Vol. 29 Issue 13 Fortnightly March 1, 2018 Page 24 ` 10PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission

SINCE 1985

website: www.keralapsc.gov.in E-mail: kpscbulletin@gmail.com Circulation : 0471-2546270

tIcf- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- I-Ωn-j-s‚- H-cp-h¿-j-°m-ew- \o-≠p- \n-∂- h-P-Pq-_n-en- B-tLm-j-ß-fp-sS- k-am-]-\- k-tΩ-f-\w- 2018 s^-_p-h-cn- 26\v- ssh-Ip-t∂-cw- 3.-30 \v- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- B-ÿm-\-Øv- tI-c-f- K-h¿-W¿- P-Ãn-kv- (dn-´.-)- ]n.- k-Zm-in-hw- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- h-P-Pq-_n-en- Im-e-b-f-hn¬- B-tLm-j-߃-°p-]-cn-bm-bn- ]-h¿-Ø-\-߃-°v- ap-≥Xq-°w- \¬-In-s°m-≠v- e-£y-߃-]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ]-b-Xv-\n-®- sN-b¿-am-s\-bpw,- I-Ωn-j-s\-bpw- Po-h-\-°m-sc-bpw- A-t±-lw-A-`n-\-µn-®p.- \q-X-\- km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bp-sS- ]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS- dn-Iq-´v-sa-‚ v- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- Im-tem-Nn-X-am-°p-∂-Xn¬- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂- Pm-K-X- a-‰v- I-Ωn-j-\p-I-fn¬- \n-∂v- tIcf ]n.-F-kv.-kn.-sb- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-°p-∂p- F-∂v- A-t±-lw- A-`n-]m-b-s∏- p.- \o-Xn-]q¿-∆-am-bpw- \n-jv-]-£-am-bpw-]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- sN-b¿-am-\pw- I-Ωn-j-≥ Aw-K-߃-°pw- -c-W-L-S-\- D-d-∏p-\¬-Ip-∂- ]-cn-c-£-_-‘-s∏- - A-\p-t—-Z-߃- kq-Nn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- A-

hPPq_nen BtLmjßfpsS kam]\ ktΩf\w ]n.Fkv.kn. Bÿm\Øv Kh¿W¿ PÃnkv (dn´.) ]n. kZminhw DZvLmS\w sNøp∂p.]n.Fkv.kn. Aw-Kw ]n.- in-h-Zm-k-≥,- sN-b¿-am-≥ A-Uz.- Fw.-sI.- k-°o¿-,- [-\-Im-cy-a-¥n- tUm.- Sn.-Fw.- tXm-a-kv- sF-k-Iv- F∂n-h¿- kao-]w-

-h-P-Pq-_n-en- B-tLm-j-߃-°v-]u-V-Kw- o-c-am-b- ]-cn-k-am-]v-Xn-

t±-lw- ]-cm-a¿-in-®p.- [-\-Im-cy-a-¥n- tUm.- Sn.-Fw.-tXm-a-kv- sF-k-Iv- N-S-ßn¬- A-[y-£-X- h-ln-®p.-bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n,- F-bn-U-Uv- kv-Iqƒ- \n-b-a-\-߃- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- h-gn-bm-I-W-sa-∂- s]m-Xp-P-\- Xm¬-]-cyw- A-dp-]-Xv- h¿-j-am-bn- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-Ø- hn-izm-ky-X-bv-°p-≈- Aw-Ko-Im-c-am-sW-∂v- A-t±-lw- A-`n-]m-b-s∏-´p.- h-P-Pq-_n-en- Im-e-b-f-hn¬- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- ]q¿-Øo-

I-cn-®- e-£y-߃- hn-h-cn-°p-∂- h-P-Pq-_n-en-]-h¿-Ø-\- tc-J- K-h¿-W¿- ]-Im-i-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- sN-b¿-am-≥ A-Uz.- Fw.-sI.- k-°o¿- K-h¿-W¿-°pw- [-\-Im-cy-a-¥n-°pw- I-Ωn-j-s‚- D-]-lm-c-߃- k-a¿-∏n-®p.- I-Ωn-j-≥ Aw-Kw- ]n.- in-h-Zm-k-≥ kzm-K-Xw- B-iw-kn-°p-I-bpw- sk-I-´ -dn - km-Pp - tPm¿-÷v- Ir-X-⁄-X- A¿-∏n -°pIbpw sNbvXp.

tkh\w (k¿hokv)/]hrØn ]cnNbw (FIvkv]ocnb≥kv) Bhiyap≈

XkvXnIIƒ°v At]£n°ptºmƒ tkh\w/ ]hrØn ]cnNbw kw_‘n®

hniZmwiw (AXmbXv k¿´n^n°‰v \º¿, XobXn, XkvXnIbpsS t]cv, Imebfhv,

\¬Inb A[nImcn, ÿm]\Øns‚ t]cv F∂nh) tcJs∏SpØpIbpw AtXmsSm∏w

]cnNb/k¿hokv k¿´n^n°‰ns‚ kvIm≥Uv CtaPv A]vtemUv sNøpIbpw sNbvXm¬

amXta 1.03.2018 apXep≈ hn⁄m]\߃°v At]£ ka¿∏n°phm≥ IgnbpIbp≈q.

Adnbn∏v

2 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

hm¿-jn-I hcnkwJy ˛ $ 200

aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn Abt°≠ hnemkw:

]ªn-Iv- dn-tej≥-kv- Hm-^o-k¿,-

tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- IΩnj≥,-

]´w- ]m-ekv- ]n.-H., Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-˛695004

h-cn-°m¿- _p-≈-‰n-≥ kw-_-‘n-®v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw-t^m- - sN-øp-tºm-gpw- _p-≈-‰n-\n-s‚- te-_-en-ep-≈ k-_v-kv-ssI-_¿- \-º¿- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

Pn-√m-X-e- tkm¿-´n-Mn-\m-bn- h-cn-°m¿- hn-em-k-Øn¬- Pn-√-bp-sS- t]-cpw- ]n-≥tIm-Upw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.-

h-cn-kw-Jy- Hm¨-sse\m-bpw- hn-hn-[- ]n-F-kv-kn- Hm-^o-kp-I-fn¬- t\-cn- pw- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- Un-.-Un,- sN°,v-t]m-kv-‰¬- Hm¿-U¿- kzo-Im-cy-a√.-

hcn°mcpsS i≤bv°v

]Xm[n]kanXn sNb¿-t]gv -k¨-

io-aXn.- B¿- ]m¿-hXn--tZhn-

saw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

]Xm[n]kanXn Aw-K߃-

tUm.- ]n-.- kp-tcjv-Ip-am¿--

saw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

tUm.- Pn-\p- k°dn-b DΩ≥-

saw-_¿, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

AUz.- cLp-\m-Y≥-.- Fw.- sI.-

saw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

tUm.- sI.- ]n.- kPn-em¬-

saw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

Sn- B¿- A\n¬-Ip-am¿--

saw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

FUn-‰¿

km-Pp -tPm¿-Pv-

skI´dn-,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn-j≥ -

]ªnIv dntej≥kv Hm^ok¿

_n-.- PbIp-am¿-

t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2546270

Bÿm\ Hm^okv F≥Iz-b-dnP\-d¬ F≥Iz-b-dn 0471 2546400,0471 2546401(]h¿Ø\ kabw cmhnse 8 apX¬ sshIp-t∂cw 6 aWn-h-sc).

tImƒ sk‚¿tImƒ sk‚¿: 0471 2444428, 0471 2444438,04712555538 (]h¿Ø\ kabw cmhnse 10.15 apX¬sshIp-t∂cw 5.15 aWn-h-sc).

taJem Hm- o-kp-IƒsIm√w: 0474 2745674, F-d-Wm-Ipfw: 0484 2317435,tImgn-t°mSv: 0495 2371500

Pn√m Hm- o-kp-IƒXncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-: 0471 2448188/ 0471 2546402,sIm√w: 0474 2743624, ]Ø-\w-Xn´: 0468- 2222665,-B-e∏pg: 0477 2264134, tIm´bw: 0481 2578278,-C-Sp°n: 04868 272359,- F-d-Wm-Ipfw: 0484 2314500,Xr»q¿: 0487 2327505, ]me-°mSv: 0491 2505398,ae-∏pdw: 0483 2734308, tImgn-t°mSv: 0495 2371971,hb-\mSv: 04936 202539, IÆq¿: 0497 2700482,Imk¿tKmU:v 04994 230102

]nF-kv-kn Adn-bn-∏v-

2018 s^_phcn 19 \v tN¿∂IΩn-j≥ tbmK Xocp-am-\-߃

Npcp°∏´nI ]kn≤oIcn°pw1. Btcm-Ky- h-Ip-∏n¬- U-b-‰o-jy-≥ tK-Uv-˛-2 (Im-‰-K-dn- \-º¿-

83/-2017)-2.- -l-b¿- sk-°-≥U-dn- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬- l-b¿- sk-°-

≥U-dn- kv-Iqƒ- So-®¿- ˛- tPym-K-^n- ˛- (336/-2017)-4.- -shm-t°-j-W¬- l-b¿- sk-°-≥U-dn- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬-

shm-t°-j-W¬- So-®¿- C-≥ Hm-^o-kv- sk-I-´-dn-jn-∏v- (205/-2013).-

5.- -sa-Un-°¬- hn-Zym- ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬- ko-\n-b¿- e-Iv-N-d¿- C-≥ P-\n-t‰m- bq-dn-\-dn- k¿-P-≥ (bq-tdm-f-Pn-)- H-∂mw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- F-kv.-kn.- (288/-2017),- ko-\n-b¿- e-Iv-N-d¿- C-≥ td-Un-tbm- sX-dm-∏n- H-∂mw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- - [o-h-c- (155/-2017)-

6.- -lm¿-_¿- F-©n-\o-b-dn-Mv- h-Ip-∏n¬- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- F-©n-\o-b¿- (kn-hn¬-)- ˛- 218/-2017

7.- -t^m-d-Ãv- sU-h-e-]v-sa-‚ v- tIm¿-∏-td-j-\n¬- am-t\-P¿- (438/-2016),- am-t\-P¿- (aq-∂mw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- ˛- F-kv.-kn.- (492/-2016)-

8.- -B-tKm- C-≥U-kv-So-kv- sU-h-e-]v-sa-‚ v- tIm¿-∏-td-j-\n¬- A-°u-≠-‚ v- (650/-2014)-

9.- -X-t±-i- kz-bw-`-c-W- h-Ip-∏n¬- sse-t_-dn-b-≥ tK-Uv- (539/-2016)

km[yXm]´nI ]kn≤oIcn°pw1. dh\yq hIp∏n¬ hnt√Pv ^o¬Uv Akn v (123/2017)2. IÆq¿ Pn√bn¬ C≥jpd≥kv saUn°¬ k¿hokkv

hIp∏n¬ πw_¿/ πw_¿ Iw Hm∏td‰¿ (122/2017)3. hnt\mZ k©mc hnIk\ tIm¿∏tdj\n¬ CeIvSojy≥

(110/2017)

dm¶v]´nI ]kn≤oIcn°pw1. UKvkv I¨tSmƒ hIp∏n¬ F¬.Un. sSIv\ojy≥ (106/

2017)

C‚¿hyq \SØpw1. tIm-tf-Pv- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬- e-Iv-N-d¿- C-≥ am-Ø-am-‰n-Iv-

kv- H-∂mw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- ˛- F-kv.-sF.-bp.-kn.- \m-Sm¿- (353/-2017).-

2.- -tÃ-‰v- πm-\n-Mv- t_m¿-Un¬- No- v- (A-Kn-Iƒ-®¿-)- - (189/-2017)-3.- -shm-t°-j-W¬- l-b¿- sk-°-≥U-dn- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬-

t\m-¨- shm-t°-j-W¬- So-®¿- ˛- Cw-•o-jv- (Pq-\n-b¿-)- ]-´n-I-h¿-§-°m¿-°p-≈- ]-tXy-I- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v-(36/-2017),- P-\¬-^u-t≠-j-≥ tIm-gv-kv- ˛- ]-´n-I- h¿-§-°m¿-°p-≈- ]-tXy-I-sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- (131/-2017)-

3.- -Ir-jn- h-Ip-∏n¬- Ir-jn- Hm-^o-k¿- ]-´n-I- h¿-§-°m¿-°p-≈-]-tXy-I- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v-(126/-2017)-

4.- -ar-K-kw-c-£-W- h-Ip-∏n¬- sh-‰-dn-\-dn- k¿-P-≥ tK-Uv- -2 - ]- n-I-h¿-§-°m¿-°p-≈- ]-tXy-I- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- (283/-2017)-

5.- -lm-≥sS-Iv-kn¬- tem-h¿- Un-hn-j-≥ ¢¿-°v- (skm-ssk-‰n- Im-‰-K-dn-)- F-≥.-kn.-F.- F-kv.-kn.- (207/-2017),- ap-…nw- (297/-2017).-

6.- -I-Æq¿- Pn-√-bn¬- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬- ^pƒ-ssSw- Pq-\n-b¿- emw-tKz-Pv- So-®¿- A-d-_n-Iv- (F¬.-]n.-F-kv.-)- - c-≠mw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- (Cu-g-h-)- ˛- 396/-2016

7.- -Pn-√m- tIm- -Hm-∏-td-‰n-hv- _m-¶n¬- ¢¿-°v-/-Im-jy¿- - ]m¿- v- 2 -c-≠mw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- Cu-g-h- -a-e-∏p-dw-(314/-2017),- ap-…nw- - B-e-∏p-g,- h-b-\m-Sv- (315/-2017),- hn-iz-I¿-Ω- - C-Sp-°n,- ae∏pdw (318/2017), lnµp \mSm¿˛Xriq¿ (321/2017)

Hm¨sse≥ ]co£ \SØpw1. saUn°¬ hnZym`ymk hIp∏n¬ Akn v s]m^k¿

C≥ sskIymSn ˛ H∂mw F≥.kn.F. ˛ H._n.kn. (422/2017)

2. kmt¶XnI hnZym`ymk hIp∏n¬ slUv Hm^v sk£≥(Iºyq´¿ F©n\obdnMv) F≥.kn.F. ap…nw (253/2016)

3. Xpdap-J- h-Ip-∏n¬- t\-h¬- B¿-°n-sS-Iv-‰v- (10/-2016)-4.- -sa-Un-°¬- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬- Hm-^v-Xm¬-an-Iv- A-kn-Ã-

‚ v- ˛- ]-´n-I-Pm-Xn-/-]-´n-I- h¿-K-°m¿-°p-≈- ]-tXy-I- \n-b-a-\w- (537/-2017)-

5.- -shm-t°-j-W¬- l-b¿- sk-°-≥U-dn- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬-e-t_m-d-´-dn- sS-Iv-\n-°¬- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- C-≥ A-Kn-Iƒ-®¿- (\-gv-k-dn- am-t\-Pv-sa-‚ v- B-‚ v- Hm¿-W-sa-‚¬- Km¿-U-\n-Mv-)- ]-´n-I- h¿-§-°m¿-°p-≈- ]-tXy-I- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- ˛- 420/-2017

6.- -B-e-∏p-g- Pn-√-bn¬- B-tcm-Ky- h-Ip-∏n¬- m¿-a-kn-Ãv- tK-Uv-˛-2 - H-∂mw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- F-kv.-sF.-bp.-kn.- \m-Sm¿- (521/-2017)-

a‰pXocpam\߃1. ae∏pdw Pn√bn¬ hnZym`ymk hIp∏n¬ ]m¿ v ssSw Pq\nb¿

emwtKzPv So®¿ (D¿Zp) F¬.kn. (487/17), Fkv.sF.bp.kn.\mSm¿ (488/2017), lnµp \mSm¿ (489/2017) c≠v F≥.kn.F.hn⁄m]\߃°ptijhpw tbmKycmbDtZymKm¿∞nIsf e`n°mØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬- ]-kv-Xp-X-H-gn-hv- am-Xr- dm-¶v- ]-´n-I-bn-se- A¿-l-cm-b- A-Sp-Ø- k-h-c-W-hn-`m-K-Øn-\v- N-´-]-Im-cw- \¬-In- \n-I-Øpw.-

2.- -km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zym- ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬- tS-Uv-kv-am-≥ (B-t´m-sam-

ss_¬-/-lo-‰v- F-©n-≥)- X-kv-Xn-I-bv-°v- \n-e-hn-ep-≈- sdm-t´-j-≥ Xp-S-cpw.-

3.- -dn-en-¶zn-jv-sa-‚n-\p-≈- A-t]-£,- k-Ω-X-]-Xw- F-∂n-h-H.-Sn.-B¿.- s]m-ss^¬- h-gn- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚- km-[y-X- ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-≥ _-‘-s∏- - hn- m-K-ß-sf- Np-a-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.-

4.- -\n-b-a-\-in-]m¿-i- (A-ssUz-kv- sa-tΩm-)- A-b-®- ti-jw-]-kv-Xp-X- hn-h-cw- F-kv.-Fw.-F-kv.- /- s]m-ss^¬- sa-t -Pv- h-gn- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-sf- A-dn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚- km-[y-X- ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-≥ _-‘-s∏-´- hn-`m-K-ß-sf- Np-a-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.-

5.- -tI-c-f- Im¿-jn-I- Km-a- hn-I-k-\- _m-¶v- k-a¿-∏n-®- I-c-Sv-hn-ti-jm¬- N- -Øn-\p-ta-ep-≈- D-]-k-an-Xn- \n¿-t±-i-߃-Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.-

6.- -tI-c-f- tem-Im-bp-‡-bn-se- tIm-¨-^n-U-≥jy¬- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- tK-Uv-˛-2,- ssS-∏n-Ãv- tK-Uv-˛-2 F-∂o- X-kv-Xn-I-I-fn-se- H-gn-hp-Iƒ- \n-e-hn-se- hn-hn-[- h-Ip-∏p-I-fn-se- kn.-F.-tK-Uv-˛-2 dm-¶v- en-Ãp-Iƒ,- sk-I-t´-dn-b-‰v,- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.-F-∂n-h-bn-se- I-ºyq-´¿- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- X-kv-Xn-I-bp-sS- dm-¶v- en-Ãv- F-∂n-h-bn¬- \n-∂pw- bm-Ym-I-aw- \n-I-Øpw.-

7.- -sa-Un-°¬- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n-\p- Io-gn¬- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,- B-e-∏p-g,- tIm-´-bw,- Xr-»q¿,- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- F-∂o-sa-Un-°¬- tIm-tf-Pp-I-fn¬- td-Un-tbm- sX-dm-∏n- hn-Mv-k-÷o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚- m-K-am-bpw- Hm-t¶m-f-Pn- hn-Mv- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xn-\pw- A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏- - A-kn-Ã-‚ v- s]m- -k¿,-A-tkm-kn-tb-‰v- s]m-^-k¿,- \-gv-kv- tK-Uv-˛-2 Xp-S-ßn-b-X-kv-Xn-I-I-fp-sS- \n-b-a-\-Øn-\m-bp-≈- F-Iv-kn-°p- o-hv- D-Ø-c-hv- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- k¿-°m¿- k-a¿-∏n-®-I-c-Sv- \n¿-t±-i-Øn-≥ta-ep-≈- D-]-k-an-Xn- Xo-cp-am-\w- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.-

8.- -F-Iv-ssk-kv- h-Ip-∏n¬- kn-hn¬- F-Iv-ssk-kv- Hm- o-k¿,-hn-a-¨- kn-hn¬- F-Iv-ssk-kv- Hm-^o-k¿- F-∂o- X-kv-Xn-I-I-fp-sS- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n-\m-bn- \-S-Øp-∂- F-≥Uyp-d-≥kv-sS-Ãn¬- 2.-5 In-tem-ao-‰¿- Zq-cw- ]p-cp-j-≥am¿- 13 an-\n-‰n-epw- h-\n-X-Iƒ- 15 an-\n-‰n-epw- Hm-Sn-∏q¿-Øn-bm-°-W-sa-∂-]-cn-jv-I-c-W- \n¿-t±-iw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.-

9.- -tI-c-f- B¿-´n-km-≥kv- sU-h-e-]v-sa-‚ v- tIm¿-∏-td-j-\n¬-Hm¿-U-ss\-k¿- Iw- C-≥kv-s]-Iv-S¿- X-kv-Xn-I- i-º-f- ]-cn-jv-I-c-W- D-Ø-c-hn¬- \n¿-Ø-em-°n-b- km-l-N-cy-Øn¬-Im-‰-K-dn- \-º¿- 292/-2012 ]-Im-cw- Sn- X-kv-Xn-I-bn-te-°v-]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®- hn-⁄m-]-\w- d-±v- sN-øpw.-

10.- -sI.-Pn.-Sn.-C.- ssS-∏v-ssd-‰n-Mv- l-b¿,- I-ºyq- ¿- th¿-Uv- t]m-k-kn-Mv- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- Xp-ey-am-bn- hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-kn.-bp-sS-bpw- a-‰-t\-Iw- ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- hn-hn-[- tIm-gv-kp-Iƒ- \-S-Øn- h-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬- Hm-tcm-∂n-\pw- ]-tXy-I-am-bn- Xp-ey-Xm- k¿-´n-^n-°-‰v- \¬-Ip-∂-Xn-\p- ]-I-cw- G-sX-¶n-epw- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Aw-Ko-Ir-X- ÿm-]-\w- H-cp- G-Io-Ir-X- tIm-gv-kv- \-S-Øn- H-‰- k¿-´n-^n-°-‰v- \¬-Ip-∂-Xn-s‚- km-[p-X- ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-≥ k¿-°m-cn-t\m-Sv- B-h-iy-s∏-Spw.-

2018 s^_phcn 26 \v tN¿∂IΩn-j≥ tbmK Xocp-am-\-߃

Npcp°∏´nI ]kn≤oIcn°pw1. tkmbn¬ k¿th B‚ v tkmbn¬ I¨k¿thj≥

hIp∏n¬ Akn v F©n\ob¬ (tkmbn¬I¨k¿thj≥) Im‰Kdn \º¿ 72/2015.

km[yXm]´nI ]kn≤oIcn°pw1. tIcf tÉv ^nenw sUhe]vsa‚ v tIm¿∏tdj\n¬

tÃm¿ Io∏¿ (05/2017)

dm¶v]´nI ]kn≤oIcn°pw1. UKvkv I¨tSmƒ hIp∏n¬ F¬.Un. sSIv\ojy≥

(106/2017)

C‚¿hyq \SØpw1. hm´¿ AtXmdn‰nbn¬ F¬.Un. ssS∏nÃv (XkvXnIam‰w

hgn) ˛ 381/2017

Hm¨sse≥ ]co£ \SØpw1. BtcmKy hIp∏n¬ Akn v k¿P≥/Imjzmen‰n

saUn°¬ Hm^ok¿ (c≠mw F≥.kn.F. ˛ lnµp\mSm¿) ˛ 423/2017

2. s]mXpacmaØv (B¿°nsSIvNd¬ hnMv) hIp∏n¬B¿°nsSIvNd¬ Akn v (360/2017)

a‰pXocpam\߃1. C°tWmanIvkv B‚ v Ãm‰nÃnIvkv hIp∏nse

hntijm¬ N´ßƒ kw_‘n® D]kanXn ip]m¿iAwKoIcn®p.

