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PROPOSAL PENELITIAN
TUGAS AKHIR
USULAN DESAIN BODY URBAN CONCEPT CAR BERDASARKAN
REGULASI KONTES MOBIL HEMAT ENERGI 2018 MENGGUNAKAN
METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT
Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik
Jurusan Teknik Industri Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Diajukan Oleh:
Fajrin Nurul Falah
D600.150.011
JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2019
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
iii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN
iv
PERNYATAAN
v
MOTTO
“Semua hal di dunia memiliki pola, dengan memahami pola maka akan terlihat jelas jalan
untuk menuju suatu tujuan”
(Penulis)
“Cara terbaik untuk memprediksi masa depan adalah dengan menciptakannya”
(Peter Drucker)
“Genius adalah 1% inspirasi, dan 99% keringat”
(Thomas Edison)
vi
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN
Laporan penelitian ini penulis persembahkan kepada :
1. Seluruh mahasiswa/mahasiswi di seluruh dunia
yang membutuhkan hasil dari penelitian saya.
2. Kedua orang tua tercinta
3. Saudari saya
4. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
5. Teman-teman komunitas Electric Car Research
Center
vii
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Wr, Wb
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala rahmat, karunia
serta hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan tugas akhir denan judul
“.USULAN DESAIN BODY URBAN CONCEPT CAR BERDASARKAN
REGULASI KONTES MOBIL HEMAT ENERGI 2018 MENGGUNAKAN
METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT”. Shalawat serta salam selalu
tercuahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah memberi pedoman hidup
bagi manusia.
Selama penulisan laporan ugas akhir, penulis mendapatkan bantuan dan
bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Kedua orang tua yang dengan tulus dan ikhlas memberikan doa, dukungan
moril dan material.
2. Bapak Ir. Sri Sunarjono, M.T., Ph.D., selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakata.
3. Bapak Eko Setiawan , S.tT.,M.T.,Ph.D., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Industri.
4. Bapak Hari Prasetyo, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., selaku dosen pembimbing yang
banyak memberikan arahan dan dukungan dalam penyusunan Laporan Tugas
Akhir ini.
5. Seluruh Dosen dan Staff Teknik Industri Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta
6. Teman-teman Komunitas Electric Car Research Center.
Penulis menyadari bahwa laporan ini jauh dari sempurna. Penulis megharap
kritik dan saran, sehingga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr, Wb.
Surakarta , 14 Januari 2020
Penulis
viii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN SAMPUL ................................................................................................. i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN .................................................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN............................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................................ v
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .................................................................................. vi
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................. viii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ xiv
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................... xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 5
1.3 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................ 5
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 5
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 5
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................ 6
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .................................................................................. 7
2.1 Mobil Listrik ............................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Sejarah Mobil Listrik ..............................................................7
2.2 Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE) ............................................8
2.2.1 Regulasi Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi 2018 ..........................9
2.2.2 Urban Concept Car ...................................................................10
2.3 Aerodinamika ....................................................................................11
2.4 Desain Produk ...................................................................................16
2.4.1 Pengertian Desain Produk ......................................................16
2.4.2 Tahapan Desain Produk .........................................................17
2.5 Quality Function Deployment (QFD) ...............................................17
2.5.1 Tahap Penyusunan Rumah Kualitas (House of Quality) .....19
ix
2.5.2 Benchmarking ..........................................................................21
2.6 Software Solidworks ..........................................................................21
2.6.1 Solidworks Modeling ................................................................22
2.6.2 Solidworks Flow Simulation ....................................................23
2.7 Konsep Morfologi .............................................................................24
2.8 Tinjauan Pustaka ..............................................................................26
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ............................................................... 29
3.1 Metode dan Desain Penelitian ................................................................... 29
