Property Method of test ASTM Unit Iupital F10* Iupital F20* Iupital F30*

Physical properties

(23℃)

Ratio

Water absorption rate

(23℃ under water 24 hours of retting)

(Equilibration 50%RH)

-

D-750

-

%

%

1.41

0.22

0.16

1.41

0.22

0.16

1.41

0.22

0.16

Thermal properties

Melt index

Melting point

Vicat softening temperature

Deflection temperature under load

(18.6kg/cm2)

(4.6kg/cm2)

Linear expansion coefficient

Combustibleness

D-1239

DSC

10℃/min Temperature

rising

D-1525

D-648

-25℃~+25℃

UL94

(1/8" and 1/16")

g/10min

℃

℃

℃

℃

cm/cm/℃

-

2.5

165

162

110

158

9x10-5

HB

9.0

165

162

110

158

9x10-5

HB

27.0

165

162

110

158

9x10-5

HB

Mechanical properties

(23℃)

Tensile strength

Tensile elongation

Tensile elastic modulus

Flexural strength

Flexural modulus

Shear strength

Izot impact strength (With notch)

(Without notch)

Tensile impact strength (1.6mm thick)

Rockwell hardness

Taper abrasion

D-638

D-638

D-638

D-790

D-790

D-732

D-256

D-1822

D-785

D-1044

kg/cm2

%

kg/cm2

kg/cm2

kg/cm2

kg/cm2

kg・cm/cm

kg・cm/cm

kg・cm/cm2

-

mg/1,000

Circle

620

65

28,300

890

26,200

560

7.5

>110

180

M78

14

625

60

28,900

915

26,500

560

6.5

>110

120

M80

14

630

50

29,100

920

26,700

560

5.5

>110

100

M78

14

Kinetic coefficient of friction Against steel

Against brass

Against

aluminum

Against iupital

Poisson ratio

Westover (Radial type)

"

"

"

-

-

-

-

-

0.13

0.15

0.15

0.20

0.35

0.13

0.15

0.15

0.20

0.35

0.13

0.15

0.15

0.20

0.35

Electrical properties

(23℃)

Permittivity 102Hz

106Hz

Dielectric tangent 102Hz

106Hz

Surface resistivity

Volume resistivity

Arc resistance

D-150

"

D-150

"

D-257

D-257

D-495

-

-

-

-

Ω

Ωcm

sec

3.7

3.7

0.001

0.007

1.0x1016

1.0x1014

>200

3.7

3.7

0.001

0.007

1.0x1016

1.0x1014

>200

3.7

3.7

0.001

0.007

1.0x1016

1.0x1014

>200

(* -01 -02 -03 Common)

1. Mechanical properties 1.1 Tensile strength

Figure 1.1-1 and 1.1-2 indicate stress-strain curve and elastic modulus-strain curve when iupital is pulled in strain rate of 5㎜/min. Temperature dependence is indicated in Figure 1.1-3 and velocity dependence is indicated in Figure 1.1-4. Iupital tensile property is shown below. Tensile strength 625kg/cm2

Coefficient of extension 60% Tensile elastic modulus 28900kg/cm2

In addition, there is a secant elastic modulus ratio as an efficient data of deformation-adjusted design, and as in the figure, it is stress-strain curve, and from tangent gradient Eo (initial elastic modulus), and line ,drew from origin to each curve, gradient Es (secant elastic modulus), it can be shown as secant elastic modulus ratio=Es/Eo

Figure 1.1-1 Tensile stress and distortion rate

Figure 1.1-2 Secant elastic modulus ratio and distortion rate

Tensile stress and distortion rate (%)

Tensile distortion rate

Elastic modulus (%)

Elastic modulus of distortion rate εi

1.2 Flexural strength

Figure 1.2-1 and 1.2-2 indicate stress-strain curve and elastic modulus-strain curve when iupital is bent in flexure rate of 10mm/min. Temperature dependence is indicated in Figure 1.2-3. Iupital flexural property is shown below.

