Property Library for the Industrial ... - thermofluidprop.com

ThermoFluidProperties

Property Library for

the Industrial Formulation

IAPWS-IF97

for Water and Steam

FluidEXLGraphics

with LibIF97

for Excel

Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar Dr. Sebastian Herrmann Prof. Dr. Matthias Kunick

Martin Sünder

KCE-ThermoFluidProperties, Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar

Software for the Calculation of the Properties

of Industrial Formulation IAPWS-IF97 for Water and Steam

Including DLL and Add-In for Excel®

FluidEXLGraphics

LibIF97

Contents 0. Package Contents

0.1 Zip-files for 32-bit Office®

0.2 Zip-files for 64-bit Office®

1. Property Functions

2. Application of FluidEXL in Excel®

2.1 Installing FluidEXL

2.2 Registering FluidEXL as Add-In in Excel®

2.3 Licensing the LibIF97 Property Library

2.4 Example calculation

2.5 Representation of Calculated Properties in Thermodynamic Diagrams

2.6 The FluidEXL Help System

2.7 Removing FluidEXL

3. Program Documentation

4. Property Libraries for Calculating Heat Cycles, Boilers, Turbines, and Refrigerators

5. References

6. Satisfied Customers

__________________________________________________________________________

KCE-ThermoFluidProperties

Professor Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar

Wallotstr. 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany

Phone: +49-351-27597860

Mobile: +49-172-7914607

Fax: +49-3222-1095810

Email: [email protected]

Internet: www.thermofluidprop.com


0 Package Contents

0.1 Zip files for 32-bit Office®

The following zip files are delivered for your computer running a 32-bit Office® version.

Zip file "CD_FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_LibIF97.zip" including the following files:

setup.exe - Self-extracting and self-installing

program for FluidEXLGraphics

FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_Setup.msi - Self-extracting and self-installing program

LibIF97.chm - Help file for the LibIF97 property library

LibIF97.dll - Dynamic link library

FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_LibIF97_Docu.pdf - User’s Guide

0.2 Zip files for 64-bit Office®

The following zip files are delivered for your computer running a 64-bit Office® version.

Zip file "CD_FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_LibIF97_x64.zip" including the following files and folders:

setup.exe - Self-extracting and self-installing program for FluidEXLGraphics

FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_64_Setup.msi - Self-extracting and self-installing program

LibIF97.chm - Help file for the LibIF97 property library

LibIF97.dll - Dynamic link library

FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_LibIF97_Docu.pdf - User’s Guide


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1. Program Functions

1.1 Range of Validity

The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam IAPWS issued the

"Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997

for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam IAPWS-IF97"

in September 1997 [1], [2]. It will be abbreviated as IAPWS-IF97. This new industrial

standard must be applied worldwide in acceptance and guarantees calculations of facilities

and plants working with water or steam.

Figure 1.1 shows the entire range of validity for the equation set of the Industrial Formulation

IAPWS-IF97. It includes temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C at pressures from 0.00611 bar to

1000 bar and temperatures to 2000 °C for pressures to 500 bar.

100

p

0.000611

T273.15 623.15 863.15 1073.15 K

MPa

3

c

t

2273.15

50 21

5

p (T)s

50 MPa

IAPWS-IF97

16.529164

p =f(T)B23

4

Figure 1.1 Entire Range of Validity of the IAPWS-IF97


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The range of validity is divided into five calculation regions. Each of the calculation regions

contains its own equations of state. They are described in detail in the official Release of the

IAPWS [1] and in the publications by Kretzschmar and Wagner et al. [2].

The sub-programs of the LibIF97 library and the functions of the Add-In

FluidEXLGraphicsEng for Excel are listed in the following section.

All sub-programs and functions can be applied in the entire range of validity of the IF97. The call of the necessary equation of state for each calculation region will be realized within the program.


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1.2 Functions Functional

Dependence

Function Name Call as Function from

DLL LibIF97

Property or

Function

Unit of the

Result

References

a = f(p,t,x) a_ptx_97 = A_PTX_97(P,T,X) Thermal diffusivity m2/s [1], [2], [4], [5]

αp = f(p,t,x) alphap_ptx_97 = ALPHAP_PTX_ 97(P,T,X)

Relative pressure coefficient K-1 [1], [2], [3]

αv = f(p,t,x) alphav_ptx_97 = ALPHAV_PTX_ 97(P,T,X)

Isobaric cubic expansion coefficient K-1 [1], [2], [3]

b = f(p) b_p_97 = B_P_97(P) Laplace coefficient m [1], [2], [11]

b = f(t) b_t_97 = B_T_97(T) Laplace coefficient m [1], [2], [11]

βp = f(p,t,x) betap_ptx_97 = BETAP_PTX_ 97(P,T,X)

Isothermal stress coefficient kg/m³ [1], [2], [3]

cp = f(p,t,x) cp_ptx_97 = CP_PTX_97(P,T,X) Specific isobaric heat capacity kJ/(kg . K) [1], [2]

cv = f(p,t,x) cv_ptx_97 = CV_PTX_97(P,T,X) Specific isochoric heat capacity kJ/(kg . K) [1], [2]

δT = f(p,t,x) deltat_ptx_97 = DELTAT_PTX_97 (P,T,X)

Isothermal throttling coefficient kJ/(kg . kPa-1) [1], [2], [3]

( )T

vp t x

pf , ,

∂= ∂

dv_dp_T_ptx_97 = DVDP_T_97(P,T,X) Differential quotient ( )v

p t xp

T

, , ∂ ∂

m3/(kg . kPa) [1], [2], [3]

( )p

vp t x

Tf , ,

∂ = ∂

dv_dT_p_ptx_97 = DVDT_P_97(P,T,X) Differential quotient ( )v

p t xT p

, ,∂

∂

m3/(kg . K) [1], [2], [3]

e = f(p,t,x,tU) e_ptx_tu_97 = E_PTXTU_97 (P,T,X,TU)

Specific exergy kJ/kg [1], [2]

= f(p,t,x) epsilon_ptx_97 = EPS_PTX_97 (P,T,X) Dielectric constant - [1], [2], [14]

= f(p,t,x) eta_ptx_97 = ETA_PTX_97(P,T,X) Dynamic viscosity Pa . s = kg/(m . s) [1], [2], [5]

f = f(p,t,x) f_ptx_97 = F_PTX_97 (P,T,X) Specific Helmholtz energy kJ/kg [1], [2]

f* = f(p,t,x) fug_ptx_97 = FUG_PTX_97 (P,T,X) Fugacity bar [1], [2], [3]

g = f(p,t,x) g_ptx_97 = G_PTX_97 (P,T,X) Specific Gibbs energy kJ/kg [1], [2]

h = f(p,s) h_ps_97 = H_PS_97(P,S) Backward function: Specific enthalpy from pressure and entropy

kJ/kg [1], [2], [7]


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Functional

Dependence

Function Name

Call as Function from

DLL LibIF97

Property or

Function

Unit of the

Result

h = f(p,t,x) h_ptx_97 = HPTX97(P,T,X) Specific enthalpy kJ/kg [1], [2]

= f(p,t,x) kappa_ptx_97 = KAPPA_PTX_ 97(P,T,X)

Isentropic exponent - [1], [2], [3]

T = f(p,t,x) kappat_ptx_97 = KAPPAT_PTX_ 97(P,T,X)

Isothermal compressibility kPa-1 [1], [2], [3]

= f(p,t,x) lambda_ptx_97 = LAMBDA_PTX_ 97(P,T,X)

Heat conductivity W/(m . K) [1], [2], [4]

µ = f(p,t,x) my_ptx_97 = MY_PTX_97(P,T,X) Joule-Thomson coefficient K kPa-1 [1], [2], [3]

n = f(p,t,x,wl) n_ptxwl_97 = N_PTXWL_ 97(P,T,X,WL)

Refractive index - [1], [2], [13]

= f(p,t,x) ny_ptx_97 = NY_PTX_97(P,T,X) Kinematic viscosity m2/s [1], [2], [5]

p = f(h,s) p_hs_97 = P_HS_97(H,S) Backward function: Pressure from

enthalpy and entropy

bar [1], [2], [6], [8]

p = f(v,h) p_vh_97 = P_VH_97(V,H) Backward function: Pressure from

volume and enthalpy

bar [1], [2], [15]

p = f(v,u) p_vu_97 = P_VU_97(V,U) Backward function: Pressure from

volume and internal energy

bar [1], [2], [15]

Pr = f(p,t,x) Pr_ptx_97 = PR_PTX_97(P,T,X) Prandtl-number - [1], [2], [4], [5]

ps = f(h') ps_h1_97 = PS_H1_97(H) Vapor pressure bar [1], [2], [8]

ps = f(t) ps_t_97 = PS_T_97(T) Vapor pressure bar [1], [2]

= f(p,t,x) rho_ptx_97 = RHO_PTX_97(P,T,X) Density kg/m³ [1], [2]

s = f(p,h) s_ph_97 = S_PH_97(P,H) Backward function: Specific entropy from pressure and enthalpy

kJ/(kg . K) [1], [2], [7]

s = f(p,t,x) s_ptx_97 = S_PTX_97(P,T,X) Specific entropy kJ/(kg . K) [1], [2]

= f(p) sigma_p_97 = SIGMA_P_97(P) Surface tension from pressure mN/m = mPa . m [1], [2], [11]

= f(t) sigma_t_97 = SIGMA_T_97(T) Surface tension from temperature mN/m = mPa . m [1], [2], [11]

t = f(h,s) t_hs_97 = T_HS_97(H,S) Backward function: Temperature from enthalpy and entropy

°C [1], [2], [6], [8]


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Functional

Dependence

Function Name

Call as Function from

DLL LibIF97

Property or

Function

Unit of the

Result

t = f(p,h) t_ph_97 = T_PH_97(P,H) Backward function: Temperature from

pressure and enthalpy

°C [1], [2], [7]

t = f(p,s) t_ps_97 = T_PS_97(P,S) Backward function: Temperature from

pressure and entropy

°C [1], [2], [7]

t = f(v,h) t_vh_97 = T_VH_97(P,H) Backward function: Temperature from

volume and enthalpy

°C [1], [2], [15]

t = f(v,u) t_vu_97 = T_VU_97(P,H) Backward function: Temperature from

volume and internal energy

°C [1], [2], [15]

ts = f(p) ts_p_97 = TS_P_97(P) Saturation temperature °C [1], [2]

u = f(p,t,x) u_ptx_97 = U_PTX_97(P,T,X) Specific internal energy kJ/kg [1], [2]

v = f(p,h) v_ph_97 = V_PH_97(P,S) Backward function: Specific volume from pressure and enthalpy

m3/kg [1], [2], [7]

v = f(p,s) v_ps_97 = V_PS_97(P,S) Backward function: Specific volume from pressure and entropy

m3/kg [1], [2], [8]

v = f(p,t,x) v_ptx_97 = V_PTX_97(P,T,X) Specific volume m3/kg [1], [2]

w = f(p,t,x) w_ptx_97 = W_PTX_97(P,T,X) Isentropic speed of sound m/s [1], [2], [5]

x = f(h,s) x_hs_97 = X_HS_97(H,S) Backward function: Vapor fraction

from enthalpy and entropy

kg/kg [1], [2], [6], [8]

x = f(p,h) x_ph_97 = X_PH_97(P,H) Backward function: Vapor fraction

from pressure and enthalpy

kg/kg [1], [2], [7]

x = f(p,s) x_ps_97 = X_PS_97(P,S) Backward function: Vapor fraction

from pressure and entropy

kg/kg [1], [2], [7]

x = f(v,h) x_vh_97 = X_VH_97(P,H) Backward function: Vapor fraction

from volume and enthalpy

kg/kg [1], [2], [15]

x = f(v,u) x_vu_97 = X_VU_97(P,H) Backward function: Vapor fraction

from volume and internal energy

kg/kg [1], [2], [15]

z = f(p,t,x) z_ptx_97 = Z_PTX_97(P,T,X) Compression factor - [1], [2], [5]


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Units: t in °C

p in bar

x in kg saturated steam/kg wet steam

Range of validity of IAPWS-IF97

Temperature: from 0 °C to 800 °C

Pressure: from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar

High temperature region: to 2000 °C for pressures less than 500 bar

Exception to 900°C for the functions for a, η, λ, ν, Pr

Details on the vapor fraction x and on the calculation of wet steam

The wet steam region is calculated automatically by the subprograms. For this purpose the following fixed details on the vapor fraction x are to be considered:

Single-phase region

If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region (liquid or superheated steam) x = –1 must be entered as a pro-forma value.

Wet-steam region

If the state point to be calculated is located in the wet steam region, a value for x between 0 and 1 (x = 0 for saturated liquid, x = 1 for saturated steam) must be

entered. In this case, the backward functions result in the appropriate value between 0 and 1 for x. When calculating wet steam either the given value for t and p =

-1 or the given value for p and t = -1 and in both cases the value for x between 0 and 1 must be entered.

If p and t and x are entered as given values, the program considers p and t to be appropriate to represent the vapor pressure curve. If this is not the case the

calculation for the property of the chosen function results in –1.

[Wet steam region of the IAPWS-IF97: tt = 0 °C ... tc = 373.946 °C

pt = 0.00611 bar ... pc = 220.64 bar (c – critical point)]

Note.

If the calculation results in –1, the values entered represent a state point beyond the range of validity of IAPWS-IF97. For further information on each function and its

range of validity see Chapter 3. The same information may also be accessed via the online help pages.