2. Smh≥Iq¿ sIm®n≥ sIan°¬kv enan‰Un¬ Km¿Uv(c≠mw F≥.kn.F.˛ Fkv.kn.) XkvXnIbv°v (479/2014) imcocnI AfshSp∏v \SØpw.

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 3

1851GXv h¿j-amWv sshIp-WvT-kzman

A¥-cn-®Xv

sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬- tZ-t_-µ-\m-Yv- Sm-

tKm¿- _n-´o-jv- C-¥y-≥ A-tkm-kn-tb-

j-≥ ÿm-]n-®- h¿-jw-

Pntbm-f-Pn-°¬ k¿t∆ Hm^v C¥y

ÿm]nXamb h¿jw

1852_“m-\µ inh-tbmKn P\n® h¿jw

t_mw-s_- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-≥ ÿm-]n-

X-am-b- h¿-jw-

1853C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-sØ- sS-bn-≥ k¿-∆o-

kv- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- A-Sn-a-Iƒ-°v- tam-N-

\w- \¬-In-b- h¿-jw-

®N´ºn kzmanIƒ P\n® h¿jw

Qm≥knsb ZØ-h-Imi \ntcm-[\

\nb-a-]-Imcw _n´ojv C¥y-tbmSv

tN¿Ø h¿jw

sIm¬°-Ø-sbbpw BK-sbbpw

_‘n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v BZy sSe-Km^v

sse≥ _n´ojv C¥ybn¬

\ne-hn¬ h∂ h¿jw

1854C-¥y-≥ hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚- am-·-Im¿-

´- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-°-s∏-´- hp-Uv-kv- sU-

kv-]m-®v- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´- h¿-jw-

C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-cp-Øn-Øp-Wn-

an¬- apw-ss_-bn¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-

jw-

C-∂v- m-c-X-Øn¬- \n-e-hn-ep-≈- t]m-ì-

kw-hn-[m-\w- \n-e-hn¬- h-∂- h¿-jw-

Inan-b≥ bp≤w Bcw-`n® h¿jw

sIm®n-bn¬ ASn-a-Iƒ°v kzmX¥yw

e`n® h¿jw

1855dnjvdbn¬ C¥ybnse BZy NW-an¬

ÿm]nXamb h¿jw

Bƒ-hm-dn-\pw- U¬-ln-°p-an-S-bn¬- s -

b-dn- Izo-≥ F-∂- sS-bn-≥ B-cw- n-®- h¿-

jw-

k¥mƒ Iem]w Bcw-`n® h¿jw

ae-_m¿ Ie-IvS-dm-bn-cp∂ sImt\men

h[n-°-s∏´ h¿jw

1856_me KwKm-[c Xne-I≥ P\n® h¿jw

U¬lukn ]`p -hns‚ ImeØv

hn[hm ]p\¿hn-hml \nbaw sIm≠p-

h∂ h¿jw

io\m-cm-bW Kpcp P\n® h¿jw

c≠mw Idp∏v bp≤w XpS-ßnb h¿jw

1857sIm¬°Ø k¿∆-I-em-ime Bcw- n®

h¿jw

Be-∏p-g-bn¬ BZy A©-em-∏okv

ÿm]nXamb h¿jw

_n´o-jp-Im¿s°-Xnsc aod-‰n¬ Bcw-

`n®v DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ hym]n® Iem]w

XpS-ßnb h¿jw

]co£Ifn¬ Bh¿Øn°p∂ h¿j߃ (1851˛1900)awKƒ ]mWvsUsb Xq°n-te-‰nb

h¿jw

tIc-f-Øn¬ BZysØ ImgvN _w•mhv

ÿm]n°s∏´ h¿jw

18581857 se Iem]w Ah-km-\n® h¿jw

_n´o-jn-¥y-bn¬ skI-´dn Hm^v

tÉv F∂ ]Zhn krjvSn-°-s∏´

h¿jw

C¥ybpsS cWw CuÃn¥ym Iº-\n-

bn¬\n∂v Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v hnIvtSm-

dnb alm-dmWn hnfw-_cw \S-Ønb

h¿jw

_n- o-jn-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- ssh-tkm-

bn- \n-b-an-X-am-b- h¿-jw-

Qm≥kn dmWn A¥-cn® h¿jw

1859tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ Ib¿ ^mIvS-

dn-bmb Umdmkv sabn¬ Be-∏p-g-bn¬

XpS-ßnb h¿jw

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ Nm∂m¿ Iem]w

Im\nMv ]`p ZØ-h-Imi \ntcm-[\

\nbaw ]n≥h-en® h¿jw

Xm¥nbm tXm∏n A¥-cn® h¿jw

1860tIm´-bØv kn Fw Fkv tImtfPv

Bcw-`n® h¿jw

_n´o-jv k¿°m¿ C≥UntKm IΩn-

js\ \nb-an® h¿jw

Bdm-´p-]pg them-bp-[-∏-Wn-°¿ I√n-

t»-cn-¬ IY-Ifn tbmKw ÿm]n®

h¿jw

_n´o-jn-¥y-bn¬ BZyambn _P‰v

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ h¿jw

1861Xn-cq-cn-\pw- t_-∏q-cn-\p-an-S-bv-°v- tI-c-f-

Øn-se- B-Zy- sd-bn¬-th- sse-≥ B-cw-

`n-®- h¿-jw-

c_n-µ-\mYv SmtKm¿ P\n® h¿jw

aZ≥ taml≥ amfhy P\n® h¿jw

Im-\n-Mv- ]-`p- C-¥y-bn¬- t]m¿-´v- t^m-

fn-tbm- (h-Ip-∏v-)- k-º-Zm-bw- sIm-≠p- h-

∂- h¿-jw-

Ata-cn-°-bn¬ B`y-¥-c-bp≤w XpS-

ßnb h¿jw

C¥y≥ in£m-\n-baw \S-∏n-em-°nb

h¿jw

1862sIm¬-°-Ø,- t_mw-s_,- a-Zm-kv- F-∂n-

hn-S-ß-fn¬- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bp-sS- ]-h¿-

Ø-\w- Xp-S-ßn-b- h¿-jw-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Zo-]-kv-Xw-`w-

B-e-∏p-g-bn¬- \n¿-Ωn-®- h¿-jw-

1863kzman hnth-Im-\-µ≥ P\n® h¿jw

Aø¶mfn P\n® h¿jw

tUm. ]¬]p P\n® h¿jw

Ata-cn-°-bn¬ ASn-aØw \ntcm-[n®

h¿jw

sdUv tImkv kvYm]n-°-s∏´ h¿jw

en¶-¨s‚ sK‰n-kvs_¿Kv ]kwKw

\S-Ønb h¿jw

1864jnw-e-sb- _n- o-jv- C-¥y-bp-sS- th-\¬-

°m-e- X-e-ÿm-\-am-°n-b- h¿-jw-

aZm-kn¬ thZ kamPw kvYm]n-Xamb

h¿jw

tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ P\-d¬ Bip-

]Xn Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv XpS-ßnb

h¿jw

1865Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ ]≠m-c-∏m´ hnfw-

_cw \S-Ønb h¿jw

C¥y-bnse G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]g-°-

ap≈ s]mXp-ta-Jem _m¶mb Ae-l-

_mZv _m¶v Bcw-`n® h¿jw

emem ePv]Xv dmbv P\n® h¿jw

C‚¿\m-j-W¬ sSen-I-Ωyq-Wn-t°-j≥

bqWn-b≥ kvYm]n-Xamb h¿jw

F_lmw en¶¨ h[n-°-s∏´ h¿jw

1866CuÃn¥ym Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ kvYm]n-

Xamb h¿jw

tKm]meIrjvW tKmJse P\n®

h¿jw

Ae-l-_mZv sslt°m-SXn Bcw-`n®

h¿jw

`mc-Xob _“-k-amPw XpS-ßnb

h¿jw

1867]m¿Y-\m-k-amPw kvYm]n® h¿jw

djy bp Fkn\v AemkvI hn‰ h¿jw

kn IrjvW≥ P\n® h¿jw

h¿°e I\m¬ \n¿Ωn® h¿jw

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ P∑n˛ IpSn-bm≥

hnfw-_cw

Imƒ am¿Ivkns‚ aqe-[\w F∂

KŸw ]pd-Øp-h∂ h¿jw

1868sl¿a≥ Kp≠¿´v tIc-f-∏-ga cNn®

h¿jw

\nt°m-_m¿ Zzo]p-I-fpsS \nb-¥Ww

sU≥am¿°n¬ \n∂v _n´¨ Gs‰-

SpØ h¿jw

1869almflm Km‘n P\n® h¿jw

tI-c-f-Øn¬- C-t∏m-g-sØ- sk-I-t -dn-b-

‰v- a-µn-cw- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏- - h¿-jw-

kq-b-kv- I-\m¬- Xp-d-∂p-sIm-Sp-Ø- h¿-

jw-

IkvXq¿_mKm‘n P\n®h¿jw

1870]q\ km¿∆P\nIv k` cq]w sIm≠

h¿jw

Ipƒ-´n-bn¬- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy- C-cp-ºp-

cp-°v- im-e- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-

tI-i-h- N-µ- sk-≥ C-¥y-≥ dn-t^mw-

kv- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-≥ kv-Ym-]n-®- h¿-

jw-

1871kn hn Ip™p-cm-a≥ P\n® h¿jw

Ipcym-t°mkv Gen-bmkv A¥-cn®

h¿jw

]mcokv IΩyq¨ \S∂ h¿jw

P¿Ω\nbpsS GIo-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-

bmb h¿jw

1872C¥ym sshtkm-bn-bm-bn-cp∂ tatbm

]`p B≥U-am -\n¬ sIm√-s∏´

h¿jw

Ac-hnµ tLmjv P\n® h¿jw

C¥y≥ Fhn-U≥kv BIvSv ]mkm-

°nb h¿jw

C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sk-≥k-kv- \-S-

∂- h¿-jw-

]-©m-_n¬- Ip-°m- I-em-]w- \-S-∂- h¿-

jw-

Kp≠¿´ns‚ \nL≠p ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-

Ønb h¿jw

1873tPym-Xn-_- ^p-se- k-Xy- tim-[-Iv- k-

am-Pw- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-

Ipam-c-\m-im≥ P\n® h¿jw

h°w auehn P\n® h¿jw

1874aq¿t°mØv Ipam-c≥ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬

P\n® h¿jw

Bdm-´p-]pg them-bp[ ]Wn-°¿ h[n-

°-s∏´ h¿jw

bqWn-th-gvk¬ t]mì bqWn-b≥

ÿm]n-X-amb h¿jw

1875amUw ªmh-UvkvInbpw tIW¬

Hmƒt°m´pw tN¿∂v Xntbm-k- n-°¬

skmssk‰n ÿm]n® h¿jw

Bcy kamPw ÿm]n-°-s∏´ h¿jw

Aen-KVv ]ÿm\w Bcw- n® h¿jw

k¿Zm¿ h√-`v`mbv ]t´¬ P\n®

h¿jw

t_mws_ tÃm°v FIvkvtN©v XpS-

ßnb h¿jw

k¿ køZv Al-ΩZv Jm≥ apl-Ω-Z≥

Bwt•m Hmdn-b‚¬ tImtfPv ÿm]n®

h¿jw

C¥y-bnse cmP-Ip-Spw-_mwK߃°v

hnZym-`ym -k-Øn-\mbn APvao -cn¬

tatbm tImtfPv Bcw-`n® h¿jw

1876C¥y≥ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ÿm]n-X-

amb h¿jw

bqWn-th-gvk¬ t]mì bqWn-b-\n¬

C¥y AwK-amb h¿jw

C¥ybn¬ B[p-\nI Iºnfn hyh-km-

b-Øn\v XpS-°an´ h¿jw

apl-Ω-Zen Pn∂ P\n® h¿jw

1877U¬ln Z¿_m¿ \S∂ h¿jw

]p\-eq¿ Xq°p-]mew \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´

h¿jw

sNm∆-bpsS D]-K-l-ß-fmb t^mt_m-

kn-s\bpw sZbvtam-kn-s\bpw Is≠-

Ønb h¿jw

Fw kn tdmUns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bmb

4 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

h¿jw

alm-Ihn D≈q¿ P\n® h¿jw

1878_n´o-jn-¥y-bn¬ sh¿W-°p-e¿ ]kv

BIvSv ]mkm-°nb h¿jw

km[m-c¨ _“-k-amPw XpS-ßnb

h¿jw

tIm´bw ]´Ww ÿm]n-°-s∏´ h¿jw

kztZ-im-`n -am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈

P\n® h¿jw

a∂Øv ]Zva-\m- ≥ s]cp-∂-bn¬ P\n®

h¿jw

en´¨ ]`p C¥y≥ Bbp[ \nbaw

sIm≠p h∂ h¿jw

Zn lnµp ]Xw sNss∂-bn¬ Bcw- n®

h¿jw

_n´ojv C¥y-bn¬ dn®m¿Uv kvSm®n

IΩn-j≥ \nb-an-°-s∏´ h¿jw

1879ktcm-Pn\n \mbnUp P\n® h¿jw

kptc-µ-\mYv _m\¿Pn _wKmfn F∂

]Xw Bcw-`n® h¿jw

s]mbvI-bn¬ tbml-∂m≥ P\n®

h¿jw

C¥y-bnse BZysØ h\n-Xm-tIm-tf-

Pmb t_Xq¨ tImtfPv sIm¬°-Ø-

bn¬ ÿm]n-X-amb h¿jw

C hn cma-kzman \mbv°-¿ P\n®

h¿jw

1880Ipdp -º≥ ssZh-Øm≥ A¥-cn®

h¿jw

C¥y-bn¬ aWn-tbm¿U¿ kwhn-[m\w

Bcw-`n® h¿jw

hnimJw Xncp-\mƒ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿

cmPm-hmb h¿jw

1881_n´o-jn-¥y-bn¬ BZy ^mIvSdn

\nbaw sIm≠p-h∂ h¿jw

_n´o-jn-¥y-bnse BZysØ dKp-e¿

sk≥kkv \S∂ h¿jw

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse BZy ]cp-Øn-

ØpWn an¬ sIm√Øv XpS-ßnb

h¿jw

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ sslt°m-SXn Bcw-

`n® h¿jw

Um¿Pn-enwKv lnam-e-b≥ dbn¬th

ÿm]n-X-amb h¿jw

1882dn∏¨ ]`p l≠¿ IΩn-js\ \nb-

an® h¿jw

]mtZ-inI ]X-`mjm \nbaw ]n≥h-

en® h¿jw

_n´o-jn-¥y-bn¬ Xt±i kzbw `cW

ÿm]-\-߃°v XpS°w Ipdn®

h¿jw

C¥y-bn¬ t]mtÃm-^okv tkhnMvkv

_m¶v Bcw-`n® h¿jw

sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬- C-¥y-bn¬- sS-e-t^m-

¨- F-Iv-kv-tN-©v- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-

htµ-am-Xcw ]kn-≤o-I-cn® h¿jw

1883dn∏¨ ]`p C¬_¿´v _n¬ sIm≠p-

h∂ h¿jw

hn Un kh¿°¿ P\n® h¿jw

Imd¬ am¿Ivkv A¥-cn® h¿jw

Km‘nPn hnhm-ln-X-\mb h¿jw

1884U°m¨ FUyq-t°-j≥ skmssk‰n

Bcw-`n® h¿jw

aZmkv alm-P-\-k` Bcw-`n® h¿jw

C¥y-bn¬ t]mì sse^v C≥jp-

d≥kv Bcw-`n® h¿jw

C¥y-≥ \mj-W¬ bqWn-b≥ ÿm]n-

X-amb h¿jw

1885C¥y-≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨Kkv

ÿm]n-X-amb h¿jw

]WvUn‰v Idp-∏≥ P\n® h¿jw

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ ioaqew Xncp-\mƒ

cmPmhv A[n-Im-c-ta‰ h¿jw

]mSyØv hmKv`-Sm-\-µ≥ P\n® h¿jw

C¥y-≥ sSe-Km v BIvSv sIm≠p-h∂

h¿jw

emtlm-dn¬ Zbm-\µv Bwt•m thZnIv

kvIqƒ Bcw-`n® h¿jw

t_mws_ ]kn-U≥kn Atkm-kn-tb-

j≥ Bcw-`n® h¿jw

1886sI ]n tIi-h-ta-t\m≥ P\n® h¿jw

ap√-s∏-cnbm¿ Icm¿ H∏p h® h¿jw

sF®n-k¨ IΩn-j≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´

h¿jw

1887Hcp tIm¨Kkv ktΩ-f\w BZy-ambn

Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ \S∂ (sN-ss∂)

h¿jw

Ipµ-eX Fgp-X-s∏´ h¿jw

emtlm-dn¬ tZh kamPw ÿm]n-X-

amb h¿jw

]mºmSn tPm¨ tPmk^v P\n®

h¿jw

Smh≥Iq¿ t^mdÃv BIvSv \ne-hn¬

h∂ h¿jw

Zo]nI ]Xw Bcw- n® h¿jw

1888Xncp -hn -Xmw-Iq -dn¬ sePn-t…-‰ohv

Iu¨kn¬ Bcw-`n® h¿jw

kn. hn. cma≥ P\n® h¿jw

auem\m A_vZpƒ Iemw BkmZv

P\n® h¿jw

bpssW-‰Uv C¥y ]mSn -tbm-´nIv

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ÿm]n® h¿jw

io \mcm-b-W-Kpcp Acp-hp -∏pdw

]XnjvT \S-Ønb h¿jw

tIm∂n-sb- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-Zy-

sØ- dn-k¿-∆v- h-\-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®- h¿-

jw-

BNmcy Ir]-em-\nbpw auem\m

BkmZpw (\-hw-_¿ 12) P\n®h¿jw

ae-bmf at\m-ca Iº\n Bcw-`n®

h¿jw

]T-\-Øn-\mbn Km‘nPn Cw•-≠n-te°v

t]mb h¿jw

1889]©m-_n¬ Al-Ω-Znb ]ÿm\w

Bcw-`n® h¿jw

B\n _k‚ v Xntbm -k-^n -°¬

skmssk‰nbn¬ tN¿∂ h¿jw

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Facts about Kerala1. The famous marine drive in Kerala is at: Ernakulam2. The national park which is famous lion tailed

macaque: Silent Valley3. In which hills the famous Edakkal caves are

situated? Ambukuthimala4. The place in Kerala famous for ‘Neelakurinji’:

Munnar5. Where is ‘Joothakkulam’ in Kerala? Madayi6. In which place Jadayupara is situated?

Chadayamangalam7. In which district Pookkode lake is situated?

Wayanad8. Bakel fort is situated in the district of: Kasargod9. Thankassery light house is in the district of: Kollam10. In which district is Athirappally- Vazhachal waterfalls:

Thrissur11. Swati Thirunal constructed ‘Kuthira Malika’ at:

Thiruvananthapuram12. Who renovated the Krishnapuram palace?

Marthandavarma13. In which district is Sankhumukham beach?

Thiruvananthapuram14. In which place is Papanasam beach? Varkala15. In which district is Wagamon? Idukky16. In which district is Pathiramanal island? Alappuzha17. Where is Pazhassi Kudeeram situated?

Mananthavady18. The place where a garden was built in memory of

the national leaders: Peruvannamuzhi19. In which district is Kappil beach?

Thiruvananthapuram20. In which district is Payyambalam beach? Kannur21. In which district is Pakshipathalam? Wayanad22. Edakkal Caves are in the district of: Wayanad23. In which district is Kuruva island? Wayanad24. Pookkode lake is in the district of: Wayanad25. In which district is Agasthyarkootam?

Thiruvananthapuram26. Summer station of erstwhile princely state of

Travancore, situated in Idukky district: Peerumedu27. Where is ‘Joothakkunnu’ in Kerala? Chavakkad28. In which district is Thattekkad bird santuary?

Ernakulam29. The Dutch Palace of Kochi was built by the:

Portuguese30. St.Angelos fort in Kannur was built by the: Portu-

guese31. The fort in Thiruvananthapuram district that was built

by the British in 17th century: Anchengo32. Which palace is in Tamil Nadu but it is owned by the

Government of Kerala? Padmanabhapuram33. Payyoli beach is in the district of: Kozhikode34. In which lake is Pathiramanal island? Vembanad

35. In which district is Chakkulath Kavu? Alappuzha36. The fort built by Somasekhara Naik of Ikkeri

dynasty: Hosdurg37. In which district is Fantacy Park? Palakkad38. Which traditional art form is related to Pulluvar?

Sarpam Thullal39. Which art form is exclusively performed by the

members of Chakyarkooth? Koodiyattam40. The first person in Kerala to write Sanskrit Drama:

Saktibhadran41. Subhadradhananjayam and Thapathisamvaranam

were written by: Kulasekharavarma42. The mudras of ‘Kathakali’ are adopted from:

Koodiyattam43. In which century Kathakali was originated? 17th44. The exponent of Kathakali: Kottarakkara Thampuran45. Primitive form of Kathakali: Ramanattam46. The literary part of Kathakali: Attakkatha47. Which work is also known as ‘Ashtapadi’?

Gitagovinda48. Who wrote the song’ Omanathinkal Kidavo’?

Irayimman Thampy49. The most refined dance form of Kerala: Kathakali50. Who authored ‘Prananathenenikku nalkiya

paramananda rasathe’? Irayimman Thampy51. Who is regarded as the father of Yakshagana?

Parthy Subban52. A dance form evolved in Kerala under the patronage

of Christian Church: Chavittunatakam53. The birth place of Chavittunatakam: Matttancherry54. Chavittunatakam was evolved as an alternative to:

Kathakali55. In which century Thacholi Othernan lived? 16th56. Martial arts form of Kerala? Kalaripayat57. “Thekkan style’ in Kathakali was expounded by:

Kaplingattu Namboothiri58. The first step in the performance of Kathakali:

Kelikottu59. The number of mudras in Kathakali: 2460. The most beautiful ‘Vesha’ in Kathakali: Pacha61. Which vesha is usually used for female charecters in

Kathakali? Minukku62. The poet who revived Kathakali: Vallathol63. The exponent of Ottan Thullal: Kunchan Nambiar64. Which place is known as the birth place of Ottan

Thullal? Ambalappuzha65. Parayan and Seethnkan are forms of: Ottan Thullal66. The mural painting ‘Aghoramoorthy’ can be seen at

the temple of: Ettumanoor67. The largest mural painting in Kerala:

Gajendramoksham68. Gajendramoksham can be seen at the palace of:

Krishnapuram

69. Padayani is a dance form popular in the district of:Pathanamthitta

70. Margam Kali is related to which religion? Christians71. Thiruvathirakkali is also known as: Kaikottikkali72. Dappukali is popular among which religion? Muslims73. The number of types of musical instruments used in

Panchavadyam: 674. The famous Edakkal caves are in the district of:

Wayanad75. Who discovered the Edakkal caves? Fasset76. The famous ‘Ezharapponnana’ of Ettumanoor

temple is made up of: Wood77. In which district is ‘Arjuna Nritham’ is a famous

dance form? Kottayam78. Oppana is a dance form performed by the women of

...... community: Muslim79. The first film in Malayalam was made based on a

literary work: Marthandavarma80. The first Malayalam film to get President’s silver

medal: Neelakkuyil81. The first south Indian film to get president’s gold

medal: Chemmeen82. The first film directed by M T Vasudevan Nair:

Nirmalyam83. The Malayalam film that showed for the longest

period: Chithram84. A film that depicts a story in the back ground of

freedom struggle of India: Kalapani85. The film based on the theme of ‘Othallo’ of

Shakespeare: Kaliyattam86. The film ‘Yugapurushan’ depicts the life of:

Srinarayana Guru87. The role immortalised by Mammooty in the film ‘Oru

Vadakkan Veeragatha’: Chanthu88. The film based on the theme of ‘Count of Monte

Christo’ by Alexander Dumas: Padayottam89. The first Dolby sterio film in Malayalam: Kalapani90. The first Malayalam film that was nominated for

Oscar: Guru91. The first film society in Kerala: Chitralekha92. The film based on the theme of Malabar Revolt:

192193. The Malayalam film in which no woman was acted:

Mathilukal94. The film ‘Guru’ depicts the life of: Karunakara Guru95. The Malayalam film in which Latha Mangeshkar was

a playback singer: Nellu96. The film based on the theme of Kayyur strike:

Meenamasathile Sooryan97. The first Malayalam film to get Golden Camera

award in Cannes film festival: Maranasimhasanam98. The first film to get the award of Govt. of Kerala for

best film: Kumarasambhavam99. The film based on the theme of Rajan Case: Piravi100.The first digital film in Malayalam: Moonnamathoral

6 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

Information Technology

Planning and Development

1. A computer program consists of:(a) System flowchart(b) Algorithms written in computer’slanguage(c) Program(d) Discrete logical steps

2. Hard disc is logically organised as:(a)Tracks (b) Cylinders(c) Cylinders& Sectors (d) Both (1) and (2)

3. A special storage register associatedwith the Arithmetic Logic Unit is:(a)CPU (b) Accumulator(c) Primary store (d) Auxiliary store

4. Class members are ____ by default:(a)private (b) protected(c) public (d) None of these

5. Which of the following is not anadvantage of Dynamic RAMs?(a) High Density (b) Low cost(c) High speed(d) No need for memory refresh

6. The diagram which represents the orderof functions in a program is called a:(a) Sequence of steps(b) Software design(c) Algorithm (d) Flow chart

7. A network where the computers arewithin 100 to 300 metres is:(a) LAN (b) WAN(c) Internet (d) None of these

8. ERP is used in:

(a)Operating systems (b) Securitypasses(c) Information environment(d) None of these

9. The instruction code in a machinelanguage or assembler which specifiesthe basic operations of the CPU is:(a)Machine code (b) OP code(c) Instruction code(d) None of these

10. File name with the extension .VXDrepresents:(a)Normal application file(b) Text file(c)Device drivers (d) Picture file

11. Main memory of a computer is:(a)Sequential device(b) Random device(c) Both of the above (d) Volatile

12. Another word that means to quit theprogram:(a)Out (b) Escape(c) Exit (d) Cancel

13. Space missions would most likely becontrolled and monitored by what typeof system?(a)Super computer (b) Main frame(c) Mini computer(d) Micro computer

14. A flow chart has one to onecorrespondence with:

(a)Software design(b) Program development(c) Algorithm(d) Requirement analysis

15. A beam of light used to record andretrieve data on optical discs is knownas:(a)Laser light (b) Polarised light(c) Unpolarised light (d) Coloured light

16. A temporary storage area used to holdinformation that is being transferredfrom one program to another:(a)Clip board (b) Buffer(c) Memory (d) Swap

17. Which of the following languages isfrequently used to design web pages?(a)COBOL (b) C(c) PASCAL (d) JAVA

18. What command do you use to removefiles from a disc?(a)Copy files (b) Move files(c) Delete files (d) Close files

19. Which of the following is not an exampleof output device?(a)CRT Monitor(b) Voice recognition device(c) DOT Matrix Printer (d) LCD

20. Which of the following is the fastestprinter?(a)Laser (b) Ink Jet(c) Dot-matrix (d) Plotter

21. You can keep your personal files/foldersin:(a)My Folder(b) My Documents(c) My Files (d) My Text

22. The process of transferring files from acomputer on the internet to yourcomputer is called:(a)Downloading (b) Uploading(c) Downsize (d) JPEG

23. When you save to this, your data willremain intact even when the computeris turned off:(a)RAM (b) Motherboard(c) Secondary storage device(d) Primary storage device

24. The basic unit of a work sheet intowhich you enter data in Excel is calleda:(a) Tab (b) Cell(c) Box (d) Range

25. The most common type of storagedevices are:(a)Persistent (b) Optical(c) Magnetic (d) Flash

Answers:1 (b) 2(c) 3 (b) 4 (a) 5(c) 6(d) 7(a) 8(c) 9(b)10(c) 11(c) 12(c) 13(a) 14(c) 15(a) 16(a)17(d) 18(c) 19(b) 20(a) 21(b) 22(a) 23(d)24(b) 25(c)

