prosthetic teeth

7/29/2019 prosthetic teeth

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DENTURE TEETH

Smriti Narayan Thakur,1st year,P.G residen

Department of Prosthodontics and MaxillProsthetics,PDCH

25-12-2011


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Content Defenition

History Functions

Desirable characteristcs

Classification of Denture Teeth Conclusion

References


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DEFINITION

PROSTHETIC TEETH are the artifi

substitutes for the missing natural teeth umade of porcelain or plastic.


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HISTORY 700 B.C.: tooth

replacements included

wood, bone, ivory

teeth(carved by skilled

artisans) and artificial

teeth attached tonatural dentitions with

ligature or fixed to the

metal plate held in the

mouth


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15th century: 1st known European den

included hinge device with upper and lo

teeth set carved from a single material

than individual unit.


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18th century: use of porcelain for dentu

construction


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FUNCTIONS

The functions of prosthetic teeth are toRestore the esthetic, phonetic and mas

functions of the missing natural teeth.

Transmit forces to the denture base thrwhich they may be distributed by the

prosthesis to all teeth and tissues conta

by rigid parts of the denture.


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Maintain the integrity of the arch by su

missing proximal contacts.

Maintain the position of opposing teeth

supplying missing incisal and occlusal

contacts.


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DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTI

The desirable characteristics specific forprosthetic teeth are:

Have the color(shade), translucency, siz

shape, and characterization similar to tnatural teeth they replace.

Be easily shaped with conventional de

burs


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Be easily characterized with convention

dental stains.

Have a hardness and abrasion resistanc

similar to the opposing enamel or dent

material.

Chemically bond to the denture base m

or RPD alloy to which they are attached

Be resistant to staining by oral fluids an

Microorganisms.


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Be chemically inert.

Be odorless and tasteless and not pick u

odors or tastes from oral fluids.Have a surface which is dense to avoid

harboring oral fluids and microorganism

Be capable of being cleaned by customhygiene technics and materials.


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Be of low initial cost and inexpensively

repaired or replaced.

Be capable of being repaired and replaccustomary dental technics and materia

Be strong enough to resist the forces w

will be applied.Not soften or warp in hot water or

conventional denture cleansing solutio


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Classification of Prosthetic T

Based on materialBased on the morphology o

Acrylic teethPorcelain teeth

Inter-penetrating polymer network resin

teeth (IPN resin)

Gold occlusalsAcrylic resin with amalgam stops

Anatomic teeth

Semi-anatomic teeth

Non-anatomic teeth. Or

0o/Cuspless teethCross-bite teeth

Metal insert teeth.


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Acrylic teeth Acrylic resins, introduced in 1937 .

simple processing technique

Relative low cost of fabrication process


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ACRYLIC TEETH Plastic denture teeth/acrylic teeth hav

following advantages :Natural appearance & sound.

ease in adjustment

Restoration of surface polish.Break & chip resistance.

Last life of denture (5-7 years)


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Can be custom stained to match the cand characterization of the natural teet

Bond to most heat cured denture base A li d t t th h th f ll i


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Acrylic denture teeth have the following

disadvantages in comparison to porcelai

denture teeth:

Less wear resisstance-result in vertical

dimension.

Tendency to dull in appearance during

Less esthetic


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Major problem with acrylic teeth Tooth debonding, usually in the anterior regio

denture.

Cause of detachment-

lesser ridge lap surface area available fobonding

Direction of the stresses encountered function

S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acrylic teeth to acry

denture bases: a review, Gerodontology 2006; 23; 131139

Processes affect the achievement of a bond b


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Processes affect the achievement of a bond b

the acrylic teeth and denture base resin:

The polymerising denture base resin must

into physical contact with the denture toot

The polymer network of denture base resin

must react with the acrylic tooth polymer t

an interwoven polymer network (IPN)

S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acrylic teeth to acry

denture bases: a review, Gerodontology 2006; 23; 131139


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Debonding may be the result of incompatible s

conditions at the tooth and base interface.

The factors that contribute to this discrepan

Contamination of the joining surfaces.

Difference in structure of the two compon

because of their different processing routes.

