PROSPECTS FOR COAL SCIENCEIN THE 21ST CENTURY

Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Coal Science

VOLUME I

Edited by

Bao Qing Li and Zhen Yu Liu

State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, P. R. China

UNIVERSiTATSHiBUOTHEK

rr\:- : JLIOTHEK

1999

SHANXI SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PRESS

Taiyuan, P. R. China

2008 AGI-Information Management Consultants

May be used for personal purporses only or by libraries associated to dandelon.com network.

CONTENTS

VOLUME I

A. FUNDAMENTALS AND GENERAL ASPECTS 1

A.I PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC 1CHARACTERIZATION

Progress of Coal Science in the 20th Century 3K. H. van Heek

Change in Coal Aggregate Structure during Heat Treatment 9I. Watanabe, K. Sakanishi and I. Mochida

Adsorption of N2 on Coal Char at Ambient Temperature 13K. Matsuoka, T. Horii, P. Chambrion, T. Kyotani and A. Tomita

Characterization of Thermal Coal from Energy Dispersive X-Ray 17Fluorescence MeasurementsJ. Xiberta, A. Montesenn, P. Fernandez and R. M. Diaz

Quantifying the Modes of Occurrence of Elements in Coal 21R. B. Finkelman, C. A. Palmer, A. Kolker and S. J. Mroczkowski

The Multiscale Organisation of Carbon Materials: Application to Coal 25ScienceJ. N. Rouzaud, A. Galvez, O. Beyssac, C. Fontugne, C. Clinard and B.Goffe

From Anthracites to Graphite: Influences of Temperature, Pressure and 29Shear0. Beyssac, B. Goffe, J. N. Rouzaud, C. Clinard, J. Cassareuil and N.Catel

The Influence of CO2 Presorption on the Sorptive and Dilatometric 33Properties of Hard Coals under the Influence of CH4G Ceglarska-Stefanska, K. Zarebska

VI

Environmentally Significant Trace Elements in Permian Coal of Moher 37Sub-Basin, Singrauli, IndiaA. Singh, K. K. Sappal and R. Watkins

The Distribution of Trace Elements in a UK Bituminous Coal 41F. Wigley, J. Williamson and N. J. Miles

The Influence of Hydrogenation on Glass Transitions in Coal 45P. J. Hall and C. Galan

The Effect of Drying on the Macromolecular Structure of Lignites 49S. D. Brown and P. J. Hall

Structural Transformation in Coals at the Temperature below 0C 53S. A. Aipshtein, I. V. Zverev, M. O. Dolgova and V. V. Malkova

Morphological and Structural Features of Tectonic Coal 57Y. G. Zhang, Y. X. Cao, H. B. Xie, F. Li and K. C. Xie

The Fractal Features of Gas-Filled Coal by Its Electro-Phycical 61CharacteristicsA.V. Astakhov, A. A. Belyi, D. L. Shirotchin and L. N. Ekonomova

Application of FTIR to the Identification of Some Minerals Present in 65the Lignites from Rio Maior (Portugal)D. Flores, I. Suarez-Ruiz, M. J. Iglesias and M. M. Marques

Trace Element Characterization of Eocene Coal, West Daranggiri Coal 69Field, Garo Hills, MeghalayaM. Ahmed and S. Phukan

Studies on Carbon Deposition of Catalysts for CH4 Reforming Reaction 73with CO2S. Y. Liu", W. Huang, L. H. Yin, Y. H. Ding and P. Jin

Fractal Surface Characteristics of Coals and the Correlation with Their 77Physical-Chemical PropertyF. G. Zeng, S. Q. Zhu and Z. N. Wang

Content, Distribution Character and Classification of Arsenic in Chinese 81CoalD. Y. Wang, H. Z. Chen and W. M. Chen

Vll

Structure of Low Rank Coals and the Nature of Coal-Water Interactions 85L. M. Clemow, G. Favas, W. R. Jackson and D. J. Allardice

A New Method to Quantify the Texture of Heterogeneous Carbon 89MaterialsS. Duber, J. N. Rouzaud, S. Pusz and B. Kwiecinska

An Investigation into the Trace Elements Distribution in Permian 93Gondwana Coals of Northwestern Bangladesh by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission SpectroscopyJ. Podder, S. A. Tarek and T. Hossain

An Influence of Thermal Treatment on Optical Properties of Anthracites 97S. Pusz and S. Duber

CHNS Simultaneous Analysis of Coal and.Coke Samples with the 101Elemental Analyzer Vario ELR. Winkler and C. Q. Ye

Nitrogen Functionality in Artificial Coals and Its Fate during Pyrolysis 105Z. H. Wu, Y. Sugimoto and H. Kawashima