1. The main model that formed the basisof the strategy of the Second Five YearPlan was formulated by(a)K.N.Raj(b) P.C.Mahalanobis(c) Gulsarilal Nandha(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

2. The Panchayat Raj system wasintroduced in 1959 under therecommendation of:(a) Ashok Mehta Committee(b) Belwant Rai Mehta Committee(c) Dinesh Goswamy Committee(d) Narasimham committee

3. The state which has the largestpercentage of rural population(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Bihar(c) Chhatisgarh(d) Uttar Pradesh

4. Father of Green Revolution in India(a) Dr Varghese Kurien(b) M.S.Swaminathan(c) M.Visvesvarayya(d) C.Subramanyam

5. The Ashok Mehta Committee wasappointed(a) 1959 (b) 1960(c) 1977 (d) 1978

6. Name the Prime Minister who appointedAshok Mehta Committee in 1977(a) Charan Singh (b) Morarji Desai(c) Indira Gandhi (d) None of these

7. The Indira Awas Yojana aims to provide(a) Houses to poor (b) Employment

(c) Literacy (d) Drinking water8. Which Five Year Plan is referred to as

‘Industrial and Transport Plan’?(a) First (b) Second(c) Third (d) Fourth

9. Planning Commission is a/an(a) Executive body(b) Constitutional body(c) Advisory body (d) Elected body

10. The major emphasis of Third Five YearPlan was(a) Green Revolution(b) Operation Flood(c)100% literacy(d) Making India self-reliant

11. The term ‘Hindu Growth Rate’ wascoined by(a) K.N.Raj (b) Raj Krishna(c) Mahalanobis (d) V.N.Gadgil

12. The concept of Five Year Plan in Indiawas introduced by(a) Sardar Patel(b) Dr Rajendra Prasad(c) Gulsarilal Nanda(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

13. Family Planning was started in India in(a) 1947 (b) 1948(c) 1950 (d) 1952

14. Who is known as Father of IndianBudget?(a) Dadabhai Navroji(b) M.Visvesvarayya(c) P.C.Mahalanobis(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

15. Where is National Institute of RuralDevelopment situated?(a) Hyderabad (b) New Delhi(c) Ahmedabad (d) Shimla

16. Which body gives the final approval forthe draft of the five year plans in India?(a) Planning Commission(b) Finance commission(c) National Development Council(d) Supreme Court of India

17. In which schedule of the constitutionprovisions related to MunicipalAdministration is included(a) 9 (b) 8(c) 12 (d) 11

18. The 73rd Amendment of the constitutioncame into force in(a) 1992 (b) 1993(c) 1994 (d) 1995

19. The elections to the three- tierPanchayat Raj institutions areconducted by(a) Election Commission of India(b) State Election Commission(c) Planning Commission(d) Social Welfare Department

20. Norman Borlaug is regarded as thefather of...... in the world.(a) White Revolution(b) Industrial Revolution(c) Green Revolution(d) None of these

21. The Rolling Plan concept in NationalPlanning was introduced by

(a) Janatha Government(b) United Front Government(c) Rajiv Gandhi(d) V.P.Singh

22. TRYSEM deals with(a) Training of young women foremployment(b) Training of rural youth for selfemployment(c) Training of teachers for literacyprogramme(d) None of these

23. Who was the Prime Minister of Indiawhen Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana(PMRY) was started?(a) Rajiv Gandhi (b) Indira Gandhi(c) Narasimha Rao(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

24. Food for Work Programme wasintroduced during the(a) Fourth Plan (b) Sixth Plan(c) Fifth Plan (d) Seventh Plan

25. Khadi and Village IndustriesCommission was set up in the ___ FiveYear Plan(a) First (b) Second(c) Third (d) Fourth

Answers:

1 (b) 2(b) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(b) 7(a) 8(b) 9(c)10(d) 11(b) 12(d) 13(d) 14(c) 15(a) 16(c)17(c) 18(b) 19(b) 20(c) 21(a) 22(b) 23(c)24(c) 25(b)

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 7

1. The significance of the third Carnatic War:End of Political power of French in India

2. The British General defeated Peshwa BajiRao I? Malcom

3. Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga andJnana Yoga are the works of which amongthe following social reformers of India?Vivekananda

4. The First Anglo-Afghan War (also knownas Auckland's Folly) was fought betweenBritish India and Afghanistan from 1839to ____: 1842

5. The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought be-tween the Sikh Empire and the British EastIndia Company between : 1845 and 1846

6. After 1857, who announced at a Durbarat Allahabad, the assumption of theGovernment of India by the Sovereign ofGreat Britain? Lord Canning

7. The Viceroy who headed the interim gov-ernment assumed office on 2nd Septem-ber, 1946: Wavell

8. Who wrote the book ‘Bahuvivah’? IswarChandra Vidyasagar

9. Who founded the Indian Society of Ori-ental Art to revive the ancient art tradi-tions of India? Abanindranath Tagore

10. Who is known to have founded the "Aca-demic Association"? Henry Vivian Derozio

11. Radha Swami cult was established by:Shiv Dayal

12. In the 1937 elections, out of the elevenprovinces Congress formed ministries in____ provinces. 7

13. Who rejected the title of Knighthood andrefused to accept a position in the councilof the Secretary of State for India? GopalKrishna Gokhale

14. When the East India Company came intoexistence, England was ruled by whichdynasty? Stuarts

15. By which Act,the East India Company lostall its administrative powers? Governmentof India Act of 1858

16. During the revolt of 1857, Birjis Qadr, theson of the deposed Nawab Wajid Ali Shah,was proclaimed the new Nawab of:Lucknow

17. Who among established the Calcutta Uni-tarian Committee? Ishwar ChandraVidhya Sagar

18. The Governor General who finally re-moved the Maratha Peshwa from his po-sition, captured his territories and sent himoff to a distant place? Hastings

19. Who was the Viceroy when Cripp's Mis-sion visited India ? Linlithgo

20. In the Federation established by the Act1935, residuary powers were given to the: Viceroy

21. On 9th of August, 1942, Mahatma Gandhiand the entire CongressWorking Commit-tee were arrested in _____: Mumbai

22. Which Act at aimed at separating the com-mercial and political functioning of the EastIndia Company? Act of 1784

23. The city where Swaraj Party was formed:Allahabad

24. The first educational institute establishedby the East India Company's government.Calcutta Madrassa

25. Which act was passed in context of'Komagata Maru' incident? The Defenceof India Act

Modern India26. Which movement was launched as per

the resolution of Calcutta session and rati-fied in Nagpur session in December 1920:Non-cooperation

27. The leader of Hindu Maha Sabha relatedto Nasik Conspiracy Case? VinayakSavarkar

28. Where did Gandhiji organised aSatyagraha Sabha in 1919? ) Mumbai

29. Who establishe Sanskrit College atBenarus in 1792? Jonathan Duncan

30. Who started Anglo Hindu School atKolkata in 1816? Raja Ram Mohun Roy

31. Chakravarthi Viraraghavacharya was thefirst Indian to draft a Swaraj constitutionfor Indi. It was presented at the Madrassession in _____.1927

32. ‘Salt suddenly became a mysteriousword, a word of power" These words werespoken by whom on the occassion of SaltSatyagraha? Jawaharlal Nehru

33. As per the resolution adpoted by theCommittee of All Parties conference on19th May 1928 who was made the chair-man to consider and determine the prin-ciples of the Constitution of India? MotilalNehru

34. Who started the newspaper 'VandeMataram' in the U.K.? Madam Cama

35. The Governor General when 'Wood'sDespatch' was proposed: Dalhousie

36. Who changed his name to RamMohammad Singh Azad, symbolizing theunification of the three major religions ofIndia: Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism?Uddham Singh

37. Who was the Governor General whenSanthal uprising (1855-56) held?Dalhousie

38. The INA troops surrendered before theBritish army in _____: 1945

39. Through which Educational Report,Calcutta University came into existence?Wood's Despatch

40. The leader who initially opposed non-co-operation movement, but accepted it atthe Nagpur session of 1920? C.R.Das

41. The Montague - Chelmsford Reforms waspublished on July 8, _____: 1918

42. The tribal leader who was came to beknown as ‘Bhagawan’: Birsa Munda

43. Who was the Viceroy when Archaeologi-cal Survey of India was established?Curzon

44. Who was the Governor General when aTripartite Treaty among the English, RanjitSingh and Shah Shuja of Afghanistan wassigned? Lord Auckland

45. Who was the Viceroy when India Coun-cils Act of 1861 was passed ? Canning

46. Disturbed by the Jallianwala Bagh Mas-sacre and encouraged by MahathmaGandhi’s plan for non-cooperation whoresigned from ICS while on probation in1921? Subhas Chandra Bose

47. During the Quit India Movement a paral-lel government was setup by Nana Patilin ______: Satara

48. The freedom fighter who was the only stu-dent to obtain his MRCP and FRCS in oneyear: B.C.Roy

49. On 12th November 1930 who officiallyopened the Round Table Conference?George V

50. Out of the total of 562 Princely States inundivided India, how many of them werewithin the new Independent India? 532

51. The first Bengali political drama which pre-sented the story of the brutality of Englishindigo planters was : Neel Darpan

52. The first fort which the British constructedin India was: St.George

53. Which Act came to be known as 'BlackAct'? Rowlatt Act

54. The Governor General who made Shimlathe summer capital of British India:Dalhousie

55. The Urdu poet who was invited to theSecond and Third Round Table Confer-ence? Muhammad Iqbal

56. In order to attend the Second Round TableConference, in which ship MahathmaGandhi sailed to England? SS Rajputana

57. Which was the venue of the SecondRound Table Conference? St.JamesPalac

58. In which session of the congress was theresolution passed stating that "thereshould be equality before law irrespectiveof caste, creed or sex." ? Karachi ses-sion, 1931

59. Government of India Act of 1935 was in-troduced when .... was the Viceroy:Wellington

60. Who hoisted the Indian Tricolour in theGowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay on 9th

August 1942 in connection with Quit In-dia Movement? Aruna Asaf Ali

61. Who was the Viceroy when the AncientMonument Protection Act was passed?Curzon

62. During the Indian Freedom struggle, whoraised an army called "Free India Legion"?Subhash Chandra Bose

63. Competitive examination for the IndianCivil Services began during the GovernorGeneralship of: Dalhousie

64. Surendra Nath Bannerjeewas denied apost in the Indian Civil Service on whatgrounds, even after having cleared theexaminations successfully? He had mis-represented his age

65. Which bill aimed to bring Indian and Eu-ropean magistracy on equal footing? IlbertBill

66. The Viceroy who introduced Budget sys-tem in India: Canning

67. The number Indians included in theseven-member Hunter Committee? Three

68. When were the Congress Governmentsformed in seven out of eleven provinces? July 1937

69. Name a newspaper that was instrumen-tal in inculcating the spirit of opposition tothe Partition of Bengal.: Sandhya

70. Who was the Viceroy at the time of SimlaConference (1945) ?Wavell

71. The Governor General who abolished thetitles of Carnatic Nawab and Raja ofTanjore and refused pension to NanaSaheb: Lord Dalhousie

72. Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswaswere the leaders of which revolt? IndigoRevolt

73. With reference to Indian freedom struggle,who of the following was the lady repre-sentative of India at the Second RoundTable Conference? Sarojini Naidu

74. Who headed the Disorders Inquiry Com-mittee appointed by the Government ofBritish India to enquire about JallianwalaBagh Massacre? William Hunter

75. What was the ratio of Indian soldiers andEuropeans in the Army at the time of 1857Revolt: 6:1

76. Delhi became the new capital of India in:1912

77. Who was the Viceroy when the NavalMutiny (1946) was held? Wavell

78. Who was in the forefront of making ef-forts leading to making of the age of Con-sent Act, 1891? B.M.Malabari

79. Gopala Krishna Gokhale passed away in:1915

80. Who among the following was one of thefounders of Widow Remarriage Associa-tion in 1861? Mahadev Govind Ranade

81. How many members of the British Parlia-ment were included in the Board of Con-trol formed as per the Pitt’s India Act,1784? Six

82. The freedom fighter on whose 75th birthday India got independence? AurobindoGhosh

83. In which year Annie Besant became thefirst woman president of Indian NationalCongress? 1917

84. Who was the Governor General when theNawab of Surat was granted pension in1800 and the state was annexed?Wellesley

85. Who was the Viceroy when the grandcoronation of George V was held at Delhi?Hardinge II

86. Who sent an English army to take awaypersonal jewels of the Begums of Oudhas the Nawab could not pay up his duesto the British? Warren Hastings

87. The Governor General who brought theGeneral service Enlistment Act, 1856:Lord Canning

88. In which year Bal Gangadhar Tilak formedIndian Home Rule League with its head-quarters at Pune? 1916

89. The Governor General who suppressedPindaris: Hastings

90. When was the Treaty of Alinagar signed? February 1757

91. The Peshwa who burnt the British resi-dency at Pune: ) Baji Rao II

92. Who said, "Like summer gale revolt ofMeerut was unprecedented and short-lived" ? S. N. Sen

93. At the battle of Biddera the Englishcrushed the power of ___: Dutch

94. Which operation was started by the Brit-ish Government to arrest the leaders ofQuit India Movement ? Operation Thun-derbolt

95. In the Third Maratha War, the English de-feated Peshwa Bajirao II at—: Bassein

96. Which organisation observed Black Dayon July 1947 against partion of India?Hindu Mahasabha

97. Name the Bengali writer who was the firstto suggest the adoption of Hindi as India’sNational Language ? Bhudeva Mukherjee

98. Who was a woman revolutionary who at-tacked a European Club? PreetilathaWadedar

99. The Treaty of Surat (1775) was concludedby the British with the following Marathachief ______: Raghoba

100. The year of Shibpur Dacoity Case: 1915

8 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

Test Your GKTwo sets of general knowledge questions are given below. Try to practise eachset in 10 minutes. For each correct answer to be given one mark and 0.33 mark to bededucted for each wrong answer. No negative marks for unattended questions. If the score is 21 or above- very good. 15 -20- Good. below 15 needs improvement through extensive reference.

21. Who among the following is called ‘Federal Ambassador’?(a) Prime Minister (b) Speaker(c) Chief Justice (d) President

22. The first state in South India where President’s rule wasdeclared for the first time:(a) Kerala (b) Thiru-Kochi(c) Andhra (d) Tamil Nadu

23. Which Latin word has the meaning ‘We order’?(a) Habeus Corpus (b) Mandamus(c) Certiorari (d) Quo warranto

24. The Prime Minister of India when Prime Minister’s RozgarYojana was introduced?(a) Rajiv Gandhi (b) Indira Gandhi(c) Narasimha Rao (d) Jawaharlal Nehru

25. The minimum age to contest as a member of Panchayat:(a) 18 (b) 21(c) 25 (d) 35

Answers1 (d) 2(d) 3 (c) 4 (a) 5(b) 6(c) 7(d) 8(d) 9(c) 10(b) 11(a) 12(a)13(a) 14(b) 15(a) 16(b) 17(c) 18(b) 19(a) 20(d) 21(d) 22(c)23(b) 24(c) 25(b)

21. Which one of the ancient dynasties was famous for village

administration?(a) Chola (b) Chera(c) Pallava (d) Pandya

2. The headquarters of the Asian Development Bank:(a) Bangkok (b) Manila(c) Tokyo (d) New Delhi

3. Ostrich is a native of:(a)Antarctica (b) Africa(c) Europe (d) South America

4. The smallest flightless bird:(a) Humming bird (b) Inaccessible Island Rail(c)Robin (d) Emu

5. Who said “Othermen live to eat, I eat to live”?(a) Gandhiji (b) Shakespeare(c) Bernard Shaw (d) Socrates

6. The scentific unit used to denote the speed of a ship:(a) Knot (b) Fathom(c) Nautical mile (d) Mach number

7. The main metal contained in Sapphire:(a) Iron (b) Aluminium(c) Copper (d) Magnisium

8. One nautical mile=...... mile(a) 1.1507 (b) 1.852(c) 1.825 (d) 1.609

9. In Indian history, Hemachandra Bhargava is better known as(a) Harsha (b) Rana Pratap(c) Shivaji (d) Hemu

10. The chemical name of nitre:(a) Potasium nitrate (b) Sodium chloride(c) Calcium chloride (d) Copper nitrate

11. The name Oxygen was given by:(a) Priestly (b) Edison

(c) Lavoisier (d) Cavendish12. The largest non-capital city in South India:

(a) Chennai (b) Kochi(c) Coimbatore (d) Madurai

13. The ship which carried the first Indian mission to Antarcticaled by S.Z.Qasim:(a) M V Polar Circle (b) M V Polar Bird(c) M.V.Thuleland (d) M.V.Magdalena

14. The 8th city of Delhi:(a) Purana Qila (b) Shajahanabad(c) Siri (d) New Delhi

15. The first muslim to become the chief justice of India:(a) Zakkir Hussain (b) A.M.Ahmadi(c) M.Hidayatullah (d) I.C.Shaw

16. Who said: “Superstition is the religion of feeble minds”?(a) George Bernard Shaw (b) Edmund Burke(c) T.H.Huxley (d) Bertrand Russel

17. The defeated candidate in the history of Indian Presidentialelections who got the highest percentage of votes:(a) V.V.Giri (b) Zakkir Hussain(c) T.N.Seshan (d) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

18. Which organisation is related to the International LiteracyDay?(a) UNESCO (b) UNICEF(c) Red Cross (d) UNEP

19. The number of members in Rajyasabha representing thestates of the Indian Union at present:(a) 250 (b) 233(c) 229 (d) 226

20. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is a sacred monumentof the:(a) Jews (b) Muslims(c) Christians (d) Parsis

21. Gandhiji lived in South Africa during the period:(a) 1893-1915 (b) 1893-1914(c) 1893-1917 (d) 1893-1920

22. Which prophet had a revelation at mount Sinai?(a) Jesus Christ (b) Mohammed(c) Moses (d) Bahavulla

23. One mile=......feet(a) 5280 (b) 6080(c) 5820 (d) 6800

24. Saddle Peak which is the highest peak in Andaman andNicobar group of islands. It is located in:(a) North Andaman (b) Middle Andaman(c) Car Nicobar (d) Great Nicobar

25. Who was the King of Britain during the Delhi Durbar of1911?(a) George VI (b) George V(c) Edward VIII (d) Charles II

Answers1 (a) 2(b) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5(d) 6(a) 7(b) 8(a) 9(d) 10(a) 11(c) 12(c)13(a) 14(d) 15(c) 16(b) 17(d) 18(a) 19(c) 20(b) 21(b) 22(c)23(a) 24(a) 25(b)

11. Which one of the following is not a planned city?

(a) Gandhinagar (b) Chandigarh(c) Jamshedpur (d) Allahabad

2. Which one of the following is not a factor while grantingthe status of city to an area?(a) Population (b) Occupation of people (c)Density of population (d) Literacy

3. The exponent of the Marthandom Project:(a) S.K.Dey (b) Tagore(c) Spencer Hatch (d) Jawaharlal Nehru

4. Which Five Year Plan was based on Harrold DomarModel?(a) First (b) Second(c) Third (d) Fourth

5. Lead Bank Sheme was introduced by:(a) Narasimham Committee (b) Nariman Committee(c) Sarkaria Commission (d) Asok Mehta Committee

6. The most populous princely state in India at the time ofindependence:(a) Travancore (b) Kashmir(c) Hyderabad (d) Rajputana

7. Sir Ronald Ross was born at:(a) Mumbai (b) Kolkatta(c) Chennai (d) Almora

8. Firodia Awards related to the field of:(a) Cenema (b) Literature(c) Jouranalism (d) Science and Technology

9. The ancient city of Carthage was located in:(a) Egypt (b) Iraq(c) Tunisia (d) Israel

10.The quasi-federal nature of the Constitution of India wascopied from the Constitution of:(a) U.S.A. (b) Canada(c) South Africa (d) Britain

11.The award which is related to popularisation of science:(a) Kalinga Prize (b) Abel Prize(c) Oscar Award (d) Orange Prize

12.The only pro-term Speaker to become the Speaker ofLoksabha:(a) Somanath Chatterjee (b) Rabi Ray(c) Shivraj Pateel (d) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

13.What is known as ‘Nobel Prize in the field of Mathematics’:(a) Abel Prize (b) Bhatnagar Award(c) Magsaysay Award (d) Right Livelihood Award

14.The plant from which bio-diesel is obtained:(a) Ricinus (b) Jetropha(c) Hibiscus (d) Castor

15. Phalke Ratna Award is related to the field of:(a) Film (b) Fiction(c) Sports (d) Technology

16. Which one of the following awards are exclusively givento women?(a) Booker Prize (b) Orange Prize(c) Firodia Award (d) Jesse Owens Award

17. Nilgiri biosphere reserve is spread over three states. Whichone of the following is the one of these states?(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Karnataka

18. “Et tu, Brute” are the last words of:(a) Alexander the Great (b) Julius Caesar(c) Jesus Christ (d) Napoleon

19. Port Said is in:(a) Egypt (b) Iran(c) Turkey (d) Iraq

20. The country from which the makers of the constitution ofIreland copied ‘Directive Principles’:(a) India (b) Japan(c) Britain (d) Spanish Republic

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 9

Indian Polity1. The Lok Sabha must meet atleast ...... times in a year.:

Two2. The Monsoon session of Lok Sabha begins in the month

of: July3. The term of Lok Sabha is five years from the date .....:

appointed for its first meeting4. The longest of the three lists in the Seventh Schedule of

the Constitution: Union list5. The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Fi-

nance Minister in the name of the ......of India.: Presi-dent

6. The Winter session of Lok Sabha begins in the monthof: November

7. Motions of no confidence against the government canonly be introduced and passed in the......: Lok Sabha

8. The number of schedules in the Constitution of Indiawhen it was brought into force: 8

9. Anglo Indian representative in the Constituent Assem-bly: Frank Antony

10. Which party was represented by Sardar Hukkam Singh?Akalis

11. The south Indian state where President’s rule was im-posed for the first time: Andhra

12. Through how many methods a person can attain IndianCitizenship? 5

13. The State in India which has the largest number of LocalSelf Government Institutions: Uttar Pradesh

14. Speaker of Loksabha and ____have equal status ac-cording to Table of Precedence of India: The Chief Jus-tice of India

15. Who was the Prime Minister of India when the 73rd and74th Amendments of the Constitution were passed:Narasimha Rao

16. The Indian prime minister who abolished privy pursesthrough the 26th amendment of the Constitution: IndiraGandhi

17. The major source of revenue of the state governments:Sales Tax

18. The first Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission:Gulsarilal Nanda

19. The first mid-term poll in India was held in: 197120. The shortest of the three lists in the Seventh Schedule

of the Constitution: Concurrent21. The 8th Schedule of Indian Constitution recognises —

—— languages. 2222. The concept of Five Year Plan in India was introduced

by : Jawaharlal Nehru23. Which body gives the final approval for the draft of the

five year plans in India? National Development Council24. The region which was ceded from India in 1937 as per

the Government of India Act of 1935: Myanmar(Burma)25. The number of states formed as per the State

Reorganisation Act of 1956: 1426. In India at the time of election, polling starts at ….. in the

polling booths. 7 A.M.27. The normal tenure of Panchayats is: Five years28. “India, that is Bharat, shall be a union of States” occurs

in which of the following Articles of Indian Constitution?1

29. As a non-member who can participate to the proceed-ings of either House of Parliament? Attorney General

30. Who is called ‘Federal Ambassador’? President31. The most important session of Indian Parliament: Bud-

get session32. Which Article of the Indian Constitution is related to cre-

ation of abolition of Legislative Council of the State? 169

33. Who represented parsi community in the first meeting ofthe Constituent Assembly of India? H.P.Modi

34. What is known as the ‘Bible of English Constitution’?Magna Cart

35. Constitutional safeguards aganist arbitrary dismissal ofa member of civil service are embodied in Article —— ofthe Constitution of India: 311

36. The provision for the name, ‘Union of India’ was bor-rowed from the Constitution of: Canada

37. ...... refers to independence of the country in all its exter-nal and internal matters: Sovereignty

38. Fourteen Indian banks were nationalised in: 196939. The speaker of Lok Sabha submits his resignation to:

Deputy Speaker40. The parliament of...... is known as the ‘mother of all par-

liaments’: Britain41. The number of states formed in 1956 under the State

Reorganisation Act: 1442. Which Article of the Constitution is related to amenedment

procedure? 36843. Which Act passed by the British Parliament divided In-

dia and Pakistan? Indian Independence Act, 194744. Which Article provides that all minorities, whether based

on religion and language shall have the right to establishand administer educational institutions on their choice?30

45. The process of readjusting the representation of elec-toral constituencies is known as: Delimitation

46. Annual Financial statement is the other name of: Budget47. How many times a person can become the President of

India? No legal limitation48. The total number of electors in the Presidential Election:

77649. The total number of electors including MPs and MLAs

for the Presidential Election: 489650. The second chamber of the state legislature is known

as: Legislative Council51. Which Article is related to the power of the President to

issue ordinances? 12352. The strength of the council of ministers is .....% of the

total number of members. 1553. The cabinet system in India was influenced by the pat-

tern of: Britain54. What according to Ramsay Muir, the ‘steering wheel of

the ship of the state’? Cabinet55. “Federal Court of India’ was set up for the first time un-

der: Govt of India Act, 193556. The highest interpreter of the Constitution: Supreme