Flexural strength 915kg/cm2 Elastic modulus 26500kg/cm2

Figure 1.1-4 Tensile strength and velocity dependence

Temperature (℃)

Figure 1.1-3 Tensile strength and temperature dependence

Tensile strength

Temperature

Temperature

Tension rate (mm/min)

Tensile

strength

Tensile

elongation

Flexural

fiber stress

Velocity

Fulcrum distance 101.6mm

Test piece

Flexural distortion rate (%)

Figure 1.2-1 Flexural stress and distortion rate

Flexural distortion rate (%)

Figure 1.2-2 secant elastic modulus ratio and distortion rate

Figure 1.2-3 Flexural strength and temperature dependence

Temperature (℃)

Elastic modulus

Initial elastic

modulus

Flexural

distortion

rate

1.3 Compressive strength Figure 1.3-1 indicates compressive stress-strain curve. Iupital compressive strength is shown below. (ASTM D-695) Compressive strength 1% strain 310kg/cm2 10% strain 1050kg/cm2

Figure 1.3-1 Compressive stress-strain curve 1.4 Shear strength Figure 1.4-1 indicates shear stress and shear load-deformation amount curve. Iupital shear strength is shown below. Shear strength 560kg/cm2

Figure 1.4-1 Shear stress and shear strain

Compressive stress

Compressive strain (%)

Test piece thickness (A) 1mm(B) 2mm Strain velocity 1mm/min Temperature 23℃

Shear strain amount (mm)

Shear stress

1.5 Impact strength Figure 1.5-1 and 1.5-2 indicate impact strength and impact fatigue by each corner shape. Iupital impact strength is shown below. Izod method with notch 〔thickness 3.2mm〕ASTM D-256 6.5kg・cm/cm Izod method without notch〔thickness 3.2mm〕 " >110kg・cm/cm Tensile impact method 〔thickness 3.2mm〕ASTM D-1822 150kg・cm/cm2 〔thickness 1.6mm〕 " 120kg・cm/cm2 Falling ball method 〔thickness 3.2mm〕 25kg・cm

Ball head 5R Pad 85mm Temperature dependence and thickness dependence are small in Izod with notch.

Figure 1.5-1 Impact strength and curvature

Figure 1.5-2 Repetitive impact fatigue

1.6 Long-time behavior under load 1.6.1 Fatigue endurance Figure 1.6.1-1 and 1.6.1-2 indicate the result of iupital tension, compression and flexural fatigue.

Figure 1.6.1-1 Tensile fatigue strength and times repeated

Figure 1.6.1-2 Flexural fatigue strength and times repeated

Tensile stress

Times repeated until destruction

Test piece Test condition

Test rate

Test piece Test rate

Flexural stress

Times repeated until destruction

1.6.2 Creep properties Deformation will gradually grow under a situation left for long time with a certain amount of stress. This is called creep phenomenon. Figure 1.6.2-1 and 1.6.2-2 indicate iupital creep deformation.

Creep strain

Time (hr)

Creep strain

Test condition

Test condition

Figure 1.6.2-1 Tensile creep deformation

Figure 1.6.2-2 Tensile creep deformation

Time (hr)

1.6.3 Stress relaxation Stress to keep strain will gradually decrease under a situation left for long time with a certain amount of strain (deformation). This is called stress relaxation phenomenon. Figure 1.6.3-1 indicates iupital stress relaxation

Flexural stress

Figure 1.6.3-1 Flexural stress relaxation

Time (min)

Initial stress

2. Thermal properties 2.1 Melting point According to DSC analysis, the melting point of iupital is 165℃ 2.2 Thermal conductivity and specific heat Iupital thermal conductivity Iupital specific heat 2.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion Iupital coefficient of thermal expansion will change by the temperature. Figure 2.3-1 and 2.3-2 indicate measurement growth rate and temperature dependence of linear expansion coefficient.