Change in Sorption Phenomena of Methanol on Coal during Repeated 109Uptake/DesorptionH. Yasuda, O. Yamada and M. Kaiho

Chemical Structure of Maceral Groups of Coal 113P. Straka, J. Buchtele and J. Nahunkova

Possibility of Methane Recovery from Coal by Displacement Sorption 117Z. Weishauptova and J. Medek

Releasing Kinetics of Methane from the Coal Seams 121J. Medek and Z. Weishauptova

Chemical Parameters of Tertiary Brown Coal from the Sokolov Basin 125I. Sykorova, M. Stejskal, V. Machovic and J. Brus

The Effects of CO2 Capillary-Like Condensation on the Electro- 129Physical Properties of CoalsA.V. Astakhov, D. L. Shirotchin and L. N. Ekonomova

Vlll

Graphitization Ability of Coal due to Formation of IntercalationCompoundsC. N. Barnakov, A. P. Kozlov and S. K. Seit-Ablaeva

Ge-Bearing Coals of Russian Far East Deposits: An Example from theLuzanovka OpenmineV. V. Seredin, J. A. Danilcheva, V. F. Cherepovsky and A. M.Vassyanovich

Evolution of Pore Structure and Surface Area during Gasification ofCoal Char with CO2 and H2OA. Montoya, E. Florez and F. Mondragon

About Some Factors Affecting Suppression of Vitrinite ReflectanceB. P. Perrussel, F. Laggoun-Defarge, I. Suarez-Ruiz, A. Jimenez, M. J.Iglesias and J. N. Rouzaud

The Characterization for Chinese Coal PetrographyY. F. Jiang, Y. K. Yang, G. Q. Zhou and F. Gao

Distributions of Arsenic and Mercury in Triassic Coals fromLongtoushan Syncline Southwestern Guizhou, P. R. ChinaJ. Y. Zhang, D. Y. Ren and D. W. Xu

Appling Coal Petrology to the Study on Coking Coal Blend and CoalTypes ReplacementX. M. He, J. S. Yu and Y. Y Wu

The Geochemical Characteristics of Chlorine in Coal from PingshuoSurface Mine, Shanxi ProvinceF. H. Zhao, D. Y. Ren, W. Zhang and Y. G. Tang

Effects of Ni-Based Catalyst Supporter on CH4 Reforming with CO2 toSyngasS. Y. Liu, Y. H. Ding and P. Jin

The Study on Factors that Affect the Maceral Separation of CoalX. F. Bai, W. H. Li, Z. W. Wang, J. Y. Yang and Z. H. Li

Study on Fractal Structure of Coal SurfaceD. W. Hu, Z. M. Wu, J. Ren and K. C. Xie

Structural Peculiarities of Tending to Self-Ignition CoalsL. V. Pashchenko and V. I. Saranchuk

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IX

Distribution of the Trace Elements in Czech Coal 181Z. Klika, S. Mrozek and I. Kolomaznik

The Changes of Ash Fusion Temperature as Result of Coal Chemical 185PretreatmentLA. Korobetskii, M. S. Ismagilov and E. S. Shudrikov

The Wettability of Different Size Coal Fines 189J. C. Fan and M. Q. Fan

A.2 STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL RE A CTIVITY 193

Spectral Investigation of the Interaction between TCNE (and TCNQ) 195and Coal in SolventC. Chen and M. lino

Thermodynamics and Sol-Gel Transition of Coal Molecular Solution 199M. lino. V. Oja and M. Suzuki

Estimation of Reactivity of Coal with Organic Compounds using 203Radioisotope Tracer MethodsA. Ishihara, M. Saito, I. P. Sutrisna, W. Qian and T. Kabe

Extraction of Coal in Various Nonpolar Solvents below 350"C using a 207Flow ReactorK. Miura, K. Mae, H. Y. Seock and R. Ashida

Estimation of Role of Hydrogen Bondings on Coal-Water and/or Coal- 211Solvent Interactions using FTIR and Thermal AnalysisK. Miura, K. Mae, W. Li and A. Kumano

Dual Role of Water in Relation with Oxyreacti vity of Coal 215B. Taraba, M. Kaloc and R. Peter

Positron Annihilation in Coal Chars 219J. Fernandez and P. J. Hall

The Porosity of Coals from Contrast Matching Small Angle Neutron 223ScatteringP. J. Hall, S. Brown and J. M. Calo

New Model Genetic Substances as Possible Contributors to Sapropelitic 227Kerogen and Primary Crude OilYu. V. Rokosov, S. I. Uskov, R. A. Muhamodiyarov and I. A. Klimov

Swelling of Different Degree Reduction Coals in Organic Solvents 231S. A. Aipshtein, I. V. Zverev and O. I. Suprunenko