S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acrylic teeth to acrylic res

bases: a review, Gerodontology 2006; 23; 131139

Porcelain teeth


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Porcelain teeth

Porcelain denture teeth have the

following advantages- More esthetic.

More dense surface which is hard, abrasive,

resistant, less prone to stains and easier to

clean. Greater wear resistance.

Beter retention of surface polish & finishing.

Not easily marreed or abraded during routine

polishing procedure .

Porcelain denture teeth have the followi


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Porcelain denture teeth have the followi

disadvantages

Difficulty in restoring surface polish after gr

Do not bond to the denture base resin.

Prone to chip or break if dropped on a hard s

Can not be used in where available denture

minimum.


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Click in function.

Accumulate stain around the gingival m

Abrade opposing natural teeth or teet

stored with resin or metal restorations

Must be mechanically attached to the base. The retentive pins and diatorics l

amount of tooth modification which ca

done


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COMPONENTS OF ARTIFICAL TEET

PORCELAIN anterior teeth-

metal pins for mechanical retention in the dent

base resin.

l i i h


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Porcelain posterior teeth

retentive reccesses (diatorics) in the ridge lap-Thedenture base ma-terial flows into the diatoric hole a

hardened locks the teeth in place

vent hloe in mesial & disatal aspect - Vent holes

an escape for air as the denture base material flows

diatoric hole.

COLLAR Id tifi f t th t b d


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COLLAR -Identifies area of tooth to be covered

by denture base material.

RIDGE LAP Area which normally overlaps

alveolar ridge.

PIN Gold alloy pin used to secure porcelain

anterior teeth in the denture base.

DOT Identifies 1st and 2nd upper premolar


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DOT Identifies 1st and 2nd upper premolar

molars. 1 dot = 1st premolars and 1st molars,

2nd premolars and 2nd molars. Dots are alwa

mesial to facilitate identifying rights and lefts DASH Identifies 1st and 2nd lower premola

molars. 1 dash = 1st premolars and 1st molar

dashes = 2nd premolars and 2nd molars. Dash

always on mesial to facilitate identifying rightlefts.

Dot


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FINISHING LINE A ledge used as a guid

trimming the wax on the denture base

material.

Lingual Finish

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACRYLIC & PORCELAIN TE


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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACRYLIC & PORCELAIN TE

PROPERTY ACRYLIC PORCELAIN

Abrasion resistance Low High

Bonding Chemical mechanicalAdjustability Easy difficult

Staining Easyily Not stain

Percolation Absent Present

Clicking sound Absent Present

Ease of fabrication Easy Difficult

Ease of rebasing Difficult to remove acrylic teeth Easy to remove acr

Truma to denture bearing area Less More

Adjustability Easy difficult

Paul Mercie,Franois Bellavance,Effect of Artificial Tooth Mate

on Mandibular Residual Ridge Resorption, J Can Dent Assoc 2

68 6 :346-50


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IPN RESIN TEETH

Interpentrating polymer network resin

IPN - material developed by inorganic microfiller ma

with an optimally matched particle size distribution

integrated into the polymer network.

i


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Properties Outstanding abrasion strength

Tissue friendly

Resistant to plaque

Colour stable

Chipping-free grinding

Outstanding impact strength Reduced absorption of water

Exceptional polishing properties also after grindin

Good bonding with the denture base material


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Effects

Long life of the prosthesis

High degree of biocompatibility

Excellent wearing comfort

Given the appropriate conditions, particular

suitable for implant restorations.

Very quick acceptance of the dental restorat

patients


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Benefits

Reliable/safe manufacturing process of

prostheses

Patient satisfaction in all aspects

Image building and maintenance for delaboratory and practice


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Cosmo HXL

Material - 90 % HXL polymers (highly cross link

10 % INPEN polymers

Shades - 14 V - Shades, w/o B1 & C1

Posterior cuspation - 23 - 25

Mould system - T - Tapered, 11 moulds

R - Rounds, 4 moulds

S - Square, 7 moulds

Forms Anterior Upper (22 forms)


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Forms - Anterior Upper (22 forms)

Anterior Lower (7 forms)

Posterior Upper (5 forms)

Posterior Lower (5 forms)

exceptionally high wear resistance

stain resistanceperfect color stability.

l l l


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Gold occlusal

considered to be best material to opp

natural tooth.

very expensive

require log fabrication time . so it is avoided.

d


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Indications

History of occlusal attrition

Bruxism

Orofacial tardive dyskinesia,

Self-induced excessive chewing, Idiopathic parafunctional mandibular

movement.

