Proteinshttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Membrane_protein.png

http://www.clemson.edu/centers-institutes/sullivan/patients/nutrition101/Protein/ http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/food-amino.gif

http://www.sciencemusings.com/blog/uploaded_images/Protein2-732879.jpg

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Learning Target #3• Analyze proteins and explain how organisms use

them:– Explain the structure of proteins– Describe the function group(s).– Explain the types of monomers and polymers (how are the

polymers formed?).– Create a model naming, describing, and showing the results

of the chemical tests.– Clarify the function and importance of proteins.– Identify food examples of proteins.

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/bio104/protein.jpghttp://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/hpc/detail-page/c26-B001G8Y8VM-1-l.jpg

Proteins • Contains:

– carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)

• Monomers:– amino acids.

• Functional groups: – amino group (–NH2) on one end

– a carboxyl group (–COOH) on the other end.

Structure and Function of Proteins

How are Amino Acids compared?

• in a side chain called the R-group, differs by the amount of C,H,&O

• Central C bonded to H• More than 20 different amino acids

are found in nature. • most diverse macromolecules • Examples:

• tryptophan, glycine• http://www.foodnetwork.com/food-detectives/index.html Picture: http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/food-amino.gif

C-H Bond

C-H Bond

R-Group

R-Group

What is the difference between carbohydrates and proteins?

A. Carbohydrates contain carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen; while proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

B. Carbohydrates monomers are monosaccharide, while proteins monomers are amino acids.

C. Carbohydrates function is to build muscles and structures for the human body, while proteins provide the main energy source.

D. Carbohydrates turn orange in color with a benedicts test, while proteins turn black in color with an iodine test. A. B. C. D.

0% 0%0%0%

The following molecule below shows which functional group(s) that is/are present in amino acids and proteins?

A. Hydroxyl groupB. Amine groupC. Carboxyl groupD. Both A and BE. Both A and CF. Both B and C

A. B. C. D. E. F.

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

How do Proteins form?• Dehydration synthesis join 2

amino acids to form dipeptide

• -OH from carboxyl (COOH) and H from NH2 forms H2O

• C-N bond formed (peptide bond-strong covalent bond)

• many amino acids form a polypeptide (many C-N bond)

• polypeptides form a protein

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Peptidformationball.svg/400px-Peptidformationball.svg.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Protein_folding.png

How are proteins different?Differ by:

Number of amino acidsKind of amino acids sequence of amino acidsStructure of the protein

• Each organism builds its own kind of proteins

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A peptide bond is formed between which atoms

A. carbon and oxygenB. carbon and carbonC. oxygen and nitrogenD. nitrogen and hydrogenE. nitrogen and carbon

A. B. C. D. E.

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92%

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What will be formed when the hydrolysis reaction below occurs?

A. Disaccharide B. two amino acidsC. two monosaccharideD. an amino acid and

glycerol Disacc

haride

two amino acid

s

two m

onosacch

aride

an amino acid and glyc

erol

0% 4%0%

96%

Which of the following would have an effect on the type of protein molecule that an organism makes?

A. The number of amino acids that are bonded together.

B. The sequence of the amino acids in the chain.

C. The types of amino acids that are joined together.

D. All of the above.

A. B. C. D.

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92%

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Chemical Test for Proteins

1. Xanthoproteic Test or Nitric Acid Test (clear solution to start)

– Positive test turns yellow

2. Biuret Test-(blue solution to start)

– Positive test turns violet

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20laboratory/chemical%20composition%20of%20cells/biuret.jpg

Protein Functions:

Have a variety of functions:• Controlling the rate of reactions and

regulating cell processes (enzymes)• Forming cellular structures

– Muscles, skin, hair, organs, etc…• Transporting substances into or out

of cells (cell membrane)• Helping to fight disease (make

antibodies).

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When nitric acid is added to a protein it turns …

A. BlueB. VioletC. OrangeD. YellowE. Black

BlueViolet

Orange

Yellow

Black

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20%

0%

76%

0%

What is/are the function(s) of proteins?

A. To provide quick energyB. To fight diseasesC. To store glucose moleculeD. To transport substances

into or out of a cellsE. Both A and BF. Both B and CG. Both B and D

A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

0%

8%

0%

72%

16%

4%0%

Are diets high is protein healthy?

• Article:• http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/diet-fitne

ss/diets/high-protein-meat-based-diets-mean-higher-mortality-rate-study-says.htm

• Video:• http://www.doctoroz.com/videos/truth-about-high-p

rotein-diets-pt-1

http://www.thedailygreen.com/cm/thedailygreen/images/iron-source-edamame-soybeans-lg.jpg

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