Comparison of XPS and AP-TPR Results in the Study of the Sulphur 235Distribution in High Sulphur Mequinenza CoalJ. V Aelst, K. Shimizu, J. Yperman, D. V. Franco, J. Mullens, L. C. VanPoucke

Coal Solubilization through "Ionic" Oxidation and Base-Promoted 239AlkylationM. Stefanova, S. Marinov and I. Nosyrev

Comparative Study of the Influence of Two Treatments on Sulphur 243Types DistributionS. P. Marinov, V. Minkova, M. Stefanova, L. Butuzova and M.Goranova

FTIR Study of Rio Maior Lignites (Portugal): Organic Matter 247Composition in Functional GroupsD. Flores, I. Suarez-Ruiz, M. J. Iglesias and M. M. Marques

Dependence of Functional Groups on Depolymerization of Coal 251Organic MatterF. N. Grigoriev and E. N. Grigorieva

Structural Changes of Solvent-Extracted Coals and Model Polymers by 255Catalytic HydrogenationH. Takagi, T. Isoda, K. Kusakabe and S. Morooka

Using TPO and XPS Study of the Forms of Organic Sulfur in Some 259Chinese CoalsP. Chen, J. Z. Li and L. Wang

LC/MS Analysis of CS,-NMP Soluble Fraction from Upper Freeport 263CoalX. Y. Wei, Z. M. Zong, L. Wu, Z. H. Qin, H. Murata, C. Q. Li and M.lino

XI

The Chemical Activity of Oxygen Functional Group in Low Rank Coal 267and the Mechanism of Its ModificationZ. S. Dai, Y H. Zhen and L. H. Ma

The Study on the Electronic Structures and Molecular Models of Coal 271Maceral

'B. J. Wang, Z. M. Wu, F. Li and K. C. Xie

The Relationship of Coal Structure to Char Porosity 275J. M. Jones, M. Pourkashanian, C. D. Rena and A. Williams

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Influence of Non-Covalent Bond 279in Thermal Decomposition of Coal Model CompoundsT. Kamo, J. C. Bi, H. Yamaguchi and Y. Sato

The Effect of Oxidation on Coal Reactivity and Char Structure 283E. Lester and M. Cloke

Fundamental Aspects of Coal Interaction with Microwave Energy 287I. A. Korobetskii

The Characterization and Reactivity of Density Separated Coal 291Fractions and Their Respective Chars Produced in a Drop Tube FurnaceA. Gilfillan, E. Lester and M. Cloke

Theoretical Study on the Reactivity of Coal Structures 295X. J. Hou, J. L. Yang, Y. D. Gu, Y. W. Li and B. Q. Li

Mechanism of Coal Dissolution Reactions in Various Solvents at 299100-300CC. Q. Li and M. lino

Conversion of Coal by Enzymes in Organic Media 303M. Iso, T. Nonaka, S. Nishimura, A. Ishihara and T. Kabe

The Influence of Mineral Matter on the Self Heating of Coals 307J. D. McManus, S. D. Brown and P. J. Hall

Low Temperature Oxygen Chemisorption in Coals with Strong 311Tendency Spontaneous CombustionF. Mondragon, P. Garcia and A. Montoya

Oxygen Plasma Reactivity of Anthracites 315A. Cuesta, S. Pusz and J. M. D. Tascon

Xll

Degradation of Peat by Novel Method 319L. F. Liu

Microbial Conversion of Coal 323Y. Kabe, A. Ishihara, M. Iso and T. Kabe

'Effect of Solvent Swelling on the Structure and Reactivity of Coal 327J. S. Liu, J. Feng, F. Li and K. C. Xie

Rapid and Effective Coal and Char Characterisation for PF Combustion 331using Non-Isothermal TGA MeasurementsJ. Zhang, C. K. Man, N. V. Russel l , M. H. Sei tz , J. R.Gibbins , J. Williamson, T. J. Beeley and G. S. Riley

The Influence of Texture of Anthracite on Its Oxidation 335S. Grishchuk, S. Duber, S. Pusz and K. Swiderska

The Kinetic Study of Cool Oxygen Plasma Oxidation of Carbon 339MaterialsI. A. Korobetskii and S. A. Nazimov

The Morphological Investigation of Carbon Materials during Cool 343Oxygen Plasma OxidationI. A. Korobetskii and S. A. Nazimov

Influence of y-Band upon XRD Analysis of Coal Structure 347N. Yoshizawa, K. Maruyama, Y. Yamada and M. Shiraishi

Characterization and Mechanism of Bituminous Coal Oxidation 351J. A. Macphee, L. Giroux, J. P. Charland, W. Hutny, J. Gransden and J.Price

