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PRRS Control Practitioner’s View John Hayden BVSc MRCVS Integra Veterinary Services

PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

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Page 1: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

PRRS ControlPractitioner’s View

John Hayden BVSc MRCVSIntegra Veterinary Services

Page 2: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

PRRS diagnoses – trend and seasonality(data for Q3 and 2015 incomplete)

Page 3: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses

PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma hyorhinis)

Bacteria Haemophilus parasuis predominant Pasteurella multocida mainly secondary APP declining Bordetella bronchiseptica, Trueperella pyogenes Streptococcus suis common concurrent disease

Parasitic pneumonia

Page 4: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Disease detection:Diagnoses concurrent with PRRS in 2014:

Syndrome Diagnosis NumberPRRS (total) 49

Systemic(13)

Streptococcus suis 13

PCVAD 0

Respiratory(27)

Past. multocida 17

Haemophilus parasuis 5

Swine influenza 0

Mycoplasma 3

APP 2

Enteric(10)

Salmonellosis 7

Gastric ulceration 1

E.coli 2

Other(9)

Trueper. pyogenes 5

Unusual other 4

Page 5: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Cost of PRRS

•£70 per sow per year•£3.50 per finisher pigXavier de Paz PRRS cost for the European swine industry. https://www.pig333.com/what_the_experts_say/prrs‐cost‐for‐the‐european‐swine‐industry_10069/

Page 6: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Where were we?

•Pre‐2001 – Sows herds experienced regular waves of infertility, abortions, low viable pigs.

•2001 – Porcilis PRRS – off licence use in breeding herds started to stabilise immunity across the herd

•Used once per cycle – 7‐10 days after farrowing to start with

•Then mid‐pregnancy – 6‐10 weeks in‐pig.

Page 7: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Stability and Control

• Use of Porcilis PRRS in most herds once per cycle• Porcilis PRRS in boars 6‐monthly• Negative repops to ‘insure’ against breakdown• Introduction of only negative stock and then vaccinate on entry• Closed herds – testing of gilts at 15 weeks, before vaccinating to monitor• Production of virus negative pigs• Rearing and finishing negative• Ability in some instances to eradicate PRRS altogether• Good times

Page 8: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Then what?

•2006 – first East Anglian reports of novel strains – later found to be different on the dendrogramfrom the original Lelystad and Porcilis PRRS viruses

Page 9: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Then what?

•2006 – first East Anglian reports of novel strains – later found to be different on the dendrogramfrom the original Lelystad and Porcilis PRRS viruses

•PRRS symptoms despite vaccination.•Breakdowns in ‘negative’ but vaccinated sow herds detected in off‐site finishing

Page 10: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Diversity in Britain over time (ORF5-based):

1990s

Page 11: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Diversity in Britain (over time):

2004-2005

Page 12: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Diversity in Britain (over time):

2006-2007

Page 13: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Diversity in Britain (over time):

2008-2009

Page 14: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Diversity in Britain (over time):

2010-2011

Page 15: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Diversity in Britain (over time):

2012-2013

Page 16: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Diversity in Britain (over time):

2014-2015

Page 17: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Where are we now?

•Despite heavy use of vaccine – sometimes up to 4 x before a maiden gilt farrows and twice a cycle for sows we have some herds testing strongly PRRS positive on PCR.

•Some herds have stopped using vaccine altogether and the problem has ‘burnt out’ (VLA meeting, Feb 2015)

•Other vaccines – dead and alive are ‐ available but I have not tried them

Page 18: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Is it all about vaccines?

Page 19: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Monitoring•Bloods – 12 unvaccinated pigs, every 3 months•Rope tests – PCR / antibodies

Page 20: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

New tools

•ReproCyc PRRS EU – 2ml for sows

•PRRS Flex EU – 1ml for piglets / growers

•Unistrain PRRS

Page 21: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Whole herd PRRS elimination 

Page 22: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Experiences since August 2015

• ReproCyc PRRS EU – used as a blitz to stabilise the herd by vaccinating ALL boars, sows, gilts and weaner gilts over 30kg

• Day 0, Day 21 and then every 15 weeks• All stages of pregnancy / lactation• Virus has nowhere to hide• Reduced transplacental transfer – so aim is no viraemic pigs are born

Page 23: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Herds ‐ done

•Gilts at all stages of pregnancy•Sows at all stages of pregnancy•Some returns after first dose, but within 2 days of the injection – so in theory too soon to be due to the vaccine

•Second dose – no observed problems•2 full herds done in November

Page 24: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Planned•3rd dose after 15 weeks•Full herd 2nd doses in December

Page 25: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Spreadsheet to calculate vaccination dates etc

PRRS Programme ‐ to produce PRRS‐free weaners15‐Oct‐15

Vaccinate all weaned pigs at weaning with PRRS Flex EU : 15‐Oct‐15 26‐Nov‐15 10‐Mar‐16 21‐Apr‐16Vaccinate all sows, boars, gilts on site with ReproCyc PRRS EU : 26‐Nov‐15 17‐Dec‐15 31‐Mar‐16 14‐Jul‐1630 weaned pig blood tests # 28‐Jan‐16 10‐Mar‐16 21‐Apr‐16 02‐Jun‐16 14‐Jul‐16If weaned pig bloods are negative stop vaccination of weaners 04‐Aug‐16 15‐Sep‐16Weaners monitored ##

ALL INCOMING GILTS & BOARS ReproCyc PRRS EU on entry# Ear swabs to SAC for PCR PRRS before PRRS vaccination## 6 bloods for PCR and ELISA from each batch on site

Page 26: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

New monitoring ideas

•PCRs done at SAC Edinburgh from:•Drop of blood on a swab / cotton bud from ear‐prick

•Possibly tail stump blood drops on a cotton bud•Possibly tails removed at docking

Page 27: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma
Page 28: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Aim 1

•Production of PRRS negative weaned pigs

Page 29: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Aim 2

•PRRS negative rearing and finishing pigs

Page 30: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Aim 3

•Think about regional eliminations

Page 31: PRRS Control Practitioner’s View - AHDB Pork · Main PRDC pathogens in GB Viruses PRRS and swine flu predominant PCV2 associated disease lower level Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mycoplasma

Acknowledgements

• Susanna Williamson (APHA  Bury St Edmunds)• Jean‐Pierre Frossard (APHA  Weybridge)• PH Rathkjen (Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health)