Figure 2.3-2 Iupital linear expansion coefficient and temperature dependence

Iupital linear expansion is shown below. Linear expansion coefficient -25~25℃ 8~9×10-5cm/cm/℃ 20~80℃ 10~16×10-5cm/cm/℃

Figure 2.3-1 Iupital measurement growth rate by temperature alteration (20℃ standard)

Temperature (℃)

Measurement growth rate

Temperature (℃)

Linear

expansion coefficient

2.4 Deflection temperature under load Iupital deflection temperature under load Stress 18.6kg/cm2 110℃ (ASTM-D648) 4.6kg/cm2 158℃ ( " ) 2.5 Property variation by thermal process Molded product sometimes deforms by its shape complexity, uneven thickness, and insert's existence, which will lead to inequality of melted resin flow and solidification rate and end up with residual strain inside. In general, crystalline resin is easier to relax stress than amorphous resin, and also residual strain is smaller. In addition, it causes less stress-cracking as well. Annealing is often used as a method of cleaning up the residual strain in the molded product, and in case of iupital, annealing temperature should be around 140℃ to 150℃ in general. However, iupital molded product will pull out dimension and property change when it receives heat aging in various operating temperature, because it cause crystallization. It might grow in tensile and flexural strength, but will decrease in elastic modulus, expansion and impact, which will end up with dimensional shrinkage. Consequently, these changes need to be concerned when designing product. 2.5.1 Strength variation by thermal process Strength variation by thermal process will differ by the temperature, time, and molding condition. Initial elastic modulus tend to decrease by thermal process. Figure 2.5.1-1 and 2.5.1-2 indicate strength variation.

Tensile strength

retention rate

Tool temperature when molding (℃)

Thermal process condition

Heat cycle

(-20℃~80℃10 cycle)

Unprocessed

Thermal process condition Unprocessed

Heat cycle

(-20℃~80℃10 cycle)

Tool temperature when molding (℃)

Figure 2.5.1-1 Thermal process condition and tensile strength variation

Figure 2.5.1-2 Thermal process condition and flexural strength variation

Tensile strength

retention rate

2.5.2 Measurement variation by thermal process Crystalline resin will cause dimension change by thermal process because it accelerates crystallization. The factors that will effect greatly to the dimension change is thermal process condition (temperature, time), and molding condition (thickness, tool temperature). Figure 2.5.2-1 and Figure 2.5.2-2 indicate their relationship.

Heat shrinking

ratio

Thermal process condition

Thermal process condition

Tool temperature when molding

Tool temperature when molding (℃)

Molded product thickness (mm)

Figure 2.5.2-1 Tool temperature when molding and dimension change by thermal process condition

Figure 2.5.2‐2 Molded product thickness and dimension change by heating process

Heat cycle (-20℃~80℃10 cycle)

3. Chemical properties 3.1 Water absorbability and water resistance Figure 3.1-2, 3.1-2, 3.1-3 indicate weight change by Iupital water absorption, equilibrium water absorption rate, and dimension change by water absorption. Figure 3.1-4 indicates changes in tensile impact strength when left under high-temperature water. Figure 3.1-5 indicates changes in tensile strength.

Days

temperature (℃)

Under water

Water absorption rate

Figure3.1-1 Water absorption rate

Figure 3.1-2 Equilibrium water absorption rate and temperature dependence

Equilibrium

water

absorption

rate

Under water

Under water

Under water

Dimension change rate

Water absorption rate (%)

Figure 3.1-3 Dimension change by water absorption

Tensile impact

strength retention rate

Figure 3.1-4 Hot water immersion and changes in tensile impact strength

Immersion time (hr)

Immersion time (hr)

Figure 3.1-5 Hot water immersion and changes in tensile strength

3.2 Chemical resistance Iupital chemical resistance is good and have resistibility against many organic or inorganic pharmaceuticals and petroleum component. Table 3 indicates physicality changes in Iupital after immersed in each chemical at common temperature or 70℃. Some inorganic strong acid and organic acid might cause erosion or deterioration. In general, plastics are likely to cause stress crack or solvent corrosion. Though Iupital is a stress crack resistant material, sometimes it might occur at a stress concentrated part and a weld part. Hydrochloric acid is one of the sensitive chemicals for Iupital stress.