Cluster Model of Chemical Modification of Sapropelitic Coals 355N. V. Bodoev, A. P. Kozlov, R. Gruber, V. A. Kucherenko and J.M. Guet

B. COAL COMBUSTION AND CONVERSION SCIENCE 359

B.I COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION 359

Recent Progress in R&D of Coal Utilization in China 361Y. Wang

xni

The Effect of Pressure on Pulverized Coal Combustion CharacteristicsH. Matsuda, S. Kajitani, M. Shindo and H. Makino

Effect of Microstructural Changes on Gasification Reactivity of CoalChars during High Temperature Gasification/i. Sharma, T. Kyotani and A. Tomita

The Influence of Inorganic Material on Carbon Fine Structure in CoalChar during GasificationK. Morishita and T. Takarada

Extinction Mechanisms in Pulverized Coal CombustionR. H. Hurt, J. K. Sun and T. Lang

Modeling of an Indirect Heated GasifierW. Klose and S. Jensen

Coal Fragmentation during Pulverised Coal Combustion at ElevatedTemperatures and PressuresS. Schafer, H. Seewald, M. Kaiser and B. Bonn

The Effect of Chlorine Content and Other Factors on Alkali Emissionsduring PFBC of Bituminous Coal and LigniteB. Bonn, C. Steffin, W. Wanzl, U. A. Gottwald and P. B. Monkhouse

Comparison of the Investigation Methods to Describe the CombustionBehaviour of Coal BlendsM. Kaiser, H. Seewald and U. S. Altmann

Predicting Boiler Slagging of UK and Spanish Power Station CoalsJ. Williamson, N. V. Russell, F. Wigley, D. Alvarez, A. Gomez Borregoand R. Menendez

Intrinsic Char Combustion Reactivity from TGA MeasurementsN. V. Russell, T. J. Beeley, C. K. Man, J. R. Gibbins and J. Williamson

Kinetics and Surface Characterization of Chars of Titiribi CoalActivated with CO2 and H2OA. Montoya, E. Florez and F. Mondragon

Characterisation of Char from the Combined Cycle Gasification of CoalN. Neal, T. J. Mays and B. McEnaney

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XIV

The Transient Ignition of a Coal Particle Cloud 415T. X. Phuoc, M. P. Mathur and J. M. Ekmann

A Study on the Combustion Rates of Pulverized-Coal Char Particle in 419O2/CO2 Environment

, Y.~F. Liu, Y. H. Li, W. P. Yan, X. M. Ye and Z. P. Song

Effect of the Dense Phase Temperature of a Fluidized Bed on the Final 423Pyrolysis Products YieldH. B. Li, C. Z. Wu, Y Chen and Y. Wang

Low Quality Coals and Blending: Ash Formation and Deposition 427R. Korbee, S. Eenkhoorn, P. G. T. Heere and J. H. A. Kiel

Deposits of Ash Particles to the Water-Cooled Wall under an Entrained 431Bed Coal Gasification ConditionY Ninomiya and A. Sato

An Extended Coal Combustion Model 435R. I. Backreedy, R. Habib, J. M. Jones, M. Pourkashanian andA. Williams

The Effect of Particle Size on the Spontaneous Combustion Tendency of 439Indonesian CoalsY. S. Nugroho, A. C. Mclntosh and B. M. Gibbs

Assessment of Combustion and NOx Performance of Chinese Coals for 443Use in Low NOx BurnersS. M. Godoy, F. C. Lockwood, H. G. Chen and K. C. Xie

Interaction between Alkali and Mineral Matter of Coal under 447Pressurised Combustion ConditionsC. Steffin and W. Wanzl

The Effect of Char Formation Temperature on Char Structure and 451ReactivityM. J. G. Alonso, A. G. Borrego, D. Alvarez and R. Menendez

Particle-Based Characterization of Pulverised Coals and Chars for 455Carbon Burnout StudiesJ. R. Gibbins, M. H. Seitz, S. M. Kennedy, T. J. Beeley and G. S. Riley

XV

Assessment of Flame Stability in Swirl-Stabilised Burners and Relation 459to Coal PropertiesJ. Gibbins, J. B. Zhang, H. Afzal, G. Riley and T. Beeley

Numerical Prediction of Combustion Performance in Fixed Bed System 463F. Chejne, S. V. Pisupati, J. P. Hernandez and W. F. Florez

Experimental and Theoretical Study about Colombian Coal Combustion 467F. Chejne, M. Giraldo and A. F. Hill

High Unburned Carbon in Fly Ash from Stoker Boilers in China 471J. H. Fang, J. L. Lu, K. Saco, J. M. Beer and A. F. Sarofim