ADVANTAGES


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Improved wear ressistance.

Bonding capibility eith denture base res

Improve masticatory efficiency.

Not as moisy as porcelain teeth.

Strengthn the denture

DISADVANTAGES


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Cost metal insert teeth

Not be as esthetic as other artificial tee

T h i


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Technique

Remove the posterior teeth from the wax trial denture.

After cleaning the denture teeth, position the teeth with the osurfaces facing upward in the lower half of a denture flask fille

dental stone.

Coat the set stone with a separating medium


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Flasking done .

Trim away the gingival 23 of the denture tee

Leave approximately 2 mm of denture tooth

as measured from the cusp tips to the under

of the cut surfaces.

cut away material from the underside of the


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y

that a uniform thickness of approximately 1.5

remains.

Place multiple small undercuts in the denturundersurfaces to serve as retention for the a

resin.

Attach sprue formers to the undersurfa


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Attach sprue formers to the undersurfa

the acrylic resin patterns.

Investment done.


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Investment done.

casting

After divesting thecastings, recover the gold

occlusal surfaces and

polish.


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Position the polished castings into

their respective sites in the flask.

Select a heat-activated or

chemical-activated resin that

matches the shade of the anteriorteeth.

f f


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After the acrylic resin has polymerized, defla

separate the teeth.

Polish with an assortment of burs pum


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Polish with an assortment of burs, pum

and polishing compound.

Inspect the goldacrylic junction for an


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p g y j

imperfections: voids, inclusions of debr

discolorations.

After the gold occlusal surface denture


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After the gold occlusal surface denture

have been fabricated, reposition them

wax trial denture.

Due to the dimensional changes in the processing of


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acrylic resin and minor alterations to the occlusal su

during the finishing and polishing.

The tooth relationships may need to be altered to a

desired occlusal scheme.

wax try-in before final processing

The processed mandibular complete de


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with gold occlusal surfaces

Acrylic resing with amalgam sto


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Acrylic resing with amalgam sto

occlusal preparation made on the acrylic te

Amlgam is condensed into the preparation occlusal correction is done in the articulato

Less expensive.

Based on the morphology of the


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Anatomic tooth

DEFENTIOIN-An anatomic tooth is one that is designed to simulat

natural tooth form. The standard anatomic tooth has inclines of

approximately 33 degree or more.

Teeth that have prominent cusps on the masticating surfaces a

designed to articulate with the teeth of the opposing natural o

dentition

Anatomic teeth with cuspal inclinations greater than 0 degrees

to replica natural tooth anatomyusage cusp teeth (30 to 45 d

considered anatomic teeth. -GPT -8

ADVANTAGES


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ADVANTAGESMore efficient in cutting & grinding food.

Less masticatory effort & forces are needed.

Balanced occlusion can be achived in eccen

positions( protrusive, rt.& lt. lateral mvt.).

Cuspfossa relationship helps to guidedibl i t t i l i


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mandible into centric occlusion.

Aesthetically & psychologically accepta

Physical contours closely resemble natu

teeth so more compatible to the oral

Disadvantages


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Disadvantages

Magnify the horizontal forces acting on

ridge.

Teeth setting crusial to obtain proper

occlusion.

Semianatomic Teeth


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Cusp angles ranging between 0

degree to 30 degree.

cusp angle usually around 20

degree.

Also called as modified anatomic

teeth

Development


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Development

In 1922 - victor sears designed 1st semi anatomic tee

Also called as Channel tooth.Consisted of

Mesiodistal groove in all maxillary posterior teeth.

Mesiodistal ridge in all mandibular posterior tee

Designed for unlimited protrusive movement & limited lateral movement

b h d f d h


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In 1930- avery brothers modified chan

tooth called as scissor teeth.

Oppsite of the channel tooth .

Grooves and ridges run buccolingually

that protrusive movement limited & lat

movement free.