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1.3 Thermodynamic Diagrams

FluidEXLGraphics enables the user to represent the calculated properties in the following

thermodynamic diagrams:

- T-s diagram - T-h diagram

- h-s diagram - T-lg v diagram

- lg p-h diagram - lg p-s diagram

- lg p-lg v diagram - h-lg v diagram

- lg p-T diagram - s-lg v-diagram

- p-T diagram

The diagrams, in which the calculated state point will be displayed, are shown on the following pages.


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KCE-ThermoFluidProperties ⋅ Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar

2/1

2. Application of FluidEXLGraphics in Excel®

The FluidEXLGraphics Add-In has been developed to calculate thermodynamic properties in

Excel® more conveniently. Within Excel®, it enables the direct call of functions relating to

Water and Steam from the LibIF97 property library.

2.1 Installing FluidEXLGraphics

If FluidEXLGraphics has already been installed in a post-June 2010 version, you simply need

to copy the files which belong to the LibIF97 library. Go to "Adding the LibIF97 Library if

FluidEXLGraphics has already been installed" below.

If FluidEXLGraphics has not yet been installed or if there is a pre-June 2010 version installed,

please complete the initial installation procedure as described below in "Installing

FluidEXLGraphics".

Adding the LibIF97 Library if FluidEXLGraphics has already been installed

If FluidEXLGraphics has already been installed in the post-June 2010 version, you only have

to copy the following files

FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng.xla

LibIF97.dll

LibIF97.chm

provided in the extracted folder

CD_FluidEXL_Graphics_LibIF97_Eng

into the folder you have chosen for the installation of FluidEXLGraphics (the standard being)

C:\Program Files\FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng

using an appropriate program such as Explorer® or Norton Commander.

Now proceed to Section 2.3 ("The FluidEXLGraphics Help System").

Installing FluidEXLGraphics

Complete the following steps for initial installation of FluidEXLGraphics.

Before you begin, it is best to uninstall any version of FluidEXLGraphics from before June

2010.

The installation routine for 32 bit and 64 bit versions of Excel is similar. The following

instructions are valid for both versions.

After you have downloaded and extracted the zip-file

for 64 bit version of Excel:

"CD_FluidEXL_Graphics_LibIF97_x64_Eng.zip"


"CD_FluidEXL_Graphics_LibIF97_Eng.zip"


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you will see the folder


\CD_FluidEXL_Graphics_LibIF97_x64_Eng


\CD_FluidEXL_Graphics_LibIF97_Eng

in your Windows Explorer, Norton Commander etc.

Now, open this folder by double-clicking on it.

Within this folder you will see the following files

FluidEXL_Graphics_LibIF97_Docu_Eng

FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng.xla FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_64_Setup.msi (for 64 bit version of Excel) FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_Setup.msi (for 32 bit version of Excel) LibIF97.dll LibIF97.chm setup.exe

In order to run the installation of FluidEXLGraphics double-click the file

setup.exe.

If problems with Visual C++ runtime library appear then doubleclick the following

FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_64_Setup.msi (for 64 bit version of Excel) FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng_Setup.msi (for 32 bit version of Excel)

to install FluidEXLGraphics.

The installation of FluidEXLGraphics starts with a window telling you that the installer will

guide you through the installation. Click the "Next >" button to continue.

In the following dialog box, "Select Installation Folder," the default path offered automatically

for the installation of FluidEXLGraphics is

C:\Program Files\FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng (for 64 bit version of Excel)

C:\Program Files (x86)\FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng (for 32 bit version of Excel)

By clicking the "Browse…" button, you can change the installation directory prior to

installation (see Figure 2.3).


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Figure 2.3: Choosing the Installation Folder of FluidEXLGraphics

Finally, click on "Next >" to continue installation; click "Next >" again in the "Confirm

Installation" window which follows in order to start the installation of FluidEXLGraphics.

After FluidEXLGraphics has been installed, you will see the sentence

"FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng has been successfully installed". Confirm this by clicking the

"Close" button.


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In the next step, the files below,


LibIF97.dll

LibIF97.chm

found in your CD folder, must be copied into the chosen destination folder (the standard

being)

C:\Program Files\FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng (for 64 bit version)

C:\Program Files (x86)\FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng (for 32 bit version)

using an appropriate program such as Explorer or Norton Commander.

Note:

The standard file path for the 32 bit and the 64 bit versions of FluidEXLGraphics is different.

In the following sections the standard path file from the 64 bit version is used.

2.2 Registering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel®

Registering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in versions of Excel® from 2007

onwards

(If you are running a version of Excel from 2003 or earlier, please go straight to the

instructions Registering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel®, versions 2003 or

earlier)

After installation in Windows®, FluidEXLGraphics must be registered in Excel® versions 2007

and later as an Add-In. To do this, start Excel® and carry out the following steps:

- Click the "File" button in the upper left hand corner of Excel® (see Figure 2.4)

Figure 2.4: Registering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel® 2016

- Click on the "Options" button in the menu which appears (see Figure 2.5)


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Figure 2.5: Registering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel® 2016

- Click on "Add-Ins" in the next menu

Figure 2.6: Dialog window "Excel Options"


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- Should it not be shown in the list automatically, select "Excel Add-ins" (found next to

"Manage:" in the lower area of the menu)

- Then click the "Go…" button

- Click "Browse" in the following window and locate the destination folder, generally

C:\Program Files\FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng (for Excel 64 bit) or

C:\Program Files (x86)\FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng (for Excel 32 bit)

within that folder click on the file named

"FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng.xla"

and then click "OK."

Figure 2.7: Dialog window "Add-Ins available"

- Now, "FluidEXL Graphics Eng" will be shown in your list of Add-Ins.

(If a checkmark is in the box next to the name "FluidEXL Graphics Eng“, this Add-In will

automatically be loaded whenever Excel starts. This will continue to occur unless the

checkmark is removed from the box by clicking on it.)

- In order to register the Add-In click the "OK" button in the "Add-Ins" window.

Figure 2.8: Dialog window "Add-Ins"


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In order to use FluidEXLGraphics in the following example, click on the menu item "Add-Ins"

shown in Figure 2.9.

Figure 2.9: Menu item "Add-Ins"

In the upper menu region of Excel®, the FluidEXLGraphics menu bar will appear as marked

with the red circle in the next figure.

Figure 2.10: FluidEXLGraphics menu bar

Installation of FluidEXLGraphics in Excel® (versions 2007 and later) is now complete.

An example calculation of "LibIF97" DLL library property functions can be found in chapter

2.5.

Registering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel®, versions 2003 or earlier

After installing FluidEXLGraphics, the program must be registered as an Add-In in Excel®. In

order to do so, start Excel® and carry out the following steps:

- Click "Tools" in the upper menu bar of Excel®.

- Here, click the "Add-Ins..." menu item.

After a short delay the "Add-Ins" dialog box will appear.

- Click "Browse...."

- In the following dialog box, choose your chosen destination folder (the standard being)


here select

"FluidEXL_Graphics_Eng.xla"

and afterwards click "OK".

- Now, the entry

"FluidEXL Graphics Eng"

will appear in the Add-Ins list.

Note:

As long as the check box next to the file name "FluidEXL Graphics Eng" is checked, this

Add-In will be loaded automatically every time you start Excel® until you unmark the box by

clicking on it again.

In order to register FluidEXLGraphics as an Add-In, click "OK" in the "Add-Ins" dialog box.

Now, the new FluidEXLGraphics menu bar will appear in the upper menu area of your Excel®

screen, marked with a red circle in Figure 2.11.


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Figure 2.11: Menu bar of FluidEXLGraphics

From within Excel® you can now select the "LibIF97" library property functions via this menu

bar (see part 2.5).

2.3 Licensing the LibIF97 Property Library

The licensing procedure has to be carried out when Excel® starts up and a FluidEXLGraphics

prompt message appears. In this case, you will see the "License Information" window (see

figure below).

Figure 2.12: "License Information" window

Here you will have to type in the license key. You can find contact information on the

"Content" page of this User’s Guide or by clicking the yellow question mark in the "License

Information" window. Then the following window will appear:


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Figure 2.13: "Help" window

If you do not enter a valid license it is still possible to start Excel® by clicking "Cancel" twice.

In this case, the LibIF97 property library will display the result "–11111111" for every

calculation.

The "License Information" window will appear every time you start Excel® unless you

uninstall FluidEXLGraphics according to the description in section 2.6 of this User’s Guide.

Should you not wish to license the LibIF97 property library, you have to delete the files

LibIF97.dll

LibIF97.chm

in the installation folder of FluidEXLGraphics (the standard being)



Note:

The product name “Lib_ _ _ _ _ in Figure 2.12 and 2.13 stands for the Library you are

installing. In this case it is the LibIF97 library.


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2.4 Example: Calculation

Now we will calculate, step by step, the specific enthalpy h as a function of pressure p,

temperature t, and vapor fraction x, using FluidEXLGraphics.

- Start Excel®

- Enter a value for p in bar in a cell

(Range of validity of the IF97: p = 0.00611 ... 1000 bar

p = 0.00611 ... 500 bar for high temperature region)

⇒ e. g.: Enter the value 100 into cell A2

- Enter a value for t in °C in a cell

(Range of validity of the IF97: t = 0 ... 800 °C

high temperature region up to 2000 °C

⇒ e. g.: Enter the value 400 into cell B2

- Enter a value for x in kg saturated steam/kg wet steam in a cell

Since the wet steam region is calculated automatically by the subprograms, the following

fixed details on the vapor fraction x are to be considered when the value for x is entered:

Single-phase region

If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region (liquid or

superheated steam) x = –1 must be entered as a pro-forma value.

Wet-steam region

If the state point to be calculated is located in the wet steam region, a value for x between

0 and 1 (x = 0 for saturated liquid, x = 1 for saturated steam) must be entered.

When calculating wet steam either the given value for t and p = –1 or the given value for p

and t = –1 and in both cases the value for x between 0 and 1 must be entered.

If p and t and x are entered as given values, the program considers p and t to be

appropriate to represent the vapor pressure curve. If it is not the case the calculation for

the property of the chosen function to be calculated results in –1.

Wet steam region of the IAPWS-IF97:

tt = 0 °C ... tc = 373.946 °C

pt = 0.00611 bar ... pc = 220.64 bar (c – critical point)

⇒ e.g.: Enter –1 into the C2 cell.

- Click the cell in which the enthalpy h in kJ/kg is to be displayed.

⇒ e.g.: Click the D2 cell.

- Click "Calculate" in the menu bar of FluidEXLGraphics.

Now the "Insert Function" window appears (see next figure).


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Figure 2.15: Choice of library and function name

- Search and click the "Water IAPWS-IF97" library under "Or select a category:" in the

upper part of the window.

- Search and click the h_ptx_97 function under "Select a function:" right below.

Here it is possible to get more information on the range of validity, measuring units, error

responses, etc. by clicking the "Help on this function" button.

- Click "OK".

The window shown in the next figure will now appear.


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Figure 2.16: Input menu for the function

- The Cursor is now situated on the line next to "p in bar". You can now enter the value for

p either by clicking the cell with the value for p, by entering the name of the cell with the

value for p, or by entering the value for p directly.

⇒ e. g.: Click on the cell A2

- Situate the cursor next to "t in °C" and enter the value for t by clicking the cell with the

value for t, by entering the name of the cell with the value for t, or by entering the value

for t directly.

⇒ e. g.: Type B2 into the window next to "t in °C"

- Situate the cursor next to "x in kg/kg" and enter the value for x by clicking the cell with the

value for x, by entering the name of the cell with the value for x, or by entering the value

for x directly.

⇒ e. g.: Click on the cell C2

The window should now look like the following figure:


2/14

Figure 2.17: Input menu showing the result

- Click the "OK" button.

The result for h in kJ/kg appears in the cell selected above.

⇒ The result in our sample calculation here is: h = 3097.375274 in kJ/kg.

The calculation of h = f(p,t,x) has thus been completed. Correspondingly, the specific

entropy s = f(p,t,x) can be calculated with the same values for p, t, and x.

- Click the cell in which the entropy s in kJ/(kg K) is to be displayed.

⇒ e.g.: Click the cell E2.

- Click "Calculate" in the menu bar of FluidEXLGraphics.

The "Insert Function" window will appear.

- Because of the previous calculation, the "Water IAPWS-IF97" library under "Or select

a category:" will be marked automatically.

- Search for and click on the s_ptx_97 function under "Select a function:" in the center

of the window.

- Click "OK".

The "Function Arguments" window appears.

- Enter the cell name with the value of p next to "p in bar", or click on the cell with the

value of p.

- Situate the cursor next to "t in °C", click and enter the cell name with the value of t, or

click on the cell with the value of t.


2/15

- Situate the cursor next to "x in kg/kg", click and enter the cell name with the value of

x, or click on the cell with the value of x.

- Click "OK".

The result for s in kJ/kg K appears in the cell selected above.

⇒ The result in our sample calculation here is: 6.213928894 in kJ/kg K.

The calculation of s = f(p,T,x) has been carried out. You can now arbitrarily change the

values for p, T, or x in the appropriate cells. The specific enthalpy and the specific

entropy are recalculated and updated every time you change the data. This shows that

the Excel® data flow and the DLL calculations are working together successfully.