A New Method (HyPr-RING) for Producing Hydrogen from Coals 475S. Y. Lin, Y. Suzuki, H. Hatano and M. Harada

Gasification Behavior of Coal Chars Originating in Different Parts of 479the WorldM. A. Wojtowicz, R. Bassilakis and M. A. Serio

Quantitative Assessment of Char Thermodeactivation during Coal 483Combustion and GasificationP. Salatino, O. Senneca and S. Masi

Predicting the Complete Combustion Histories of Individual Particles of 487Any Coal TypeS. Niksa and R. H. Hurt

Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal 491P. Jaud and M. Qian

Mechanical Activation as Initiation of Coal Self-Ignition 495J. Medek and Z. Weishauptova

Influence of Additives on Emissions from the Fluidized Bed 499Combustion of LigniteI. Sykorova, V. Bouska, J. Smolfk, K. Schwarz, J. Kucera and V.Havranek

Improved Predictions of Coal Ash Slagging during Pulverised Coal 503CombustionJ, Williamson and F. Wigleyr

XVI

Microstructural Analysis of Pulverised Coal Chars by CCSEM 507F. Wigley, J. Williamson and F. D. Fitzgerald

CO2 Chemisorption on Chars Loaded with K, Fe and Ni and Its Relation 511to CO2 Gasification ReactivityF. Mondragon, A. Montoya and A. Molina

Effect of Coal Moisture on Emissions of Boiler Combustion 515E. Boke, N. Erdol, A. Oztiirk, A. Arisoy, E. Ekinci and H. Okutan

The Flame in O2/CO2 Pulverized Coal Combustion Simulation 519Y. H. Li, Y. F. Liu, W P. Yan and H. W. Chen

Kinetic Study of Pulverized Coal Combustion 523D. W. Hu, Z. M..Wu and K. C. Xie

The Study of Catalyzed Gasification Reaction of Char by CO2 527W. Zhao, J. L. Ye, F. Li and K. C. Xie

A Study on the Combustion Behaviour of Coal Blends 531F. Rubiera, E. Fuente, A. Arenillas and J. J. Pis

An Assessment of the Variations in the Structure of Chars Materials by 535Different Microscopy TechniquesM. J. G. Alonso, A. G. Borrego, D. Alvarez and R. Menendez

Coal Type and Burnout Performance 539E. Lester and M. Cloke

The Influence of Coal Mineral Matter Distribution on Char Structure 543and ReactivityL. B. Mendez, A. G. Borrego, D. Alvarez, R. Tarazona, R. Menendez, N.V. Russell, F. Wigley and J. Williamson

Measuring the Properties of Asian Low-Volatile Coals under Realistic 547Conditions for Combustion ModellingC. K. Man, J. R. Gibbins, G. Hesselmann and J. Gillespie

Thermodynamic Real Modelling of Melting Behaviour of Ashes and the 551Including of Alkalis in Ashes and SlagsA. Starke and B. Meyer

Alkali Absorption by Additives in PFBC Flue Gases 555D. Hohne and R. F. W. Kopsel

XVII

Analysis of Heat Exchange on Bladed Swirler of Pulverized Coal 559Slagging CombustorC. F. Yan, E. J. Chen and B. C. Lin

Adiabatic Oxidation Study of Coals - Some Implications for Reducing 563Oxidation and Spontaneous Heating of CoalT. X. Ren, J. S. Edwards and D. E. Clarke

Fate of Cadmium and Lead during Combustion of Coal in Thermal 567Power StationM. L. Pefia, L. E. Henao, M. M. Escallon and C. J. Cedeno

The Pyrolysis and Gasification Kinetics of Raw and Pretreated Coal 571X. G Liu, B. Q. Li and K. Miura

The Assessment of Low Volatile Fuels for Down-Shot Fired Boilers 575P. Cahill, T. J. Beeley, M. O'Connor, J. Spencer, J. R. Gibbins, C. K.Man and M. H. Seitz

Modelling of a Pressurised Entrained Flow Coal Gasifier 579G S. Liu, H. R. Rezaei, A. G Tate, J. A. Lucas, D. J. Harris and T. F.Wall

Research on Making Metallurgical Reduction Gas in Fluidized Bed by 583using Yang Quan CoalA. Xi, G Z. Chen, J. Y. Liu and J. D. Xie

T.GA. Studies of the Combustion of Lignite Blends 587J. Cheng, J. H. Zhou, X. Y Cao, Q. Yao, X. R. Wu and K. F. Cen

Ash Agglomerating Fluidized Bed Gasification Simulation 591Z. Tang, Z. Zhou, J. J. Huang, J. M. Zhang and Y. Wang

