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International Symposium onHARMONISING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL ofRiver BasinsRiver Basins
PROTECTING WATER RESOURCES- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
by:NOORHASHIM BIN BARONNational Water Services Commission (SPAN)
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA1
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)24 – 26 MAC 2010PRINCE HOTEL & RESIDENCE, KUALA LUMPUR
1 Policy and Institutional Framework on
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
1. Policy and Institutional Framework on Water Services and Role of SPAN
2. Issues and Challenges
3. Conclusion
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA2
2
BODYAREA OF
RESPONSIBILITY DESCRIPTION
Federal Government (Ministr of Energ Water
Policy matters Development of a holistic water policy for the co ntr b setting polic
POLICY & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ON WATER SERVICES
(Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications)
for the country by setting policy directions.
State Government Raw Water matters Regulate raw water abstraction and catchment management
National Water Resource Council (NWRC) – chaired by Prime Minister
Water Resource matters – Cross boundaries / Inter state / Issue of National
Ensures coordination with the various State Government in the management of the water basins.
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA3
/ Issue of National interest
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)
Regulatory matters Regulate the Water Services industry (Water and Sewerage services)
STATE FEDERAL
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
DAM
RIVER
BALANCINGRESERVOIR
SERVICERESERVOIR
CONSUMER
STATE FEDERAL
CATCHMENT AREA
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA4
SOURCE TREATMENT DISTRIBUTION
3
A) Individual Septic Tank
PREMISE OWNER
SEWERAGE SYSTEM
RIVER
SEWAGETREATMENT PLANT
B) Connected System
PREMISE OWNER
SEPTIC TANK
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA5
COLLECTIONTREATMENT
Sewerage remains under the jurisdiction of Federal Government
National Policy Objectives for the Water Supply and Sewerage Services Industry are:
NATIONAL POLICY OBJECTIVES
i. To establish a transparent and integrated structure for watersupply services and sewerage services that delivers effectiveand efficient service to consumers;
ii. To ensure long term availability and sustainability of watersupply including the conservation of water;
iii. To contribute to the sustainability of the watercourse and thewater catchment areas;
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA6
iv. To facilitate the development of competition to promoteeconomy and efficiency in the water supply services andsewerage services industry;
v. To establish a regulatory environment which facilitatesfinancial self sustainability amongst the operator in the waterservices and sewerage services industry in the long term;
4
vi To regulate for the long-term benefit of the consumers;
NATIONAL POLICY OBJECTIVES (Cont’d…)
vi. To regulate for the long-term benefit of the consumers;vii. To regulate tariff and ensure the provision of affordable
services on an equitable basis;viii. To improve the quality of life and environment through the
effective and efficient management of water supply servicesand sewerage services;
ix. To establish an effective system of accountability andgovernance between operators in the water services andsewerage services industry; and
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA7
sewerage services industry; andx. To regulate the safety and security of the water supply
system and sewerage system.
An Act to establish the SuruhanjayaPerkhidmatan Air Negara – SPAN(National Water Services Commission)
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA ACT 2006 [Act 654]
( )and set out the function and powers ofSPAN which includes:
To advise the Minister on the nationalpolicy objectiveTo implement and enforce the provisionsof WSIATo supervise and monitor water supplyservices and sewerage services activitiesTo review and recommend tariffs
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA8
To review and recommend tariffs
SPAN is the economic and technical regulatorApproved by Parliament in June 2006 and came into force on 1 Feb 2007
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An Act to provide for and regulate water supply services and sewerage servicesObjective : to establish a licensing and
WATER SERVICES INDUSTRY (WSIA) ACT 2006 [Act 655]
Objective : to establish a licensing and regulatory framework for regulatory intervention to promote national policy objectives for the industry.Does not affect general applications of existing laws on environment quality and land matters and existing State powers on water source
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA9
water source.Approved in Parliament in June 2006 and gazetted on 20th July 2006
Came into force on 1st January 2008
WHO ARE BEING REGULATED?
