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Proxemics throughout CultureBy: Brittany Bahr, Chris Lanham, Kaila Knueppel, Machaela Schultz, Robert Schroeder, & Sarah Frelich
Definition by Hall “Proxemics is in the nature of animals
including man to exhibit behavior which we call territoriality. In doing so, they use the senses to distinguish between one space or distance and another.”
Katz described proxemics as the shell of a snail
Stern developed the concept of a personal world
Proxemics is defined in many ways
Uexkull uses the analogy of being “surrounded by soap bubble worlds”
Haydek and Sundstrom use the electrical field analogy
Comparing Cultures
Contact Arab Southern
Europeans Latin Americans
Non-contact Northern
Europeans Asians Americans Indians
“Proxemics research requires an inordinate amount of time. Because of the many variables present, few studies have been done which examine its impact.”
~Edward Hall
Latin Americans Complete strangers Kissing on the cheek Less spatial proximity More Intimate contact
Latin Americans Children shake hands Men to women greet with a (beso) kiss Men to men greet with hug 18 inches Wives avoid eye contact with husbands
North Americans• Greetings• Man to man• Woman to
woman• Man to woman
• Gestures• Whistling• Waving• The finger
African CulturesEthiopia Greetings
Man to Man Woman to woman Man to woman
Personal space and touching Differs Same sex touching is acceptable
example: males holding hands Opposite sex touching less common
Uganda Greetings
Man to man Woman to woman Man to woman
Personal space Minimal Less than an arm’s length of space Public transportation
European Northern Europe
Similar to the U.S. Non-contact Casual distance: 16”
Great Britain Germany Scandinavia
European Southern Europe
Contact cultures Touch is common Closer casual distance
Spain France Italy Greece and Turkey
Russia India No touching
unless family 3 feet apart when
talking Men hold hands No PDA Cupping faces
References (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2013, from YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hip870_tJMw Proxemics: The Hula Hoop and Use of Personal Space. (2000). Communication
Teacher, 4. Greetings From Around the World. (2009). Retrieved February 15, 2013, from
Let's Get Creative: http://www.brucevanpatter.com/world_greetings.html Brown, J. (n.d.). Five Reasons You Should Start Using the Forearm Handshake.
Retrieved February 17, 2013, from Primer: http://www.primermagazine.com/2010/field-manual/forearm-handshake
Dolphin, C. Z. (1988). Beyond Hall: Variables in the Use of Personal Space in Intercultural Transactions. The Howard Journal of Communications, 23-35.
Lucy. (2010, July 14). Kiss, hug or shake hands? Retrieved February 15, 2013, from Pocket Cultures: http://pocketcultures.com/2010/07/14/kiss-hug-or-shake-hands/
Proxemics. (n.d.). Retrieved February 15, 2013, from Weebly: http://proxemics.weebly.com/proxemics-and-culture.html