Use of a Simulator for Evaluation of the Injection of Pulverized 595Charcoal into Blast FurnaceP. S. Assis, P. J. Nolasco Sobrinho, J. A. S. Tenorio and R. M. Assis

Development of Coal Hydrogasification Technology 599K. Itoh, F. Noguchi, K. Katsukura and H. Maruyama

Influences of Coal and Char Properties on Carbon Elutriation in 603Pressurised Fluidized Bed CombustionA. L. T. Wang, Y B. Cui and J. F. Stubington

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Thermodynamic Research of Influence of Coal Composition andCombustion Condition on Trace Elements BehaviourL. N. Lebedeva, G. S. Golovin and E. V. Samuilov

Grid Reactor Experiments on the Influence of Pyrolysis Conditions onSubsequent GasificationJ. H. J. Moors, A. Veefkind, Y. G. M. Rikers and M. J. Vestjens

Modeling of In-Bed Char Combustion in Pressurized Fluidized BedCombustion - Model Development and Sensitivity AnalysisY. B. Cui, A. L. T. Wang and J. F. Stubington

Study on Tar Property from Coal Mild Gasification with Calcium OxideCatalystT. Y. Zhu, F. Y. Cheng, Z. G. Mao, W. Zheng and Y. Wang

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B.2 PYROLYSIS AND CARBONIZATION 623

A Highly Dispersed Limonite Catalyst for Direct Liquefaction of BrownCoalT. Kaneko, K. Tazawa, S. Yanai, M. Tamura and K. Shimasaki

Outline of Advanced Brown Coal Liquefaction ProcessN. Okuyama, N. Komatsu, S. Yanai, T. Kaneko, M. Tamura and K. Shimasaki

Optimization of Coal Liquefaction Process - Study of Improvement ofCoal Liquefied Oil QualityY. Aihara, K. Ikeda, K. Imada, H. Kakebayashi, T. Takeda, Y. Nogami,K. Inokuchi, T. Kamo and Y. Sato

Investigation of Coal Fluidity during Heating by DynamicViscoelasticityT. Yoshida, M. lino, T. Takanohashi and K. Kato

High Pressure Pyrolysis of Coals in a Radiant Coal Flow ReactorJ. Cor, N. Manton, D. J. Eckstrom, R. Malhotra and S. Niksa

Thermal Annealing Kinetics for Chars from Coals of Various RankH. S. Shim, R. H. Hurt and A. K. Mehta

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Modeling Nitrogen Release Based on Chemical Structural Evolution 649during Devolatilization of Pulverized CoalT. H. Fletcher, D. B. Genetti and S. T. Perry

Reactivity of Coal Macerals with Some Hydrogen Donor Solvents 653J. Pajak

Predicting the Distributions of Volatile Products from Any Coal with 657FlashchainS. Niksa

Hydrogen Distribution and Fluidity Interactions between Pitch Fractions 661Studied by High Temperature In-Situ 'H NMRJ. M. Andresen, C. E. Snape and H. H. Schobert

The Rate of Nitrogen Release during High Pressure Coal Pyrolysis 665J.Tomeczek and S.Gil

High Temperature In-Situ 'H NMR Study of Mesophase Formation in 669PitchesJ. M. Andresen, M. M. Maroto-Valer, S. C. Martin, S. R. Moinelo andC. E. Snape

An NMR Study of the Effect of Hydrothermal Dewatering on the 673Structure of an Australian Brown CoalS. C. Martin, C. E. Snape, J. M. Andresen, M. M. Maroto-Valer, L. M.Clemow and W. R. Jackson

An Improved Carbonization Process to Produce Formed Coke 677H. Ergun

The Effect of Pyrolysis on Coal Particle Size 681S. Hanson, J. W. Patrick, M. C. Turpin and A. Walker

Afolatilization Behavior of Nitrogen Compounds in Coals during the 685Pyrolysis at Two Different Heating RatesM. Nomura, K. Kidena, Y Hirose, T. Aibara and S. Murata

; Studies on Fusibility Chemistry by Referring to Coking and Non- 689|Coking Coals in View of Their Detailed Structural Dataf . Kidena, M. Hiro, T. Chikada, S. Murata and M. Nomura

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Evolution of Structural and Physico-Chemical Properties of Pure 693Vitrinite during Artificial Thermal EvolutionF. Laggoun-Defarge, P. Landais, J. N. Rouzaud, I. Suarez-Ruiz, I.Rannou and M. J. Iglesias

tudy for Pyrolysis Gas Composition in Fluidised Bed Gasification of 697Woody BiomassY G. Pan, X. Roca, E. Velo and L. Puigjaner

Study on Special Characteristics of Ewirgol Coals and Their Cokes 701Y. G. Tang, Q. L. Ma, Y. B. Wang and T. J. Ai