Note:

If the calculation results in –1, this indicates that the values entered are located outside the

range of validity of IF97. More detailed information on each function and its range of validity

is available in Chapter 3.

For further property functions calculable in FluidEXLGraphics, see the function table in

Chapter 1.

Number Formats

When using FluidEXLGraphics you have the option of choosing special number formats in

advance.

Changes can be made as follows:

- Click the cell or select and click on the cells you wish to format.

(In empty cells the new format will be applied once a value has been entered.)

- Click "Number Format" in the FluidEXLGraphics menu bar.

- Select the desired number format in the dialog box which appears:

"STD – Standard": Insignificant zeros behind the decimal point are not

shown.

"FIX – Fixed Number of Digits": All set decimal places are shown, including insignificant

zeros.

"SCI – Scientific Format": Numbers are always shown in the exponential form with

the set number of decimal places.

- Set the "Number of decimal places" by entering the number into the appropriate window.

- Confirm this by clicking the "OK" button.

As an example, the table below shows the three formats for the number 1.230 adjusted for

three decimal places:

STD 1.23

FIX 1.230

SCI 1.230E+00

This formatting can also be applied to cells which have already been calculated.


2/16

2.5 Representation of Calculated Properties in Thermodynamic Diagrams

In the following section, the calculated state point is to be represented in thermodynamic

diagrams with the help of FluidEXLGraphics. Calculations can be represented in the following

diagrams:

T-s Diagram

h-s Diagram

lg p-h Diagram

lg p-lg v Diagram

lg p-T Diagram

p-T Diagram

T-h Diagram

T-lg v Diagram

lg p-s Diagram

h-lg v Diagram

s-lg v Diagram

In order to represent the calculated values in a T-s diagram, for example, the temperature and specific entropy values for the point to be represented must be marked.

- Click on the cell with the value for t (as t is the ordinate in the diagram).

⇒ Click cell B2 in our example.

Hold down the "Ctrl" key and simultaneously click the cell with the value for s (as s is the

abscissa in the diagram). Release the "Ctrl" key.

Note:

The value pairs to be depicted (Y,X), here (t,s), must always be located in the same row or

column.

⇒ For this example, hold down the "Ctrl" key and click the cell E2.

- As displayed in the next figure, click "Diagrams" in the FluidEXLGraphics menu bar and choose "T,s-Diagram" in the drop-down menu.


2/17

Figure 2.18: Marking the values and choice of the diagram

The T-s diagram shown in the figure below will appear. The calculated state point is marked as a red point.

Figure 2.19: T-s Diagram including the state point


2/18

Proceed in the same way if you wish to represent values in the h-s diagram:

- Click the cell with the value for h.

⇒ Click the cell D2 for the example. - Hold down the "Ctrl" key and simultaneously click on the cell with the value for s.

Release the "Ctrl" key.

⇒ For this example, click the E2 cell while holding down the "Ctrl" key.

- Click "Diagrams" in the menu bar of FluidEXLGraphics and click "h-s diagram" in the menu which appears. In the h-s diagram then displayed, the state point is marked in red.

If the calculated state point should be represented in the lg p-h diagram, mark the value of p first and then mark the value of h. Then proceed as above.

Note – Diagrams with various state points:

If you calculate various state points, they can be represented in one selected diagram. To do this, first mark with the cursor those values which are to represent the values of y in the diagram. Afterwards, hold down the "Ctrl" key and mark the corresponding values which are to represent the values of x in the diagram. Note once more that all value pairs which should

be represented (Y,X) must be located in one row in Excel®. Proceed as described above.

Note – Diagrams without any state points:

If you wish to have a look at a diagram without performing a calculation, mark two empty cells located in one row, and select a diagram.


2/19

Printing Diagrams

The state diagrams can be printed with the help of Word® which also belongs to the Office

suite®.

- When the selected diagram is on the screen, hold down the "Alt" key and press the "Print" key briefly. (This keyboard shortcut copies the current window, e.g., the diagram, into the Windows

clipboard where it is ready to be pasted into other Windows® application programs.)

- Start Word by clicking "Start" in the Windows task bar, then "Programs", and then "Microsoft Word".

- As the diagram is to be printed in landscape format, change the (now loaded) Word application window into the landscape format. In order to do so, click "File" in the upper menu bar of Word, and then "Page Setup". Click "Margins" in the window which now appears, then "Landscape". Confirm this change by clicking "OK".

- In order to paste the diagram out of the Windows clipboard, click "Edit" in the upper menu bar of Word, and then "Paste".

The diagram out of FluidEXLGraphics appears in the Word application window and is ready to save and/or print.

- Start the printing process by clicking "File" in the upper menu bar of Word, and then "Print". Proceed as usual in the "Print" window which appears.

The diagram will be printed in the A4 landscape format, if you do not change the preferences. In order to continue working in Excel, click "Microsoft Excel - …" in the Windows task bar.

Proceed in the same way to print further diagrams.


2/20

2.5 The FluidEXLGraphics Help System

As mentioned earlier, FluidEXLGraphics also provides detailed help functions.

Information on individual property functions may be accessed via the following steps:

- Click "Calculate" in the FluidEXLGraphics menu bar.

- Click on the “LibIF97” library under "Or select a category:" in the "Insert Function" window

which will appear.

- Click the "Help on this function" button in the lower left-hand edge of the "Insert Function"

window.

Figure 2.17: Help Window

If the LibIF97.chm function help cannot be found, you will be redirected to a Microsoft® help

website by your standard browser. In this case, the LibIF97.chm file has to be copied into the

folder of FluidEXLGraphics, in the standard case


to use the help system.


2/21

2.7 Removing FluidEXLGraphics

2.7.1 Removing LibIF97 Library

Should you wish to remove only the LibIF97 library, delete the files

LibIF97.dll

LibIF97.chm

in the directory selected for the installation of FluidEXLGraphics, in the standard case,


by using an appropriate program such as Explorer® or Norton Commander.

2.7.2 Unregistering and uninstalling FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in versions of

Excel® from 2007 onwards (for earlier versions see 2.7.3)

In order to unregister the FluidEXLGraphics Add-In in versions of Excel® from 2007 onwards

start Excel® and carry out the following commands:

- Click the “File” button in the upper left corner of Excel®

- Click on the "Options" button in the menu which appears

Figure 2.18: Unregistering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel® 2016


2/22

Figure 2.19 Unregistering FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel® 2016

- Click on "Add-Ins" in the next menu (Figure 2.19)


- If it is not shown in the list automatically, chose and click "Excel Add-ins" next to

"Manage:" in the lower area of the menu


2/23

- Afterwards click the "Go…" button

- Remove the checkmark in front of


in the window which now appears. Click the "OK" button to confirm your entry.


In order to remove FluidEXLGraphics from Windows and the hard drive, click "Start" in the

Windows task bar, select "Settings" and click "Control Panel."

Now, double click on "Add or Remove Programs."

In the list box of the "Add or Remove Programs" window that appears, select


by clicking on it and then clicking the "Add/Remove…" button.

Click "Automatic" in the following dialog box and then the "Next >" button.

Click "Finish" in the "Perform Uninstall" window.

Answer the question of whether all shared components should be removed with "Yes to All."

Finally, close the "Add or Remove Programs" and "Control Panel" windows.

Now FluidEXLGraphics has been completely removed from your computer.

2.7.3 Unregistering and uninstalling FluidEXLGraphics as Add-In in Excel®,

versions 2003 or earlier

To remove FluidEXLGraphics completely, proceed as follows: First the registration of


has to be cancelled in Excel®.

In order to do this, click "Tools" in the upper menu bar of Excel® and here "Add-Ins…".

Untick the box on the left-hand side of


in the window that appears and click the "OK" button. The additional menu bar of

FluidEXLGraphics disappears from the upper part of the Excel® window. Afterwards, we


2/24

recommend closing Excel®.

If the FluidEXLGraphics menu bar does not disappear, take the following steps:

Click "View" in the upper menu bar of Excel®, then "Toolbars" and then "Customize…" in the

list box which appears.


is situated at the bottom of the "Toolbars" entries, which must be selected by clicking on it.

Delete the entry by clicking "Delete". You will be asked whether you really want to delete the

toolbar – click "OK".

Within the next step delete the files

LibIF97.dll

LibIF97.chm

in the directory selected for the installation of FluidEXLGraphics, in the standard case,



In order to remove FluidEXLGraphics from Windows and the hard drive, click "Start" in the

Windows task bar, select "Settings" and click "Control Panel". Now double-click on "Add or

Remove Programs". In the list box of the "Add/Remove Programs" window that appears

select


by clicking on it and click the "Add/Remove…" button. In the following dialog box, click

"Automatic" and then "Next >". Click "Finish" in the "Perform Uninstall" window. Answer the

question whether all shared components shall be removed with "Yes to All". Finally, close the

"Add/Remove Programs" and "Control Panel" windows.

Now FluidEXLGraphics has been removed.


3/1

3. Program Documentation

Thermal Diffusivity a = f(p,t,x)

Function Name: a_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION A_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values

P - Pressure p in bar

T - Temperature t in °C

X - Vapor fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)

Result

⋅= =

⋅2, or - Thermal diffusivity in m /s

p p

va

c c

A_PTX_97IT A a_ptx_97IT

Range of validity

Temperature range: from 0 °C to 900 °C

Pressure range: from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar

Details on the vapor fraction x and on the calculation of saturated liquid and saturated

steam

The wet steam region is calculated automatically by the subprograms. For this purpose the following fixed

details on the vapor fraction x are to be considered:

If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase region (liquid or superheated steam) x = –1

must be entered as a pro-forma value.

If the state point to be calculated is located on the saturated liquid line, x = 0 must be entered. When

calculating saturated steam (saturated vapor line) x = 1 must be entered.

The calculation for x-values between 0 and 1 is not possible.

When calculating saturated liquid or saturated steam, it is adequate to enter either the given value for t

and p = -1, or the given value for p and t = -1, plus the value for x (x = 0 or x = 1). If p and t and x are

entered as given values, the program will consider p and t to be appropriate to represent the vapor

pressure curve.

t c

t c

(Saturated liquid and saturated vapor line:

Temperature ranges from = 0 °C to = 373.946 °C

Pressure ranges from = 0.00611 bar to = 220.64 bar)

t t

p p

Results for wrong input values

Result A_PTX_97, A = –1 or a_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:

Single phase region: p > 1000 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or (x = –1) t > 900 °C or t < 0 °C

Saturation lines: at p = –1 and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C or

(x = 0 or x = 1) at t = –1 and p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or at p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C

sor | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [4]


3/2

Relative Pressure Coefficient = f( , , )p p t x

Function Name: alphap_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION ALPHAP_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

−1, or - Relative pressure coefficient in KpALPHAP_PTX_97IT ALPHAP alphap_ptx_97IT

Range of validity




steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result ALPHAP_PTX_97, ALPHAP = –1 or alphap_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:


Saturation lines: at p = –1 and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C or

(x = 0 or x = 1) at t = –1 and p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or at p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C

sor | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3]


3/3

Isobaric Cubic Expansion Coefficient = f( , , )v p t x

Function Name: alphav_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION ALPHAV_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

−1, or - Isobaric cubic expansioncoefficient in KvALPHAV_PTX_97IT ALPHAV alphav_ptx_97IT

Range of validity



High temperature region: to 2000 °C at pressures to 500 bar


steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result ALPHAV_PTX_97, ALPHAV = –1 or alphav_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:

Single phase region: p > 1000 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or (x = –1) t > 2000 °C or t < 0 °C or t > 800 °C at p > 500 bar

Saturation lines: at p = –1 and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C or (x = 0 or x = 1) at t = –1 and p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or

at p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C

sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/4

Laplace Coefficient = f( )b p

Function Name: b_p_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION B_P_97(P) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P

Input values


Result

, or - Laplace coefficient in mbB_PTX_97IT B b_pt_97IT

Range of validity

t cPressure ranges from = 0.00611 bar to = 220.64 barp p


Result B_P_97, B = –1 or b_p_97 = –1 for input values:

Saturation lines: at p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar

References: [1], [2], [3], [11]


3/5

Laplace Coefficient b = f( )t

Function Name: b_t_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION B_T_97(T) for call from Fortran REAL*8 T

Input values


Result

, or - Laplace coefficient in mbB_T_97IT B b_t_97IT

Range of validity

t cTemperature ranges from = 0 °C to = 373.946 °Ct t


Result B_T_97, B = –1 or b_t_97 = –1 for input values:

Saturation lines: t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C

References: [1], [2], [3], [11]


3/6

Isothermal Stress Coefficient = f( , , )p p t x

Function Name: betap_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION BETAP_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Isothermal stress coefficient in kg/m³pBETAP_PTX_97IT BETAP betap_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result BETAP_PTX_97, BETAP = –1 or betap_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/7

Specific Isobaric Heat Capacity = f( , , )pc p t x

Function Name: cp_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION CP_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Specific isobaric heat capacity in kJ/kg KpcCP_PTX_97IT CP cp_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result CP_PTX_97, CP = –1 or cp_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/8

Specific Isochoric Heat Capacity = f( , , )vc p t x

Function Name: cv_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION CV_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Specific isochoric heat capacity in kJ/kg KvcCV_PTX_97IT CV cv_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result CV_PTX_97, CV = –1 or cv_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/9

TIsothermal Throttling Coefficient = f( , , ) p t x

Function Name: deltat_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION DELTAT_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

− −, or - Isothermal throttling coefficient in kJ kg kPaT1 1DELTAT_PTX_97IT DELTAT deltat_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t t

p p

t c

t c





Result DELTAT_PTX_97, DELTAT = –1 or deltat_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/10

( ), , ∂

= ∂ Differential Quotient f

T

v p t x

p

Function Name: dv_dp_T_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION DVDP_T_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

∂⋅ ⋅ ∂

3 -1 -1

T

v- Differential quotient in m kg kPa

pDVDP_T_PTX_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result dv_dp_T_ptx_97 or DVDP_T_PTX_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [4]


3/11

( ), ,∂ = ∂

Differential Quotient fp

v p t x

T

Function Name: dv_dT_p_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION DVDT_P_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

∂ ⋅ ⋅ ∂ p

v

T

3 -1 -1- Differential quotient in m kg KDVDT_P_PTX_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result dv_dT_p_ptx_97 or DVDT_P_PTX_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [4]


3/12

uSpecific Exergy = f( , , , )e p t x t

Function Name: e_ptxtu_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION E_PTXTU_97(P,T,X,TU) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X,TU

Input values




U- Environment temperature in °CtTU

Result

E_PTXTU_97, E or e_ptx_tu_97 - Specific exergy (of the enthalpy) e in kJ/kg

Range of validity









If the state point to be calculated is located in the wet steam region, a value for x between 0 and 1

(x = 0 for saturated liquid, x = 1 for saturated steam) must be entered.