3.2 Tahapan Penelitian .................................................................................... 30
3.2.1 Pembuatan Quality Function Deployment ..............................30
3.2.2 Pemodelan Desain ............................................................................. 32
3.2.3 Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan ................................................... 32
3.2.4 Analisis dan Kesimpulan .................................................................. 32
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................ 33
4.1 Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................................... 34
4.1.1 Regulasi Body Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi 2018 .......................... 34
4.1.2 Kuesioner Customer Requirements Oleh Expert ............................. 41
4.1.3 Data Hasil Benchmarking dengan Tim Mekatronic ...................... 42
4.2 Penyusunan Quality Function Deployment .............................................. 45
4.2.1 Memasukkan Pasal-Pasal yang Telah Dipilih ................................ 46
4.2.2 Pengisian Bobot pada Customer Requirements ............................... 47
4.2.3 Pengisian pada Kolom Technical Requirements ............................. 51
4.2.4 Korelasi Technical Requirements ..................................................... 54
4.2.5 Menentukan Hubungan Technical Requirements dengan Customer
Requirements ...................................................................................... 55
4.2.6 Spesifikasi Desain Berdasarkan Quality Function Deployment..... 58
4.3 Alternatif Model Desain Body Urban Concept ......................................... 58
4.3.1 Peta Morfologi ................................................................................... 59
4.3.2 Perancangan Body Urban Concept Car ........................................... 61
4.3.3 Pemodelan Desain 3 Dimensi ........................................................... 62
4.4 Mass Properties & Flow Simulation Body Urban Concept Car ............... 64
4.4.1 Mass Properties .................................................................................. 65
4.4.2 Flow Simulation ........................................................................65
4.5 Evaluasi Body Urban Concept Car Skala 1:1 ..................................72
x
4.5.1 Evaluasi Kesesuaian dengan Desain .......................................73
BAB IV PENUTUP ................................................................................................... 76
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................. 76
5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 77
DAFTAR PSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Dimensi Bodi Mobil Hemat Energi Urban Concept Saran ................13
Tabel 2.2 Nilai Koefisen Drag (Cd) ..................................................................15
Tabel 2.3 Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................................26
Tabel 2.4 Lanjutan Tabel 2.3 Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................27
Tabel 4.1 Regulasi Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi ................................................35
Tabel 4.2 Konversi Regulasi Menjadi Customer requirements ..........................40
Tabel 4.3 Data hasil benchmarking .....................................................................43
Tabel 4.4 Tabel Perhitungan Pembobotan Akhir ................................................48
Tabel 4.5 Technical Requirements ......................................................................51
Tabel 4.6 Spesifikasi Desain ...............................................................................58
Tabel 4.7 Alternatif Model desain Body Urban Concept Car ............................59
Tabel 4.8 Dimensi & Ketentuan .........................................................................61
Tabel 4.9 Tabel komparasi Desain dengan Keadaan Aktual ..............................73
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Mobil Listrik Jerman 1904 dengan Sopir di Atas ...........................8
Gambar 2.3 Mobil Listrik Prototype Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ....8
Gambar 2.4 Mobil Listrik Urban Concept UMMalang ......................................9
Gambar 2.5 Mobil Listrik Urban Concept Shell Eco Marathon .........................10
Gambar 2.6 Pemodelan Wind Tunnel..................................................................13
Gambar 2.7 Body Mobil Antawirya Turangga Veda II.......................................13
Gambar 2.8 Penggenerasian Mesh ......................................................................14
Gambar 2.9 Nilai Skewness .................................................................................14
Gambar 2.10 Grafik Drag Force Terhadap Kecepatan (Jhon, 2017) .................16
Gambar 2.11 House of Quality (Cohen, 1995) ...................................................21
Gambar 2.12 Software Solidworks ......................................................................22
Gambar 2.13 Solidworks Modeling ....................................................................23
Gambar 2.14 Solidworks Flow Simulation .........................................................24
Gambar 2.15 konsep Morfologi Produk..............................................................25
Gambar 3.1 Flowchart Tahapan Penelitian ........................................................29
Gambar 4.1 Contoh Kuesioner Pembobotan .......................................................42
Gambar 4.2 Customer Requirements ..................................................................45
