PS 111, Professional Studies

The Maritime Industry

The Maritime Industry IS …

the prototypical international business,

the hub of an inter-modal, global transportation network,

a highly technological enterprise,the application of atmospheric

and ocean sciences,national defense and security

The Maritime Industry IS … International Business Defined in terms of moving goods across

borders -- it is inherently global Over 95% of all U.S. import & export

tonnage is moved by ship Requires contracting, financing &

marketing in an international environment, and a knowledge of … Economics & Labor Relations International & Admiralty Law International Relations & Trade Policy

The Maritime Industry IS … Inter-modal Transportation Coordination with air, rail, & truck

transportation essential Short-term warehousing & “just-in-

time” inventory functions require knowledge of … Management & Logistics Marketing & Labor Relations

Port Security integral to Terminal Operations

The Maritime Industry IS … Engineering & Technology

Energy conversion systems for propulsion Power plant instrumentation, automation &

control Ship design, construction & repair Voice, data & navigation communications

systems Pollution monitoring, abatement &

recovery technology Off-shore platform design & construction

The Maritime Industry IS … Atmospheric & Ocean Science Weather forecasting &

vessel routing Ocean resources –

biological & mineral Renewable energy

sources Fundamental Research in

a variety of areas Climatology Marine Biology Geology Ecology

The Maritime Industry IS … National Defense & Security

Sea-lift capacity Underway replenishment (UNREP) Pre-positioned logistical support Maritime surveillance Naval Engineering

Combatant vessel design Sea-based weapons systems

Port security Transportation Workers Security Credentials

(TWIC) Vessel & cargo inspection

Maritime Industry

The Maritime Industry IS …

Import-export practice

Energy conversion & power plant operation

Poodle training

Military supply lines

Weather forcasting & routing

Cargo handling

technologies

Trade policy & international

relations

Automation & control systems Pollution monitoring

& abatement

Communications: Voice, Data & Navigation

Logistics & terminal operations SHIPPING

A little Maritime Industry history Early 19th century (1800-1860) Congress grants reduced tariffs for

goods imported on U.S. ships (1795) Interstate commerce predominately by

water “Cabotage” legislation (1817) restricts

domestic shipping to U.S. vessels Erie Canal makes NYC port of entry for

interior America By 1840’s, U.S. challenging England for

domination of world maritime trade

A little Maritime Industry history Late 19th century (1860-1900) Civil War decimates U.S. commercial shipping

By 1870’s, less than 30% of imports in U.S. ships NYS legislature authorizes NYC to establish a

“Nautical School” (1873) & Congress supplies US Navy vessel, St. Marys (1874)

Transcontinental railroad competes with “round the Horn” Clipper Ships in inter-coastal trade

Iron- (later, steel-) hulled, steam vessels begin to replace wooden sailing ships

Spanish-American War renews pride in American seamanship & regenerates U.S. maritime industry

A little Maritime Industry history Early 20th century (1900-1945) Great White Fleet – US Battle Fleet circumnavigates the

globe issuing in “The American Century”

Panama Canal – Intercoastal shipping competes with

railroads, East coast/Far East & ‘round-the-world trade increases

World War I – 122 Hog Islanders built, become the backbone of inter-war merchant fleet

Jones Act – U.S. Cabotage Laws reaffirmed

World War II Enormous sea-lift capacity constructed

(Liberties, Victories, T-2 tankers) U.S. Navy supremacy established

A little Maritime Industry history Late 20th century (post WW II) Liberties, Victories, & T2’s surplused world-wide as

backbone of post-war merchant fleets … eventually replaced by much larger, faster vessels Pipelines & interstate highway system compete in

domestic trade, while … airlines dominate international passenger trade Energy costs dictate ship design

Slow speed, heavy fuel burning diesel propulsion dominates commercial shipping

Nuclear & Gas Turbine propulsion become military standard

Off-shore industries emerge

A little Maritime Industry history Late 20th century … Development of

containerization & inter-modal concepts

International trade expands (in tonnage) with fewer, ultra large carriers

International regulation in operations, business practice, & environmental protection

Globalization in ownership European & Pacific Rim ship construction & repair “Flags of Convenience”

Impact of advanced communication technologies