When calculating wet steam either the given value for t and p = -1 or the given value for p and t = -1 and in

both cases the value for x between 0 and 1 must be entered.

If p and t and x are entered as given values, the program considers p and t to be appropriate to represent

the vapor pressure curve.

t c

t c

(Wet steam region of the IAPWS-IF97: = 0 °C ... = 373.946 °C

= 0.00611 bar ... = 220.64 bar)

t t

p p


Result E_PTXTU_97, E = –1 or e_ptxtu_97 = –1 for input values:


Wet steam region: at p = –1 and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C or (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) at t = –1 and p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or


sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/13

Dielectric Constant = f( , , )p t x

Function Name: epsilon_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION EPS_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Dielectric constant EPS_PTX_97IT EPS epsilon_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result EPS_PTX_97, EPS = –1 or epsilon_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [14]


3/14

Specific Helmholtz Energy = f( , , )f p t x

Function Name: f_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION F_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Specific Helmholtz energy in kJ/kgfF_PTX_97IT F f_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result F_PTX_97, F = –1 or f_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:


Saturation lines: at p = –1 and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C or (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) at t = –1 and p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or


sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/15

*Fugacity = f( , , )f p t x

Function Name: fug_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION FUG_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Fugacity in bar*fFUG_PTX_97IT FUG fug_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result FUG_PTX_97, FUG = –1 or fug_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/16

Specific Gibbs Energy = f( , , )g p t x

Function Name: g_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION G_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Specific Gibbs energy in kJ/kggG_PTX_97IT G g_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result G_PTX_97, G = –1 or g_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/17

Dynamic Viscosity = f( , , )p t x

Function Name: eta_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION ETA_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Dynamic viscosity in Pa sETA_PTX_97IT ETA eta_ptx_97IT

Range of validity




steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result ETA_PTX_97, ETA = –1 or eta_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [5]


3/18

Backward Function: Specific Enthalpy h = f(p,s)

Function Name: h_ps_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION H_PS_97(P,S) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,S

Input values


S - Specific entropy s in kJ/kg K

Result

H_PS_97, H or h_ps_97 - Specific enthalpy h in kJ/kg

Range of validity


Entropy range: according to temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C

High temperature region: to 500 bar and to entropy regarding 2000 °C

Details on the calculation of wet steam

The wet steam region is calculated automatically. This means that from the given values of p and s the

function will determine whether the state point to be calculated is located within the single-phase region (liquid

or steam) or the wet steam region. Afterwards the calculation of h in the appropriate region will be carried out.

t cWet steam region: Pressure ranges from = 0.00611 bar to = 220.64 barp p


Result H_PS_97, H = –1 or h_ps_97 = –1 for input values:

Single phase region: p > 1000 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or at internal calculation result t > 2000 °C or t < 0 °C or t > 800 °C at p > 500 bar

Wet steam region: p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or at internal calculation result t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C

References: [1], [2], [3], [6], [8]


3/19

Specific Enthalpy h = f(p,t,x)

Function Name: h_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION H_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

H_PTX_97, H or h_ptx_97 - Specific enthalpy h in kJ/kg

Range of validity















t c

t c


= 0.00611 bar ... = 220.64 bar)

t t

p p


Result H_PTX_97, H = –1 or h_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:


Wet steam region: at p = –1 and t > 373.946 °C or t < 0 °C or

(0 x 1)≤ ≤ at t = –1 and p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar or


sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/20

Isentropic Exponent = f( , , )p t x

Function Name: kappa_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION KAPPA_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

= − = ⋅ s

v p w

p v p v

2

, or - Isentropic exponent

KAPPA_PTX_97IT KAPPA kappa_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result KAPPA_PTX_97, KAPPA = –1 or kappa_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/21

Isothermal Compressibility = f( , , )T p t x

Function Name: kappat_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION KAPPAT_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

−, or - Isothermal compressibility in kPaT1KAPPAT_PTX_97IT KAPPAT kappat_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result KAPPAT_PTX_97, KAPPAT = –1 or kappat_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/22

Thermal Conductivity = f( , , )p t x

Function Name: lambda_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION LAMBDA_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

⋅, or - Thermal conductivity in W/m KLAMBDA_PTX_97IT LAM lambda_ptx_97IT

Range of validity




steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result LAMBDA_PTX_97, LAMBDA = –1 or lambda_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [4]


3/23

Joule-Thomson Coefficient = f( , , )µ p t x

Function Name: my_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION MY_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

−, or - Joule-Thomson coefficient in K kPaµ 1MY_PTX_97IT MY my_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result MY_PTX_97, MY = –1 or my_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/24

Refractive Index = f( , , , )n p t x wl

Function Name: n_ptxwl_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION N_PTXWL_97(P,T,X,WL) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X,WL

Input values




WL - Wavelength wl in µm

Result

, or - Refractive index nN_PTXWL_97IT N n_ptxwl_97

Range of validity




Wavelength region: from 0.2 µm to 1.1 µm


steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result N_PTXWL_97, N = –1 or n_ptxwl_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [13]


3/25

Kinematic Viscosity = f( , , )p t x

Function Name: ny_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION NY_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

= = ⋅ v 2, or - Kinematic viscosity in m / s

NY_PTX_97IT NY ny_ptx_97IT

Range of validity




steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result NY_PTX_97, NY = –1 or ny_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [5]


3/26

Backward Function: Pressure p = f(h,s)

Function Name: p_hs_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION P_HS_97(H,S) for call from Fortran REAL*8 H,S

Input values

H - Specific enthalpy h in kJ/kg


Result

P_HS_97, p or p_hs_97 - Pressure p in bar

Range of validity

Enthalpy range and entropy range according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and

Temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C

High temperature region: according to pressures to 500 bar and temperatures to 2000 °C


The wet steam region is calculated automatically. This means that from the given values of h and s the


or steam) or the wet steam region. Afterwards the calculation of p in the appropriate region will be carried out.


Result P_HS_97, P = –1 or p_hs_97 = –1 for input values:

s < - 0.009 kJ/kg K h < h(0.00611 bar, x) at h'(0.00611 bar) < h < h"(0.00611 bar)

References: [1], [2], [3], [6], [8]


3/27

Backward Function: Pressure p = f(v,h)

Function Name: p_vh_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION P_VH_97(V,H) for call from Fortran REAL*8 V,H

Input values

3- Specific volume in m /kgvV


Result

P_VH_97, p or p_vh_97 - Pressure p in bar

Range of validity

Enthalpy range and entropy range: according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and




The wet steam region is calculated automatically. This means that from the given values of v and h the




Result P_VH_97, P = –1 or p_vh_97 = –1 for input values:

3 < 0.0009 m /kgv

h < h(0.00611 bar, x) at h'(0.00611 bar) < h < h"(0.00611 bar)

References: [1], [2], [3], [15]


3/28

Backward Function: Pressure p = f(v,u)

Function Name: p_vu_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION P_VU_97(V,U) for call from Fortran REAL*8 V,U

Input values

V - Specific volume h in kJ/kg

U - Specific internal energy u in kJ/kg

Result

P_VU_97, p or p_vu_97 - Pressure p in bar

Range of validity

Specific volume and internal according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and

energy range: temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C



The wet steam region is calculated automatically. This means that from the given values of v and u the




Result P_VU_97, P = –1 or p_vu_97 = –1 for input values:

3 < 0.0009 m /kgv

u < u(0.00611 bar, x) at u'(0.00611 bar) < u < u"(0.00611 bar)

References: [1], [2], [3], [15]


3/29

Prandtl-Number Pr = f(p,t,x)

Function Name: Pr_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION PR_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result ⋅

= = pc Pr

a, or - Pr andtl - number

PR_PTX_97IT Pr Pr_ptx_97IT

Range of validity




steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result PR_PTX_97, Pr = –1 or Pr_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p

References: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]


3/30

sVapor Pressure = f(h1)p

Function Name: ps_h1_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION PS_H1_97(T) for call from Fortran REAL*8 T

Input values

H1 - Temperature t in °C

Result

PS_H1_97IT PS ps_h1_97IT s, or - Vapor pressure in barp

Range of validity

Enthalpy range according temperatures t cfrom = 0 °C to = 373.946 °C t t


Result PS_H1_97, PS = –1 or ps_h1_97 = –1 for input values:

t < 0 °C or t > 373.946 °C

References: [1], [2], [3], [6], [8]


3/31

sVapor Pressure = f( )p t

Function Name: ps_t_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION PS_T_97(T) for call from Fortran REAL*8 T

Input values


Result

s, or - Vapor pressure in barpPS_T_97IT PS ps_t_97IT

Range of validity

t cfrom = 0 °C to = 373.946 °C t t


Result PS_T_97, PS = –1 or ps_t_97 = –1 for input values:

t < 0 °C or t > 373.946 °C



3/32

Density = f( , , )p t x

Function Name: rho_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION RHO_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

= v

31, or - Density in kg / mRHO_PTX_97IT RHO rho_ptx_97IT

Range of validity















t c

t c


= 0.00611 bar ... = 220.64 bar)

t t

p p


Result RHO_PTX_97, RHO = –1 or rho_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/33

Backward Function: Specific Entropy s = f(p,h)

Function Name: s_ph_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION S_PH_97(P,H) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,H

Input values



Result

S_PH_97, S or s_ph_97 - Specific entropy s in kJ/kg K

Range of validity


Enthalpy range: according temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C

High temperature region: to 500 bar and to enthalpy regarding 2000 °C


The wet steam region is calculated automatically. This means that from the given values of p and h the


or steam) or the wet steam region. Afterwards the calculation of s in the appropriate region will be carried out.



Result S_PH_97, S = –1 or s_ph_97 = –1 for input values:



References: [1], [2], [3], [7]


3/34

Specific Entropy s = f(p,t,x)

Function Name: s_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION S_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

S_PTX_97, S or s_ptx_97 - Specific entropy s in kJ/kg K

Range of validity















t c

t c


= 0.00611 bar ... = 220.64 bar)

t t

p p


Result S_PTX_97, S = –1 or s_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/35

Surface Tension = f( )p

Function Name: sigma_p_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION SIGMA_P_97(P) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P

Input values


Result

⋅, or - Surface tension in mN/m = mPa mSIGMA_P_97IT SIGMA sigma_p_97IT

Range of validity

t cfrom = 0.00611 bar to = 220.64 bar p p


Result SIGMA_P_97, SIGMA = –1 or sigma_p_97 = –1 for input values:

p < 0.00611 bar or p > 220.64 bar

References: [1], [2], [3], [11]


3/36

Surface Tension = f( )t

Function Name: sigma_t_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION SIGMA_T_97(T) for call from Fortran REAL*8 T

Input values


Result

⋅, or - Surface tension in mN/m = mPa mSIGMA_T_97IT SIGMA sigma_t_97

Range of validity

t cfrom = 0 °C to = 373.946 °C t t


Result SIGMA_T_97, SIGMA = –1 or sigma_t_97 = –1 for input values:

t < 0 °C or t > 373.946 °C

References: [1], [2], [3], [11]


3/37

Backward Function: Temperature t = f(h,s)

Function Name: t_hs_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION T_HS_97(H,S) for call from Fortran REAL*8 H,S

Input values



Result

T_HS_97, T or t_hs_97 - Temperature t in °C

Range of validity

Enthalpy range and entropy range: according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and

temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C





or steam) or the wet steam region. Afterwards the calculation of t in the appropriate region will be carried out.


