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Australian Government───────────────────────────────Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office
Prudent Security Practices for Low Sensitivity Nuclear
Material
Australian Safeguards and Non‐Proliferation Office (ASNO)
Australasian Radiation Protection Society (ARPS) conference, Cairns
13-16 October 2013
Stephan BayerDirector, Nuclear Security
Section
Michael EastSafeguards Officer,
Nuclear Security Section
Craig EvertonDirector, IAEA Safeguards
Section
SNO – Nuclear Safeguards and Security Regulation
ational authority responsible for the administration of e Nuclear Non‐Proliferation (Safeguards) Act 1987, cluding permits for possession & transport of nuclear aterialCovers safeguards (i.e. nuclear accountancy) & physical protection (i.e. security)DG ASNO responsible to Minister for Foreign Affairs
xport permits issued by Department of Industry ormerly DRET)SNO’s mandate covers nuclear materials (U, Th, Pu), not eneral radiological materials
ustralia’s Treaty Obligations wrtControlling Nuclear Material
uclear Non‐Proliferation Treaty (NPT)Accept IAEA safeguards on all nuclear material
EA Comprehensive Safeguards Agreementmust ensure no nuclear material diverted from permitted useNational system of accountancy & control of nuclear materialReport all nuclear inventory and transactions to IAEA and allow IAEA inspections
ternational Convention on the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear TerrorismSome reporting on nuclear material not covered in Safeguards Agreement
nvention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) + mended CPPNM (not yet in force)
ensure that nuclear material within Australia, or during international transport, or in vessel under Australia’s jurisdiction, is protected
NSC Resolution 1540“all States shall take and enforce effective measures to establish domestic controls to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons … including by establishing appropriate controls over related materials
hers: e.g. SPNFZ, Additional Protocol, bilateral safeguards agmts, etc
ASNO’s Permit Systemnder the Nuclear Non‐Proliferation (Safeguards) Act ermits are issued for the following:Nuclear material
s13 – permit for possession of nuclear material (PN permit)s16 – special permit for transport of nuclear material (TN permit)
Associated Itemss13 – permit for possession of nuclear‐related material, equipment and technology (PA permit)
ommunication of sensitive nuclear technology informations18 – authority to communicate information (CI authority)
Nuclear facility construction and decommissionings16A – permit to establish a nuclear facility (EF permit)s16B – permit to decommission a nuclear facility (DF permit)
ategories of Nuclear Material in CPPNM and INFCIRC/225
risation of different types of nuclearl as basis for graded approach forion against unauthorised removal ofl that could be used in a nuclearve device:egory I: Pu & HEUegory II: Pu & LEU enriched 10-20%egory III: LEU enriched < 10%U (incl UOC), Th, DU – less thanegory III: …should be protected at least in ccordance with prudent management ractices”
INFCIRC/225/Rev.5
hysical Protection Categories –Relevance to Australia
ategory 1– No longer relevant in Australia, as:
• total HEU inventory ~3 kg, and• total plutonium inventory ~1.5 kg
ategory 2– OPAL Reactorategory 3– Nuclear material stores– 99Mo production– R&D Labs at ANSTO
Cat 3 nuclear material held by small permit holders
elow Category 3– Throughput of 1000s tonnes of UOC– Australia small permit holders:
• <10g Pu, ~120kg nat U, ~15t DU, very small quantities of LEU
uclear Material Categorisation –Security Measures Required
ategory 1 – Cat 2 & 3 measures plus:Material stored under four layers of protectionTwo‐person rule for handling of materialArmed on‐site response forcesForce‐on‐force security exercises
ategory 2 – Cat 3 measures plus:Material stored under two layers of protectionSecurity PlanDetection, Delay and Response
ategory 3Material stored in controlled areaDaily verify presence of material Material handling proceduresss than Cat 3“Prudent Management Practice”
Nuclear Security – scope of presentation
t of presentation will cover security uirements for holders of PN permits for all quantities of nuclear material so will not sider robust requirements that apply to, , nuclear facilities, U mines.
Transport Securitycial Transport Permit (TN permits) for nuclear erial not required for:<1000kg DU or Th<500kg Nat U<1g 239Pu, 235U, 233Uulatory exemptions mean that for most nuclear erial held under PN permits for small quantities, erial can be transported to other PN permit ders by companies without a TN permit.wever, most permits for possession of small ntities (PN permits) authorise transport to the mit’s possession limits “anywhere in Australia”
So, what does “Prudent Management Practice” mean?NFCIRC/225 (NSS‐13) defines as– “…should be secured against unauthorised removal and
unauthorised access” (para 4.12)SNO permits specify– maintaining adequate levels of appropriately qualified staff to
ensure systems of physical protection and security are fully implemented and operational;
– restricting access to nuclear material to persons who need to access such material;
– securing material on the inventory in a lockable room or container;
– maintaining documentary records associated with the above conditions; and
– advising DG ASNO where a loss of control of the nuclear material has occurred
Accountancy Requirementsep an inventory listing up‐to‐date;intain organisational arrangements enabling Permit Holder to determine the location of
y material on inventory in less than 2 hours;duct a Physical Inventory Taking ocktaking) in June each year of nuclear terial inventory;ect any loss of control of nuclear material; dain records for a period of 5 years
Interface between Security and Accountancy
en material in use, security and accountancy ve particular complementarityysical inventory takingrovides confirmation of material at certain datemergency inventory if theft suspectedherefore good, and up to date records aid nvestigations
Prudent security measures for mall quantities – key messagess, keys, access restrictionsften no more than what is in lace for securing other assetsrm ASNO of loss of control ountancy and control in storage in use – know where your erial is used and storedO satisfaction with security ngements required – as well as r regulatorsgrity of security system
ASNO: uclear Security Points of Contact
NO general contact:2 6261 1920ac‐[email protected]
www.dfat.gov.au/asno
NO nuclear security contactDr Stephan Bayer, Director Nuclear Security Section