Court57. In Uttar Pradesh, the seat of High Court is: Allahabad58. Writs filed before the Supreme Court under Article ......

of the Constitution. 3259. The number of Supreme Court judges including Chief

Justice when the Constitution was brought into force: 860. The Judges of Supreme Court can be removed by: Par-

liament61. Under which Article of the Constitution a citizen can ap-

proach the High Court if he has been denied FundamentalRights: 226

62. The highest judicial body in India: Supreme Court63. Most powerful federal judicial court in the world is in:

India64. The minimum age prescribed for appointment as a judge

of High Court/Supreme Court: No prescribed age65. The Article of the Constitution related to Presidential ref-

erence: 143

66. The retiring age of the judge of Supreme Court: 6567. The first Chief Justice of India: Hiralal J Kania68. Who served for the longest period as the Chief Justice

of India: YV Chandrachud69. Who served for the shortest period as the Chief Justice

of India: KN Singh70. The number of judges in the Supreme Court including

Chief Justice: 2671. As per which Article the Supreme Court of India is treated

as a court of record? 12972. Writs filed before the High Court under Article ...... of the

Constitution. 22673. The ex-officio chairman of the Rules Committee: Speaker74. The number of members in the Rules Committee: 1575. Who headed the Constitution Review Committee ap-

pointed in 2000? MN Venkitachelliah76. The number of members in the Public Enterprises Com-

mittee: 1577. The normal tenure of Governor of a State is ...... years: 578. The minimum age prescribed to become the Governor

of a State: 3579. Who administers the oath of office of the Governor? Chief

Justice of High Court80. Advocate General is appointed by: Governor81. Who has the power to issue ordinances when the As-

sembly is not in session? Governor82. A Secretary of state for India was constituted for the first

time by: Govt of India Act, 185883. An element of popular participation in Legislative pro-

cess was introduced for the first time through the: IndianCouncils Act, 1861

84. Which Act first recognised the principle of election,through special cases? Indian Councils Act, 1909

85. The Indian independence Act was passed by: BritishParliament

86. When did Constituent Assembly met for the first time asa sovereign body for the dominion of India? 14th August1947

87. The Constituent Assembly had to draw up a Constitutionwithin the frame work of the: Cabinet Mission

88. The system of parliamentary democracy in India has beenmodelled on the system of: Britain

89. The most profound influence was exerted on the Consti-tution of India by: Govt of India Act, 1935

90. The Constitution of India describes India as a ...... ofStates. Union

91. Name the source of political power in India. The people92. The Constitution originally mentioned about ...... catego-

ries of states and territories. Four93. The number of states and union territories at the time of

commencement of the Constitution: 2994. What is the Indian name given to our country in Consti-

tution? Bharat95. Who has the power to form new state from the territory

of any state in India: Parliament96. The first state formed on linguistic basis in 1953: Andhra97. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, before being integrated with

India, were enclaves of: Portugal98. The Constitution gives ........ the power to regulate the

right of citizenship by law. Parliament99. The details regarding acquisition and termination of In-

dian Citizenship are enumerated in: Indian CitizenshipAct, 1955

100. How long a person has to reside in India before he orshe qualifies to acquire citizenship by registration? 5

10 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

1226. ‘Post mortem’ means:(a) after death (b) operation(c) surgical investigation(d) medical check up

1227. I_____ the boy from the deep well.(a) escaped (b) saved(c) am escaped (d) am saved

1228. The killing of one human being by another:(a) Suicide (b) Regicide(c) Homicide (d) Patricide

1229. Medical study of skin and its diseases:(a) Dermatology (b) Ophthalmology(c) Orthopaedics (d) Orthography

1230. I am angry, _____ ?(a) am I (b) aren’t I(c) Isn’t it (d) wasn’t it

1231. You pose as if you _____ the master of this house:(a) is (b) has(c) were (d) have

1232. Which one of the following is a correct plural form?(a) sisters in law (b) sister in law(c) sister in laws (d) sisters in laws

1233. Choose the word which best expresses the meaningof the word ‘Brief’:(a)Limited (b) Small(c) Little (d) Short

1234. Pick the correctly spelt word:(a) Exaggerate (b) Exagerate(c) Exeggerate (d) Exegerate

1235. Choose the opposite of ‘Debit’:(a)Loan (b) Advance(c) Credit (d) Deposit

1236. Choose the word which best expresses the meaningof the word ‘Vindicate’:(a) Open (b) Ventilate(c) Justify (d) Recommend

1237. He is indifferent alike ____ praise and blame:(a)in (b) for(c) about (d) to

1238. A secret agent on a specific mission:(a) Hedonist (b) Ambassador(c) Emissary (d) Prodigal

1239. The synonym of ‘frugal’:(a)Strong (b) Stingy(c) Tranquil (d) Extravagant

1240. The snake crept into a _____..(a) whole (b) holl(c) howl (d) hole

1241. _____ do you get up in the morning?(a) At what (b) When(c) What (d) Were

General English1242. Rumours _____ very fast.

(a) spread (b) spred(c) widespread (d) spreads

1243. Ten kilograms of rice _____ over two hundred rupees.(a) costs (b) coast(c) coasts (d) cost

1244. Monkeys enjoy _____ on the branches of tree.(a) swings (b) swinging(c) swing (d) Swung

1245. Don’t put your feet _____ the table.(a)on (b) in(c) at (d) over

1246. The union and management have been _____ eversince the management proposed issuing new contracts.(a)at loggerheads (b) at cross purposes(c) get in touch (d) fighting a losing battle

1247. The object in the sentence ‘I must get my shoesmended’ is:(a) must (b) get(c) my shoes (d) mended

1248. Dribble (Choose the word which is most nearly the samein meaning):(a) Speak fluently (b) Wet(c) Leak (d) Flow in drops

1249. The synonym of ‘Dextrous’’/Dexterous:(a) Skilful (b) Heavy(c) Huge (d) Stupid

1250. Our examination (be) over next week (Supply thecorrect form of the verb):(a) are (b) is(c) were (d) will be

1251. ‘Inadvertent’ means:(a)Unintentional (b) Interesting(c) Mindful (d) Involved

1252. There was some _____ between the member’s versionand the committee’s version.(a) discourse (b) discrepancy(c) certainty (d) recurrence

1253. The thief was on good terms with the police (Meaningof the underlined phrase):(a) Kept terms and conditions (b) Was friendly(c) Followed the rules (d) Agreed with them

1254. I know ____ well what you mean:(a) full (b) fully(c) fulsome (d) very full

1255. We thought ____ the matter.(a) in (b) about(c) upon (d) on

1256. Choose the word opposite in meaning to ‘ATTACK”:(a)Abuse (b) Offend(c) Defend (d) Defer

1257. A ___ of bees.(a)Fleet (b) Swarm(c) Crowd (d) Flock

1258. ‘Recreation’ is similar to:(a) Amusement (b) Encouragement(c) Happiness (d) Enthusiasm

1259. Dogs generally faithful ___ their master.(a) at (b) to(c) on (d) with

1260. This is the ____ monument in the city. It was constructedin 1850.(a) elder (b) older(c) eldest (d) oldest

1261. A person of good understanding knowledge andreasoning power:(a) Expert (b) Snob(c) Intellectual (d) Literate

1262. Select the correctly spelt word:(a) Hemorage (b) Haemorrhage(c) Heamorrhage (d) Haemarhage

1263. A gallery of _____.(a)pigs (b) rooms(c) pictures (d) fish

1264. At the traffic lights there were poor people ____ formoney.(a)urging (b) requesting(c) pleading (d) begging

1265. Boston is ____ the east coast of the United States:(a) with (b) by(c) at (d) on

1266. I want to buy ____ oranges.(a) some (b) any(c) one (d) ones

1267. The director pointed out in favour of the manager thatthe profitability of the plant had _____ since he tookover.(a) arisen (b) increased(c) declined (d) developed

1268. I like them very much. They have always been verynice ____ me.(a) of (b) for(c) to (d) with

1269. You go on ahead. I will soon catch up with you. Whatdo you mean by catch up with?(a)To get hold on (b) Reach the same place as(c) To have a catch (d) To take into custody of

1270. Feminine gender of ‘Tiger’:(a) Tigress (b) She tiger(c) He tiger (d) None of these

1271. Mice ____(a) squeak (b) growl(c) grunt (d) croak

1272. Find the misspelt word:(a)Culmination (b) Termination(c) Determination (d) Defination

1273. The word ‘Chaos’ means:(a) Complete disorder or confusion(b) Solitude(c) Revenge (d) Victory

1274. The letter is addressed ____ the Station Master.(a) of (b) to(c) on (d) at

1275. A person with full discretionary powers to act on behalfof a country:

(a) Ambassador (b) Emissary(c) Envoy (d) Plenipotentiary

Answers:1226(a) 1227(b) 1228(c) 1229(a) 1220(b) 1231(c) 1232(a)1233(d) 1234(a) 1235(c) 1236(c) 1237(d) 1238(c) 1239(b)1240(d) 1241(b) 1242(a) 1243(a)1244(b) 1245(a) 1246(a)1247(c) 1248(d) 1249(a) 1250(d)1251(a) 1252(b) 1253(b)1254(b) 1255(b)1256(c) 1257(b) 1258(a)1259(b) 1260(d)1261(c) 1262(b) 1263(c) 1264(d) 1265(d)1266(a) 1267(b)1268(c) 1269(b) 1270(a) 1271(a) 1272(d) 1273(a) 1274(b)1275(d)

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP AND PARTICULARS ABOUT THE PERIODICAL‘‘PSC BULLETIN’’ (FORTNIGHTLY) FORM IV (See Rule 8)

1. Place of Publication : THIRUVANANTHAPURAM2. Periodicity : Fortnightly3. Printer's Name : Saju George

(whether Citizen of India) : Indian(If foreigner, state the country of origin)Address : Secretary, Kerala Public Service Commission, Thiruvananthapuram

4. Publisher's Name : Saju George(Whether Citizen of India) : Indian(If foreigner, state the country of origin)Address : Secretary, Kerala Public Service Commission, Thiruvananthapuram

5. Editor's Name : Saju George(Whether Citizen of India) : Indian(If foreigner, state the country of origin)Address : Secretary,

Kerala Public Service Commission,Thiruvananthapuram

6. Owner’s Name (s),Particularsof the individual(s) of the firm joint Stock Company, : Saju GeorgeTrust, Co-operative Society, Associate which owns the Secretary, Kerala Public Service Commission,news periodical. ThiruvananthapuramI declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

(Sd/)Thiruvananthapuram Secretary,01 -0 3 - 2018 Kerala Public Service Commission, Thiruvananthapuram

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 11

kky-im-kv-Xw-

1. ]Im-iØn-\p-t\sc hfcp-∂Xn-\p-≈ kky-ßfp-sS]hWXbm-Wv-:(F)Pntbm-Sn-∏n-kw- (_n) t^m-t´m-tSm-∏n-kw-(kn) Io-tam-tSm-∏n-kw- (Un) Chsbm-∂p-a√

2. s\¬-Ir-jn-°v- G‰hpw- A\p-tbm-Py-am-b aÆv-:(F)em-‰ssd‰v- (_n) sNΩÆv-(kn) F°¬-aÆv- (Un) Icn-aÆv-

3. ]p-jv-]n-®m¬- hn-fhv- Ip-dbp-∂ kkyw-:

(F)s\√v- (_n) a™ƒ-(kn) Icn-ºv- (Un) Gew-

4.- t¢m-tdm-πm-kv-‰n-s‚ \n-dw-:(F) Np-h∏v- (_n) shfp-∏v-(kn) \o-e (Un) ]®

5.- tIm-iØn-se BfllXym-k©n- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv:(F)ssat‰m-tIm¨-Un-b (_n) t^\w-(kn) \yq-¢n-bkv- (Un)ssetkm-tkmw-

6.- amw-ky- kw-t«jWØn-\v- klm-bn-°p-∂ tIm-imw-Kw:(F)\yq-¢n-bkv- (_n)ssat‰m-tIm -Un-b(kn) t^\w- (Un)ssdt_m-tkmw-

7.- GXn-s‚ kky-im-kv-X\m-aam-Wv- tIm-t°m-kv- \yq-kn-s^d?-(F)Iap-Iv- (_n) sXßv-(kn) ]\ (Un) th∏v-

8.- Ieym¨-tkm-W,- tkm-Wm-en-I F∂n-h GXv- hn-fbp-sS C\ßfm-Wv?-(F)tKm-Xºv- (_n) s\√v-(kn) tNm-fw- (Un) Icn-ºv-

9.- A¥co-£Øn¬-\n-∂v- Cu¿-∏w- t\cn-´v- BKn-cWw-sNøp-∂ kkyw-:(F) achm-g (_n) s\∏¥kv-(kn) ssIX (Un) Iayq-Wn-kv-‰v- ]®

10.- ap-fIn-s‚ Fcn-hn-\v- Im-cWam-bXv-:(F)bq-Pn-t\mƒ- (_n) dn-k¿-ss]≥-(kn) sk¿-∏ss‚≥- (Un) Im-]v-kkn≥-

11.- G‰hpw- hen-b Hm--j[n-:(F)Xp-º (_n) achm-g(kn) hm-g (Un) tNºv-

12.- G‰hpw- sNdn-b ]q-hv-:(F)d^v-fo-jy- (_n)hqƒ-- n-b(kn) _m¬-kw- (Un) Bº¬-

13.- πm-hn-s‚ P∑tZiw-:(F)sX°p-In-gt° Gjy- (_n) B^n-°(kn) Hm-kv-tSen-b (Un) Atacn-°

14.- "C¥y≥- Cu-¥∏gw'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F) ]∏m-b (_n) ]p-fn-(kn) ]\ (Un) t]c

15.- ssIX®° C¥y-bn-te°v- sIm-≠p-h∂Xv-:(F) U®p-Im¿- (_n) t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-(kn) ^©p-Im¿- (Un) _n-´o-jp-Im¿-

16.- Cetbm- thtcm- C√m-Ø kkyw-:(F)aq-Sn-√m-Øm-fn- (_n) ss]\kv-(kn) achm-g (Un) ssIX

17.- ss\SP≥- ^n-Iv-tkj\v- klm-bn-°p-∂ kkyw-:(F)]b¿- (_n) tKm-Xºv-(kn) s\√v- (Un) X°m-fn--

18.- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- thKØn¬- hfcp-∂ kkyw-:(F) bq-°m-en-]v-‰kv- (_n) s\√v-

(kn) hm-g (Un) aq-Sn-√m-Øm-fn-19.- ap-¥n-cn-Ir-jn-bp-am-bn- _‘s∏´ ]Zw-:

(F)Ghn-Iƒ-®¿- (_n) hn-‰n-Iƒ-®¿-(kn) v-tfm-dn-Iƒ-®¿- (Un) F]n- Iƒ-®¿-

20.- ssZhßfp-sS XSn- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F) tX°v- (_n) tZhZm-cp-(kn) Cu-´n- (Un) sXßv-

21.- tIm¿-°v- e`n-°p-∂Xv- GXn¬-\n-∂m-Wv?-(F)Hm-°v- (_n) ^n¿-(kn) ss]\kv- (Un) BhW°v-

22.- a\p-jy≥- D]tbm-Kn-® BZy-sØ kp-K‘ hy-Rv-P\w:(F) Ip-¶p-aw- (_n) Ip-cp-ap-fIv-(kn) Gew- (Un) Idp-h∏´

23.- dn-k¿-ss∏≥- e`n-°p-∂Xv- GXn¬- \n-∂m-Wv?-(F)k¿-∏K‘n- (_n) ihw-\m-dn-(kn) th∏v- (Un) Xp-º

24.- ]m-tam-bn-en¬- ASßn-bn-cn-°p-∂ Bkn-Uv-:(F) ]m¬-an-‰n-Iv- Bkn-Uv- (_n)kn-Sn-Iv- Bkn-Uv-(kn) am-en-Iv- Bkn-Uv- (Un) em-Iv-Sn-Iv- Bkn-Uv-

25.- "jq- ^v-fh¿'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F)Xm-ac (_n) ap-√(kn) sNºcØn- (Un) ]n-®n-

26.- Im-∏n-bn¬- ASßn-bn-cn-°p-∂ B¬-°tem-bv-Uv-:(F)I^o≥- (_n) dn-k¿-ss∏≥-(kn) sk¿-∏ss‚≥- (Un) Izn-ss\≥-

27.- t]cbp-sS P∑tZiw-:(F)ssN\ (_n) Hm-kv-tSen-b(kn) Atacn-° (Un) B^n-°

28.- sdbn¬-sh …o-t∏gv-kv- \n¿-Ωn-°p-∂Xn-\v- D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv-:(F)km¬- (_n) tZhZm-cp-(kn) (F) bpw- (_n-)bpw- (Un) hn-t√m-

29.- "F√m- tcm-K߃-°pw- FXn-scbp-≈ H‰aq-en'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F)]∏m-b (_n) s\√n-°(kn) aƒ-s_dn- (Un) th∏v-

30.- ]bdp-h¿-KØn-se GXv- kky-am-Wv- G‰hpw- hym-]Iam-bn- Ir-jn-sNøs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F)\n-e°Se (_n) tkm-bm-_o≥-(kn) Dgp-∂v- (Un) _o≥-kv-

31.- Hcp-Im-eØv- K¿-`On-ZØn-\v- D]tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂ ew:(F) kt∏m-´ (_n) ]∏m-b(kn) en-®n- (Un) aƒ-s_dn-

32.- Im-∏n-bp-sS D]tbm-K tbm-Ky-am-b `m-Kw-:(F)hn-Øv- (_n) Im-fiw-(kn) Ce (Un) ]q-hv-

33.- tem-IØn-se G‰hpw- hen-b acam-b P\d¬- sj¿-am≥- GXv- hn-`m-KØn¬-s]Sp-∂Xm-Wv?-(F) skIz-b (_n) tX°v-(kn) Cu-´n- (Un) alm-KWn-

34.- _m-®n-tegv-kv- _´¨- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F) kq-cy-Im-¥n- (_n) ap-√

(kn) tIm¨-^v-fh¿- (Un) s_m-Kbn≥-hn-√35.- kky-ßfp-sS ]Xyp¬-]Z\m-hbhw-:

(F)thcv- (_n) Ce(kn) Im-fiw- (Un) ]q-hv-

36.- aÆn-√m-sX Ir-jn- \SØp-∂ co-Xn-:(F)ssltUm-t]m-Wn-Iv-kv-(_n) AtKm-kv-t‰m-fMn-(kn) sSdm-^m-an-Mv-(Un) Pq-an-Mv-

37.- kky-im-kv-XØn-s‚ ]n-Xm-hv-:(F) Xn-tbm-t^m-kv-‰kv- (_n) sP kn- t_m-kv-(kn) Acn-kv-t‰m-´n¬- (Un) tdm-_¿-´v- lp-°v-

38.- ]q-°ƒ-°v- a™\n-dw- ]Icp-∂Xv-:(F)kmt¥m- n¬- (_n) Bt¥m-kbm-\n≥-(kn) _o-‰m-kbm-\n≥- (Un) lo-tam-t•m-_n≥-

39.- Hcp- Ce am-Xap-≈ kkyw-:(F)tNºv- (_n) tN\

(kn) hm-g (Un) achm-g40.- tIm-iw- I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv-:

(F)tdm-_¿-´v- lp-°v- (_n) sP kn- t_m-kv-(kn) Keo-en-tbm- (Un) Chsbm-∂p-a√

41.- tIm-iØn-s‚ BIr-Xn- \n-e\n¿-Øp-∂Xn¬- ][m-\]¶p-hln-°p-∂Xv.-(F)\yq-¢n-bkv- (_n) A¥¿-Zhy- Pm-en-I(kn) ssdt_m-tkmw- (Un) ssetkm-tkmw-

42.- ]cm-KWØn-\v- agsb Bibn-°p-∂ kkyw-:(F)Ip-cp-ap-fIv- (_n) Gew-(kn) s\√v- (Un) tKm-Xºv-

43.- t¢m-tdm-^n-en¬- ASßn-bn-cn-°p-∂ tem-lw-(F)Im-’yw- (_n) kn-¶v-(kn) a·o-jyw- (Un) s]m-´m-kyw-

44.- GXv- ap-tJ\bp-≈ ]cm-KWam-Wv- F‚tam-^n-en?-(F)]£n-Iƒ- (_n) ar-K߃-(kn) ]m-Wn-Iƒ- (Un) Im-‰v-

45.- ]gßsf°p-dn-®p-≈ ]T\w-:(F)sskt‰m-fPn- (_n) sU≥-tUm-fPn-(kn) ssSt°m-fPn- (Un) t]m-tam-fPn-

46.- hm¿-jn-I hbeßfp-sS klm-btØm-sS Hcp- kky-Øn-s‚....-.............- IW°m-°m≥- Ign-bpw.-(F) Dbcw- (_n) Po-\kv-(kn) hn-fhv- (Un) ]m-bw-

47.- Po-≥- F∂ hm-°n-s‚ D]⁄m-Xm-hv-(F) Kn-K¿- sa≥-U¬- (_n) em-am¿-°v-(kn) sPm-lm≥-k¨- (Un) t_‰v-k¨-

48.- GXn-s‚ kky-im-kv-X\m-aam-Wv- Ac° It‰®p?-(F) ]\ (_n) Iap-Iv-(kn) sXßv- (Un) th∏v-

49.- s]bn-t‚gv-kv- ]m-e‰v- (Nn-XIm-cs‚ Xfn-I)- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F)B¥q-dn-bw- (_n) Xm-ac(kn) Bº¬- (Un) kq-cy-Im-¥n-

50.- GXn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- S¿s-]ss‚≥- e`n-°p-∂Xv:-(F) tX°v- (_n) BhW°v-(kn) ss]\kv- (Un) ap-f

Answers1(b) 2(c) 3(c) 4(d) 5(d) 6(d) 7(b) 8(a) 9(a) 10(d) 11(c) 12(b)13(a) 14(b) 15(b) 16(a) 17(a) 18(a) 19(b) 20(b) 21(a) 22(d)23(a) 24(a) 25(c) 26(a) 27(c) 28(c) 29(d) 30(b) 31(b) 32(a)33(a) 34(c) 35(d) 36(a) 37(a) 38(a) 39(b) 40(a) 41(b) 42(a)43(c) 44(c) 45(d) 46(d) 47(c) 48(b) 49(a) 50(c).