Low Temperature Liquid-Phase Cracking of Low Rank Coal 705Y. Sato, Y Kodera, T. Kamo, H. Yamaguchi and K. Tatsumoto

Effects of Heating Rate and Pressure on the Pyrolysis Yields of a Brown 709CoalC. Sathe and C. Z. Li

Decomposition of Pyrite and the Interaction of Pyrite with Coal Organic 713Matrix in Pyrolysis and HydropyrolysisH. K. Chen, B. Q. Li and B. J. Zhang

Co-Pyrolysis of Coal under Different Gases 717B. Q. Li, H. Q. Liao and B. J. Zhang

Yields of Pyrolysis Products for Coals Originating in Different Parts of 721the WorldM. A. Wojtowicz, R. Bassilakis and M. A. Serio

Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions of Coals on the Pore-Structure and 725Reactivity of Their CharsH. Oda, H. Aso and M. Fukuda

Structural Characterization of Coal Tar Pitches for the Development of 729Superior Anode BindersJ. M. Andresen, H. H. Schobert and F. J. Rusinko Jr

Evaluation of the Properties of Cokes Used in Brazilian Steel Plants by 733Non-Routine TestsE. Osorio, M. A. Ribas and A. C. F. Vilela

Structural Factors Influential in Coke Degradation 737E. R. Daw, J. W. Patrick, M. C. Turpin and A. Walker

XXI

SEM Study on the Deposition of Coal Pyrolysis in Arc Plasma JetY. J. Tian, H. G. Chen, Y L. Yan, Y. K. Lu, F. Li and K. C. Xie

Study on Coal Pyrolysis in Ar/H2 Plasma JetH. G Chen, Y J. Tian, F. Li, S. Y Zhu and K. C. Xie

Simulation of Coal Conversion in Ar/H2 Plasma JetY. J. Tian, H. G. Chen, W. R. Bao, F. Li, S. Y Zhu and K. C. Xie

Production of Metallurgical Coke Using Thermal Coal and ColombianNatural BitumenL. Pacheco, J. Diaz, L. Henao, G. Moreno, C. Baquero, A. Villegas andJ. Rincon

Mechanism of Control over Coal Carbonization by KOH and ZnCl2Q. Xie and Q. R. Chen

Production of Conductive Coke for Cathodic ProtectionE. G Mogollon, L. E. Henao, L. A. Pacheco, J. L. Ortiz and J. J. Diaz

Investigation of Sulfur-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in CoalDerived Tars of Pyrolysis and HydropyrolysisH. K. Chen, B. Q. Li and B. J. Zhang

The Suitability of Gray-King Pyrolysis for Obtaining StructuralInformation about Perhydrogenated VitrinitesM. J. Cuesta, M. J. Iglesias, A. Jimenez, F. Laggoun-Defarge and I.Suarez-Ruiz

741

745

749

753

757

761

765

769

Statistical Structure of Distilled Tar Fraction and Extracts from SameCoalX. L. Li and K. C. Xie

Study on Sub-Micron Sized Pyrite for Coal Liquefaction CatalystK. Hirano, M. Kouzu and M. Kobayashi

773

777

I B.3 LIQUEFACTION AND HYDROPYROLYSIS 781

Hydroconversion of Polycyclic Aromatics with Iron Catalysts as aModel Reaction to Study Conversion of Heavy Carbonaceous Resources

!"*E. Ogata, K. Horie, E. Niki, I. Saito, K. Ukegawa and A. Nishijima

783

XXII

Hydrogen Exchange Reaction of Tetralin with Tritiated MolecularHydrogen in a Flow ReactorW. Qian, H. Shirai, M. Ifuku, A. Ishihara and T Kabe

Relations between the Hydrogenolysis Reactivities and the StructuralChanges of Coals Induced by Thermal or Hydrothermal TreatmentM. Sugano, H. Ochiai and K. Mashimo

Catalytic Coprocessing of Coal and Petroleum Resid Using Oil-SolubleCo, Ni, and Mo Catalyst PrecursorsA. Piotrowski and C. S. Song

Catalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrocracking of 9,10-Diphenyl-anthraceneX. Y Wei, S. L. Zhou, Z. M. Zong, Y L. Peng and L. Wu

Coal Liquefaction for Producing Aromatic HydrocarbonsJ. F. Bai, H. J. Zhu, Y. Wang, H.Q. Hu, S. C. Guo and G. H. Chen

Liquefaction of Some Indonesian Low Rank CoalsY Artanto, W. R. Jackson and P. J. Redlich

The Characterisation of Coals for Prediction of Yields duringLiquefactionE. Lester, M. Cloke and A. Pickering