Result T_HS_97, T = –1 or t_hs_97 = –1 for input values:


s < - 0.009 kJ/kg K

References: [1], [2], [3], [6], [8]


3/38

Backward Function: Temperature t = f(p,h)

Function Name: t_ph_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION T_PH_97(P,H) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,H

Input values



Result

T_PH_97, T or t_ph_97 - Temperature t in °C

Range of validity










Result T_PH_97, T = –1 or t_ph_97 = –1 for input values:



References: [1], [2], [3], [7]


3/39

Backward Function: Temperature t = f(p,s)

Function Name: t_ps_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION T_PS_97(P,S) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,S

Input values



Result

T_PS_97, T or t_ps_97 - Temperature t in °C

Range of validity


Entropy range: according temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C








Result T_PS_97, T = –1 or t_ps_97 = –1 for input values:



References: [1], [2], [3], [7]


3/40

Backward Function: Temperature t = f(v,h)

Function Name: t_vh_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION T_VH_97(V,H) for call from Fortran REAL*8 V,H

Input values



Result

T_VH_97, T or t_vh_97 - Temperature t in °C

Range of validity










Result T_VH_97, T = –1 or t_vh_97 = –1 for input values:

3 < 0.0009 m /kgv


References: [1], [2], [3], [15]


3/41

Backward Function: Temperature t = f(v,u)

Function Name: t_vu_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION T_VU_97(V,U) for call from Fortran REAL*8 V,U

Input values



Result

T_VU_97, T or t_vu_97 - Temperature t in °C

Range of validity

Specific volume and internal according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and

energy range: temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C








Result T_VU_97, T = –1 or t_vu_97 = –1 for input values:

3 < 0.0009 m /kgv

u < u(0.00611 bar, x) at u'(0.00611 bar) < u < u"(0.00611 bar)

References: [1], [2], [3], [15]


3/42

sSaturation Temperature = f( )t p

Function Name: ts_p_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION TS_P_97(P) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P

Input values


Result

s, or - Saturation temperature in °CtTS_P_97IT T ts_p_97IT

Range of validity

t cfrom = 0.00611 bar to = 220.64 bar p p


Result TS_P_97, T = –1 or ts_p_97 = –1 for input values:

p < 0.00611 bar or p > 220.64 bar



3/43

Specific Internal Energy u = f(p,t,x)

Function Name: u_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION U_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

U_PTX_97, U or u_ptx_97 - Specific internal energy u in kJ/kg

Range of validity















t c

t c


= 0.00611 bar ... = 220.64 bar)

t t

p p


Result U_PTX_97, U = –1 or u_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/44

Backward Function: Specific Volume v = f(p,h)

Function Name: v_ph_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION V_PH_97(P,H) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,H

Input values



Result

3, or - Specific volume in m /kgvV_PH_97IT V v_ph_97IT

Range of validity


Enthalpy range: according to temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C





or steam) or the wet steam region. Afterwards the calculation of v in the appropriate region will be carried out.



Result V_PH_97, V = –1 or v_ph_97 = –1 for input values:



References: [1], [2], [3], [7]


3/45

Backward Function: Specific Volume v = f(p,s)

Function Name: v_ps_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION V_PS_97(P,S) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,S

Input values



Result

3, or - Specific volume in m /kgvV_PS_97IT V v_ps_97IT

Range of validity


Entropy range: according to temperatures from 0 °C to 800 °C





or steam) or the wet steam region. Afterwards the calculation of v in the appropriate region will be carried out.



Result V_PS_97, V = –1 or v_ps_97 = –1 for input values:



References: [1], [2], [3], [7]


3/46

Specific Volume v = f(p,t,x)

Function Name: v_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION V_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

3, or - Specific volume in m /kgvV_PTX_97IT V v_ptx_97IT

Range of validity















t c

t c


= 0.00611 bar ... = 220.64 bar)

t t

p p


Result V_PTX_97, V = –1 or v_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/47

Isentropic Speed of Sound w = f(p,t,x)

Function Name: w_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION W_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

W_PTX_97, W or w_ptx_97 - Isentropic speed of sound w in m/s

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result W_PTX_97, W = –1 or w_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p



3/48

Backward Function: Vapor Fraction x = f(h,s)

Function Name: x_hs_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION X_HS_97(H,S) for call from Fortran REAL*8 H,S

Input values



Result

X_HS_97, X or x_hs_97 - Vapor fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)

Range of validity

Enthalpy range and entropy range according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and


High temperature region: according pressures to 500 bar and temperatures to 2000 °C




or steam) or the wet steam region. When calculating wet steam the value for x between 0 and 1 is calculated

(0 for saturated liquid, 1 for saturated steam). If the state point to be calculated is located in the single-phase

region the result x = - 1 will be returned.


Result X_HS_97, X = –1 or x_hs_97 = –1 for input values:

s < - 0.009 kJ/kg K


if the state point is located in the single phase region



3/49

Backward Function: Vapor Fraction x = f(p,h)

Function Name: x_ph_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION X_PH_97(P,H) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,H

Input values



Result

X_PH_97, X or x_ph_97 - Vapor fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)

Range of validity


Enthalpy range: according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and










Result X_PH_97, X = –1 or x_ph_97 = –1 for input values:


p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar

References: [1], [2], [3], [7]


3/50

Backward Function: Vapor Fraction x = f(v,h)

Function Name: x_vh_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION X_VH_97(V,H) for call from Fortran REAL*8 V,H

Input values

3 - Specific volume in m /kgvV


Result

X_VH_97, X or x_vh_97 - Vapor fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)

Range of validity











Result X_VH_97, X = –1 or x_vh_97 = –1 for input values:


p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar

References: [1], [2], [3], [15]


3/51

Backward Function: Vapor Fraction x = f(v,u)

Function Name: x_vu_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION X_VU_97(V,U) for call from Fortran REAL*8 V,U

Input values

3 - Specific volume in m /kgvV


Result

X_VU_97, X or x_vu_97 - Vapor fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)

Range of validity











Result X_VU_97, X = –1 or x_vu_97 = –1 for input values:


p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar

References: [1], [2], [3], [15]


3/52

Backward Function: Vapor Fraction x = f(p,s)

Function Name: x_ps_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION X_PS_97(P,S) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,S

Input values



Result

X_PS_97, X or x_ps_97 - Vapor fraction x in (kg saturated steam)/(kg wet steam)

Range of validity


Entropy range: according to pressures from 0.00611 bar to 1000 bar and










Result X_PS_97, X = –1 or x_ps_97 = –1 for input values:


p > 220.64 bar or p < 0.00611 bar

References: [1], [2], [3], [7]


3/53

Compression Factor = f( , , )z p t x

Function Name: z_ptx_97

Sub-program with function value: REAL*8 FUNCTION Z_PTX_97(P,T,X) for call from Fortran REAL*8 P,T,X

Input values




Result

, or - Compression factor zZ_PTX_97IT Z z_ptx_97IT

Range of validity





steam











pressure curve.

t c

t c




t t

p p


Result Z_PTX_97, Z = –1 or z_ptx_97 = –1 for input values:




sat | - ( )| > 0.1 Kt t p


Library LibIF97• Industrial Formulation

IAPWS-IF97 (Revision 2007)• Supplementary Standards

IAPWS-IF97-S01, -S03rev, -S04, and -S05

• IAPWS Revised Advisory Note No. 3 on Thermo-dynamic Derivatives (2008)

Library LibIF97_META• Industrial Formulation

IAPWS-IF97 (Revision 2007) for metastable steam

Water and Steam

Refrigerants

AmmoniaLibrary LibNH3

Formulation of Tillner-Roth et al. (1993)

R134aLibrary LibR134a

Formulation ofTillner-Roth and Baehr (1994)

Iso-ButaneLibrary LibButane_Iso

Formulation of Bücker and Wagner (2006)

n-ButaneLibrary LibButane_n

Formulation of Bücker and Wagner (2006)

Ideal Gas Mixtures

Library LibIdGasMixModel: Ideal mixture of the ideal gases:

Ar NO He PropyleneNe H2O F2 PropaneN2 SO2 NH3 Iso-ButaneO2 H2 Methane n-ButaneCO H2S Ethane BenzeneCO2 OH Ethylene MethanolAir

Consideration of:• Dissociation from the VDI Guideline 4670

Library LibIDGASModel: Ideal gas mixturefrom VDI Guideline 4670

Consideration of:• Dissociation from the VDI Guideline 4670

Carbon Dioxide

Library LibCO2Formulation of Span and Wagner (1996)

Humid AirLibrary ASHRAE LibHuAirProp

Model: Virial equation from ASHRAE Report RP-1485 for real mixture of

the real fluids:- Dry air - Steam

Consideration of:• Enhancement of the partial

saturation pressure of water vapor at elevated total pressures

www.ashrae.org/bookstore

Library LibSeaWaIAPWS Industrial Formulation 2013

IceLibrary LibICE

Ice from IAPWS-06, Melting and sublimation pressures from IAPWS-08, Water from IAPWS-IF97, Steam from

IAPWS-95 and -IF97

Property Libraries for Calculating Heat Cycles, Boilers, Turbines and Refrigerators

Library LibHuGasModel: Ideal mixture of the real fluids:

CO2 - Span, Wagner H2O - IAPWS-95O2 - Schmidt, Wagner N2 - Span et al.

Ar - Tegeler et al.and of the ideal gases:

SO2, CO, Ne (Scientific Formulation of Bücker et al.)

Consideration of:• Dissociation from VDI 4670• Poynting effect

Library LibHuAirModel: Ideal mixture ofthe real fluids:• Dry air from Lemmon et al.• Steam, water and ice from

IAPWS-IF97 and IAPWS-06

Consideration of:• Condensation and freezing

of steam• Dissociation from VDI 4670• Poynting effect from

ASHRAE RP-1485

Mixtures for Absorption Processes

Ammonia/Water MixturesLibrary LibAmWaIAPWS Guideline 2001

of Tillner-Roth and Friend (1998)

Helmholtz energy equation for the mixing term

(also useable for calculating the Kalina Cycle)

Water/Lithium Bromide MixturesLibrary LibWaLi

Formulation of Kim and Infante Ferreira (2004)

Gibbs energy equation for the mixing term

Liquid Coolants

Liquid Secondary RefrigerantsLibrary LibSecRef

Liquid solutions of water withC2H6O2 Ethylene glycolC3H8O2 Propylene glycolC2H5OH EthanolCH3OH MethanolC3H8O3 GlycerolK2CO3 Potassium carbonateCaCl2 Calcium chlorideMgCl2 Magnesium chlorideNaCl Sodium chlorideC2H3KO2 Potassium acetateCHKO2 Potassium formateLiCl Lithium chlorideNH3 Ammonia

Formulation of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR 2010)

Library LibRealAirFormulation of Lemmon et al. (2000)

Humid Combustion Gas Mixtures Humid Air

Ideal Gas Mixtures

Mixtures for Absorption Processes Liquid CoolantsRefrigerants

KCE-ThermoFluidPropertieswww.thermofluidprop.com

ThermoFluidProper t ies

Extremely Fast Property Calculations

Spline-Based Table Look-up Method (SBTL)

Library LibSBTL_IF97Library LibSBTL_95

Library LibSBTL_HuAirFor steam, water, humid air,

carbon dioxide and other fluids and mixtures according IAPWS Guideline 2015 for Computational Fluid

Dynamics (CFD), real-time and non-stationary simulations

Extremely Fast Property Calculations

Humid AirCarbon Dioxide Including Dry Ice

Dry Air Including Liquid Air

Seawater

Ice

Library LibC2H5OHFormulation of

Schroeder et al. (2014)

Decane C10H22 Library LibC10H22 Isopentane C5H12 Library LibC5H12_Iso

Neopentane C5H12 Library LibC5H12_NeoIsohexane C6H14 Library LibC6H14

Toluene C7H8 Library LibC7H8Formulation of Lemmon and Span (2006)

Further Fluids

Carbon monoxide CO Library LibCOCarbonyl sulfide COS Library LibCOSHydrogen sulfide H2S Library LibH2S

Nitrous oxide N2O Library LibN2OSulfur dioxide SO2 Library LibSO2

Acetone C3H6O Library LibC3H6OFormulation of Lemmon and Span (2006)

Library LibCH3OHFormulation of

de Reuck and Craven (1993)

Library LibPropaneFormulation of

Lemmon et al. (2009)

Library LibHeFormulation of

Arp et al. (1998)

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane C8H24O4Si4 Library LibD4

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane C10H30O5Si5 Library LibD5

Tetradecamethylhexasiloxane C14H42O5Si6 Library LibMD4M

Hexamethyldisiloxane C6H18OSi2 Library LibMM

Formulation of Colonna et al. (2006)

Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane C12H36O6Si6 Library LibD6

Decamethyltetrasiloxane C10H30O3Si4 Library LibMD2M

Dodecamethylpentasiloxane C12H36O4Si5 Library LibMD3M

Octamethyltrisiloxane C8H24O2Si3 Library LibMDM

Formulation of Colonna et al. (2008)

www.thermofluidprop.com

The following thermodynamic and transport properties can be calculateda:

Transport Properties• Dynamic viscosity η• Kinematic viscosity ν• Thermal conductivity λ• Prandtl number Pr• Thermal diffusivity a

• Partial derivatives used in process modeling can be calculated.

Thermodynamic Properties

• Vapor pressure ps

• Saturation temperature Ts

• Density ρ• Specific volume v• Enthalpy h • Internal energy u• Entropy s • Exergy e• Isobaric heat capacity cp• Isochoric heat capacity cv• Isentropic exponent κ• Speed of sound w• Surface tension σ

Backward Functions

• T, v, s (p,h)• T, v, h (p,s) • p, T, v (h,s) • p, T (v,h) • p, T (v,u)

a Not all of these property functions are available in all property libraries.