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

C¥y≥kwÿm\ßfpw]tXyIXIfpwF√m- ]-co-£-I-fn-epw- ÿm-\w- ]n-Sn-°p-∂- tNm-Zy-am-Wv- G-sX-¶n-epw-kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS- ]-tXy-I-X- A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈- tNm-Zy-߃.-A-Ø-cw- h-kv-Xp-X-I-sf- k-a-K-am-bn- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s‚-B-Zy- `m-K-am-W-nXv.B¿.kn.-kp-tc-jvIp-am¿ rcsk1234@gmail.com 9447006221

2

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- ]-kn-U-‚p- -c-Ww- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\-am-Wv- ]-©m-_v- .-1951˛¬- tKm-]o-N-µv- `m¿-K-h- a-¥n-k-`- \n-ew-]-Xn-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂m-bn-cp-∂p-]-kn-U-‚p- -c-Ww- (F-∂m¬,- q-cn-]-£-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n- pw- -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- A-\p-t—-Zw- 356 ]-tbm-Kn-®v- a-¥n-k-`-sb-B-Zy-am-bn- ]n-cn-®p-hn-´-Xv- 1959˛¬- tI-c-f-Øn-em-Wv-).-

*- -I¿-j-I¿-°v- tkm-bn¬- sl¬-Øv- Im¿-Uv- \¬-In-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -kn-Jv- a-X-ÿ¿-°v- `q-cn-]-£-ap-≈- G-I- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- C-˛-]-©m-b-Øv- kw-ÿm-\w- ]-©m-_m-Wv.-

*- -F-√m- Km-a-ß-fn-se-bpw- hn-h-c-߃- Hm-¨-sse-\m-bn-\¬-Ip-∂- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- ]-©m-_m-Wv.-

*- i-X-am-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- h-\w- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hp-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (hn-kv-Xo¿-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hv- l-cn-bm-\-bn¬-).-

*- hn-t\m-Z- k-©m-c-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v- C-¥y- C-hn-sS- Xp-S-ßp-∂p- F-∂- ]-c-ky-hm-Iyw- kzo-I-cn-®n- p-≈- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- ]-Xn-io¿-j- ]m¬- e-`y-X- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Kp-c-pZzmcIfp≈ kwÿm\w.

cmPÿm≥* C¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- a-cp- ]-tZ-i-ap-≈- kw-ÿm-

\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- 1959˛¬- ]-©m-b-Øv- cm-Pv- \-S-∏m-

°n-b- kw-ÿm-\w- (Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn¬- C-Xv- B-Zy-am-

bn- \-S-∏m-°n-b-Xv- (1959)- B-‘m-]-tZ-in-em-Wv-)-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- I-c-_-‘n-X- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn¬- ]-ip- kw-_-‘-am-bn- ]-tXy-I- h-Ip-∏v- B-

cw-`n-®- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-*- -Im-‰n-s‚- -e-am-bp-≠m-Ip-∂- A-]-c-Z-\w- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-

X¬- \-S-°p-∂- kw-ÿm-\w.- -*- -tIƒ-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-i-\-nbaw (Right to hear) sIm-

≠p-h-∂- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- C-≥em-≥Uv- k-sse-≥

sh-‰v- tk-m-bn¬ (inland saline wetland) D≈- kw-ÿm-\w- cm-P-ÿm-\m-Wv.-

*- X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-te-°v- a-’-cn-°p-∂-ÿm-\m¿-Yn-Iƒ-°v- hn-Zym- ym-k- tbm-Ky-X- (]-Ømw- ¢m-kv-)- \n¿-_-‘n-X-am-°n-b- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-te-°v- a-’-cn-°p-∂-ÿm-\m¿-Yn-I-fp-sS- ho-´n¬- tSm-bv-e-‰v- D-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂- hy-h-ÿ- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Nq-Sv- A-\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -km-º-Øn-I- ]n-∂m-°- hn- m-K-߃-°v- 15 i-X-am-\w- kw-h-c-Ww- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ 2015˛¬- Xo-cp-am-\n-®- C-¥y-≥kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -sU-k¿- v- tkm-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -]m¿-´v- ssSw- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- an-\n-aw- th-X-\w- sIm-≠p-h-∂- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (2016).-

*- -ko-th-Pv- B-≥Uv- th-Ãv- hm-´¿- t]m-fn-kn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-(2016).-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-≥In-S- tIm- -Iƒ- D-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -\n-b-a-k-`-bn-se- i-≤- £-Wn-°¬,- A-Sn-b-¥-c- ]-ta-bw- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- Hm-¨-sse-≥ kw-hn-[m-\w- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w- cm-P-ÿm-\m-Wv.-

kn°nw*- -C-¥y-bn¬- C-cp-]-Øn-c-≠m-a-Xm-bn- cq-]w-sIm-≠- kw-

ÿm-\w.-*- -G-‰-hpw- P-\-kw-Jy- Ip-d-™- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-*- -\n-b-a-k-`mw-K-ß-fp-sS- F-Æw- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- C-¥y-

≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (32)-*- -A-tkm-kn-tb-‰v- tÃ-‰v- ]-Z-hn-bp-≠m- bn-cp-∂- C-

¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-*- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-®v- tZ-

io-b- ]m-X-bp-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- I-c-_-‘n-X- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- - \ n -b - a -k - ` -bn¬- k-∂ym-kn- ]-Xn-\n-[n-°v- H-cp-ko-‰v- kw-h-c-Ww- sN-

HUnj* ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS- ]-k-c-W-hpw- hn-X-c-W-hpw- kz-Im-cy-

h¬-°-cn-®- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-*- -k¿-°m¿- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- C-˛-t]-bv-sa-‚ v- h-gn- i-º-f-

hpw- s]-≥j-\pw- \¬-Ip-∂- kw-hn-[m-\w- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -2013 ˛¬- tI-µ- k¿-°m¿- tem-Im-bp-‡- _n¬- ]m-km-°n-b-ti-jw,- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bpw- a-¥n-am-cpw- Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈- D-∂-X-]-Z-hn-I-fn-en-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- A-gn-a-Xn-°p-‰w-A-t\z-jn-°m-≥ A-[n-Im-c-s∏-´- tem-Im-bp-‡-bp-sS- \n-b-a-\-Øn-\m-bn- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww- \-S-Øn-b- B-Zy-sØ-kw-ÿm-\w- (2014)- H-Un-j-bm-Wv.-

*- -D-Xv-I-ew- F-∂- t]-cn¬- C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- Km-\-Øn¬-]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- ]-tZ-iw.-

*- -]m-No-\-Im-e-Øv- I-enw-Kw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂- ]-tZ-iw.

]©m_v* Im¿jnI BZmb \nIpXn G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb- B-Zy- C-

¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-*- -h-f-Øn-s‚- ]-Xn-io¿-j- D-]-tbm-K-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- ap-∂n-

ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 13

bv-Xn-´p-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -t\-∏m-fn- `m-j- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-h¿- `q-cn-]-£-am-b- G-I-

C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- Hm¿-Km-\n-Iv- kw-ÿm-\w.-*- -ap-…n-߃- F-Æ-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hp-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-

ÿm-\w.-

Xangv\mSv* C-¥y-bp-sS- G-‰-hpw- sX-t°-b-‰-sØ- kw-ÿm-\w- (F-

∂m¬- G-‰-hpw- sX-t°-b-‰-Øp-≈- X-e-ÿm-\w- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-am-Wv-)-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ta-P¿- Xp-d-ap-J-ß-fp-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (sN-ss∂,- Xq-Øp-°p-Sn,- F-Æq¿-)-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- \-K-c-ß-fp-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -\-thm-Z-b- hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn-√m-Ø- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-*- -tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Ko-≥ se-Pn-t…-®¿- _n¬-Unw-

Kv- (]-cn-ÿn-Xn- ku-lr-Z- A-kw-ªn- a-µn-cw-)- ÿm-]n-®-C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (F-∂m¬- Cu- a-µn-cw- ]n-∂o-Sv- B-ip-]-Xn-bm-°n-).-

*- -H-cp- cq-]-bv-°v- H-cp- In-tem- A-cn- ]-≤-Xn- \-S-∏m-°n-b-B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\- tP-Xm-hn-s\- (kn.-hn.- cm-a-≥)- kw-`m-h-\- sN-bv-X- B-Zy- sX-t°- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (_n-

´o-jv- C-¥y-bp-sS- `m-K-am-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ- 1930˛¬-).-*- -hn-h-cm-h-Im-i- \n-b-aw- ]m-km-°n-b- B-Zy-sØ- C-¥y-

≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (1997).-*- -2003˛¬- H-cp- e-£-tØm-fw- k¿-°m¿- Po-h-\-°m-sc- H-‰-

b-Sn-°v- k¿-ho-kn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-cn-®p-hn- p-sIm-≠v- D-Ø-c-hn-d-°n-b- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -h-S-°p-]-Sn-™m-d-≥ a-¨-kq-Wn¬-\n-∂v- a-g- e-`n-°p-∂-B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -]m-Wv-Uy,- tNm-f,- ]-√-h- cm-P-hw-i-߃- -c-Ww- \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂- ]-tZ-i-߃- ]-[m-\-am-bpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -A-Ω-sØm-´n¬- ]-≤-Xn- B-cw-`n-®- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -Xn-`m-jm- ]-≤-Xn- (Cw-•n-jv,- ln-µn,- ]m-tZ-in-I- `m-j-)-\-S-∏n¬-h-cp-Øm-Ø- kw-ÿm-\w- X-an-gv-\m-Sm-Wv.- kn.-F-≥.-A-Æm-Zp-ssc-bp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p- C-Xn-\v- Im-c-Ww.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- P-\-kw-Jy- Iq-Sn-b- sX-t°- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- X-an-gv-\m-Sm-Wv.- B-‘m- ]-tZ-in-s\- hn-`-Pn-®v- sX-e-¶m-\- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®-tXm-sS-bm-Wv- X-an-gv-\m-Sn-\v- Cu- ÿm-\w- e-`n-®-Xv.-

*- -H-cp- `m-K-Øv- ]-›n-a-L-´-hpw- a-dp-`m-K-Øv- ]q¿-h-L-´-hpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- G-I- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn¬- h-tµ-am-X-cw- \n¿-_-‘n-X-am-°n-b- kw-ÿm-\w- (2017).-

sXe¶m\* C¥ybnse 29˛masØ kwÿm\w.* B‘m]tZiv hn`Pn®v cq]w \¬Inb kwÿm\w* sXt° C¥ybnse GI Ic_‘nX kwÿm\w.* IS¬Øocan√mØ GI sXt° C¥y≥ kwÿm\w* Pbn¬∏p-≈n-Isf kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-aXn In´m≥

B[m¿ Im¿Uv \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°nb kw-ÿm-\w.* `n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-h¿°mbn sF.-Sn.-]m¿°v ÿm]n®

BZy kwÿm-\w.* _ncpZ Xe-Ø-n¬ sP≥U¿ FU-yq-t°-j≥ \n¿_-

‘nX-am-°nb BZy C¥-y≥ kwÿm-\w.-* ssUhnßv ssek≥kv, cPn-kvtS-j≥ k¿´n- n-°‰v

XpS-ßn-b-hbv°v samss_¬ hme‰v kwhn-[m\wG¿s∏-Sp-Ønb kwÿm-\w

* Z£n-tW-¥y-bnse BZysØ Nn¬U≥kv tIm¿´v(ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv) ÿm]n-® kwÿm\w (2016).-

* Ddp-Zp-hn\v c≠mw HutZym-KnI `mjm ]Zhn \¬InbZ£n-tW-¥y≥ kwÿm-\w.

Xn]pc*- -aq-∂p-h-i-hpw- _w-•m-tZ-in-\m¬-Np-‰-s∏- p-In- S -

°p-∂- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-*- -h-S-°p- In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-

bn¬- I-ayp -Wn -Ãv -]m¿-´n- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬- h-∂- G-I- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -h-S-°p- In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- k-]v-X-tkm -Z -cn -am¿ -F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Ip-d-™-kw-ÿm-\w.-

DØ¿]tZiv*- -C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- P-\-kw-Jy-Iq-Sn-b-

Xv-*- -_-lv-a¿-jn-tZ-iw,-a-[y-tZ-iw- F-∂o-t]-cp-I-fn¬- ]m-No-

\-Im-e-Øv- A-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -B-cym-h¿-Ø-sa-∂v- A-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂- ]-tZ-iw-*- -C-¥y-bp-sS-]-©-km-c-°n-Æw-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm-

\w-*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-am-bn- (8)- A-Xn¿-Øn-

]-¶n-Sp-∂- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Uv,- ln-am-N¬- ]-tZ-iv,- l-cn-bm-\,- cm-P-ÿm-≥,- a-[y-]-tZ-iv,-O-Øn-kv-K-Vv,- Pm¿-J-Wv-Uv,- _n-lm¿- F-∂o- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-am-bpw- tI-µ-`-c-W- ]-tZ-i-am-b- U¬-ln-bp-am-bpw- D-Ø¿- ]-tZ-iv- A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂p-)-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- tZ-io-b- kv-am-c-I-ß-fp-≈- C-¥y-≥kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-∂p-Im-en-Iƒ- D-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -tem-I-Øv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-P-\-kw-Jy-bp-≈- k-_¿-_-

≥ F-‚n-‰-n (sub

national entity) (tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww-Iq-Sn-b- k-_v- \m-j-W¬- F-‚n-‰n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- d-jy-bn-se- km-Jm- dn-∏-ªn-°m-Wv-).-

*- -]-´n-I-Pm-Xn- P-\-kw-Jy- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- tem-Iv-k- -bn¬- ]- n-I-Pm-Xn-°m¿-°m-bn- kw-h-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂- ko-‰p-I-fp-sS- F-Æw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- tZ-io-b- ]m-X-Iƒ- I-S-∂p- t]m-Ip-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -tZ-io-b- ]m-X-I-fp-sS- ssZ¿-Ly-Øn¬- H-∂mw- ÿm-\-ap-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- A¿-_-≥ tdm-Uv- s\-‰v-h¿-°p-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- A-kw-ªn,-e-Pn-t…-‰o-hv-Iu-¨-kn¬,- tem-Iv-k-`m,- cm-Py-k-`m- ko-‰p-Iƒ- D-≈-kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- sN-dp-In-S- hy-h-km-b- bq-Wn-‰p-Iƒ- D-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-t√-Pp-Iƒ- D-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-am-sc- kw-`m-h-\- sN-bv-X- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- A-ÿn-c- k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ- -c-Ww- \-S-Øn-b- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- ap-Jy-a-¥n- A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰- kw-ÿm-\w- (1963)-

*- -ap-…n-߃- F-Æ-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- C-¥y-≥kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -1857˛-se- hn-π-h-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-em-]- tI-µ-߃- ÿn-Xn- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- hm¿-[-Iy- Im-e- s]-≥j-≥ \-S-∏n-em-°n-b- kw-ÿm-\w- (1957).-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- F-Æ-°p-cp-°ƒ- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-kw-ÿm-\w.-

DØcmJWvUv*- -C-¥y-≥ bq-Wn-b-\n-

se- 27˛m-a-sØ- kw-ÿm-\-am-Wv- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Uv- 2000 \-hw-_¿- H-º-Xn-\v- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂p.-

*- -tZ-h- q-an-sb-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp -∂- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -a-Wn-tbm¿-U¿- k-º-Zv-hy-h-ÿ- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- k-º-Zv- hy-h-ÿ-bp-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -Nn-]v-tIm- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- P-∑-tZ-iw-*- -kw-kv-Ir-X-Øn-\v- c-≠mw- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- m-j- F-∂- ]-Z-

hn- \¬-Im-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w.-*- -I-©m-hv- Ir-jn- \n-b-a-hn-t[-b-am-°m-≥ \o-°w- \-S-Øn-

b- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w- (2015).-

]›na _wKmƒ*- -H-cp- m-K-Øv- ln-am-e-b-hpw- a-dp-

`m-K-Øv- k-ap-Z-hp-ap-≈- G-I- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-In-b-bn-eq-sS-Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- -c-W-Iq-Sw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- `-c-Ww- \-S-Øn-b- ]-tZ-iw- (1977˛-2011)-

*- -F.-Un.-F- mw- i-X-I-Øn¬- Ku-U- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv-

*- -kn-°n-ap-am-bn- A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂- G-I- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -H-cp- `m-K-Øv-]q¿-h-L-´-hpw- a-dp- m-K-Øv- ln-a m - e - b -hpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- G-I - C -¥y -≥kw-ÿm-\w.-

14 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

amƒh ]oT`qanbpsScmjvSob˛kmwkvImcnIXeÿm\w

1.- -Po-h-Im-cp-Wy-\n-cq-]-Ww- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- N-´-ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ-2.- -aw-K-tfm-Z-b-Øn-s‚- ]q-^v- do-U-dm-bn-cp-∂- \-thm-∞m-

\- t\-Xm-hv-˛- hn.-Sn.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-3.- -Pn-˛-20 ¬- Aw-K-Xz-ap-≈- G-I- sX-°-t\-jy-≥ cm-Pyw-˛-

C-¥y-4.- -Cu-tdmw- jm-\p- j¿-an-f- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øp-\n-∂p-

≈- k-a-c-\m-bn-I-bm-Wv-˛- a-Wn-∏q¿-5.- -C-µp-te-J- F-∂- t\m-h-en-se- \m-b-I-≥˛-am-[-h-≥6.- -sX-t°- C-¥y-bn-se- a-e-\n-c-I-fp-sS- dm-Wn- F-∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛-Du-´n-7.- -t\-¥-≥,- G-Ø-≥ F-∂n-h- G-Xv- hn-f-bp-sS- C-\-ß-fm-

Wv- ˛-hm-g-8.- -t\¿-∏- F-∂- k-_v-a-ssd-≥ C-¥y-°v- \¬-In-b-Xv- d-jy-

bm-Wv.- t\¿-∏-bp-sS- ]p-Xn-b- t]-cv-˛- sF-F-≥F-kv- N-I-

9.- -t\m¿-Øv- t_mw-s_-bn¬-\n-∂v- 1957˛¬- tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-am-b- a-e-bm-fn-˛-hn.-sI.- Ir-jv-W-ta-t\m-≥

10.- -t]mƒ- thmƒ-´n-se- hn-kv-a-b-Xm-c-am-b- sk¿-Pn- _q-_v-I- G-Xv- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-Wv-˛-D-I-bn-≥

11.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- H-Sp-hn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- F-kv-F-≥Un-]n- tbm-Kw- hm¿-jn-Im-tLm-jw- \-S-∂- ÿ-ew-˛- ]-≈p-cp-Øn-

12.- -Sm-tKm-dn-s‚- tI-c-f- k-µ¿-i-\-th-f-bn¬- A-t±-l-sØ-]-Io¿-Øn-®v- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥ c-Nn-®- Zn-hy-tIm-In-ew- B-e-]n-®-Xm-cv-˛- kn.-tI-i-h-≥

13.- -tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- H-gp-Ip-∂- F.-Sn.-Fw.- kv-Ym-]n-®-Xv-˛- tÃ-‰v- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y-

14.- -F-√m-h¿-j-hpw- tem-I- hn-I-k-\- dn-t∏m¿-´v- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- tem-I-_m-¶v-

15.- - m-jm-t]m-jn-Wn- G-Xv- Kq-∏n-s‚- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-Wv-˛- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-

16.- -`m-c-X-c-Xv-\-bv-°v- A¿-l-\m-b- B-Zy- kn-\n-am-Xm-cw-(1988)-˛-Fw-Pn-B¿-

17.- -`q-a-[y-tc-J-bv-°v- k-ao-]-ap-≈- tem- ]-j¿- s_¬-‰p-I-fp-sS- t]-cv-˛- tUmƒ-Uw-kv-

18.- -`-K-h-Xv-Ko-X- G-Xn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv-˛- a-lm-`m-c-Xw-19.- -`m-c-Xo-b- hn-Zym- -h-≥ ayq-kn-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-D-÷-

bn-\n-20.- -1933˛¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- ]-kn-U-‚m-b- h-\n-X- s\-√n-˛-

sk-≥ Kp-]v-X-21.- -B-sc- k-µ¿-in-®-ti-j-am-Wv- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- ap-\n-

N-cy-]-©-Iw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- c-a-W- a-l¿-jn-22.- -P-e-k-l-I-c-W- h¿-j-am-bn- B-N-cn-®-Xv-˛-201323.- -G-sXm-s°- \-Zn-I-fn-se- P-ew- ]-¶p-h-bv-°m-\m-Wv- C-

¥y-bpw- t\-∏m-fpw- X-Ωn¬- [m-c-W-bp-≈-Xv-˛- tIm-kn,-K-‘-Iv-

24.- -ssN-\-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- _-ln-cm-Im-i- k-©m-cn-˛- en-bp- b-Mv-

25.- -a-e-bm-fw- k¿-h-I-em-im-e- B-cp-sS- t]-cn-em-Wv- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- - Xp-©-Øv- cm-am-\p-P-≥ F-gp-Ø-—-≥

26.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- tk-h-\- A-h-Im-i-\n-b-aw- \n-e-hn¬- h-∂- Xo-b-Xn-˛- 2012 \-hw-_¿- 1

27.- -cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- in¬-]-\-K-c-am-bn- 2012 Pq-Wn¬-]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-´- \-K-cw-˛- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

28.- -`q-Im-Wv-T-Øn¬- B-lm-cw- ti-J-cn-®p-h-bv-°p-∂- kp-K-‘-hy-Rv-P-\w-˛-a-™ƒ-

29.- -]-[m-\- t\-Xm-°ƒ- A-d-Ãn-em-b-Xn-\m¬- A-cp-W- A-k-^v- A-en,-P-b-]-Im-iv- \m-cm-b-¨,-A-Nyp-Xv- ]-Sv-h¿-[-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv- G-Xv- k-a-c-Øn-\m-Wv-˛-Izn-‰n-¥ym-k-a-cw-

30.- -]-i-kv-X- Im¿-´q-Wn-Ãv- tb-ip-Zm-k-≥ G-Xv- ]-X-Øn-em-Wv- h-c-®n-cp-∂-Xv-˛- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-

31.- -`o-a-≥ G-Xv- Ir-Xn-bn-se- I-Ym-]m-X-am-Wv- - a-lm- m-c-Xw-32.- -`m¿-K-ho-\n-e-bw- F-∂- kn-\n-a-bv-°v- B-[m-c-am-b- \o-

e-sh-fn-®w- F-∂- I-Y- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv-˛-ssh-°w- ap-l-Ω-Zv- _-jo¿-

33.- -]-i-kv-X- t\m-h-en-Ãv- B¿-X¿- sI-Ãv-e¿- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv-˛-lw-K-dn-

34.- -]m-No-\- C-¥y-bn-se- G-Xv- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-s‚- kv-a-c-Wm¿-Y-am-Wv- a-[y-]-tZ-iv- k¿-°m¿- D-÷-bn-\n-bn¬- A-°m-Z-an- ÿm-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv- ˛- Im-fn-Zm-k-≥

35.- -`-K-hm-≥ Ir-jv-W-≥ P-\n-®- ÿ-ew-˛-a-Yp-c-36.- - m-c-Xo-b- P-\-Xm-]m¿- n-bp-sS- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- Nn-”w- -Xm-

a-c-37.- -1923˛¬- a-®v-en-]-´-W-Øn¬- B-‘- _m-¶v- ÿm-]n-®-

Xm-cv-˛-]-´m-`n- ko-Xm-cm-a-ø-38.- -1935se- C-¥ym- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- \n-b-aw- ]m-km-°n-b-Xv-G-

Xv- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv-˛-hn-√n-Mv-S-¨- ]-`p-39.- -`q-h-ev-I-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Ip-Sp-X-ep-≈- B¬-°-sse-≥

F¿-Øv- sa-‰¬-˛-Im¬-kyw-40.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- B-Zy-sØ- bq-tdm-]y-≥ in-jy-

≥˛- G-W-Ãv- In¿-Iv-41.- -B-cp-sS- _m-ey-Im-e-\m-a-am-Wv- Ip-am-cp- - Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥42.- -G-Xv- \-thm-∞m-\- \m-b-I-s‚- a-I-\m-Wv- \-S-cm-P-Kp-cp-

˛- tUm.-]¬-]p-43.- -a-e-_m-dn¬- I¿-j-I-kw-Lw- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ]-

tNm-Z-\w- \¬-In-b- \-thm-∞m-\- \m-b-I-≥˛- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ-≥

44.- -C-¥y- dn-∏-ªn-°m-Ip-∂-Xn-\v- H-cp- Zn-h-kw- ap-ºv- A-¥-cn-®- \-thm-∞m-\- \m-b-I-≥˛- tUm.-]¬-]p-

45.- -1924˛¬- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- k¿-h-a-X- k-tΩ-f-\w- hn-fn-®p-tN¿-Ø-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ˛-B-ep-h-

46.- -`m-c-Xv- sl-hn- C-e-Iv-Sn-°¬-kv- en-an-‰-Un-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-˛-_mw-Kv-fq¿-

47.- -In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- I-gn-™m¬- tem-I-Øn-se- h-en-b- a-Xw-˛-C-…mw- a-Xw-

48.- -]m-No-\- Im-e-Øv- amƒ-h- ]o-T- q-an-bp-sS- cm-jv-So-b- -kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- X-e-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂- \-K-cw- -D-÷-bn-\n-

49.- -1945 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 24\v- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- kw-L-S-\-tb-Xv-˛-sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- k-`-

50.- -P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- D-]m-[y-£-\m-bn-(ssh-kv- ]-kn-U-‚ v-) 1946 sk-]v-Xw-_¿- c-≠n-\v- C-S-°m-e- k¿-°m¿- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬-h-∂-k-a-b-sØ- ssh-tkm-bn- -th-h¬- ]- p-

51.- -ss_-_nƒ- B-Zy-am-bn- hn-h¿-Ø-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´- sX-∂n-¥y-≥ `m-j- ˛-X-an-gv-

52.- -an¬-a- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-˛- 198053.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- -c-W-`m-j- G-Xm-Wvv-˛-a-e-bm-fw-54.- -ssSw- am-K-kn-s‚- I-h-dn¬- Nn-Xw- A-®-Sn-°-s∏-´- c-≠m-

a-sØ- C-¥y-≥ A-`n-t\-Xm-hv-˛- sF-iz-cy- dm-bn-55.- -sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- G-I- tIm-a-¨-sh¬-Øv- cm-

Py-ta-Xv- ˛-K-bm-\-56.- -sU-dm-Uq-Wn-se- C-¥y-≥ C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- dn-tam-´v-

sk-≥knw-Kv- ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚-k-l-I-c-W-tØm-sS-bm-Wv-˛- s\-X¿-e-≥Uv-kv-

57.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- In-°-‰v- ¢-∫v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛-X-e-t»-cn-

58.- -1946 Hm-K-kv-Xv- 16\v- ]-Xy-£- k-a-c-Zn-\w- B-N-cn-°m-≥B-lzm-\w- sN-bv-X- t\-Xm-hv-˛-ap-l-Ω-Z-en- Pn-∂-

59.- -]m-No-\-Im-e-Øv- l-bm-Iv-ÿm-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-cm-Pyw-˛-A¿-ta-\n-b-

60.- -_-“-io- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- Po-h-N-cn-X-kw-K-lw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥

61.- -tIm-g-t©-cn- ]-kw-K- tI-kn¬- kn.-tI-i-h-\p-th-≠n-hm-Zn-®- A-`n-`m-j-I-≥˛- Sn.-Fw.-h¿-Ko-kv-

62.- -B-cn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- N-´-ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ- l-T-tbm-Kw- kzm-b-Ø-am-°n-b-Xv-˛- ssX-°m-Sv- A-ø-

63.- -P-bn¬-tam-Nn-X-\m-b- kn.-tI-i-h-s\- B-e-∏p-g-bn¬-kw-L-Sn-∏n-®- kzo-I-c-W-tbm-K-Øn¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se-In-co-Sw- h-bv-°m-Ø- cm-Pm-hv- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-˛-sI.-kn.-am-Ω-≥ am-∏n-f-

64.- -N- -ºn-kzm-an-I-fp-sS- \n-cym-W-Øn¬- A-\p-tim-Nn-®p-sIm-≠v- k-am-[n- k-¶¬-]w- c-Nn-®-Xv- - ]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-≥

65.- -ln-µp-cm-P-Ip-am-cn-bp-am-bn- hn-hm-l-_-‘-Øn-te¿-s∏- - B-Zy-sØ- U¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥ - A-em-hp-±o-≥ Jn¬-Pn-

66.- -A-h-b-hw- am-‰n-h-bv-°¬- i-kv-X-In-b-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv-˛-tPm-k-^v- a-td-