Designed to shear food in the lateral

direction.

Nonanatomic Teeth


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O degree or cuspless Teeth .

Defenition -The term nonanatomic as applartificial posterior teeth, and especially their

forms, means that such teeth are designed in

accordance with mechanical principles rathe

from the viewpoint of anatomic replication. - I. R. Hardy -first introduced nonanatomic tee

flat occlusal surfaces set to a flat occlusal pla

Hall in 1929 designed 1st cuspless tooth- ninverted cusp tooth


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inverted cusp tooth.

The occlusal surfaces flat with concentric c

depressions producing sharp conncenrtic rid

around central depression.

In 1929 Myerson Truekusp Teeth.

Teeth had buccolingual ridges on the ccclu

surfaces of both maxillary & mandibular tee

The ridges of opposing teeth were parallel

other.

In 1934 ,Nelson

chopping block


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In this design -the maxillary teeth mesiodis

ridges & the mandibular teeth buccolingridges.

Ridges occluded perpendicular to each othe

increasing the masticatory efficiency.

In 1939 swenson designed the Non-

h


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tooth.

Occlusal surface flat with sluiceways.

Single buccal & lingual incline

Advantages


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In patient with bruxism decrease the force

on the basal tissues.

Greter range of movements is possible.

Use in patients with neuromuscular disorderjaw relation can not be recorded.

Hi hl b d id

Disadvantages


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Give unaesthetic appearance .

Masticatory efficiency is less.

Balanced occlusion can not be obtaine

occlusion is in two dimensions where

mandibular movement is in three dime Attempt to correct these teeth by occlu

grinding decrease their efficiency.

Cross bite teeth


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In 1927 Gysi designed cross bite teeth.

Buccal cusp -maxillary teeth absent but la

palatal cusp present which rest on the lowe

Used in jaw discrepancy cases leading to a

posterior cross bite relationship.

Metal insert teeth


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1st designed by Hardy.

Also called as vitallium occlusal.

Each tooth look like the fusion of two premo

one molar.

Vitallium ribbon is embedded in a zigzag pat

th l l f

The vitallium metal is slightly rasied ab


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occlusal surface.

on occlusion metal to metal contact p

greater cutting efficiency.

Mold & shade identificatio


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Artificial teeth are available in numero

mold & shades.

Identifying codes are not standard thro

out the industry.

Trubyte bioform mold numbering s


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Left part of the tooth mounting card

two numbers & one letter.

1st number- classification of mold

1- square 5. tapering ovoid

2. square tapering 6. ovoid

3. square ovoid 7. tapering ovoid

4. tapering

The second number indicates- the too

long medium or short


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long,medium or short.

1. long ,straight

2. medium,straight

3. short,straight

4. long curved

5. medium, curved

6. short.curved.

The letter indicateswidth of all six anteeth set on a curve.


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teeth set on a curve.

B - less than 44mm.

C - 44 to 46 mm

D - 46 to 48mm

E - 48 to 50 mm

F or X - 50 to 52 mm

G - 52 to 54mm H - 54 to 56 mm

J & above 56mm

Conclusion


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No one tooth is ideal for all types of

. Every artificial tooth has some adva& disadvantages for both clinical & ma

poin of view. So select the artifical toot

according to patient clinical condition aas his /her expectation.

References


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Patrick M. Lloyd , Laboratory Fabrication of Gold Occlusal Surfaces

Removable and Implant- Supported Prostheses, J.Prosthodont 2003 Sears VH. Thirty years of nonanatomic teeth. J PROSTHET DENT 1953; 3:59

THE GLOSSARY OF PROSTHODONTIC TERMS -8.

Essential of complete prosthodontics 2nd editionsheldon winkler.

Dental laboraory procedures complete denture . Vol-1 Rudd & Morrow

Harlod R.Ortman,complete denture occlusion ,Dental clinics of North Am

vol. 21,No.2,1977.


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Paul Mercie,Franois Bellavance,Effect of Artificial T

Material on Mandibular Residual Ridge Resorption, JAssoc 2002; 68(6):346-50.

S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acryl

acrylic resin denture bases: a review, Gerodontology

131139

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prosthetic teeth