Thermodynamic Derivatives

Nitrogen and OxygenLibraries

LibN2 and LibO2Formulations of Span et al. (2000)and Schmidt and Wagner (1985)

Library LibH2Formulation of

Leachman et al. (2009)

KCE-ThermoFluidProperties UG & Co. KG Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim KretzschmarWallotstr. 3 01307 Dresden, Germany

Internet: www.thermofluidprop.comEmail: [email protected] Phone: +49-351-27597860Mobile: +49-172-7914607Fax: +49-3222-1095810

For more information please contact:

T hermoFluidPropert ies

Nitrogen and Oxygen

Hydrogen

Helium

Ethanol

Methanol

Propane

Hydrocarbons

Further Fluids

Siloxanes as ORC Working Fluids

Property Software for Calculating Heat Cycles, Boilers, Turbines and RefrigeratorsAdd-In FluidEXLGraphics for Excel®

Add-On FluidMAT for Mathcad®

Add-On FluidPRIME for Mathcad Prime®Add-On FluidLAB for MATLAB® and SIMULINK®

Using the Add-In FluidLAB theproperty functions can be called in MATLAB® and SIMULINK®.The property libraries can be used in Mathcad® and Mathcad Prime®.

Choosing a propertylibrary and a function

Menu for the input of given property values

Displaying the calculatedvalues in diagrams

Function callof FluidMAT

Function callof FluidLAB

Add-On FluidVIEW for LabVIEW™The property functions can be calculated in LabVIEW™.

Add-On FluidDYM for DYMOLA® (Modelica) and SimulationX®

The property functions can be called in DYMOLA® and SimulationX®.

KCE-ThermoFluidPropertieswww.thermofluidprop.com

ThermoFluidProper t ies

Internet: www.thermofluidprop.comEmail: [email protected] Phone: +49-351-27597860Mobile: +49-172-7914607Fax: +49-3222-1095810

KCE-ThermoFluidProperties UG & Co. KG Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim KretzschmarWallotstr. 3 01307 Dresden, Germany

Add-On FluidEES forEngineering Equation Solver®

App International Steam Tablesfor iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Android Smartphones and Tablets

Online Property Calculator at www.thermofluidprop.com

Property Software for Pocket Calculators

FluidCasio

fx 9750 G II CFX 9850fx-GG20

CFX 9860 GGraph 85

ALGEBRAFX 2.0

HP 48 HP 49

FluidHP FluidTI

TI 83TI 84TI 89

TI Voyage 200

TI 92

www.thermofluidprop.com

The following thermodynamic and transport propertiesa can be calculated in Excel®, MATLAB®, Mathcad®, Engineering Equation Solver® (EES), DYMOLA® (Modelica), SimulationX® and LabVIEW™:

Transport Properties• Dynamic viscosity η• Kinematic viscosity ν• Thermal conductivity λ• Prandtl number Pr• Thermal diffusivity a

• Partial derivatives used in process modeling can be calculated.

Thermodynamic Properties

• Vapor pressure ps

• Saturation temperature Ts

• Density ρ• Specific volume v• Enthalpy h • Internal energy u• Entropy s • Exergy e• Isobaric heat capacity cp• Isochoric heat capacity cv• Isentropic exponent κ• Speed of sound w• Surface tension σ

Backward Functions

• T, v, s (p,h)• T, v, h (p,s) • p, T, v (h,s) • p, T (v,h) • p, T (v,u)

a Not all of these property functions are available in all property libraries.

Thermodynamic Derivatives

TI Nspire CX CASTI Nspire CAS

For more information please contact:

T hermoFluidPropert ies


5/1

5. References

[1] IAPWS: R7-97, Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the

Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (2012).

Available from the IAPWS website http://www.iapws.org.

[2] Kretzschmar, H.-J., Wagner, W.:

International Steam Tables.

Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2019).

[3] IAPWS: AN3-07, Revised Advisory Note No. 3: Calculation of Thermodynamic

Derivatives for Water and Steam from the IAPWS Formulations (2014).


[4] IAPWS: R15-11: Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal

Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance (2011).


[5] IAPWS: R12-08: Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of

Ordinary Water Substance (2008).


[6] IAPWS: SR2-01, Revised Supplementary Release on Backward Equations for

Pressure as a Function of Enthalpy and Entropy p(h,s) to the IAPWS Industrial

Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (2014).


[7] IAPWS: SR3-03, Revised Supplementary Release on Backward Equations for the

Functions T(p,h), v(p,h), and T(p,s), v(p,s) for Region 3 of the IAPWS Industrial

Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (2014).

Available from the IAPWS Website http://www.iapws.org.

[8] IAPWS: SR4-04, Revised Supplementary Release on Backward Equations p(h,s) for

Region 3, Equations as a Function of h and s for the Region Boundaries, and an

Equation Tsat(h,s) for Region 4 of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the

Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (2014).


[9] IAPWS: SR5-05, Revised Supplementary Release on Backward Equations for

Specific Volume as a Function of Pressure and Temperature v(p,T) for Region 3 of

the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water

and Steam (2014).


[10] IAPWS: R14-08: Revised Release on the Pressure along the Melting and Sublimation

Curves of Ordinary Water Substance (2011).


[11] IAPWS: R1-76: Revised Release on the Surface Tension of Ordinary Water

Substance (2014).



5/2

[12] IAPWS: R6-95, Revised Release on the IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the

Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific

Use (2016).


[13] IAPWS: R9-97, Release on the Refractive Index of Ordinary Water Substance as a

Function of Wavelength, Temperature and Pressure (1997)


[14] IAPWS: R8-97, Release on the Static Dielectric Constant of Ordinary Water

Substance for Temperatures from 238 K to 873 K and Pressures up to 1000 MPa

(1997)


[15] Salomo, B.:

Calculation of the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide / water mixtures for the

modeling of energy conversion processes with CO2 separation.

Diploma Thesis, Hochschule Zittau/Goerlitz (2007).


6. Satisfied Customers

Date: 12/2020

The following companies and institutions use the property libraries:

- FluidEXLGraphics for Excel® incl. VBA

- FluidLAB for MATLAB® and Simulink

- FluidMAT for Mathcad®

- FluidPRIME for Mathcad Prime®

- FluidEES for Engineering Equation Solver® EES

- FluidDYM for Dymola® (Modelica) and SimulationX®

- FluidVIEW for LabVIEW™

- FluidPYT for Python

- DLLs for Windows™ Applications

- Shared Objects for Linux®.

2020

Drill Cool, Bakersfield CA,USA 12/2020

Manders, The Netherlands

RWE Essen

NEOWAT Lodz, Poland

University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 11/2020

Stellenbosch University, South Africa

University De France-COMTe, France

RWE Essen

STEAG, Herne

Isenmann Ingenierbüro

University of Stuttgart, ITLR, Stuttgart

Norsk Energi, Norway

TGM Kanis, Nürnberg

Stadtwerke Neuburg 10/2020

Smurfit Kappa, Roermond, The Netherlands

RWE Essen

Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz, Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen

Stadtwerke Neuburg

ILK, Dresden

ATESTEO, Alsdorf

Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz, Maschinenwesen

TH Nürnberg, Verfahrenstechnik

Drill Cool, Bakersfield CA,USA 09/2020

RWE Essen

2Meyers Ingenieurbüro, Nürnberg

FELUWA, Mürlenbach

Stadtwerke Neuburg

Caverion, Wien, Austria


GMVA Niederrhein, Oberhausen

INWAT Lodz, Poland

Troche Ingenieurbüro, Hayingen 08/2020

CEA Saclay, France

VPC, Vetschau 07/2020

FSK System-Kälte-Klima, Dortmund

Exergie Etudes, Sarl, Switzerland

AWG Wuppertal

STEAG Energy Services, Zwingenberg

Hochschule Braunschweig 06/2020

DBI, Leipzig

GOHL-KTK, Dumersheim

TU Dresden, Energieverfahrenstechnik

BASF SE, ESI/EE, Ludwigshafen

Wärme Hamburg

Ruchti Ingenieurbüro, Uster, Switzerland

IWB, Basel, Switzerland

Midiplan, Bietingen-Bissingen 05/2020

Knieschke, Ingenieurbüro

RWE, Essen

Leser, Hamburg

AGRANA, Gmünd, Austria

EWT Wassertechnik, Celle

Hochschule Darmstadt 04/2020

MTU München CCP

HAW Hamburg 03/2020

Hanon, Novi Jicin, Czech Republic

TU Dresden, Kältetechnik

MAN, Copenhagen, Denmark

EnerTech, Radebeul 02/2020

LEAG, Cottbus

B+B Enginering Magdeburg

Hochschule Offenburg

WIB, Dennheritz 01/2020

Universität Duisburg-Essen, Strömungsmaschinen

Kältetechnik Dresen-Bremen

TH Ingolstadt

Vattenfall AB, Jokkmokk, Sweden

Fraunhofer UMSICHT

2019

PEU Leipzig, Rötha 12/2019

MB-Holding, Vestenbergsgreuth

RWE, Essen

Georg-Büchner-Hochschule, Darmstadt 11/2019

EEB ENERKO, Aldenhoven

Robert Benoufa Energietechnik, Wiesloch


Kehrein & Kubanek Klimatechnik, Moers 10/2019

Hanon Systems Autopal Services, Hluk, Czech Republic

CEA Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette cedex, France

Saudi Energy Efficiency Center SEEC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

VPC, Vetschau 09/2019

jGanser PM + Engineering, Forchheim

Endress+Hauser Flowtec AG, Reinach, Switzerland

Ruchti IB, Uster, Switzerland

ZWILAG Zwischenlager Würenlingen, Switzerland 08/2019

Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz, Faculty Maschinenwesen

Stadtwerke Neubrandenburg

Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt PTB, Braunschweig

GMVA Oberhausen 07/2019

Endress+Hauser Flowtec AG, Reinach, Switzerland

WARNICA, Waterloo, Canada

MIBRAG, Zeitz 06/2019

Pöyry, Zürich, Switzerland

RWTH Aachen, Institut für Strahlantriebe und Turbomaschinen

Midiplan, Bietigheim-Bissingen

GKS Schweinfurt

HS Zittau/Görlitz, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen

ILK Dresden

HZDR Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

TH Köln, Technische Gebäudeausrüstung 05/2019

IB Knittel, Braunschweig

Norsk Energi, Oslo, Norway

STEAG, Essen

Stora Enso, Eilenburg

IB Lücke, Paderborn

Haarslev, Sonderso, Denmark

MAN Augsburg

Wieland Werke, Ulm 04/2019

Fels-Werke, Elbingerode

Univ. Luxembourg, Luxembourg

BTU Cottbus, Power Engineering 03/2009

Eins-Energie Sachsen, Schwarzenberg

TU Dresden, Kälte- und Kryotechnik

ITER, St. Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France

Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Oberhausen

Comparex Leipzig for Spedition Thiele HEMMERSBACH

Rückert NaturGas, Lauf/Pegnitz

BASF, Basel, Switzerland 02/2019

Stadtwerke Leipzig

Maerz Ofenbau Zürich, Switzerland

Hanon Systems Germany, Kerpen

Thermofin, Heinsdorfergrund 01/2019

BSH Berlin


2018

Jaguar Energy, Guatemala 12/2018

WEBASTO, Gilching

Smurfit Kappa, Oosterhout, Netherlands

Univ. BW München

RAIV, Liberec for VALEO, Prague, Czech Republic 11/2018

VPC Group Vetschau

SEITZ, Wetzikon, Switzerland

MVV, Mannheim 10/2018

IB Troche

KANIS Turbinen, Nürnberg

TH Ingolstadt, Institut für neue Energiesysteme

IB Kristl & Seibt, Graz, Austria 09/2018

INEOS, Köln

IB Lücke, Paderborn

Südzucker, Ochsenfurt 08/2018

K&K Turbinenservice, Bielefeld 07/2018

OTH Regensburg, Elektrotechnik

Comparex Leipzig for LEAG, Berlin 06/2018

Münstermann, Telgte 05/2018

TH Nürnberg, Verfahrenstechnik

Universität Madrid, Madrid, Spanien

HS Zittau/Görlitz, Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen

HS Niederrhein, Krefeld

Wilhelm-Büchner HS, Pfungstadt 03/2018

GRS, Köln

WIB, Dennheritz

RONAL AG, Härklingen, Schweiz 02/2018

Ingenieurbüro Leipert, Riegelsberg

AIXPROCESS, Aachen

KRONES, Neutraubling

Doosan Lentjes, Ratingen 01/2018

2017

Compact Kältetechnik, Dresden 12/2017

Endress + Hauser Messtechnik GmbH +Co. KG, Hannover

TH Mittelhessen, Gießen 11/2017

Haarslev Industries, Søndersø, Denmark

Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz, Fachgebiet Energiesystemtechnik

ATESTEO, Alsdorf 10/2017

Wijbenga, PC Geldermalsen, Netherlands

Fels-Werke GmbH, Elbingerode

KIT Karlsruhe, Institute für Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik 09/2017

Air-Consult, Jena

Papierfabrik Koehler, Oberkirch

ZWILAG, Würenlingen, Switzerland

TLK-Thermo Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 08/2017


Fichtner IT Consulting AG, Stuttgart 07/2017

Hochschule Ansbach, Ansbach 06/2017

RONAL, Härkingen, Switzerland

BORSIG Service, Berlin

BOGE Kompressoren, Bielefeld

STEAG Energy Services, Zwingenberg

CES clean energy solutions, Wien, Austria 04/2017

Princeton University, Princeton, USA

B2P Bio-to-Power, Wadersloh

TU Dresden, Institute for Energy Engineering, Dresden

SAINT-GOBAIN, Vaujours, France 03/2017

TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Chair of Thermodynamics, Freiberg