67.- -C-¥y-≥ thym-a-bm-cw-Kw- tZ-i-km-Xv-I-cn-®- h¿-jw- - 1953

68.- -]-Im-i-kw-t«-j-W-Øn¬- t\-cn-´v- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂- hn-‰m-an-≥˛-hn-‰m-an-≥ sI-

69.- -tZ-io-b- N-e-®n-X- A-hm¿-Up-Iƒ- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-am-Wv- ˛-1954

70.- -Uo-tKm- a-d-tUm-W-bp-sS- P-∑-tZ-iw-˛-A¿-P-‚o-\-71.- -hn-tZ-iv- k-©m¿- \n-Kw- en-an-‰-Uv- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-

jw-˛-198672.- -ssZ-h-I-Ww- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- - ln-Kv-kv- t_m-tkm- -73.- -tIm-an-b-Øn-s‚- A-Wp-kw-Jy-˛-2474.- -tK- am-‰¿- G-Xv- A-h-b-h-Øn-s‚- m-K-am-Wv- -a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw-75.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Xq-°p-]m-ew- \n¿-an-®-sX-hn-

sS-bm-Wv-˛-]p-\-eq¿-76.- -ta-cn- A-t‚m-Wn-‰v- h-[n-°-s∏- -Xv- G-Xp- hn-π-h-sØ-Øp-

S¿-∂m-Wv-˛-^-©p-hn-π-hw-77.- -ta-Lm-e-b-bn-se- ]-[m-\-a-X-ta-Xv- -In-kv-Xp-a-Xw-78.- -]-Ir-Xn- H-cn-°-epw- A-Xn-s\- kv-t\-ln-°p-∂- lr-Z-b-

sØ- N-Xn-°p-I-bn-√- F-∂p- ]-d-™-Xm-cv- ˛-hn-eyw- th-Uv-kv-h¿-Øv-

79.- -]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- tSm-Wn-Iv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xn-s‚-]-g-am-Wv-˛-hm-g-

80.- -]m-W-\m-Y-s\-\n-°p- \¬-In-b- ]-c-am-\-µ-c-k-sØ...- F-∂p- Xp-S-ßp-∂- irw-Km-c-Km-\w- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv-˛- C-c-bn-Ω-≥ X-ºn-

81.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- B-ep-h-bn¬- A-ssZz-Xm-i-aw- ÿm-]n-®- h¿-j-ta-Xv-˛-1914

82.- -]-Xyp¬-]m-Z-\-hy-h-ÿ-bp-sS- kp-K-a-am-b- ]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\v- A-Xy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-b- hn-‰m-an-t\-Xm-Wv- -hn-‰m-an-≥ C-

83.- -^-©v- Hm-∏-¨- G-Xv- I-fn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛-sS-∂o-kv-

84.- -_-ko-en-se- ]-[m-\- a-Xw-˛-In-kv-Xp-a-Xw-85.- -G-Xv- sXm-gn-en-em-Wv- a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥ Hu-tZym-Kn-I-

Po-hn-Xw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-˛- A-[ym-]-\w-86.- -F-X- Zn-h-kw-sIm-≠m-Wv- hn.-Sn.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- bm-N-\-bm-

X- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b-Xv-˛-3887.- -Xp-h-b¬-]-¥n- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-˛- A-øm- ssh-Ip-Wv-T¿-88.- -Hm-tcm- ]-≈n-s°m-∏-hpw- H-cp- ]-≈n-°q-Sw- F-∂- B-i-

bw-ap-t∂m-´p-h-®- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-˛- Nm-h-d-b-®-≥

89.- -Ip-am-c-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏- - km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-˛- s]m-bv-I-bn¬- A-∏-®-≥

90.- -i-_-cn-a-e- t£-X-Øn¬- A-·n-_m-[- D-≠m-b-t∏mƒ- H-c-º-ew- \-in-®m¬- A-X-bpw- A-‘-hn-izm-kw- \-in-°pw-F-∂- hn-hm-Z-]-kv-Xm-h-\- \-S-Øn-b- t\-Xm-hv-˛- kn.-tI-i-h-≥

91.- -C-\n- \-ap-°v- A-º-e-߃-°p- Xo- sIm-fp-Ømw- F-∂-e-Lp-te-J-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-˛- hn.-Sn.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-

92.- -tZ-io-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- hn-am-\-k¿-ho-kv- B-cw- n-®- B-Zy- kz-Im-cy- I-º-\n-˛- Cu-Ãv- sh-Ãv- F-b¿-sse-≥kv-

93.- -ss]-e-‰v- sse-k-≥kv- e-`n-®- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ h-\n-X-˛-Du¿-an-f- sI.-]-co-Jv-

94.- -sIm-®n-≥ t]m¿- v- S-Ãn-s‚- B-Zy- sN-b¿-am-≥ - ]n.-B¿.-kp-_-a-Wy-≥

95.- -_n-´o-jn-¥y-bn-se- ]-hn-iy-I-fn¬- 1937˛¬- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xp- \n-b-aw- ]-Im-c-am-Wv-˛-1935˛-se-K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv-

96.- -_n-´o-jv- -c-W-Im-e-Øv- a-Zm-kv- K-h¿-W-dp-sS- th-\¬-°m-e- h-k-Xn- F-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p-˛-Du-´n-

97.- -^m-≥kn-s‚- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- m-j-˛-^-©v-98.- -1946 sk-]v-Xw-_¿- c-≠n-\v- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬-h-∂- C-S-°m-

e- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- A-[y-£-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv- -th-h¬- ]- p-99.- -1951˛¬- Xn-cp-sIm-®n- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-Xm-cv- -kn.-tI-i-h-≥100.- -In-an-b- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- m-K-am-Wv-˛-D-I-bn-≥101.- -In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- a-X-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-®- tem-I-

Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- cm-Pyw-˛-A¿-ta-\n-b-102.- -_n-´-Wn¬- I-¨-k¿-th-‰o-hv- ]m¿-´n- t\-Xm-hv- N¿-®n-en-

s‚- `-c-Ww- A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bpw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- `q-cn-]-£w- t\-Sn- te-_¿- ]m¿-´n- t\-Xm-hv- ¢-a-‚ v- B-‰v-en-

sX-c-s™-Sp-Ø

250tNmZy߃

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 15

sX-c-s™-Sp-Ø

250tNmZy߃

]-[m-\-a-¥n-bm-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-t∏mƒ- C-¥y-bn¬-ssh-tkm-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv- ˛-th-h¬- ]-`p-

103.- -In-]v-kv- an-j-≥ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂v- tIm-¨-K-kv- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- k-a-cw-˛-Izn-‰n-¥ym-k-a-cw-

104.- -_n-´o-jv- C-¥y-bn-se- ]-hn-iy-I-fn¬- Zzn-`-c-Ww- A-h-km-\n-∏n-®- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-ta-Xvv-˛-1935˛-se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv-

105.- -_n-´o-jv- km-am-Py- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- ssI-k¿- C- ln-µv-_-lp-a-Xn- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- Nn-X-Im-c-≥˛-cm-Pm- c-hn-h¿-a-

106.- -1906 -se- tIm- -K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- Zm-Zm- m-bv- \-h-tdm-Pn-bp-sS- sk-I- -dn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xm-cv- -ap-l-Ω-Z-en- Pn-∂-

107.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- sX-t°-b-‰-sØ- Xp-d-ap-Jw-˛-hn-gn-™w-

108.- -th-Z-߃- c-Nn-°-s∏-´- m-j-˛-kw-kv-Ir-Xw-109.- -tem-I-hym-]m-c- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-Øn-\v- \n-

Zm-\-am-b- a-c-t°-jv- D-S-º-Sn- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øp-h-®m-Wv- H-∏n-´-Xv-˛-sam-tdm-t°m-

110.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- k-Ωm-\-Øp-I-bp-≈- km-ln-Xy-]p-c-kv-Im-c-ß-fn-sem-∂v- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-]-X-ta-Xm-Wv-˛-am-Xr-`q-an-

111.- -a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬- k-¨-t_-Wn-\v- Im-c-W-am-b- In-c-W-߃-˛- Aƒ-Sm- h-b-e-‰v-

112.- -C-¥y-bn¬- hn-F-kv-F-≥F¬- h-gn- C-‚¿-s\-‰v- kw-hn-[m-\w- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- h¿-jw-˛-1995

113.- -\-Iv-k¬- ]-ÿm-\-sØ- A-a¿-®- sN-øm-≥ C-¥ym- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- B-cw-`n-®- ssk-\n-I- \-S-]-Sn-˛-Hm-∏-td-j-≥Ko-≥ l-≠v-

114.- -hn-Zy-bp-sS- D-]-K-lw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- - F-Uyp-km-‰v-115.- -1959˛¬- C-¥y- cm-jv-So-bm-`-bw- \¬-In-b- Sn-_-‰-≥ t\-

Xm-hv-˛-Z-sse-em-a-116.- -^m-≥kn-s‚- tZ-io-b- Im-bn-I- hn-t\m-Zw-˛-sS-∂o-kv-117.- -_n-´o-jv- C-¥y-bn¬- ]-hn-iym- kz-bw-`-c-Ww- hn-`m-h-

\w- sN-bv-X- \n-b-a- \n¿-am-W-ta-Xv- -1935˛-se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv-

118.- -1919˛-se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sn-s‚- Ip-d-hv- ]-cn-l-cn-°m-≥ _n-´o-jv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- 1935˛¬- ]m-km-°n-b- \n-b-a-ta-Xv-˛-1935˛-se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv-

119.- -In-]v-kv- an-j-≥ C-¥y-bn¬- h-∂-t∏mƒ- ssh-tkm-bn-˛-en-≥en-Xv-tKm- ]-`p-

120.- -In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv-˛-tb-ip- In-kv-Xp-121.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- A-ssZz-Xm-i-aw- ÿm-

]n-®-Xv-˛-B-ep-h-122.- -]-_p-≤-tI-c-fw- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-˛-

B-K-am-\-µ-≥123.- -B-cp-sS- h-k-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- km-ln-Xy-Ip-So-cw-˛- ]-Wv-

Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-≥124.- -C-¥y-≥ Ãm-ºn-epw- \m-W-b-Øn-epw- ap-Z-Ww- sN-ø-s∏-

´- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn- h-\n-X-˛- kn-ÿ- A¬-t^m-≥k-125.- -t]m-ì- sse- v- C-≥jp-d-≥kv- Xp-S-ßn-b- h¿-jw- - 1884126.- -Xm-Pv-a-l-en-s‚- kw-c-£-W- Np-a-X-e-bp-≈- kp-c-£m- G-

P-≥kn-˛-kn-sF-F-kv-F-^v-127.- -\n-c-Ww- I-hn-I-fp-sS- a-s‰m-cp- t]-cv-˛- I-Æ-»- ]-Wn-°¿-

am¿-128.- -1936se- H-fn-ºn-Iv-kn¬- H-cp- \o-tKm- kz¿-Ww- t\-Sn-b-

tºmƒ- Im-gv-N-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂- ln-‰v-e¿- tIm-]-tØm-sS-tÃ-Un-bw- hn-´p-t]m-bn.- B-cm-Wv- B- \o-tKm- ˛-sP-kn-Hm-h-≥kv-

129.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- h¿-°-e-bn¬- k-am-[n-bm-b-Xv- G-Xv-h¿-j-am-Wv-˛-1928

130.- -io-e-¶-≥ A-`-bm¿-Yn-]-iv-\w- ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-se- `-c-W-]m-K-ev- yw- ]-cn-K-Wn-®v- m-c-X-c-Xv-\- \¬-I-s∏- - t\-Xm-hv- ˛-Fw-Pn-B¿-

131.- -1843 ap-X¬- 1850h-sc- Cw-•-≠n-s‚- B-ÿm-\- I-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv- ˛-hn-eyw- th-Uv-kv-h¿-Øv-

132.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- H-Sp-hn¬- ÿm-]n-®- t£-Xw-˛- I-f-h-≥tIm-Sv-

133.- -amw-k-\n-_-≤-a-√- cm-Kw- F-∂p-Zv-tLm-jn-°p-∂- Ip-am-c-\m-im-s‚- c-N-\-˛- eo-e-

134.- -\n-g¬-X-߃- F-∂p- t]-cp-≈- B-cm-[-\m-e-b-߃- ÿm-

]n-®-Xv-˛-A-øm- ssh-Ip-Wv-T¿-135.- -j-¨-ap-J-Zm-k-≥ F-∂p-a-dn-b-s∏-´- \-thm-∞m-\- \m-b-

I-≥˛- N-´-ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ-136.- -G-Xv- `m-j-bn-em-Wv- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- B-tflm-]-tZ-

i-i-X-Iw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- a-e-bm-fw-137.- -B-en-e-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw-˛- m-c-X-c-

Xv-\w-138.- -Pm-en-b-≥hm-em-_m-Kv- Iq-´-s°m-e-bp-sS- ]-›m-Ø-e-

Øn¬- ]-d-™-Xv-˛- a-lm-flm- Km-‘n-139.- -\n- -l-I-c-W- ]-ÿm-\w- A-h-km-\n-®- Xo-b-Xn-˛- 1922

s^-_p-h-cn- 12140.- -A-\p-io-e-≥ k-an-Xn- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂-

Xv-˛- _w-Kmƒ-141.- -A-h-km-\-sØ- ssh-tkm-bn-bm-b- au-≠v-_m-‰-¨- ]-

`p- A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰- Xo-b-Xn-˛- 1947 am¿-®v- 24142.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- P-e-Po-hn-˛-tUmƒ-^n-≥143.- -bp-ssW-‰-Uv- \yq-kv- Hm-^v- C-¥y- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-

jw-˛-1959144.- -B-Zm-bw- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-hm-≥ Im¿-jn-I-cw-K-Øv- A-h-ew-

_n-°m-hp-∂- G-‰-hpw- \-√- Ir-jn-co-Xn-˛- kw-tbm-Pn-X-Ir-jn-

145.- -tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- C-≥U-kv-Sn-b¬- F-∏n-sk-‚¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- \-K-cw-˛-B-ep-h-

146.- -tem-I-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- aƒ-´n- \m-j-W¬- tIm¿-∏-td-j-≥ F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂,- 1602˛¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- U-®v- Cu-Ãv- C-¥ym-°-º-\n-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- -Bw-ÿ-Umw-

147.- -tZ-h-`m-j- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- -˛-kw-kv-Ir-Xw-148.- -tZ-hn- A-l-eym-_m-bv- tlmƒ-°¿- hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw- F-

hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-C-≥tUm¿-149.- -1773˛¬- C-k¿-Zm-cn- kw-hn-[m-\w- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv-˛- hm-

d-≥ tl-Ãnw-Kv-kv-150.- -l-am-kv- G-Xv- ]-tZ-i-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛- ]-

e-kv-Xo-≥151.- -]-ip-hn-s‚- K¿-`-Im-e-b-f-hv-˛- 9 am-kw-152.- -1931 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- H-º-Xn-\v- C-¥y-≥ thym-a-tk-\- \n-e-

hn¬-h-∂-t∏mƒ- ssh-tkm-bn-˛-hn-√n-Mv-S-¨- ]-`p-153.- -Xn-anw-Kn-e-Øn-s‚- ]-√p-I-fp-sS- F-Æw-˛- ]-√n-√-154.- -Uyq-tπ- G-Xv- bq-tdm-]y-≥ i-‡n-bp-sS- K-h¿-W-dm-bn-cp-

∂p-˛- ^-©v-155.- -sh-≈-s∏m-∂v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- tem-lw-˛- πm-‰n-\w-156.- -πm-Ãn-Iv- tKƒ- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Im-bn-I-Xm-cw-˛- \-Zn-

b- sIm-a-t\-®n-157.- -1935se- K-h.- Hm-^v- C-¥y- \n-b-a-]-Im-cw- 1937˛¬- _¿-

a-sb- C-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-s]-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ- G-Xv- ssh-tkm-bn-bm-Wv- -cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-˛-en-≥en-Xv-tKm- ]-`p-

158.- -tem-I-sØ- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- tÃm-°v- F-Iv-kv-tN-©v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-Bw-ÿ-Umw-

159.- -1935se- K-h.- Hm-^v- C-¥y- \n-b-aw- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-t∏mƒ-B-cm-bn-cp-∂p- ssh-tkm-bn-˛-en-≥en-Xv-tKm- ]-`p-

160.- -]-g-°-Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-Øp-≈- a-e-bm-f- ]-Xw-˛- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-

161.- -]m-f-bw-tIm-S-≥ G-Xn-s‚- C-\-am-Wv-˛-hm-g-162.- -]m-Wv-U-h-cp-sS- A-⁄m-X-hm-k-°m-e-Øv- h-e-e-≥ F-

∂- ]m-N-I-°m-c-\m-bn- th-jw- am-dn-b-Xm-cv-˛-`o-a-≥163.- -`-K-hm-≥ Im-d¬- am¿-Iv-kv- ]-kw-Kw- G-Xv- t\-Xm-hp-am-

bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛- kn.-tI-i-h-≥164.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- B-sc-bm-Wv- 1925˛¬- ]n-≥Km-an-bm-

bn- \n¿-t±-in-®-Xv-˛- t_m-[m-\-µ-165.- -B-cp-sS- A-¥y-hn-i-a- ÿ-e-am-Wv- Ip-am-c-tIm-Sn-˛- Ip-

am-c-\m-im-≥166.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- Z¿-i-\-hpw- B-i-b-ß-fpw- ]m-

›m-Xy-tem-I-Øv- ]-N-cn-∏n-®-Xv-˛- \-S-cm-P-Kp-cp-167.- -In-°-‰v- am-®v- \-S-°p-tºmƒ- ^o¬-Un¬- F-X- A-º-

b¿-am¿- D-≠m-bn-cn-°pw-˛- 2168.- -tem-I-dm-¶nw-Kn¬- H-∂mw- ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-b- B-Zy- C-

¥y-≥ B¿-®¿-:- Zo-]n-I- Ip-am-cn-169.- -tem-Iv-k- -bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- A-\u-tZym-Kn-I- ]-Xn-]-£-

t\-Xm-hv- ˛- F.-sI.-tKm-]m-e-≥

170.- -tem-Mv- am¿-®v- \-bn-®-Xm-cv-˛-am-thm- tk-Xp-Mv-171.- -thƒ-Uv- p-Uv- ss]-kv- t\-Sn-b- C-¥y-°m-c-≥˛-Fw.-F-

kv.-kzm-an-\m-Y-≥172.- -th-e-I-fn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- t£-Xw- G-Xm-Wv- ˛-A-

º-e-∏p-g-173.- -k-ap-Z-]-T-\-߃-°m-bn- C-¥y- hn-t£-]n-®- D-]-K-lw-

˛- Hm-jy-≥km-‰v-174.- -Xm-Pv-a-l¬- tem-I-ss]-Xr-I-∏-´n-I-bn-en-Sw- ]n-Sn-®- h¿-

jw-˛-1983175.- -\n-c-Rv-P-\-bp-sS- Nn-c-kv-a-c-W- G-Xv- k-a-c-sØ- B-kv-

]-Z-am-°n-bp-≈- t\m-h-em-Wv-˛- I-øq¿- k-a-cw-176.- -Hm-´-a-’-c-am-b- am-c-tØm-Wn-\v- Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bn- Aw-

Ko-I-cn-®- Zq-cw-˛-26 ssa¬- 385 hm-c-177.- -A-ar-X-cm-Pv- k-tlm-Z-c-≥am¿- G-Xv- I-fn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-

s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛- sS-∂o-kv-178.- -H-´n-∏n-Sn-°m-Ø- ]m-X-ß-fn¬- ]q-in-bn-cn-°p-∂- ]-Zm¿-

Yw-˛- sS-^v-tfm-¨-179.- -sF.-Sn.-hn-π-hw- \-S-∏m-°m-≥ cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n-sb- k-lm-

bn-®- sS-Iv-t\m-Im-‰v-˛- kmw- ]n-tSm-U-180.- -]n-F-≥ \m-cm-b-W-]n-≈- c-Nn-®- Nn-X-sa-gp-Øv- tIm-bn-

Ø-ºp-cm-≥ B-cp-sS- Po-h-N-cn-X-am-Wv- ˛-cm-Pm- c-hn-h¿-a-

181.- -]o-∏nƒ-kv- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- Hm-^v- ssN-\-bp-sS- B-Zy- sN-b¿-am-≥˛-am-thm- tk-Xp-Mv-

182.- -]p-\-cp-≤-cn-°-s∏-´- \m-f-µ- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- ]-Y-a- Nm-≥k-e¿-˛-A-a¿-Xym- sk-≥

183.- -]q¿-h- th-Z-Im-e-L-´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂- G-I- th-Zw-˛-E-tKz-Zw-

184.- -]p-cm-W-ß-fn-se- iq-c-tk-\- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w--a-Yp-c-

185.- -1937 B-K-kv-Xv- 29\v- C.-hn.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-bp-sS- ]-Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬- B-cw-`n-®- hm-cn-I-˛- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-

186.- -_o-P-kw-tbm-Kw- \-S-°m-sX- A-Wv-Uw- h-f¿-∂v- Po-hn-bm-bn- am-dp-∂- ]-Xn-`m-kw-˛- A-\n-tj-I- P-\-\w-

187.- -h-\-hn-kv-Xr-Xn- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- G-jy-≥ cm-Pyw-˛-ssN-\-

188.- -ssl-sS-Iv- hy-h-km-b-ß-fp-sS- tem-I- X-e-ÿm-\w- - km-≥^m-≥kn-kv-tIm-

189.- -]m-Wv-Uy-cm-P-hw-i-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv- -a-[p-c-190.- -]n-∂m-°- hn- m-K-Øn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Jy-a-¥n-ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-

b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn- (Xn-cp-sIm-®n-bn¬-)-˛-kn.-tI-i-h-≥191.- -]n¬-°m-e-Øv- A-ta-cn-°-bn-te-°v- Ip-Sn-tb-dn-b,- ssl-

U-P-≥ t_mw-_n-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hm-b- F-tUz¿-Uv- sS-√¿- (1908˛-2003)- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv- ˛-lw-K-dn-

192.- -1940 am¿-®v- 23\v- em-tlm-dn¬-tN¿-∂- ap-…nw-eo-Kv- hm¿-jn-I-k-tΩ-f-\w- ]-tXy-I- ap-…nw- cm-jv-Sw- D-∂-bn-®v-]-ta-bw- ]m- m-°n-b-Xv- G-Xv- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- ˛-en-≥en-Xv-tKm- ]-`p-

193.- -a-[y-]-tZ-in¬- Ipw- -ta-f- \-S-°p-∂- ÿ-ew- -D-÷-bn-\n-194.- -\o-e-Kn-cn-bn¬- \m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-Ip-ew- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv- - \-

S-cm-P-Kp-cp-195.- -G-Xv- tIm-¨-K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-em-Wv- Sn.-sI.-am-[-h-

≥ h-°w- k-Xym-K-lw- kw-_-‘n-®- ]-ta-bw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv-˛- Im-°n-\-U-

196.- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s\- c-≠mw- _p-≤-≥ F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-˛- Pn.-i-¶-c-°p-dp-∏v-

197.- -a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-s‚- B-fl-I-Y-˛-F-s‚- Po-hn-X- kv-a-c-W-Iƒ-

198.- -in-h-Kn-cn- Xo¿-Ym-S-\-Øn-\v- t]m-Ip-∂-h¿-°v- a-™- h-kv-Xw- \n¿-t±-in-®-Xv-˛-io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-

199.- -1833 -se- Nm¿- ¿- B-Iv-Sv- ]-Im-cw- cq-]-h-Xv-Ir-X-am-b- tem-I-Ωn-j-s‚- A-[y-£-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- sa-°m-sf-

200.- -tbm-K¿-´v- \n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- k-lm-b-I-am-b- kq-£v-a-Po-hn-˛-_m-Iv-So-cn-b-

201.- -te-Iv- F-∂p- t]-cp-≈- I-d-≥kn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- cm-Pyw-˛-A¬-t_-\n-b-

202.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- U-®p-sIm- m-cw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- -a- m-t©-cn-203.- -tem-I-Øv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-izm-kn-I-fp-≈- a-X-ta-

Xv-˛-In-kv-Xp-a-Xw-

io\mcmbWKpcpHSphn¬ ÿm]n® t£Xw

16 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

204.--I¬-∏m-Øn-˛-ip-No-µw- k-a-c-߃- F-¥p-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛-A-bn-tØm-®m-S-\w-

205.- -Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- I-Æm-Sn- ]-Xn-jv-T- \-S-Øn-b-Xv-˛- ssh-Ip-Wv-T-kzm-an-Iƒ-

206.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]m-No-\- Xp-d-ap-J-am-b- ]-¥-em-b-\n- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p-˛- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

207.- -tIm-∏¿- sF-e-‚ v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw- -ssk-]-kv-208.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- Im-b¬-˛-th-º-\m-

Sv-209.- -tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚-bpw- tlmw-dqƒ- eo-Kn-s‚-bpw- t\-Xr-Xz-

Øn¬- a-e-_m-dn-se- B-Zy-sØ- cm-jv-So-b- k-tΩ-f-\w-]m-e-°m-´v- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-˛-1916

210.- -Im-Tv-a-Wv-Tp- G-Xv- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øm-Wv-˛- _m-Kv-a-Xn-211.- -]n-Un-F- n-s‚- ]q¿-W-cq-]w- - t]m¿- -_nƒ- tUm-Iyp-sa-

‚ v- t^m¿-am-‰v-212.- -sF-_n-F-Ωn-s‚- ]q¿-W-cq-]w- - C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬- _n-kn-

\-kv- sa-jo-≥213.- -a-[y-]-tZ-in-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-K-cw-˛-C-≥tUm¿-214.- -a-[y-bq-tdm-∏n-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- X-Sm-I-am-b- _-em-tSm-

¨- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-˛-lw-K-dn-215.- -G-Xv- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-en-s‚- Im-e-Øm-Wv- s]m-eo-kv- A-

[n-Im-c-߃- sk-an-µm¿-am-cn¬-\n-∂v- am-‰n- Pn-√m- X-e-Øn¬- s]m-en-kv- kq-]-≠n-\v- ssI-am-dn-b-Xv-˛- tIm-¨-hm-en-kv-

216.- -tZ-io-b- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- Pn-lz-sb-∂- \n-e-bn¬- tZ-im-`n-am-\n-Iƒ- tN¿-∂v- 1923˛¬- B-cw-`n-®- ]-Xw-˛-am-Xr-`q-an-

217.- -_w-Km-fn-se,- ]-c-am-[n-Im-c-ap-≈- A-h-km-\-sØ- \-hm-_v-˛- kn-dm-Pv- D-Zv- Zu-f-

218.- -tIm- -K-kv- ]-kn-U-‚m-bn-cp-∂- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-1929 Un-kw-_¿- 31\v- C-¥y-bp-sS- ]-Xm-I- D-b¿-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xv- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-˛-c-hn- \-Zn-

219.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-Xv- [-\-Im-cy- ÿm-]-\-am-Wv- hm-bv-]-˛-]-Ww- ]-Zm-\-sØ- \n-b-¥n-°p-∂-Xv-˛- dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v-

220.- -\n¿-`-b- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- e-£yw-˛- kv-Xo-kp-c-£n-X-Xzw-221.- -X-]m¬- h-Ip-∏v- t]m-P-Iv-Sv- B-tcm- \-S-∏n-em-°n-b- h¿-

jw-˛- 2008222.- -tZ-io-b- A-t\z-j-W- G-P-≥kn-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-˛- \yq-

U¬-ln-223.- -1976˛¬- A-¥-cn-®- ssN-\o-kv- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-˛-am-thm-

tk-Xp-Mv-224.- -A-ap¬- F-∂-Xv- F-¥n-s‚- Np-cp-°-cq-]-am-Wv-˛- B-\-µv-

an¬-°v- bq-Wn-b-≥ en-an-‰-Uv-225.- -A¬-Pn-tb-gv-kv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\-am-Wv-˛-

A¬-Po-cn-b-226.- -A-‰v-em-‚n-kv- Nm¿-´¿- G-Xv- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- cq-]-h-Xv-I-

c-W-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛-sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- k-`-227.- -a-bp¿-J-≠n-bn¬-\n-∂v- am-\y-tJ-X-Øn-te-°v- cm-jv-S-Iq-

S-cp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- am-‰n-b- cm-Pm-hv-˛-A-tam-L-h¿-j-≥228.- -a-\p-jy-s‚- h-≥Ip-S-en¬- A-[n-h-kn-®v- hn-‰m-an-≥ _n-

\n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- k-lm-bn-°p-∂- C- tIm-fn- F-∂- kq-£v-a-Po-hn- G-Xv- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂p-˛-_m-Iv-So-cn-b-

229.- -A-°n-tdm- Ip-d-tkm-h- G-Xp- ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv- ]-kn-≤n-t\-Sn-b-Xv- -kn-\n-a-

230.- -a-\p-jy-s‚- D-Z-c-Øn-ep-≈- G-X-h-b-h-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv- tIm¿-´-Iv-kv- ˛-hr-°-

231.- -A-®-≥tIm-hn-em¿- G-Xn-s‚- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-Wv-˛-]-º-232.- -A-ø-≥Im-fn- io-aq-ew- ]-Pm-k-`-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- Aw-

K-am-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-am-Wv-˛-1910233.- -a-cm-a-¨- I-¨-sh-≥j-≥ \-S-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- \-Zn-bp-sS-

Xo-c-Øm-Wv-˛-]-º-234.- -A-d-Ãv- sN-ø-s∏- - hy-‡n-sb- F-X- a-Wn-°q-dn-\p-≈n¬-

A-Sp-Øp-≈- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰n-\p-ap-∂n¬- lm-P-cm-°-Ww-˛-24235.- -a-dm-Tn- t\m-h-en-Ãv- c-Rv-Pn-Xv- tZ-im-bn- G-Xv- tI-c-fo-b-

sX-c-s™-Sp-Ø

250tNmZy߃

AIntbm samdnØ XpSßnbP∏m\okv Iº\n

Facts about India1. Where is Central Institute of Indian Languages?

= MysoreEnglish and Foreign Language University which isformerly known as Central Institute of English andForeign Languages is at Hyderabad.Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore is founded byJamshedji Tata and Indian Academy of Sciences atBangalore is founded by C.V.Raman.

2. The place where the first Aadhar Card was issued:= Tembhili in Maharashtra.The owner of the first Aadhar Card is RajanaSonawane.Khairi in Nagpur is the site of the first NavodayaSchool in India.

3. To which deity the Lingaraja Temple in Bhuvaneswaris dedicated?= ShivaIt was built by Jajati Keshari.The temples which are known as Holy Golden Triangleis Lingaraja Temple, Puri Jagannath Temple andKonark Sun TempleThe Konark Sun Temple was built by Narasimhadev Iof Ganga dynasty.

4. The oldest provincial Public Service Commission inIndia was Madras Public Service Commission. Inwhich year it was started?=1929The Public Service Commission in India wasestablished for the first time in 1926 as per therecommendation of Lee Commission. Later, as per

the Government of India Act 1935, it became FederalPublic Service Commission. After independence it wasrechristened as Union Public Service Commission(1950).

5. The only state in North East India where CommunistParty came into power?= TripuraThe Indian state which is surrounded by Bangladeshthree sides- Tripura.The first cyber forensic laboratory in India wasestablished in Tripura.Tripura is has the least area among the seven states ofNorth East India.

6. The Mughal Emperor who was buried at Aram Bagh inAgra?= BaburThough Babur was buried at Aram Bagh immediatelyafter the demise, later his mortal remains weretransferred to Kabul as per his wishes.The Imperial Mughals whose tombs are outsidepresent day India are Babur and Jahangir (Lahore).They are the Mughal emperors who wroteautobiographies.

7. The oldest public sector bank in India:= Allahabad BankAllahabad Bank was founded in 1865.Allahabad is in Uttar Pradesh which is the seat of HighCourt of U.P. But the headquarters of Allahabad Bankis Kolkata.The name Allahabad means 'city of Allah' and was

given by Mughal emperor Akbar.8. Which temple is called 'Black Pagoda'?

= Konark Sun Temple.The name of Black Pagoda was given by Europeansailors.Puri Jagannath Temple is known as 'White Pagoda'.The construction of Puri Temple was started byAnathvarman Chodaganga of Eastern Chalukyadynasty. It was completed by Ananga Bhima Deva.

9. The youngest to become Governor in an Indian State:= Swaraj KausalHe became Governor of Mizoram in 1990 at the age of37.His wife Sushma Swaraj is the youngest (25) tobecome cabinet minister in Indian Union (1977)She was also the first woman spokesperson for anypolitical party in India.The youngest to become Chief Minister of an Indian /Union Territory is M. O. Hasan Farook Maricar ofPuducherry. He became Chief Minister at the age of 30.

10. In which Indian State is Haripura where Netaji SubhasChandra Bose was elected President of Indian NationalCongress in 1938?= GujaratThe Tripuri session of 1939 in which Netaji SubhasChandra Bose was re-elected was held in the State ofMadhya Pradesh.Gujarat was formed after the bifurcation of Bombaystate in 1960. Gujarat is the first state formed after thestate re-organisation of 1956.

Nn-X-Im-c-s‚- Po-hn-Xw- B-[m-c-am-°n-bm-Wv- t\m-h¬-c-Nn-®n-´p-≈-Xv-˛-cm-Pm- c-hn-h¿-a-

236.- -A-d-tßm-´v- kz-cq-]w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂- \m-´p-cm-Pyw-˛-h-≈p-h-\m-Sv-

237.- -a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a- Zn-\-]-X-am-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-jw- ap-X-em-Wv-˛-1928

238.- -1979˛-80 Im-e-b-f-hn¬- tI-µ- Ir-jn-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛-Fw.-F-kv.-kzm-an-\m-Y-≥

239.- -a-≠-≥ ap-Ø-∏- F-∂- I-Ym-]m-Xw- B-cp-sS- kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv-˛-ssh-°w- ap-l-Ω-Zv- _-jo¿-

240.- -A-an-X- a-sIm-f-kv-tSmƒ- G-X-h-b-h-Øn-s‚- ]-h¿-Ø-\-sØ-bm-Wv- _m-[n-°p-∂-Xv-˛-lr-Z-bw-

241.- -A-an-Xm-`v- _-®-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- a-Wv-U-ew-˛- A-e-l-_m-Zv-

242.- -a-[y-]-tZ-iv- tÃm-°v- F-Iv-kv-tN-©n-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-˛-C-≥tUm¿-

243.- -a-e-_m¿- I-em-]w- ]-›m-Ø-e-am-°n- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥ c-Nn-®- Ir-Xn-˛- Zp-c-h-ÿ-

244.- -am-‰-dn-s‚- Xp-S-°-Øn-te-°v- I-gv-k¿- N-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- Io-˛- tlmw-

245.- -Io-t_m¿-Un-s‚- C-S-Xp-h-i-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- Io-˛- F-kv-tI-∏v-

246.- -hn-≥tUm-kv- hn-I-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø- I-º-\n- - ssa-tIm-tkm-^v-‰v-

247.- -H-cp- In-tem- ss_-‰v- F-X- ss_-‰m-Wv-˛- 1024248.- -B-Zy-sØ- tam-Uw- hn-I-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv-˛- s_¬- I-

º-\n-249.- -a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- im-kv-Xo-b- \n-L-≠p-

X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xm-cv-(1872)- -˛-sl¿-a-≥ Kp-≠¿-´v-250.- -A-In-tbm- sam-dn-Ø- Xp-S-ßn-b- P-∏m-\o-kv- I-º-\n- - tkm-

Wn- $

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 17

501. k]j≥ Hm^v CtΩm-d-¬ Sm^nIv C≥hna¨ B≥Uv tKmƒUv BIvSv ]m¿e-sa‚ v]mkm°nb h¿jw:(F) 1971 (_n) 1972(kn) 1956 (Un) 1985

502. tZiob a\p-jym-h-Imi IΩo-js‚BZysØ sNb¿am≥:

(F) F.-F-kv.-B-\µv (_n) cwK-\mYv ani(kn) sh¶nS sN√ø (Un) sP.-F-kv.-h¿Ω

503. kmº-ØnI Imcy-߃°m-bp≈ Iymºn-\‰vIΩn-‰n-bpsS A[y-£≥ Bcm-Wv?(F) ][m-\-a¥n (_n) [\-a¥n(kn) hmWnPya¥n(Un) Iym_n-\‰v skI´dn

504. Xmsg sImSpØncn°p-∂-h-bn¬ cmPy-k-`sbkw_-‘n®v sX‰mb ]kvXm-h\ GXv?(F) cmPy-k`bpsS FIvkv˛H-^ntjym A[y-£≥ D]-cm-jvS-]-Xn-bm-Wv.(_n) ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ D]-cn-k- -bmWv cmPy-k- .(kn) cmPy-k-`-bnse \ma-\n¿t±iw sNø-s∏´AwK-߃°v cmjvS-]Xn Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬thm´v sNømw.(Un) cmPy-k-`-bn¬ aWn _n√p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.

505. cmjvSob ]m¿´n-I-fpsS amXrIm s]cp-am-‰-®-´-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Fhn-sS-bmWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv?(F) `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬(_n)1951˛se s]k-t‚-j≥ Hm^v ]o∏nƒkvBIvSn¬(kn)kp]ow-tImSXn-bpsS am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ß-fn¬(Un)-C-sXm∂pa-√.

506. C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS Um^v‰nMv IΩn‰ncq]-h-XvIr-X-amb Xob-Xn:(F)1949 HmKÃv 29 (_n)1948 HmKÃv 30(kn)1947 HmKÃv 29 (Un)1949 HmKÃv 30

507. Xmsg sISp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-hbn¬ BcmWv ]kn-U‚ v \nb-an-°p-∂Xv A√m-ØXv?(F)kwÿm\ Kh¿W¿(_n)-sslt°mSXn No^vP-Ãnkv(kn)sshkv ]kn-U‚ v(Un)-kp-]ow-tImSXn No^vP-Ãnkv

508. ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS Imem-h-[n-bmb A©ph¿jw XpS-ßp-∂-Xv F∂p apX-em-Wv?(F) ^e-]-Jym-]\ XobXn apX¬(_n) BZy tbmKXo-bXn apX¬(kn) kXy-]-Xn⁄ apX¬(Un) Xnc-s™-Sp∏v hn⁄m-]\w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂Xv apX¬

509. Xmsg sImSpØn-cn-°p-∂-hcn¬ BcmWv]kn-U‚m-Ip-∂-Xn\v apºv sshkv ]kn-U‚mbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®n-´n-√m-ØXv?(F) k°o¿ lpssk≥ (_n)\oew kRvPo-h-sdÕn(kn)B¿. sh¶´ cma≥ (Un)tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥

510. tZiob hnI-k\ kanXn (\m-j-W¬ Uh-e-]vsa‚ v IuW-kn¬) cq]-h-XvIr-X-am-bXvF∂mWv?(F)1950 HmKÃv 6 (_n)1951 G]n¬ 1(kn)1952 HmKÃv 16 (Un)1952 P\phcn 26

511. ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ GXv skj-\n-emWv _UvP‰vAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?(F) BZy skj≥(_n)a -kq¨ skj≥(kn)hn‚¿ skj≥ (Un)Ch-sbm∂pa√

512. tZh-\m-Kcn en]n-bp≈ lnµn-bmWv C¥y-bpsSHutZymKnI `mj F∂v ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv GXv A\p-tOZØn-emWv?(F) 243 (_n) 343(kn) 223 (kn) 123

513. GXvv `c-W-L-S\m A\p-t—-Z-amWv tImSXn-b-e£yw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ cmjvS-Ø-e-h\v ]Xn-tcm[w \¬Ip-∂Xv?(F) 368 (_n) 362(kn) 361 (Un) 369

514. `c-W-L-S-\-bnse GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hyhÿkw_-‘n®v kwÿm\ k¿°m-cn\v \n¿t±iw\¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ tIµ k¿°m-cns‚ A[n-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ `c-W-L-S\m A\ptOZw GXmWv?(F) 367 (_n) 365(kn) 362 (Un) 368

515. kmº-ØnI ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ ]Jy-]n-®m¬]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ AwKo-Im-c-an-√msX AXvFX Imew \ne-\n¬°pw?(F)-aq-∂p-amkw (_n) \mep-amkw(kn)-c≠p amkw (Un)Hcp-am-kw.

516. C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS IcSvXøm-dm-°n-bXpw AwKo-I-cn-®Xpw GXv `mj-bn-emWv?(F) lnµn (_n) Xangv(kn)-Cw-§ojv (Un) sXep¶v

517. `c-W-L-S\m \n¿ΩmW k`bn¬ InkvXy≥kap-Zm-bsØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNbvXXvBcmWv?(F) F®v. ]n. tamZn(_n) ^m¶v B‚Wn(kn) sPbnwkv ^m¶vfn≥(Un) ltcµ Iqa¿ apJ¿Pn

518. \mj-W¬ hm´¿ dntkmgvkv Iu¨kn-ens‚sNb¿am≥ BcmWv?(F)-tIµ Pe-hn-`ha¥n(_n)][m-\-a¥n(kn)-tIµ Irjna¥n

(Un)-tIµ ]cnÿnXna¥n519. GXv \nb-a-]-Im-c-amWv _wKm-fn\p th≠n

]tXyI Kh¿Wsd \nb-an-®Xv?(F)1753˛se Nm¿´¿ \nbaw(_n)1733˛se Nm¿´¿ \nbaw(kn)1793˛se Nm¿´¿ \nbaw(Un)1784˛se ]n‰n-s‚ \nbaw

520. tIm¨Ãn‰yp-h‚ v-AkªnbpsS Ãnb-dnMvIΩn-‰n-bpsS sNb¿am≥ Bcm-bn-cp∂p?(F)- _n.-B¿.-Aw-t_-Zv°¿(_n) sP.-_n.-Ir]em\n(kn) tUm.cmtP-µ-]-kmZv(Un) tXPv _l-Zq¿ k]p

521. tIm¨Ãn‰yp-h‚ v Akªn-bpsS tÉvkvIΩn-‰n-bpsS sNb¿am≥ Bcm-bn-cp∂p?(F)-tUm.cmtP-µ-]-kmZv(_n)em¬ _l-Zq¿ imkvXn

(kn)Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp(Un)_n.-F≥.-dmhp

522. C¥y-bv°mbn I£n clnX P\m-[n]Xyw\n¿tZ-in® t\Xmhv:(F)-F-kv.-F.-UmwtK(_n)Pb-]-Imiv \mcmb¨(kn)hnt\m_m`mth (Un)alm-flm-Km\v[n

523. C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ \yq\-]-£-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv-F-¥ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv?(F)-\ndw (_n)PmXn(kn)-BsI P\-kw-Jy-bpsS iX-am\w(Un)aXw

524. c≠v Ahnizmk ]ta-b-߃°n-S-bn¬ BIm-hp∂ G‰hpw Ipd™ CS-th-f:(F)-B-dp-amkw (_n)\mep-amkw(kn)-aq-∂p-amkw (Un)c≠p-amkw

525. C¥y-bn¬ _n´o-jp-Im¿ \S-∏n-em-°nb `cWLS-\m-]-c-amb ]co£-W-ß-fn¬ G‰hpwIpd-®p-Imew \ne\n∂Xv:(F)1919˛se Kh.-Hm^v C¥y \nbaw(_n) 1909 se C¥y≥ Iu¨kn¬ BIvSv(kn)- 1784 se ]n‰ns‚ \nbaw(Un) 1935 se Kh. Hm^v C¥y \nbaw

Answers501 (c) 502(b) 503(a) 504(c) 505(b) 506(c) 507(c) 508(a)509(b) 510(a) 511(a) 512(b) 513(c) 514(b) 515(c) 516(c)517(d) 518(b) 519(a) 520(c) 521(c) 522(b) 523 (c) 524(a) 525(b)

C¥y≥C¥y≥C¥y≥C¥y≥C¥y≥cmjvSobcmjvSobcmjvSobcmjvSobcmjvSobhyhÿhyhÿhyhÿhyhÿhyhÿ

I£n clnX P\m-[n]Xyw

\n¿tZ-in® t\Xmhv

18 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

î C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- \n-b-a-k-`m-kv-]o-°¿-

l-cn-bm-\-bn-se- jm-t\m-tZ-hn-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬- C-¥y-

bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- tem-Iv-k-`m- kv-]o-°¿- ao-cm-

Ip-am-dm-Wv.-

î C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- ap-≥kn-^v- A-∂m- Nm-

≠n-bpw- h-\n-Xm- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v- Hm-a-\-°p-™-Ω-bp-am-Wv.-

î cm-Po-hv-Km-\v-[n-bp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\w- k-Zv-`m-h-\m-Zn-\-am-bn-´pw-

(Hm-K-kv-‰v- 20)- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥d- N-c-a-Zn-\w- (sa-bv- 21)-

`o-I-c- ]-h¿-Ø-\- hn-cp-≤-Zn-\-am-bn-´pw- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.-

î ∑-F.-sF.-Sn.-bp.-kn-bp-sS- B-Zy- ]-kn-U-‚m-b-Xv- em-em-

e-Pv-]-Xv- dm-bn- (1920).- F-∂m¬,- sF.-F-≥.-Sn.-bp.-kn-bp-

sS- B-Zy- ]-kn-U-‚ v- F-kv.-kn.-_m-\¿-Pn- (1947).-

î H-fn-ºn-Iv-kv- sa-U¬- C-¥y-°m-bn- B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-

Xv- t\m¿-a-≥ ]n-‰v-®m¿-Uv- B-Wv- (1900)- F-∂m¬,- H-fn-

ºn-Iv-kn¬- hy-‡n-K-X- kz¿-Ww- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-

°m-c-≥ A-`n-\-hv- _n-µ-bm-Wv- (2008).-

î P-bv- P-hm-≥,- P-bv- In-km-≥ F-∂p- ]-d-™-Xv- em¬-

_-lm-Zq¿- im-kv-Xn.- "-P-bv- P-hm-≥,- P-bv- In-km-≥,- P-

bv- hn-⁄m-≥'- F-∂p- B-lzm-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv- F.-_n.-

hm-Pv-t]-bn.-

î P-hm-l¿-em¬-s\-lp-hpw- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-bpw- P-\n-®-Xv-

D-Ø¿- ]-tZ-in-se- A-e-l-_m-Zn¬.- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- P-

\n-®-Xv- a-lm-cm-jv-S-bn-se- apw-ss_-bn¬.-

î P-hm-l¿-em¬-s\-lp- -C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- -cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- F-

∂n-h¿- C-¥y-bn¬- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-am-cm-b- H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-

Øn-se- aq-∂v- X-e-ap-d-Iƒ.- I-iv-ao-cn¬- ap-Jy-a-¥n-am-cm-

b- H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se- aq-∂v- X-e-ap-d-I-fm-Wv- tj-Iv-

A-_v-Zp-≈-˛-^-dq-Jv- A-_v-Zp-≈-˛-H-a¿- A-_v-Zp-≈.-

î B-kq-X-W- I-Ωn-j-s‚- B-Zy-sØ- A-[y-£-≥ P-hm-

l¿-em¬- s\-lp-hpw- D-]m-[y-£-≥ Kp¬-k-cn-em¬- \-

µ-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.-

î B-Nm-cy- Ir-]-em-\n-bp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-bm-Wv- ssa- ssSw-

kv.- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- c-Nn-®-Xm-Wv- ssa- Sq-Øv.-

î C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚p- ÿm-\-tØ-°v- a¬-k-cn-®- B-Zy-

a-e-bm-fn- hn.-B¿.- Ir-jv-W-ø-cm-Wv.- ]-kn-U-‚m-b- B-

Zy- a-e-bm-fn- sI.- B¿.-\m-cm-b-W-≥.-

î 1973˛-79 Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- tKm-h-bp-sS- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn-

cp-∂- i-in-I-e- Im-t°m-Zv-I¿-°v- Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn¬- ap-

Jy-a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy-h-\n-X- F-∂- hn-ti-j-Ww- kz-¥-

am-Wv.- A-∂v- tKm-h- tI-µ- `-c-W- ]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp-∂p.-

F-∂m¬,- H-cp- Z-£n-tW-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\-Øv- B-Zy-

am-bn- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-Xv- X-an-gv-\m-´n-se- Pm-\-Io- cm-a-N-

µ-\m-Wv- (1988)-

î C-¥y- H-∂m-a-sØ- A-Wp-hn-kv-t^m-S-\w- (1974)- \-S-Øp-

tºmƒ- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- ]-[m-\-a-¥n.- F-

∂m¬,- c-≠m-a-tØ-Xv- \-S-Øp-tºmƒ- (1998)- hm-Pv-t]-

bn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- ]-[m-\-a-¥n.-

î Hm-kv-I-dn-\v- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- e-`n-®- (1958)-B-Zy- C-¥y-≥

Nn-Xw- sa-lv-_q-_v- Jm-≥ \n¿-am-W-hpw- kw-hn-[m-\-hpw-

\n¿-h-ln-®- a-Z¿- C-¥y-bm-Wv.- cm-Po-hv- A-©¬- kw-hn-

[m-\w- sN-bv-X- Kp-cp-hm-Wv- Hm-kv-Im¿- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw-

e-`n-®- B-Zy- a-e-bm-f- Nn-Xw- (1997).-

î O-Øn-kv-K-Vn-s‚- cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n- B-Zyw-

i-_v-Z-ap-b¿-Øn-b- hy-‡n-bm-Wv- tUm.-Jp-_v- N-µv- _-tK¬.-

F-∂m¬,- O-Øn-kv-K-Vv- F-∂- t]-cp-≈- kw-L-S-\- ÿm-

]n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n- i-¶¿- Kp-l- \n-tbm-Kn-bm-Wv.-

î C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- A-‚m¿-´n-Iv- F-Iv-kv-s]-Un-j-≥

tKm-h-bn¬-\n-∂v- Fw-hn- t]m-fm¿- k¿-°nƒ- F-∂- hm-

l-\-Øn¬- ]p-d-s∏-´-Xv- 1981˛-em-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- A-‚m¿-

´n-°-bn¬- F-Øn-b-Xv- 1982˛-em-Wv.-

î C-µn-cm-Km-\v-[n- \m-j-W¬- Hm-∏-¨- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-bp-

sS- B-Zy-sØ- ssh-kv- Nm-≥k-e¿- Pn.-cmw- sd-Õn-bm-

Wv.- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-bp-sS- B-

Zy- ssh-kv- Nm-≥k-e¿- Pn.-]m¿-∞-km-c-Yn-bm-Wv.-

î ]-Z-hn-bn-en-s°- A-¥-cn-®- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ Iym-_n-\-‰v- a-

¥n- k¿-Zm¿- h-√-`v-`m-bv- ]-t´¬- (1950).- h-[n-°-s∏-´- B-

Zy- Iym-_n-\-‰v- a-¥n- e-fn-Xv- \m-cm-b-¨- an-i- (1975).-

î C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- ]-©m-b-Øv- cm-Pv- kw-hn-[m-\w- \n-

e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- cm-P-ÿm-\n-em-Wv- (1959).- ]-©m-Øv- cm-