Table 3.2 Chemical resistance and oil resistance of Iupital Immerse condition Change rate (%)

Classification Chemical name Concentration(%) Temperature(℃)

Tensile

strength Measure Weight

n-heptane 100 23 ±0 -0.01 +0.15

Ethylism alcohol 99.5 23 -4.0 +0.13 +0.06

Aceton 98 23 -4.2 +0.61 +1.50

Carbon tetrachloride 96 23 -0.6 +0.05 +0.43

Organic

chemicals

Acetic acid 5 70 -4.5 -0.51 -1.29

Mitsubishi high-octane gasoline 100 23 -0.8 +0.06 +0.26

Diamond motor oil 100 70 +4.4 -0.13 +0.07

Transmission oil 100 70 +3.7 -0.12 +0.12

High-voltage insulation oil 100 70 +0.2 +0.07 -0.90

Diamond chassis grease 100 70 +3.9 -0.10 +0.18

Cup grease number 3 100 70 +3.2 -0.06 +0.23

Lubricant Daphne # 115 100 70 +4.7 -0.16 +0.18

Lubricant Swarup RO-700 100 70 -2.8 +0.02 -0.33

Gasoline・

Grease・

Motor oil

Lubricant turbine oil # 140 100 70 +4.2 -0.14 +0.09

Mama lemon (LION) 100 70 +2.6 -0.32 -0.33

My pet (Kao) 100 70 +1.0 -0.25 -0.16 Detergent

Tonic shampoo

(Sunstar) 100 70 +0.5 -0.08 +0.20

Sodium chloride 10 70 +3.1 -0.26 -0.15

Sodium hydroxide 10 70 +4.2 -0.29 -0.27

Vitriol 3 23 +0.8 -0.03 +0.13

Hydrochloric acid 10 23 X X X

Hydrogen peroxide 3 23 -0.8 ±0 +0.25

Inorganic

chemical

Distillated water 23 +0.8 -0.02 +0.13

Measurement sample figure: Tensile strength test piece, 1/8 inch thick

Immersion time: 90 days

4. Frictional wear properties

4.1 Thrust friction wear

Table 4.1-1, 4.1-2, 4.1-3 and Figure 4.1-1, 4.1-2, 4.1-3, 4.1-4 indicate friction coefficient, limiting PV value,

and specific wear volume by thrust wear of cylindrical test piece which contact area is 2cm2 and tabular test

piece.

Table 4.1-1 Coefficient of static friction

Friction material

Stationary side Movable side

Coefficient of static friction (μ)

Iupital Steel 0.12~0.16

Iupital Brass 0.13~0.18

Steel Iupital 0.12~0.18

Iupital Iupital 0.20~0.28

Attention: Surface pressure Low-speed rotation

Table 4.1-2 Coefficient of static friction and surface pressure

Friction material

Stationary side Movable side

Surface pressure

(kg/cm2)

Coefficient of static

friction

5.1 0.17~0.19

9.8 0.13~0.18

15.1 0.13~0.16 Iupital Steel

25.3 0.10~0.16

μ＝ Torque

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ Load x Average radius

Friction coefficient

Surface pressure

Surface pressure

velocity

Figure 4.1-1 Coefficient of kinetic friction and surface pressure (against steel)

(Steady friction coefficient of 3 hours after under load friction)

velocity

Figure 4.1-2 Coefficient of kinetic friction and velocity (against steel) velocity velocity

Friction coefficient

Surface pressure

Surface pressure

Table 4.1-3 Specific wear volume (against each material)

Material* against steel against brass against aluminum against Iupital

Specific wear

volume** 1.1 2.0 19 3~30

Testing

condition

surface pressure

0.7~10kg/cm2

velocity

7.8~72.4km/day

Average specific wear

volume in

surface pressure

2.5~5kg/cm2

velocity

7.8~15.5km/day

Average specific wear

volume in

surface pressure

2.5~5kg/cm2

velocity

7.8~15.5km/day

Average specific wear

volume in

surface pressure

0.15~0.35kg/cm2

velocity

15.5,43.9,72.4km/day

Average specific wear

volume in

* Metal stock surface lapping ** Unit (x 10-2mm3/kg・km)

against steel

against Iupital

velocity velocity

Limiting PV value

Figure 4.1-3 Limiting PV value (Surface pressure increase method every 20 minutes)

velocity Surface pressure

Specific wear volume

Figure 4.1-4 Specific wear volume and surface pressure, velocity (against steel)

[Attention] Specific wear volume(mm3/kg・km）＝

Friction capacity(mm3) －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

Surface pressure(kg/cm2) x Walking distance (km) x Contact area(cm2)

4.2 Bearing (Journal bearing)

Iupital has good mechanical properties, long-term durability, thermostability, chemical resistance, and

friction wear properties, so it can be used as various slide member such as the bearing.