SCHMIDT + PARTNER, Therwil, Switzerland

KAESER Kompressoren, Gera

F&R, Praha, Czech Republic

ULT Umwelt-Lufttechnik, Löbau 02/2017

JS Energie & Beratung, Erding

Kelvion Brazed PHE, Nobitz-Wilchwitz

MTU Aero Engines, München

Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz, IPM 01/2017

CombTec ProCE, Zittau

SHELL Deutschland Oil, Wesseling

MARTEC Education Center, Frederikshaven, Denmark

SynErgy Thermal Management, Krefeld

2016

BOGE Druckluftsysteme, Bielefeld 12/2016

BFT Planung, Aachen 11/2016

Midiplan, Bietigheim-Bissingen

BBE Barnich IB

Wenisch IB,

INL, Idaho Falls

TU Kältetechnik, Dresden

Kopf SynGas, Sulz

I INL Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, USA

NTVEN, Bellevne (USA)

DREWAG Dresden, Dresden 10/2016

AGO AG Energie+Anlagen, Kulmbach

Universität Stuttgart, ITW, Stuttgart 09/2016

Pöyry Deutschland GmbH, Dresden

Siemens AG, Erlangen

BASF über Fichtner IT Consulting AG

B+B Engineering GmbH, Magdeburg

Wilhelm Büchner Hochschule, Pfungstadt 08/2016

Webasto Thermo & Comfort SE, Gliching

TU Dresden, Dresden

Endress+Hauser Messtechnik GmbH+Co. KG, Hannover

D + B Kältetechnik, Althausen 07/2016


Fichtner IT Consulting AG, Stuttgart

AB Electrolux, Krakow, Poland

ENEXIO Germany GmbH, Herne

VPC GmbH, Vetschau/Spreewald

INWAT, Lodz, Poland

E.ON SE, Düsseldorf

Planungsbüro Waidhas GmbH, Chemnitz

ILK Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik GmbH, Dresden

EEB Enerko, Aldershoven

IHEBA Naturenergie GmbH & Co. KG, Pfaffenhofen

SSP Kälteplaner AG, Wolfertschwenden

EEB ENERKO Energiewirtschaftliche Beratung GmbH, Berlin

BOGE Kompressoren Otto BOGE GmbH & Co KG, Bielefeld 06/2016

Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik, Dresden

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 04/2016

INWAT, Lodzi, Poland

Planungsbüro WAIDHAS GmbH, Chemnitz

STEAG Energy Services GmbH, Laszlo Küppers, Zwingenberg 03/2016

WULFF & UMAG Energy Solutions GmbH, Husum

FH Bielefeld, Bielefeld

EWT Eckert Wassertechnik GmbH, Celle

ILK Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik GmbH, Dresden 02/2016

IEV KEMA - DNV GV – Energie, Dresden

Allborg University, Department of Energie, Aalborg, Denmark

G.A.M. Heat GmbH, Gräfenhainichen

Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik, Dresden

Bosch, Stuttgart

INL Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, USA 01/2016

Friedl ID, Wien, Austria

Technical University of Dresden, Dresden

2015

EES Enerko, Aachen 12/2015

Ruldolf IB, Strau, Austria

Allborg University, Department of Energie, Aalborg, Denmark

University of Lyubljana, Slovenia

Steinbrecht IB, Berlin 11/2015

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

STEAK, Essen

Bosch, Lohmar 10/2015

Team Turbo Machines, Rouen, France 09/2015

BTC – Business Technology Consulting AG, Oldenburg 07/2015

KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen

ILK, Dresden

Schniewindt GmbH & Co. KG, Neuenwalde 08/2015

2014

PROJEKTPLAN, Dohna 04/2014


Technical University of Vienna, Austria

MTU Aero Engines AG, Munich

GKS, Schweinfurt 03/2014

Technical University of Nuremberg

EP-E, Niederstetten

Rückert NatUrgas GmbH, Lauf

YESS-World, South Korea

ZAB, Dessau 02/2014

KIT-TVT, Karlsruhe

Stadtwerke Neuburg

RWE Essen

Technical University of Prague, Czech Republic

HS Augsburg

Envi-con, Nuremberg 01/2014

DLR, Stuttgart

Doosan Lentjes, Ratingen

Technical University of Berlin

Technical University of Munich

Technical University of Braunschweig

M&M Turbinentechnik, Bielefeld

2013

TRANTER-GmbH, Artern 12/2013

SATAKE, Shanghai, China

STEAG, Herne

SÜDSALZ, Bad Friedrichshall

RWE, Essen

OITH, Kunshan, China

ULT, Löbau

MAN, Copenhagen, Dänemark 11/2013

DREWAG, Dresden

Siemens, Frankenthal

VGB, Essen

Haarslev Industries, Herlev, Dänemark

Fichtner IT, Stuttgart

RWE, Essen

STEAG, Herne

Ingersoll-Rand, Oberhausen

Wilhelm-Büchner HS, Darmstadt 10/2013

IAV, Chemnitz

T Siemens, Frankenthal

echnical University of Regensburg

PD-Energy, Bitterfeld 09/2013

Thermofin, Heinsdorfergrund

SHI, New Jersey, USA

M&M Turbinentechnik, Bielefeld 08/2013

BEG-BHV, Bremerhaven

ILK, Dresden


University of Maryland, USA

TIG-Group, Husum

RWE, Essen

University of Budapest, Hungary

Siemens, Frankenthal

VGB, Essen 07/2013

Brunner Energieberatung, Zurich, Switzerland

Technical University of Deggendorf

University of Maryland, USA

University of Princeton, USA

NIST, Boulder, USA 06/2013

IGUS GmbH, Dresden

BHR Bilfinger, Essen

SÜDSALZ, Bad Friedrichshall

Technician School of Berlin 05/2013

KIER, Gajeong-ro, Südkorea

Schwing/Stetter GmbH, Memmingen

Vattenfall, Berlin

AUTARK, Kleinmachnow

STEAG, Zwingenberg

Hochtief, Düsseldorf

University of Stuttgart 04/2013

Technical University -Bundeswehr, Munich

Rerum Cognitio Forschungszentrum, Frankfurt

Kältetechnik Dresen + Bremen, Alfhausen

University Auckland, New Zealand

MASDAR Institut, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 03/2013

Simpelkamp, Dresden 02/2013

VEO, Eisenhüttenstadt

ENTEC, Auerbach

Caterpillar, Kiel

Technical University of Wismar

Technical University of Dusseldorf

ILK, Dresden 01/2013


Schnepf Ingeniuerbüro, Nagold

Schütz Engineering, Wadgassen

Endress & Hauser, Reinach, Switzerland

Oschatz GmbH, Essen

frischli Milchwerke, Rehburg-Loccum

2012

Voith, Bayreuth 12/2012

Technical University of Munich

Dillinger Huette

University of Stuttgart 11/2012

Siemens, Muehlheim



Sennheiser, Hannover

Oschatz GmbH, Essen 10/2012


Helbling Technik AG, Zurich, Switzerland

University of Duisburg

Rerum Cognitio Forschungszentrum, Frankfurt 09/2012

Pöyry Deutschland GmbH, Dresden 08/2012

Extracciones, Guatemala

RWE, Essen

Weghaus Consulting Engineers, Wuerzburg

GKS, Schweinfurt 07/2012

RWE Essen

SEITZ, Wetzikon, Switzerland

SPX Balcke-Dürr, Ratingen

airinotec, Bayreuth

GEA, Nobitz

Meyer Werft, Papenburg

STEAG, Herne

GRS, Cologne 06/2012

Fichtner IT Consult, Chennai, India

Siemens, Freiburg

Nikon Research of America, Belmont, USA

Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld

STEAG, Zwingenberg

Mainova, Frankfurt on Main 05/2012 Endress & Hauser

Siemens, Erlangen

PEU, Espenheim

Luzern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland

BASF, Ludwigshafen (general license) SPX Balcke-Dürr, Ratingen

Gruber-Schmidt, Wien, Austria 04/2012

Vattenfall, Berlin

ALSTOM, Baden

SKW, Piesteritz

TERA Ingegneria, Trento, Italy

Siemens, Erlangen

LAWI Power, Dresden

Stadtwerke Leipzig

SEITZ, Wetzikon, Switzerland 03/2012

M & M, Bielefeld

Sennheiser, Wedemark

SPG, Montreuil Cedex, France 02/2012

German Destilation, Sprendlingen

Lopez, Munguia, Spain

Endress & Hauser, Hannover

Palo Alto Research Center, USA

WIPAK, Walsrode


Freudenberg, Weinheim 01/2012

Fichtner, Stuttgart

airinotec, Bayreuth

University Auckland, New Zealand

VPC, Vetschau

Franken Guss, Kitzingen

2011

XRG-Simulation, Hamburg 12/2011

Smurfit Kappa PPT, AX Roermond, Netherlands

AWTEC, Zurich, Switzerland

eins-energie, Bad Elster

BeNow, Rodenbach 11/2011

Luzern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland

GMVA, Oberhausen

CCI, Karlsruhe 10/2011

W.-Büchner University of Applied Sciences, Pfungstadt

PLANAIR, La Sagne, Switzerland

Weihenstephan University of Applied Sciences

LAWI, Dresden

Lopez, Munguia, Spain

University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa

Voith, Heidenheim 09/2011

SpgBe Montreal, Canada


SPG TECH, Montreuil Cedex, France

Voith, Heidenheim-Mergelstetten

MTU Aero Engines, Munich 08/2011

RWTH Aachen University

F Technical University of Dresden

ichtner IT Consulting, Stuttgart ,

MIBRAG, Zeitz

RWE, Essen 07/2011

Fels, Elingerode


Forschungszentrum Juelich

RWTH Aachen University

INNEO Solutions, Ellwangen 06/2011

Fichtner IT Consulting, Stuttgart


Technical University of Dresden

Caliqua, Basel, Switzerland

Technical University of Freiberg

Fichtner IT Consulting, Stuttgart 05/2011


Salzgitter Flachstahl, Salzgitter

Helbling Beratung & Bauplanung, Zurich, Switzerland

INEOS, Cologne 04/2011


Enseleit Consulting Engineers, Siebigerode

Witt Consulting Engineers, Stade 03/2011

Helbling, Zurich, Switzerland

MAN Diesel, Copenhagen, Denmark

AGO, Kulmbach


CCP, Marburg

BASF, Ludwigshafen 02/2011

ALSTOM Power, Baden, Switzerland

Universität der Bundeswehr, Munich

Calorifer, Elgg, Switzerland 01/2011

STRABAG, Vienna, Austria

TUEV Sued, Munich

ILK Dresden


2010

Umweltinstitut Neumarkt 12/2010

YIT Austria, Vienna, Austria

MCI Innsbruck, Austria

University of Stuttgart

HS Cooler, Wittenburg

MCE, Berlin

S ILK, Dresden

iemens Energy, Goerlitz

Visteon, Novi Jicin, Czech Republic

CompuWave, Brunntal

Stadtwerke Leipzig

MCI Innsbruck, Austria

EVONIK Energy Services, Zwingenberg

Caliqua, Basel, Switzerland 11/2010

Shanghai New Energy Resources Science & Technology, China

Energieversorgung Halle

Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart, University of Applied Sciences

Steinmueller, Berlin

Amberg-Weiden University of Applied Sciences

AREVA NP, Erlangen 10/2010

MAN Diesel, Augsburg

KRONES, Neutraubling

Glen Dimplex, Kulmbach

Vaillant, Remscheid

PC Ware, Leipzig

Schubert Consulting Engineers, Weißenberg

Fraunhofer Institut UMSICHT, Oberhausen

Behringer Consulting Engineers, Tagmersheim 09/2010

Saacke, Bremen

WEBASTO, Neubrandenburg

Concordia University, Montreal, Canada


Compañía Eléctrica de Sochagota, Bogota, Colombia 08/2010

Hannover University of Applied Sciences

ERGION, Mannheim 07/2010

Glen Dimplex, Kulmbach


TF Design, Matieland, South Africa

MCE, Berlin

IPM, Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences 06/2010

TUEV Sued, Dresden

RWE IT, Essen

Glen Dimplex, Kulmbach 05/2010

Hot Rock, Karlsruhe

D ALSTOM Power, Baden, Switzerland

armstadt University of Applied Sciences

Voith, Heidenheim 04/2010

CombTec, Zittau

University of Glasgow, Great Britain

Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Munich

Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg

Vattenfall Europe, Berlin

HUBER Consulting Engineers, Berching

VER, Dresden

CCP, Marburg 03/2010

Offenburg University of Applied Sciences


NIST Boulder CO, USA

Technical University of Dresden 02/2010

Siemens Energy, Nuremberg

Augsburg University of Applied Sciences


MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA, USA

Wieland Werke, Ulm 01/2010

Siemens Energy, Goerlitz

Technical University of Freiberg

ILK, Dresden

Fischer-Uhrig Consulting Engineers, Berlin

2009

ALSTOM Power, Baden, Schweiz 01/2009

Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG, Doettingen, Switzerland 02/2009

