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The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths

Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

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Page 1: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

The Parasites of Medical Importance 

Chapter 23 

Protozoans and Helminths

Page 2: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic
Page 3: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Parasitology

n  the study of eucaryotic parasites, protozoa and helminths 

n  cause 20% of all infectious diseases n  less prevalent in industrialized countries

Page 4: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Protozoa Protozoa

n  single­celled, animal­like microbes, having some form of motility 

n  life cycles vary q  most propagate by simple asexual cell division of the active feeding cell (trophozoite) 

q  many undergo formation of a cyst q  others have a complex life cycle that includes asexual & sexual phases

Page 5: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic
Page 6: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Helminths Helminths

n  adults are large, multicellular animals with specialized tissues & organs 

n  adult worms mate & produce fertilized eggs that hatch into larvae that mature in several stages to adults 

n  the sexes may separate or hermaphroditic n  adults live in the definitive host n  eggs & larvae may develop in the same host, external environment of intermediate host 

n  a transport host experiences no parasitic development

Page 7: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic
Page 8: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Helminths Helminths

n  pathology arises from worms feeding on & migrating through tissues and accumulation of worms & worm products 

n  antihelminthic drugs paralyze their muscles, causing them to be shed or interfere with metabolism, killing them

Page 9: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic
Page 10: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Nematodes Nematodes - - roundworms roundworms

n  Filamentous with protective cuticles, circular muscles, a complete digestive tract, & separate sexes 

n  Ascaris lumbricoides n  Trichuris trichiura n  Enterobius vermicularis –pinworm n  Hookworms n  Strongyloides stercoralis n  Trichinella spiralis n  Filarial worms

Page 11: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Hookworms Hookworms

Page 12: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Trematodes Trematodes or flukes or flukes

n  flatworms with ovoid leaflike bodies n  have digestive, excretory, neuromuscular, & reproductive systems 

n  lack circulatory & respiratory systems n  animals such as snails or fish are usually the intermediate hosts & humans are the definitive hosts

Page 13: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic

Cestodes Cestodes- -Tapeworms Tapeworms

n  flatworms n  long, very thin, ribbonlike bodies composed of sacs (proglottids) & a scolex that grips the intestine 

n  each proglottid is an independent unit adapted to absorbing food & making & releasing eggs 

n  Taenia saginata n  Taenia solium

Page 14: Protozoans and Helminths - Bellarmine University · 2006. 3. 30. · The Parasites of Medical Importance Chapter 23 Protozoans and Helminths. Parasitology n the study of eucaryotic