Protists I

Lab 3BIOL 171

Remember!: Classification System

Ancestral Eukaryote

We’ll be looking at all of these!

Protists are everywhere in Eukarya!

“the junk drawer of the eukaryotes”

Ancestral Eukaryote

We’ll be looking at all of these!

Protists are everywhere in Eukarya!

“the junk drawer of the eukaryotes”

6 Kingdoms

• Plants (Plantae)• Animals (Animalia)• Fungi (Fungi)• Eubacteria• Archaeabacteria• Protista

Linnaeus[5]

(1735)2 kingdoms

Haeckel[6]

(1866)3 kingdoms

Chatton[7]

(1925)2 groups

Copeland[8]

(1938)4 kingdoms

Whittaker[2] (1969)

5 kingdoms

Woese [9][10]

(1977,1990)3 domains

Animalia Animalia

Eukaryote

Animalia Animalia

EukaryaVegetabilia PlantaePlantae Plantae

ProtoctistaFungi

Protista(not

treated) ProtistaProkaryote Monera Monera

Archaea

Bacteria

A constantly changing system…

Lab Study A: Euglenozoans – Trypanosoma levisi (prepared slide)– Euglena (make wet mount) – not in

manual (use depression slide)– Termites (Trichonympha) - procedure

not in manual

Trypanosoma and red blood cells

Euglena

Trichonympha• Lives in the intestine of the termite• Bacterial endosymbionts inside Trichonympha

digest cellulose- Termite > Trichonympha > Spirochetes

Procedure1. Place a couple of drops of Ringer’s solution on a clean slide.2. Transfer a termite into the drop of solution.3. Place slide under a dissecting microscope.4. Place the tips of dissecting needles at either end of the termite and pull in

opposite directions.5. Locate the long tube that is the termite’s intestine.6. Place a cover slip over the specimen and lightly press down on coverslip to

release the Trichonympha from the intestines. Observe with a compound microscope.

Lab Study B: Alveolates

Ciliate: Paramecium caudatum – (wet mount) in manual

Dinoflagellates: mixed dinoflagellates (live & wet mount), and Peridinium (wet mount) not in manual

Paramecium structures

Dinoflaggelates

Lab Study C: Stramenopiles

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) – make wet mount

Also observe diatomaceous earth (the cell wall deposits from diatoms) – make wet mount and look at prepared slides

Diatom diversity

Diatom cell wall made of silica

Stramenopile flagella

Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

Living: Ectocarpus and SphacelariaPreserved: Fucus and Laminaria

Lab Study D: Rhizaria (different title from manual)

• Foraminiferans - prepared slides

Radiolarians - prepared slides

Think about…

• Morphological characteristics• Ecology of the organism• How does the organism get around?• What role do they play in the ecosystem?• Do they have any economic value?• Where do they live?

• Don’t know the answer?? It’s probably a great research question! Ask me about it.