RWE, Neurath

Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus

Hamburg University of Applied Sciences

Kehrein, Moers 03/2009

EPP Software, Marburg

ALSTOM Power, Baden, Schweiz

Bernd Münstermann, Telgte

Suedzucker, Zeitz


CPP, Marburg

Gelsenkirchen University of Applied Sciences 04/2009

Regensburg University of Applied Sciences 05/2009

ALSTOM Power, Baden, Schweiz

Gatley & Associates, Atlanta, USA

BOSCH, Stuttgart 06/2009

Dr. Nickolay, Consulting Engineers, Gommersheim

Ferrostal Power, Saarlouis

BHR Bilfinger, Essen

Intraserv, Wiesbaden

Lausitz University of Applied Sciences, Senftenberg

Nuernberg University of Applied Sciences


Fraunhofer Institut UMSICHT, Oberhausen 07/2009

BOSCH, Stuttgart

Bischoff, Aurich


Techsoft, Linz, Austria 08/2009

DLR, Stuttgart

Wienstrom, Vienna, Austria

RWTH Aachen University 09/2009

Vattenfall, Hamburg 10/2009

AIC, Chemnitz

Midiplan, Bietigheim-Bissingen 11/2009

Institute of Air Handling and Refrigeration ILK, Dresden

FZD, Rossendorf

Techgroup, Ratingen

Robert Sack, Heidelberg

EC, Heidelberg

MCI, Innsbruck, Austria 12/2009

Saacke, Bremen 12/2009

ENERKO, Aldenhoven 12/2009

2008

Pink, Langenwang 01/2008

Fischer-Uhrig, Berlin

University of Karlsruhe

MAAG, Kuesnacht, Switzerland 02/2008

M&M Turbine Technology, Bielefeld

Lentjes, Ratingen 03/2008

Siemens Power Generation, Goerlitz 04/2008

Evonik, Zwingenberg (general EBSILON program license)

WEBASTO, Neubrandenburg

CFC Solutions, Munich

RWE IT, Essen 04/2008

Rerum Cognitio, Zwickau

ARUP, Berlin 05/2008



Research Center, Karlsruhe 07/2008

AWECO, Neukirch

Technical University of Dresden,

Professorship of Building Services

Technical University of Cottbus,

Ingersoll-Rand, Unicov, Czech Republic 08/2008

Technip Benelux BV, Zoetermeer, Netherlands

Fennovoima Oy, Helsinki, Finland

Fichtner Consulting & IT, Stuttgart 09/2008

PEU, Espenhain

Poyry, Dresden

WINGAS, Kassel

TUEV Sued, Dresden 10/2008



AWTEC, Zurich, Switzerland 11/2008


Siemens Power Generation, Erlangen 12/2008

2007

Audi, Ingolstadt 02/2007

ANO Abfallbehandlung Nord, Bremen

TUEV NORD SysTec, Hamburg

VER, Dresden

Technical University of Dresden, Chair in Jet Propulsion Systems

Redacom, Nidau, Switzerland

Universität der Bundeswehr, Munich

Maxxtec, Sinsheim 03/2007

University of Rostock, Chair in Technical Thermodynamics

AGO, Kulmbach

University of Stuttgart, Chair in Aviation Propulsions

Siemens Power Generation, Duisburg

ENTHAL Haustechnik, Rees 05/2007

AWECO, Neukirch

ALSTOM, Rugby, Great Britain 06/2007

SAAS, Possendorf

Grenzebach BSH, Bad Hersfeld 06/2007

Reichel Engineering, Haan


Voith Paper Air Systems, Bayreuth

Egger Holzwerkstoffe, Wismar

Tissue Europe Technologie, Mannheim

Dometic, Siegen 07/2007

RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Electrophysics 09/2007

National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburg, USA 10/2007


AL-KO, Jettingen

Grenzebach BSH, Bad Hersfeld


Wiesbaden University of Applied Sciences, Endress+Hauser Messtechnik, Hannover 11/2007


Siemens Power Generation, Erlangen

Munich University of Applied Sciences, Rerum Cognitio, Zwickau 12/2007


2006

STORA ENSO Sachsen, Eilenburg 01/2006

Technical University of Munich, Chair in Energy Systems

NUTEC Engineering, Bisikon, Switzerland

Conwel eco, Bochov, Czech Republic

Offenburg University of Applied Sciences

KOCH Transporttechnik, Wadgassen

BEG Bremerhavener Entsorgungsgesellschaft 02/2006

Deggendorf University of Applied Sciences, University of Stuttgart,

Siemens Power Generation, Erlangen

Technical University of Munich,

Chair in Apparatus and Plant Engineering

Energietechnik Leipzig (company license),

Siemens Power Generation, Erlangen 03/2006

RWE Power, Essen

WAETAS, Pobershau 04/2006

NUTEC Engineering, Bisikon, Switzerland

Siemens Power Generation, Goerlitz

Technical University of Braunschweig,

EnviCon & Plant Engineering, Nuremberg

Brassel Engineering, Dresden 05/2006

University of Halle-Merseburg, Technical University of Dresden,

Fichtner Consulting & IT Stuttgart (company licenses and distribution)

Suedzucker, Ochsenfurt 06/2006


Feistel Engineering, Volkach 07/2006

ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, Kiel

Caliqua, Basel, Switzerland (company license) 09/2006

Atlas-Stord, Rodovre, Denmark

Konstanz University of Applied Sciences, 10/2006 Siemens Power Generation, Duisburg

Hannover University of Applied Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Siemens Power Generation, Berlin 11/2006

Zikesch Armaturentechnik, Essen

Wismar University of Applied Sciences, Seafaring Department

BASF, Schwarzheide 12/2006

Enertech Energie und Technik, Radebeul


2005

TUEV Nord, Hannover 01/2005

J.H.K Plant Engineering and Service, Bremerhaven

Electrowatt-EKONO, Zurich, Switzerland

FCIT, Stuttgart

Energietechnik Leipzig (company license)

eta Energieberatung, Pfaffenhofen 02/2005

FZR Forschungszentrum, Rossendorf/Dresden 04/2005

University of Saarbruecken




TUEV Nord, Hamburg

Technical University of Dresden, Waste Management 05/2005

Siemens Power Generation, Goerlitz

Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences,

Redacom, Nidau, Switzerland 06/2005

Dumas Verfahrenstechnik, Hofheim

Alensys Engineering, Erkner 07/2005


Stadtwerke Leipzig

SaarEnergie, Saarbruecken

ALSTOM ITC, Rugby, Great Britain 08/2005

Technical University of Cottbus, Chair in Power Plant Engineering

Vattenfall Europe, Berlin (group license)

Technical University of Berlin 10/2005

Basel University of Applied Sciences,

Midiplan, Bietigheim-Bissingen 11/2005

Technical University of Freiberg, Chair in Hydrogeology

STORA ENSO Sachsen, Eilenburg 12/2005

Energieversorgung Halle (company license)

KEMA IEV, Dresden

2004

Vattenfall Europe (group license) 01/2004

TUEV Nord, Hamburg

University of Stuttgart, Institute of Thermodynamics and Heat Engineering 02/2004

MAN B&W Diesel A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

Siemens AG Power Generation, Erlangen

Ulm University of Applied Sciences 03/2004

Visteon, Kerpen


Professorship of Thermic Energy Machines and Plants 04/2004


University of Saarbruecken 4


SOFBID Zwingenberg (general EBSILON program license)

EnBW Energy Solutions, Stuttgart 05/2004


HEW-Kraftwerk, Tiefstack 06/2004

h s energieanlagen, Freising 07/2004

FCIT, Stuttgart 08/2004

Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig

Mainova Frankfurt

Rietschle Energieplaner, Winterthur, Switzerland

MAN Turbo Machines, Oberhausen 09/2004

TUEV Sued, Dresden 10/2004

STEAG Kraftwerk, Herne

University of Weimar

Visteon, Kerpen

energeticals (e-concept), Munich 11/2004

SorTech, Halle

Enertech EUT, Radebeul (company license)

Munich University of Applied Sciences 12/2004

STORA ENSO Sachsen, Eilenburg


STEAG Kraftwerk, Herne

Freudenberg Service, Weinheim

2003

Paper Factory, Utzenstorf, Switzerland 01/2003

MAB Plant Engineering, Vienna, Austria

Wulff Energy Systems, Husum

Technip Benelux BV, Zoetermeer, Netherlands


VER, Dresden 02/2003

Rietschle Energieplaner, Winterthur, Switzerland

DLR, Leupholdhausen 04/2003

Emden University of Applied Sciences, Department of Technology 05/2003

Petterssson+Ahrends, Ober-Moerlen

SOFBID ,Zwingenberg (general EBSILON program license)

Ingenieurbuero Ostendorf, Gummersbach

TUEV Nord, Hamburg 06/2003

Muenstermann GmbH, Telgte-Westbevern

University of Cali, Colombia 07/2003


Atlas-Stord, Rodovre, Denmark 08/2003

ENERKO, Aldenhoven

STEAG RKB, Leuna

eta Energieberatung, Pfaffenhofen

exergie, Dresden 09/2003

AWTEC, Zurich, Switzerland

Energie, Timelkam, Austria


LG, Annaberg-Buchholz 10/2003

FZR Forschungszentrum, Rossendorf/Dresden

EnviCon & Plant Engineering, Nuremberg 11/2003


Visteon, Kerpen

VEO Vulkan Energiewirtschaft Oderbruecke, Eisenhuettenstadt

Stadtwerke Hannover


Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Munich 12/2003

Erfurt University of Applied Sciences,

SorTech, Freiburg

Mainova, Frankfurt


2002

Hamilton Medical AG, Rhaezuens, Switzerland 01/2002

Bochum University of Applied Sciences,

SAAS, Possendorf/Dresden 02/2002

Siemens, Karlsruhe

FZR Forschungszentrum, Rossendorf/Dresden 03/2002

CompAir, Simmern

GKS Gemeinschaftskraftwerk, Schweinfurt 04/2002

ALSTOM Power Baden, Switzerland (group licenses) 05/2002

InfraServ, Gendorf

SoftSolutions, Muehlhausen (company license)

DREWAG, Dresden (company license)

SOFBID, Zwingenberg (general EBSILON program license) 06/2002

Kleemann Engineering, Dresden

Caliqua, Basel, Switzerland (company license) 07/2002

PCK Raffinerie, Schwedt (group license)

Fischer-Uhrig Engineering, Berlin 08/2002

Fichtner Consulting & IT, Stuttgart (company licenses and distribution)

Stadtwerke Duisburg

Stadtwerke Hannover 09/2002


Energieversorgung Halle (company license)

Bayer, Leverkusen 11/2002

Dillinger Huette, Dillingen

G.U.N.T. Geraetebau, Barsbuettel (general license and training test benches) 12/2002

VEAG, Berlin

2001

ALSTOM Power, Baden, Switzerland 01/2001

KW2 B. V., Amersfoot, Netherlands

Eco Design, Saitamaken, Japan


MVV Energie, Mannheim 02/2001


PREUSSAG NOELL, Wuerzburg 03/2001

Fichtner Consulting & IT Stuttgart (company licenses and distribution) 04/2001

Muenstermann GmbH, Telgte-Westbevern 05/2001



ALSTOM Power, Baden, Switzerland 06/2001

Siemens, Karlsruhegeneral license for the WinIS information system) 08/2001

Neusiedler AG, Ulmerfeld, Austria 09/2001

h s energieanlagen, Freising



IPM Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences (general license) 10/2001

eta Energieberatung, Pfaffenhofen 11/2001

KW2 B. V., Amersfoot, Netherlands

ALSTOM Power Baden, Switzerland 12/2001

VEAG, Berlin (group license)

2000

SOFBID, Zwingenberg (general EBSILON program license) 01/2000

AG KKK - PGW Turbo, Leipzig

PREUSSAG NOELL, Wuerzburg


IBR Engineering Reis, Nittendorf-Undorf 02/2000

GK, Hannover 03/2000

KRUPP-UHDE, Dortmund (company license)

UMAG W. UDE, Husum

VEAG, Berlin (group license)

Thinius Engineering, Erkrath 04/2000

SaarEnergie, Saarbruecken 05/2000

DVO Data Processing Service, Oberhausen

RWTH Aachen University 06/2000

VAUP Process Automation, Landau 08/2000


Knuerr-Lommatec, Lommatzsch 09/2000

AVACON, Helmstedt 10/2000

Compania Electrica, Bogota, Colombia

G.U.N.T. Geraetebau, Barsbuettel (general license for training test benches) 11/2000

Steinhaus Informationssysteme, Dattelngeneral license for process data software) 12/2000

1999

Bayernwerk, Munich 01/1999

DREWAG, Dresden (company license) 02/1999

KEMA IEV, Dresden 03/1999

Regensburg University of Applied Sciences 04/1999

Fichtner Consulting & IT, Stuttgart (company licenses and distribution) 07/1999


Technical University of Graz, Department of Thermal Engineering, Austria 11/1999

Ostendorf Engineering, Gummersbach 12/1999

1998

Technical University of Cottbus, Chair in Power Plant Engineering 05/1998

Fichtner Consulting & IT (CADIS information systems) Stuttgart

M&M Turbine Technology Bielefeld 06/1998


B+H Software Engineering Stuttgart 08/1998

Alfa Engineering, Switzerland 09/1998

VEAG Berlin

NUTEC Engineering, Bisikon, Switzerland 10/1998

SCA Hygiene Products, Munich

RWE Energie, Neurath

Wilhelmshaven University of Applied Sciences

BASF, Ludwigshafen (group license) 11/1998

Energieversorgung, Offenbach

1997

Gerb, Dresden 06/1997


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