Taiheiyo Coal Conversion in HCOOH-Supercritical Water MixtureT. Adschiri, T. Aida, T. Sato, M. Watanabe and K. Arai

Study on Multi-Stage Hydropyrolysis of Coal in Fixed-Bed ReactorN. Wang, W. Li and B. Q. Li

Characterization of an Iron Based Catalyst for Direct Coal LiquefactionJ. S. Zhu, J. L. Yang, J. H. Guo, L. A. Zhang, B. Zhong and Z. Y Liu

Study on Solid Deposit Appeared in Hot High Pressure Separator inCoal Liquefaction 15Ot/d Pilot PlantS. Ueda, T. Aramaki and M. Kobayashi

Sulfur-Tolerant Bimetallic Pd-Pt Catalysts for Aromatics SaturationT. Sato, H. Yasuda, N. Kijima and Y. Yoshimura

787

791

795

799

803

807

811

815

819

823

827

831

XX111

Effects of Solvent Amount and Dispersed Catalyst in the Liquefaction ofIndonesian and Chinese CoalsU. Priyanto, K. Sakanishi and I. Mochida

Coal Liquefaction by Using the Comminuted Binary Catalyst of MetalSulfides by Mechanical MillingY. Kuriki, K. Uchida, S. Ohshima, M. Yumura and F. Ikazaki

Optimization of Coal Liquefaction Process - The Effect of Hydro-genated Solvent on the Coal LiquefactionH. Kakebayashi, T. Takeda, Y. Nogami, K. Inokuchi, Y. Aihara, K.Imada, T. Kamo and Y. Sato

Shungite Carbon Catalytic Effect on Coal TreatmentE. N. Grigorieva and N. N. Rozhkova

Coprocessing of Coal and Petroleum Resids using AmmoniumTetrathiomolybdate as Mo Catalyst PrecursorB. L. Wei and C. S. Song

Feasibility of Methanol-Mediated Phenol Extraction for Coal LiquidA. Matsumura, S. Sato, I. Saito and K. Ukegawa

Removal of the More Intractable Material from Coal Extract Streams byControlled PrecipitationA. Belghazi, M. Cloke and E. Lester

: Coal Dissolution Using Crude Heavy Oil and o-CresolL. Pacheco, J. Diaz, L. Henao, G. Moreno, C. Baquero, A. Villegas andJ. Rincon

^Composition and Characteristics of Heavy Products from CoprocessingSbf Yanzhou Coal and Daqing Petroleum ResidR. P. Yan, C. M. Zhang, J. L. Yang and Z. Y. Liu

erties of Ferrous Sulfate-Based Catalysts for Hydrogenation ofJfozhou Bituminous Coal. A. Zhang, J. L. Yang and Z. Y. Liu

ence of Liquefaction Conditions on Steam-Gasification Reactivitysidual Charsiii, J. L. Yang and Z. Y. Liu

835

839

843

847

851

855

859

863

867

871

875

XXIV

CO Hydrogenation over Cu/MnO2/ZrO2 Calcined at Different 879TemperatureG. S. Wu, X. P. Chen, J. Ren, Y. H. Sun,T Liu, T. D. Hu and Y. N. Xie

Influence of Silica Porosity on Performance of Co/SiO2 Catalysts for F- 883T SynthesisJ. G. Chen, H. W. Xiang and Y. H. Sun

Implications of the Pyrolysis System in the Structural Changes of 887Vitrinite and Effect on Its ReflectanceM. J. Iglesias, A. Jimenez, F. Laggoun-Defarge and I. Suarez -Ruiz

Study on the Novel Catalyst for Slurry F-T Synthesis 891J. L. Zhou, Y. J. Lu, Z. X. Zhang and G. H. Li

Author Index

VOLUME II

C. CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS FROM COAL 895

Chemicals and Materials from Coal. State of the Art and New 897Opportunities for ResearchC.S.Song

Production of Valuable Chemicals in High Yield from Brown Coals by 901Combining Liquid Phase Oxidation and Proper Upgrading MethodK. Mae, H. Shindo, K. Takahashi and K. Miura

Isotropic Carbon Fibers from Non-Conventional Pitch Precursors 905F. Derbyshire, R. Andrews, D. Jacques, M. Jagtoyen, G. Kimberand T. Rantell

Optimizing the Routes for the Production of Activated Carbons from 909AnthracitesM. M. Maroto-Valer and H. H. Schobert

Characterization by Small Angle X-RAY Scattering of the Microtexture 913of Adsorbents Resulting from Activation of Mixtures of Coals andMetallic Chlorides. Comparison with Adsorption DataJ. M. Guet, N. Cohaut, I. Gerard, D. Begin, G. Furdin and A. Albiniak