PUBLICWATER
OPERATORS
PRIVATE WATER
OPERATORS
REGULATED BY SPAN
PUBLICSEWERAGEOPERATORS
OPERATORSPRIVATE
SEWERAGE OPERATORS
SEWERAGE CONTRACTORS
• IWK, PBT Kelantan, PBT Pasir Gudang + MBJB
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA10
WATER CONTRACTORS
CONTRACTORS
MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS
PLUMBERS
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QUALITY OUTPUT
The new regulatory regime is aimed to ensure:
QUALITYPEOPLE +PROCESS
QUALITYINPUT
QUALITYOUTPUT
Quality• Materials• Products
Skilled, Competent
• Contractors
QUALITYOPERATION &MAINTENANCE
Efficient• Operation• Facilities
++ =
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA11
Contractors• Plumbers
Standard,Proven
• Specification• Procedures• Best
Practices
• Facilities Management and Maintenance
1 Policy and Institutional Framework on
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
1. Policy and Institutional Framework on Water Services and Role of SPAN
2. Issues and Challenges
3. Conclusion
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA12
7
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES- Sg. Langat Water Catchment
Sg. LangatSg. Raya
Sg. PerimbunSg. Sering
Bandar Mahkota Cheras
Sg. Long
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA13
Sg. Cheras
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Shutdown of Cheras Bt. 11 Water Treatment Plant
Design Capacity: 7.13 MGD;Extracting water from Sg. Langat;Located on top of Bukit Sebaran, Hulu Langat at 133.8 m above sea level;Experienced a total of more than 50 times shutdown since 1998;
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Raw water pollution: -High ammonia levelContaminated with oil / dieselContain chemicals
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ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Part of water catchment areas has been transformed from forest / agricultural area to residential, commercial & industrial area (urbanisation)
Sg. Langat WTP
Cheras Bt 11 WTP
(urbanisation).
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA15
Langat River
Raya Raya
CherasRiver
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Langat River (Upper Langat) and its tributaries
Sering RiverLangat River
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA16
Raya RiverPerimbun River
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ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Langat River (Upper Langat) and its tributaries
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA17
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Source of pollution
o Domestic sewageEffluent from public & private STP and septic tanks.
o Manufacturing and Industrial dischargeEffluent discharges, illegal dumping, leakages of waste, accidental spillage etc.
o Wet marketo Private nurseries & agriculture
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA18
o Private nurseries & agricultureo Run-off water
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EVOLUTION OF THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
Prior to 1950-s
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Year1950-s 1970-s 1980-s 1990-s 2000
Primitive / Primary Treatment Partial / Full Secondary Treatment
1960-s
Pour FlushSeptic Tank
Imhoff TankOP/AL Activated Sludge/
Biological FiltersFully Mechanised
Plant
Address Public Health Address River Pollution Address Environment
Future TertiaryTreatment
BEFORE & AFTER REFURBISHMENT / UPGRADING
Before After
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA20
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ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Environmental Quality Act 1974Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009
Effluent discharge standards for existing sewage treatment systems
Sewage treatment systems approved before January 1999Type of Sewage Treatment Systems
Parameter Unit Communal Septic Tank
Imhoff Tank Aerated Lagoon
Oxidation Pond
Mechanical System
A B A B A B A B A B
(a) BOD5 at 20oC mg/L 200 200 175 175 100 100 120 120 60 60
(b) COD mg/L - - - - 300 300 360 360 180 240
(c) Suspended Solids mg/L 180 180 150 150 120 120 150 150 100 120
(d) Oil & Grease mg/L - - - - - - - - 20 20
(e) Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/L - - 100 100 80 80 70 70 60 60
S t t t t d ft J 1999
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA21
Standard
Parameter Unit A B
(a) BOD5 at 20 OC mg/L 20 50
(b) COD mg/L 120 200
(c) Suspended Solids mg/L 50 100
(d) Oil and Grease mg/L 20 20
(e) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 50 50
Sewage treatment systems approved after January 1999
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Environmental Quality Act 1974Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009
Effluent discharge standards A & B for new sewage treatment systems
STANDARD
A B
(a) Temperature oC 40 40
(b) pH Value - 6.0 - 9.0 5.5 – 9.0
(c) BOD5 at 20oC mg/L 20 50
(d) COD mg/L 120 200
(e) Suspended Solids mg/L 50 100
(f) Oil and Grease mg/L 5.0 10.0
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(g) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 5.0 5.0
(h) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (river) mg/L 10.0 20.0
(i) Nitrate – Nitrogen (river) mg/L 20.0 50.0
(j) Nitrate – Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 10.0 10.0
(h) Phosphorus (enclosed water body) mg/L 5.0 10.0
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ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Possible Solution
Structural Non-structuralUpgrade the existing water treatment plant
Enforcement
Upgrade the existing sewage treatment plant
Awareness campaign
Relocate the water intake point Research and Development
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA23
Improve the drainage systems to control both quantity and quality of urban runoff.
1 Policy and Institutional Framework on
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
1. Policy and Institutional Framework on Water Services and Role of SPAN
2. Issues and Challenges
3. Conclusion
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA24
13
CONCLUSION
The protection of Langat watercatchment is needed in ensuringsustainability of water resources forfuture use;The water management approach shallconsider for both quantity and quality of
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA25
river water.
THANK YOU
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA26
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara Daripada :
www.span.gov.my