Bearing designing method is explained below since friction wear properties and thrust friction wear

properties of the bearing slightly differs.

4.2.1 Bearing inner diameter (Bearing clearance) Clearance (δ) in the journal bearing differs by its usage, but when used in common temperature area,

5/1000 to 8/1000 against shaft diameter is enough and will be

However, if rotational friction heat occurs between the bearing and the metal shaft, and bearing

temperature rises, or its environment become high-temperature, there is need to think about those condition

changes when deciding the clearance. Namely, clearance can be shown as

Here, φ2: Linear expansion coefficient difference between the bearing and the shaft

Bearing dimension will increase. φ2=(αP-αM)ΔT

αP, αM: Linear expansion coefficient of each resin and metal.

Material Linear expansion coefficient (x 10-5cm/cm/℃)

Iupital 1.1

Steel 1.6~2.4

Brass 1.9

Aluminum 2.4

ΔT : Difference between common temperature and in use temperature

φ3 : Thermal contraction of bearing material

When the bearing exposed to high-temperature atmosphere, crystallization will be accelerated and its

dimension will decrease.

Contraction percentage will differ by the thickness of molded product and the molding condition φ3=0.1～0.5% would be enough.

φ4 : Dimension variability by molding

See φ4=±0.05% dimension variability against basic dimension.

φ5=Dimension change by the lubricant

By the type of the lubricant, it will expand or shrink, so consider φ5=±0～0.2% changes (see also 3.2 Chemical resistance)

The clearance decision under high-temperature environment will be affected a great deal by the linear

Shaft diameter

expansion difference between the bearing and the shaft (φ2), and thermal contraction of bearing stuff (φ3).

However, the effect of dimension change by the lubricant (φ5), and dimension variability by molding

relatively small.

Also, when press fitting Iupital bearing into the metal housing, make the bearing inner diameter big in

advance, thinking about the bearing inner diameter decrement.

In this situation,

k = υ: Poisson ratio of Iupital (0.35)

I : Interference when press fitting

and shown as δ3=(φ1-φ2+φ3±φ4±φ5+φ6)ds

4.2.2 Bearing outer diameter (bearing thickness)

The thickness of bearing is generally 1mm to 2.5mm, thinking about friction heating (limiting PV value),

molded product dimension accuracy, and strength.

i) Interference when press fitting bearing into the metal housing

Compression stress of the bearing by press fitting must be less than 1050kg/cm2 of Iupital maximum

permissible compression stress.

ii) Contact surface stress and interference

Interference set up here is the value in actual usage. Therefore, linear expansion amount and heat

contraction of the bearing must be considered about interference in common temperature.

4.2.3 Bearing length

The size of bearing diameter is recommended for the length of the bearing, thinking of friction heating and

wear by the eccentricity in each pieces. Formula of equivalent compressive stress to the bearing (σc)is shown below.

φ6= 2k

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ ・1 k2(1-υ) +(1-υ)

σ= 2pk2

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ k2-1

l －－－－ 2r2

＝

p －－－－

E

k2+1 [－－－－－－]

k2-1

-v

σ : Compression stress p : Metal housing and contact surface stress of the bearing

2r2 : Metal housing inner diameter E : Stiffness modulus of elasticity in operating temperature and maximum operating time

σc= W

－－－－－－－－ 2r2・l

W : Vertical load to the bearing 2r2 : Bearing outer diameter l : Bearing length

4.2.4 Bearing durability

Long-term durability of the bearing is regulated by the wear volume in under limiting PV value. Specific

wear volume of the bearing will change by the clearance of the bearing shaft too.

Figure 4.2.4-1, 4.2.4 -2, 4.2.4-3 indicate friction coefficient, limiting PV value, and specific wear volume, when 10mmφ steel shaft was used.

Figure 4.2.4-2 Load velocity effect on friction coefficient (against steel)

Figure 4.2.4-2 Velocity effect on limiting PV value (against steel)

Figure 4.2.4-3 Specific wear volume in the bearing and PV value (against steel)

friction coefficient

velocity

Load

Load Load

velocity

Limiting

PV value

Specific

wear

volume

PV value