Gambar 4.3 Input Bobot Kepentingan ..............................................................49
Gambar 4.4 Technical Requirements ..................................................................53
Gambar 4.5 Korelasi antar Technical Requirements...........................................54
Gambar 4.6 menentukan hubungan Technical requirements dengan Customer
requirements .....................................................................................56
Gambar 4.7 Final Corellation .............................................................................56
Gambar 4.8 Proses Seleksi Konsep Peta Morfologi ...........................................60
Gambar 4.9 Pemilihan plan & Sketch Pembantu ................................................62
Gambar 4.10 Body Kiri tengah............................................................................62
Gambar 4.11 Penentuan Ketebalan .....................................................................63
Gambar 4.12 Body Kanan ..................................................................................63
Gambar 4.13 Desain Akhir .................................................................................64
xiii
Gambar 4.14 Menentukan material penyusun body ............................................64
Gambar 4.15 Output Mass Properties ................................................................65
Gambar 4.16 Wizard ...........................................................................................66
Gambar 4.17 Project Name .................................................................................67
Gambar 4.18 Pemilihan Satuan ...........................................................................67
Gambar 4.19 Pemilihan Axis ...............................................................................68
Gambar 4.20 Pemilihan Fluida ...........................................................................68
Gambar 4.21 Penentuan Nilai Pressure dan Temperature..................................69
Gambar 4.22 Running Process ............................................................................69
Gambar 4.23 Kecepatan 10 km/jam ....................................................................70
Gambar 4.24 Kecepatan 30 km/jam ....................................................................71
Gambar 4.25 Kecepatan 50 km/jam ....................................................................72
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Regulasi Kontes Mobil Hemat energi
Lampiran 2. Kuesioner Pembobotan Oleh Expert
Lampiran 3. Spesifikasi Mobil Mekatronic
Lampiran 4. Spesifikasi Hasil Quality Function Deployment
Lampiran 5. Data Test Drive
Lampiran 6. House Of Quality
Lampiran 7. Dimensi Body
Lampiran 8. Dokumentasi Penelitian
Lampiran 9. Kartu Bimbingan Tugas Akhir
Lampiran 10. Lembar Revisi Tugas Akhir
xv
ABSTRAK
Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE) 2018 menjadi sebuah acuan yang
melahirkan sebuah penelitian baru tentang perancangan sebuah mobil listrik
hemat energi yang dilakukan oleh Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta. Pada tahun 2018 Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta menciptakan
satu mobil listrik baru dengan jenis Urban Concept yang bentuknya menyerupai
mobil city car.
pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengkaji regulasi Kontes Mobil
Hemat Energi (2018) yang berhubungan dengan rancangan body kendaraan jenis
Urban Concept dan proses benchmarking dengan Tim pemenang pada Kontes
Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE) 2018. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan
sebuah rancangan desain 3 dimensi body urban concept car yang optimal dengan
mengacu pada spesifikasi yang lahir dari metode quality function deployment.
Hasil desain 3 dimensi body urban concept car memiliki pola aliran laminar pada
bagian luar sehingga tidak menghambat kendaraan saat melakukan akselerasi,
sedangkan udara yang masuk melalui ventilasi bagian depan memiliki pola
turbulent sehingga feromena tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk menurunkan suhu ruang
kemudi dan memberikan sedikit kenyamanan pada pengemudi.
Penelitian selanjutnya sangat diperlukan agar capaian dari mobil listrik
urban concept dapat meningkat dengan mempertimbangkan saran yang telah
diberikan pada penelitian ini
Kata Kunci: KMHE 2018, Urban Concept Car, Quality Function Deployment.
ABSTRACT
Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE) 2018 became a reference that gave
birth to a new study of the design of an energy efficient electric car conducted by
the Faculty of Engineering, In 2018 the University Muhammadiyah Surakarta
created a new electric car with the type of Urban Concept that looks like a city
car.
Data collection was carried out by reviewing the regulations of Kontes
Mobil Hemat Energi (2018) relating to the design of the Urban Concept vehicle
body type and the benchmarking process with the winning Team on the Energy
Saving Car Contest (KMHE) 2018. This study aimed to produce a 3 dimensional
urban body design the optimal concept car with reference to specifications born
from the quality function deployment method. The results of the 3 dimensional
body urban concept car design have a laminar flow pattern on the outside so that it
does not hamper the vehicle during acceleration, while the air entering through the
front vent has a turbulent pattern so that the fermentation is used to reduce the
temperature of the wheelhouse and provide a bit of comfort to the driver.
Future studies are needed so that the achievements of the urban concept
electric car can be increased by considering the advice given in this study.
Keywords: KMHE 2018, Urban Concept Car, Quality Function Deployment.