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Proteins Proteins Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

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Page 1: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

ProteinsProteins

Chapter 5Chapter 5

Page 2: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

Where are they found?Where are they found?

In the cells of all organisms.In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids.Made up of amino acids. Produced in the ribosome using DNA.Produced in the ribosome using DNA.

Page 3: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

How are they produced?How are they produced?

1.1. Cell receives a signal to make a certain quantity Cell receives a signal to make a certain quantity of a specific protein.of a specific protein.

2.2. A portion of DNA unwinds, exposing gene A portion of DNA unwinds, exposing gene responsible for that protein.responsible for that protein.

3.3. mRNA enters nucleus & makes a copy of that mRNA enters nucleus & makes a copy of that gene sequence (transcription)gene sequence (transcription)

4.4. mRNA transports the copy to the ribosome—mRNA transports the copy to the ribosome—called a codon.called a codon.

5.5. tRNA attaches complimentary base sequences to tRNA attaches complimentary base sequences to the mRNA sequence—called anticodon the mRNA sequence—called anticodon (translation)(translation)

6.6. Each set of 3 codons make a specific amino acid.Each set of 3 codons make a specific amino acid.

Page 4: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

Transcription & Translation Transcription & Translation AnimationAnimation

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1302ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1302

Page 5: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

Protein FunctionsProtein Functions

Antibodies: protect body from Antibodies: protect body from pathogens pathogens

by recognizing antigens by recognizing antigens on on

the pathogen & the pathogen & destroying it.destroying it.

Page 6: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

Contractile Proteins: Actin & myosinContractile Proteins: Actin & myosin

Page 7: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

Enzymes: biological catalysts that break Enzymes: biological catalysts that break molecules apart and bring them molecules apart and bring them togethertogether

EX. Lactase: breaks down lactose (milk EX. Lactase: breaks down lactose (milk sugar)sugar)

EX. Pepsin: breaks down proteins found EX. Pepsin: breaks down proteins found in food in the stomachin food in the stomach

Page 8: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

Hormones: messenger proteins that Hormones: messenger proteins that coordinate bodily activities.coordinate bodily activities.

EX. Insulin: regulates blood glucose EX. Insulin: regulates blood glucose concentrationconcentration

Ghrelin: Stimulates appetiteGhrelin: Stimulates appetite

Page 9: Proteins Chapter 5. Where are they found? In the cells of all organisms. In the cells of all organisms. Made up of amino acids. Made up of amino acids

Biotech IndustryBiotech Industry

Biotechnology has created over 200 Biotechnology has created over 200 new biotherapeutics & vaccines, new biotherapeutics & vaccines, including products to treat cancer, including products to treat cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS and autoimmune diabetes, HIV/AIDS and autoimmune disorders. The majority of these are disorders. The majority of these are therapeutic proteins.therapeutic proteins.


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