you try to set it on fire)flammable until you try to set it on fire)

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Physical changes only affect one or more Physical changes only affect one or more physical properties physical properties of matterof matterEven though its melted, this is still a popsicleEven though its melted, this is still a popsicle

You can still You can still get the get the

original substance original substance

back back if it has gone if it has gone

through a physical changethrough a physical change What are some other What are some other

examples of physical changes?examples of physical changes?

Examples of physical changesExamples of physical changes

Ripped paper Ripped paper

smashing up your car

Sanding wood

Why are these all physical changes?

Chemical changesChemical changes Happen when one or more substances are Happen when one or more substances are

changed into new substances that have new changed into new substances that have new and different propertiesand different properties

Signs of chemical changes: Signs of chemical changes: change in color or odor, change in color or odor, production of heat,production of heat, bubbling, bubbling, sound or light being given offsound or light being given off

Once a chemical change has occurred, you can Once a chemical change has occurred, you can rarely get back the original substancesrarely get back the original substances Chemical changes change the composition (type) of Chemical changes change the composition (type) of

the matter involvedthe matter involved

What’s the difference between What’s the difference between the two types of changes?the two types of changes?

Most physical changes are easily reversibleMost physical changes are easily reversible Because you are changing what the matter looks Because you are changing what the matter looks

like, not the actual matter itselflike, not the actual matter itself

You can not reverse chemical changes You can not reverse chemical changes because you are left with new substancesbecause you are left with new substances You have not only changed what the matter looks like, You have not only changed what the matter looks like,

but the actual matter into something newbut the actual matter into something new

Which one is it?Which one is it? Are the following Are the following

physical or chemical physical or chemical changes?changes?

boiling water boiling water tearing clothes tearing clothes tarnishing silver tarnishing silver lighting a match lighting a match chewing a food chewing a food breaking a stick breaking a stick rusting nail rusting nail burning gas in a stove burning gas in a stove melting ice cream melting ice cream sawing wood sawing wood digesting food for energy digesting food for energy stretching a rubber band stretching a rubber band

ReviewReview1.1. Explain why a golf ball is denser than a ping Explain why a golf ball is denser than a ping

pong ball even though they are the same sizepong ball even though they are the same size

2.2. How can you determine that a coin is not pure How can you determine that a coin is not pure silver if you know the mass and volume of the silver if you know the mass and volume of the coin?coin?

3.3. The Statue of Liberty was originally a copper The Statue of Liberty was originally a copper color. After being exposed to the air, she color. After being exposed to the air, she turned a greenish color. Did a physical or turned a greenish color. Did a physical or chemical change take place? How do you chemical change take place? How do you know?know?

4.4. Describe the difference between physical and Describe the difference between physical and chemical changes in terms of what happens to chemical changes in terms of what happens to the matter involved in each kind of changethe matter involved in each kind of change