Pv- kw-hn-[m-\w- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy- Z-£n-tW-¥y-≥

kw-ÿm-\w- B-‘- ]-tZ-iv- (1959).- F-gp-]-Øn-aq-∂mw-

`-c-W-L-S-\m- t`-Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS- ]-©m-b-Øv- cm-Pv- kw-

hn-[m-\-Øn-\v- -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- ]n-≥_-ew- e-`n-®- ti-

jw- X-t±-i-kz-bw- -c-W- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-

Sp-∏v- \-S-Øn-b- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w- a-[y- ]-tZ-iv- B-

Wv.-

î C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- I-d-kv-t]m-≠-≥kv- tIm-gv-kv- B-

cw-`n-®- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bm-Wv- U¬-ln- k¿-h-I-em-im-

e.- kz-¥-am-bn- td-Un-tbm- \n-e-bw- ÿm-]n-®- B-Zy-

k¿-h-I-em-im-e- k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´¬- k¿-h-I-em-im-e.-

î C-¥y-bn-se- ]-©m-b-Øv- cm-Pv- kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-s‚- ]n-

Xm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- _¬-h-¥v- dm-bv- ta-Ø-bm-

Wv.- F-∂m¬,- ]-©m-b-Øv- cm-Pv- F-∂- ]-Z-]-tbm-Kw-

B-hn-jv-I-cn-®-Xv- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-hm-Wv.-

î C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-bp-sS- kv-a-c-W-bv-°m-bn- l-cn-]-km-Zv-

Nu-c-ky- Nn-´-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- cm-K-am-Wv- C-µn-cm- I-eym-

¨.- Aw-P-Zv- A-en- Jm-≥ Nn-´-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- cm-K-am-Wv-

]n-b-Z¿-in-\n.-

î Fw.-hn-tiz-iz-c-ø-bp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\-am-b- sk-]v-Xw-_¿- 15

B-Wv- C-¥y-bn¬- F-©n-\o-tb-gv-kv- Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.- tUm.-_n-[m-≥ N-µ- tdm-bn-bp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\-am-

b- Pq-em-bv- H-∂v- B-Wv- tUm-Iv-tS-gv-kv- Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-

cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

î G-jy-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- ]-X-am-Wv- apw-ss_-

bn¬-\n-∂v- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂- Kp-P-dm-Øn- ]-X-am-b-

t_mw-s_- k-am-Nm¿.- 1822 Pq-sse- H-∂n-\m-Wv- B-Zy-

]-Xw- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xv.- F-∂m¬,- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-

sØ- ]-Xw- _w-Kmƒ- K-k-‰pw- (1780)- tI-c-f-Øn-te-Xv-

cm-Py-k-am-Nm-c-hp-am-Wv- (1847).-

î C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- P-\n-®v- C-¥y-≥ ]-[m-\-a-¥n-

bm-b- (1964)- t\-Xm-hv- em¬- _-lm-Zq¿- im-kv-Xn-bm-Wv-

(1904˛-1966).- C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- P-\n-®v- C-¥y-≥ ]-

kn-U-‚m-b- (1974)- B-Zy- hy-‡n- ^-Ip-±o-≥ A-en- A-

l-Ω-Zm-Wv- (1905˛-1977).- C-h¿- c-≠p-t]-cpw- ]-Z-hn-bn-en-

cn-s°-bm-Wv- A-¥-cn-®-Xv.- kz-X-¥- C-¥y-bn¬- P-\n-®-

h-cn¬- C-¥y-≥ ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy- t\-Xm-hm-Wv-

\-tc-µ- tam-Zn.-

î cm-Pn-h-®- B-Zy-sØ- tI-µ- a-¥n- B¿.-sI.-j- -ap-Jw- sN-

´n.- cm-Pn-h-®- B-Zy- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn.-

î tUm.- F-kv- cm-[m-Ir-jv-W-s≥d- P-∑-Zn-\-am-Wv- (sk-]v-

Xw-_¿- 5)- tZ-io-b- A-[ym-]-I-Zn-\w.- .- au-em-\m- B-

km-Zn-s‚- P-∑-Zn-\-am-b- \-hw-_¿- 11 B-Wv- tZ-io-b- hn-

Zym-`ym-k- Zn-\w.-

î H-Uo-kn- \r-Ø-Øn-s‚- hn-I-k-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n- ]-cn-i-

an-®-Xv- tI-fp-N-c-¨- a-lm-]m-X.- b-£-Km-\-Øn-s‚- ]p-

tcm-K-Xn-°m-bn- ]-cn-i-an-®-Xv- in-h-cm-a- Im-c-¥v.-

î kn-\n-am-\-S-\pw- \-Sn-bpw- ap-Jy-a-¥n-ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-b-

B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- X-an-gv-\m-Sv.- ]-kn-U-‚n-s\-

bpw- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-sb-bpw- kw-`m-h-\- sN-bv-X- sX-t°-

C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- B-‘m-]-tZ-iv.-

î ln-am-e-b-≥ ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se- hr-£-ß-sf-bpw- Po-hn-I-

sf-bpw- kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Un¬- N-tam-

en- Pn-√-bn-se- a-Wv-U¬- Km-a-Øn¬- N-Wv-Un-]-km-Zv-

`-´v- F-∂- Km-ao-W-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- 1973˛¬- cq-]w-

sIm-≠- ]-ÿm-\-am-Wv- Nn-]v-tIm- ]-ÿm-\w.- kp-µ¿-

em¬- _-lp-Kp-W- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- Cu- ]-ÿm-

\w- tem-I-i-≤-bn-se-Øn-b-Xv.-

î tZ-io-tbm-Zv-K-Y-\- Zn-\-am-bn- (\-hw-_¿- 19)- C-µn-cm-Km-

\v-[n-bp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\-hpw- tZ-io-b- ]p-\-c¿-∏-W-Zn-\-am-bn-

(H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 31)- N-c-a-Zn-\-hpw- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.-

î Z-Z- \-K¿- l-th-en- C-¥y-≥ bq-Wn-b-s‚- `m-K-am-b- h¿-

j-am-Wv- 1961.- F-∂m¬,- tKm-h,- Zm-a-≥,- Zn-bp- F-∂n-h-

bp-sS- ta¬- C-¥y-°p-≈- ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw- t]m¿-®p-K¬-

Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-Xv- 1971˛-em-Wv.-

î C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b- sd-bn¬-th- πm-‰v-t^mw-

F-∂- _-lp-a-Xn- C-t∏mƒ- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-in-se- tKm-c-Jv-

]q-cn-\m-Wv- (1366 ao.-)- ap-ºv- Cu- ]-Z-hn- ]-›n-a- _w-Km-

fn-se- J-c-Kv-]q-cn-\v- (1072.-5 ao.-)- kz-¥-am-bn-cp-∂p.- Z-£n-

tW-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- sd-bn¬-th- πm-‰v-

t^mw,- C-¥y-bn-se- c-≠m-a-sØ- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b-

sd-bn¬-th- πm-‰v-t^mw- F-∂n-h- sIm-√-Øn-\v- kz-¥-am-

Wv- (1180.-5 ao.-)-

î C-¥y-≥ bq-Wn-b-s‚- `m-K-am-b- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Zzo-]v-˛-

1523 N.-In.-ao.- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≈- an-Un¬- B-≥U-am-≥

(t\m¿-Øv- B-≥U-am-≥ Zzo-]n-s‚- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 1317

N.-In.-ao.- F-∂m¬,- C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- P-\-kw-Jy- Iq-

Sn-b- Zzo-]v- apw-ss_-bn-se- km¬-sk-‰v- B-Wv.-

î Z-£n-tW-¥y-bp-sS- A-cn-°n-Æw- F-∂v- Ir-jv-Wm-˛-tKm-

Zm-h-cn- U¬-‰-bpw- Z-£n-tW-¥y-bp-sS- [m-\y-∏p-c- F-∂v-

X-©m-hq-cpw- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

î C-¥y-bn-se- kzn-‰v-k¿-e-≥Uv- F-∂p- hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv- Im-

iv-ao-cn-s\-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- bq-tdm-∏n-se- I-iv-ao¿- F-

∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- kzn-‰v-k¿-e-≥Um-Wv.- em-‰n-≥ A-ta-cn-

°-bn-se- kzn-‰v-k¿-e-‚ v- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-ap-≈- cm-Py-

am-Wv- D-dp-Kzm-bv.-

î C-¥y-bp-am-bn- A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂- cm-Py-ß-fn¬- sX-

°p-In-g-°-t\-jy-bp-sS- `m-K-am-b- G-I- cm-Py-am-Wv- aym-

≥a¿.- C-¥y-bp-sS- `m-K-am-b- ]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬- sX-°p-In-g-

°-t\-jy-bp-sS- `m-K-am-b- G-I- ]-tZ-iw- B-¥-am-≥ \n-

t°m-_m¿- (C-¥y- H-cp- sX-°-t\-jy-≥ cm-Py-am-Wv-).-

î kn-°nw- dn-k¿-®v- C-≥Ãn-‰yq- v- Hm- v- Sn-_-t‰m-f-Pn- Km-Mv-

tSm-°n-em-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- sk-≥S¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq- v- Hm- v-

l-b¿- Sn-_-‰-≥ Ã-Uo-kv- hm-c-Wm-kn-bn-em-Wv- (bp.-]n.-).-

î a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- I-Ωo-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\-am-Wv- am-\-hv- A-

[n-Im¿- `-h-≥.- F-∂m¬- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- I-Ωo-j-s‚-

ap-≥ B-ÿm-\w- k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´¬- `-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p.-

î a-Zm-kv- kw-kv-Ym-\-Øn-s≥d- t]-cv- X-an-gv-\m-Sv- F-∂m-

°n-am-‰n-b- h¿-j-am-Wv- 1969.- F-∂m¬,- ssa-kq¿- kw-

ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- t]-cv- I¿-Wm-S-Iw- F-∂p-am-‰n-b-Xv- 1973˛-

em-Wv.-

î \m-Km¿-Pp-\-km-K¿- A-W-s°- v- Ir-jv-W- \-Zn-bn-em-Wv.-

F-∂m¬,- Ir-jv-W-cm-P-km-K¿- Im-th-cn-bn-em-Wv.-

î C-¥y-sb-bpw- ssN-\-tb-bpw- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂- A-Xn¿-Øn-

tc-J-bm-Wv- a-Iv-a-tlm-≥ sse-≥.- ]m-In-kv-Xm-s\-bpw- C-

¥y-sb-bpw- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- dm-Uv-¢n- v- tc-J.-

î C-¥y-sb-bpw- t\-∏m-fn-s\-bpw- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- a-lm-

`m-c-Xv- \n-c-Iƒ.- C-¥y-sb-bpw- aym-≥a-dn-s\-bpw- th¿-

Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- ]-Sv-Im-bv- \n-c-Iƒ.-

î km-enw- A-en- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°v- P-Ωp- I-iv-ao-cn-

em-Wv.- k-enw- A-en- kv-Iqƒ- Hm-^v- C-t°m-f-Pn- B-

‚ v- F-≥h-tbm-¨-sa-‚¬- k-b-≥k-kv- ]p-Xp-t®-cn-bn-

em-Wv.-

î tUm.-k-enw- A-en- ]-£n- k-t¶-Xw- tKm-h-bn-em-Wv.- tUm.-

k-enw- A-en- k-tcm-h¿- (X-Sm-Iw-)- a-lm-cm-jv-S-bn-se-

Hu-dw-K-_m-Zn-em-Wv.-

î Km-‘n- km-K¿- Umw- a-[y-]-tZ-in¬- Nw-_¬- \-Zn-bn-

em-Wv.- C-tX- \-Zn-bn¬- \n¿-an-®n-cn-°p-∂- P-hm-l¿- km-

K¿- Umw- cm-P-ÿm-\n-em-Wv.-

î C-¥y-sb-t∏m-se,- B-K-Ãv- 15˛-\v- kzm-X-¥y-Zn-\w- B-

tLm-jn-°p-∂- cm-Py-am-Wv- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- Hm-^v- tImw-tKm.-

C-tX- ]-tXy-I-X-bp-≈- a-s‰m-cp-cm-Pyw- sX-°-≥ sIm-dn-

b-bm-Wv.-

î ln-µp-kv-Ym-≥ s]-tSm-fn-bw- tIm¿-]-td-j-s≥d- B-kv-

Ym-\w- hn-im-J-]-´-W-am-Wv.- C-¥y-≥ Hm-bn¬- tIm¿-∏-

td-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- \yq-U¬-ln.- `m-c-Xv- s]-tSm-fn-b-

Øn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- apw-ss_.-

î Kw-K-bp-sS- D¬-∏-Øn-]-hm-l-ß-fm-b- A-f-I-\-µ-bpw- -

Ko-c-Yn-bpw- kw-K-an-°p-∂-Xv- tZ-h-]-bm-Kn¬- h-®m-Wv.-

]-bm-Kv- A-Y-hm- A-e-l-_m-Zn¬-h-®m-Wv- Kw-K-bp-sS- G-

‰-hpw- h-en-b- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-b- b-ap-\,- Kw-K-tbm-Sv- tN-

cp-∂-Xv.-

î cm-Pm-Pn- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°v- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Uv- kw-ÿm-

\-Øm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- cm-Pm-Pn-bp-sS- (kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-

em-Nm-cn-)- kz-tZ-iw- X-an-gv-\m-Sm-Wv.-

100 Confusing Facts

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 19

1.- -B-[p-\n-I- ssh-Zy-im-kv-X-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv-:--(F-)- sl-tdm-tUm-´-kv- -(_n-)- lm-\n-am-≥-(kn-)- ln-t∏m-Im-‰-kv- -(Un-)- kp-ip-X-≥

2.- -tIm-i-Øn-se- P-\n-XI hkv-Xp-- G-Xm-Wv-?--(F-)- Un-F-≥F- -(_n-)- t]m-t´m-πm-kw--(kn-)- ssk-t‰m-πm-kw- -(Un-)- ssd-t_m-tkmw-

3.- -a-\p-jy-s‚- G-‰-hp-a-Sp-Ø- ap-≥Km-an-:--(F-)- s]-°n-Mv- a-\p-jy-≥ --(_n-)- Pm-hm- a-\p-jy-≥-(kn-)- tIm-am-Kv-\-≥ a-\p-jy-≥ -(Un-)- \n-bm-U¿-Xm¬- a-\p-jy-≥

4.- -B-\-bp-sS- K¿-`-Im-ew-:--(F-)- 9˛-10 am-kw- -(_n-)- 10˛-12 am-kw--(kn-)- 16˛-18 am-kw- -(Un-)- 22˛-24 am-kw-

5.- -`q-an-bp-sS- Im-¥n-Im-I¿-j-W- i-‡n-°-\p-k-cn-®v- k-©-cn-°p-∂- Po-hn-:--(F-)- ]m-ºv- -(_n-)- H-®v-

-(kn-)- X-h-f- -(Un-)- A-´-6.- -Nn-e-¥n-bp-sS- iz-k-\m-h-b-hw-:-

-(F-)- _p-°v-e-Mv- -(_n-)- Kn-√p-Iƒ--(kn-)- Xz-°v- -(Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

7.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Lm-W-i-‡n-bp-≈- P-¥p-:--(F-)- \m-b- -(_n-)- km-hv--(kn-)- ]m-ºv- -(Un-)- ]q-®-

8.- -B-¨-Po-hn-bp-sS- D-Z-c-Øn¬-\n-∂v- Ip-™v- ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-∂- Po-hn-h¿-Kw-:--(F-)- km-hv- -(_n-)- ln-t∏m-Im-º-kv--(kn-)- Cu¬- -(Un-)- ]n-cm-\-

9.- -]-£n-I-fp-sS- cm-Pm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- a-bn¬- -(_n-)- I-gp-I-≥-(kn-)- ]-cp-¥v- -(Un-)- s]-≥Kzn-≥

10.- -G-‰-hpw- Xm-gv-∂- Du-jv-am-hn¬- Po-hn-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈-]-£n-:--(F-)- F-º-d¿- s]-≥Kzn-≥ -(_n-)- ^m¬-°-¨--(kn-)- kzn-^v-‰v- -(Un-)- th-gm-º¬-

11.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- I-ti-cp-In-:--(F-)- knw-lw- -(_n-)- B-\--(kn-)- \o-e-Øn-anw-K-ew- -(Un-)- Pn-dm-^v-

12.- -Im-≠m-ar-K-Øn-s‚- sIm-ºv- F-¥n-s‚- cq-]m-¥-c-W-am-Wv-?--(F-)- tcm-aw- -(_n-)- ]-√v--(kn-)- aq-°v- -(Un-)- tam-W-

13.- -Pw-\m-]m-cn- G-Xn-\w- ar-K-am-Wv-?--(F-)- \m-b- -(_n-)- H-´-Iw--(kn-)- ]-ip- -(Un-)- B-Sv-

14.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- D-`-b-Po-hn-:-

G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ep-Ifp-≈ Po-hn-

kb≥k v

]cnioe\ tNmZy߃

-(F-)- P-b-‚ v- km-e-am-≥U¿- -(_n-)- tKm-en-bm-Øv- X-h-f--(kn-)- ap-X-e--(Un-)- H-Iv-tSm-∏-kv-

15.- -G-‰-hpw- th-Kw- Iq-Sn-b- j-Uv-]-Zw-:--(F-)- tX-\o-®- -(_n-)- Um-K-¨- Cu-®--(kn-)- sIm-Xp-Iv- -(Un-)- h-≠v-

16.- -G-‰-hpw- B-I-a-W-Im-cn-bm-b- Po-hn-:--(F-)- ]n-cm-\- -(_n-)- knw-lw--(kn-)- \m-b- -(Un-)- I-gp-X-∏p-en-

17.- -sam-fp-kv-Ip-I-fp-sS- c-‡-Øn-s‚- \n-dw-:--(F-)- \n-d-an-√- -(_n-)- Np-h-∏v--(kn-)- \o-e- -(Un-)- ]-®-

18.- -A-W-en-hn-jw- G-Xn-s\-bm-Wv- _m-[n-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- iz-k-\- hy-h-kv-Y- --(_n-)- \m-Uo-hy-h-kv-Y--(kn-)- c-‡-]-cy-b-\- hy-h-kv-Y--(Un-)- hn-k¿-P-\- hy-h-kv-Y-

19.- -P-e-Po-hn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- _p-≤n-i-‡n- Iq-Sn-b-Xv-:--(F-)- Xn-anw-K-ew- -(_n-)- km-hv--(kn-)- Xn-anw-K-e- km-hv- -(Un-)- tUmƒ-^n-≥

20.- -G-Xn-s‚- ap-≥Km-an-bm-Wv- B¿-°n-tbm-]v-s‰-dn-Iv-kv-?--(F-)- ]-£n-Iƒ- -(_n-)- ]m-ºp-Iƒ--(kn-)- k-kv-X-\-߃- -(Un-)- a-’y-߃-

21.- -I-dp-Ø- a-c-Ww- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-Øn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- tcm-Kw-:--(F-)- tπ-Kv- -(_n-)- F-bv-Uv-kv--(kn-)- Ip-jv-Tw- -(Un-)- £-bw-

22.- -kq-cy-]-Im-i-Øn-se- Aƒ-Sm- h-b-e-‰v- In-c-W-ß-fp-sS-]-h¿-Ø-\-Øm¬- a-\p-jy-s‚- Xz-°v- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- hn-‰m-an-≥.--(F-)- sI- -(_n-)- _n- 6-(kn-)- _n- 12 -(Un-)- Un-

23.- -a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- bq-dn-b- D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- hr-°- -(_n-)- I-cƒ--(kn-)- lr-Z-bw- -(Un-)- izm-k-tIm-iw-

24.- -H-cp- Kmw- sIm-gp-∏n¬- F-X- I-tem-dn- Du¿-Pw- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-?--(F-)- 9.-3 -(_n-)- 4.-6-(kn-)- 3.-1 -(Un-)- 5.-5

25.- -a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]p-\-cp-÷o-h-\- ti-jn-bp-≈- A-h-b-hw-:--(F-)- Ip-S¬- -(_n-)- ]m-≥In-bm-kv-

-(kn-)- izm-k-tIm-iw- -(Un-)- I-cƒ-26.- -Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-h-bn¬- G-Xn¬-\n-∂m-Wv-

t]m-´o-≥ e-`y-a-√m-Ø-Xv-?--(F-)- amw-kw- -(_n-)- ap-´--(kn-)- a-’yw- -(Un-)- A-cn-

27.- -G-Xv- A-h-b-h-am-Wv- sd-\n-≥ F-∂- tlm¿-tam-¨- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- I-cƒ- -(_n-)- hr-°--(kn-)- ]m-≥In-bm-kv- -(Un-)- izm-k-tIm-iw-

28.- -ss•-t°m-P-≥ ]-[m-\-am-bpw- kw-`-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?--(F-)- πo-l- -(_n-)- F-√p-Iƒ--(kn-)- lr-Z-bw- --(Un-)- I-c-fn-epw- t]-in-I-fn-epw-

29.- -G-Xv- am-‰n-h-bv-°p-∂- i-kv-X-In-b-bm-Wv- sI-cm-t‰m-πm-kv-‰n-?--(F-)- tIm¿-Wn-b- -(_n-)- ]yq-∏nƒ--(kn-)- sF-dn-kv- -(Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

30.- -t]m-fn--tbm-bv-°v- F-Xn-sc-bp-≈- B-Zy-sØ- -e-]-Z-am-b- hm-Iv-kn-≥ I-≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xm-cv-?--(F-)- B¬-_¿-´v- km-_n-≥ - -(_n-)- eq-bn- ]m-kv-‰¿--(kn-)- tPm-\m-kv- C- km¬-°v--(Un-)- hn-eyw- lm¿-hn-

31.- -G-Xv- tcm-K-sØ- ]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\m-Wv- _n-kn-Pn- hm-Iv-kn-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- £-bw- -(_n-)- Ip-jv-Tw--(kn-)- tKm-bn-‰¿- -(Un-)- s]-√m-K-

32.- -a-\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Øn-s‚- i-cm-i-cn- m-cw-:--(F-)- 400 Kmw- -(_n-)- 500 Kmw--(kn-)- 300 Kmw- -(Un-)- 100 Kmw-

33.- -am-‰n-h-bv-°-s∏-´- B-Zy-sØ- a-\p-jym-h-b-hw-:--(F-)- I-cƒ- -(_n-)- tIm¿-Wn-b--(kn-)- hr-°- -(Un-)- lr-Z-bw-

34.- -F-¥n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv- sl-∏-t‰m-f-Pn-?--(F-)- lr-Z-bw- -(_n-)- I-cƒ--(kn-)- ]m-≥In-bm-kv- -(Un-)- hr-°-

35.- -Xm-sg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-h-bn¬- G-Xv- A-kp-J-am-Wv-Cu-®- ]-c-Øp-∂-Xv- A-√m-Ø-Xv-?--(F-)- tIm-f-d- -(_n-)- F-‚-dn-Iv- ^o--h¿--(kn-)- sU-¶n-∏-\n- -(Un-)- h-b-dn-f-°w-

36.- -B¿-F-≥F-bn¬- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂- ss\-S-P-≥ t_-kv-:--(F-)- ssX-an-≥ -(_n-)- Kzm-\n-≥-(kn-)- bp-dm-kn¬- -(Un-)- A-Un-\n-≥

37.- -Po-hn-°p-∂- t^m-kn¬- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ar-Kw-:--(F-)- ]m-≠- -(_n-)- tIm-hm-e--(kn-)- I-gp-X∏p-en- -(Un-)- ]p-≈n-∏p-en-

38.- -F-¥n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv- B-≥Pn-tbm-f-Pn-?--(F-)- c-‡-°p-g-ep-Iƒ- -(_n-)- lr-Z-bw--(kn-)- ]m-b-ta-d¬- -(Un-)- \m-Uo-hy-h-kv-Y-

39.- -k-kv-X-\-߃-°n-S-bn-se- H-tc-sbm-cp- ]-cm-Z-Po-hn-:--(F-)- Xn-anw-K-ew- -(_n-)- I-gp-X-∏p-en--(kn-)- hm-º-b¿- h-∆m¬- -(Un-)- [p-h-°-c-Sn-

40.- -am¿-Pm-c- Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬- th-K-Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬-c≠mw- kv-Ym-\w- B¿-°m-Wv-?--(F-)- ]p-≈n-∏p-en- -(_n-)- No-‰--(kn-)- knw-lw- -(Un-)- Pm-Kzm¿-

41.- -a-¥v- ]-c-Øp-∂- Po-hn-:-(F-)- Iyq-e-Iv-kv- sIm-Xp-Iv- - -(_n-)- F-en-s®-≈v--(kn-)- A-t\m-^n-e-kv- sIm-Xp-Iv--(Un-)- πm-kv-tam-Un-bw-

42.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- I-Æp-≈- Po-hn-:--(F-)- B-\- -(_n-)- Pn-dm-^v--(kn-)- Im-≠m-ar-Kw- -(Un-)- `o-a-≥ I-W-h-

20 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

43.- -B-¥m-Iv-kn-\p- Im-c-W-am-b- Po-hn-:--(F-)- ssh-d-kv- -(_n-)- _m-Iv-So-cn-b--(kn-)- ^w-K-kv- -(Un-)- πm-kv-tam-Un-bw-

44.- -G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- a-’yw-:--(F-)- a-Øn- -(_n-)- ]n-cm-\--(kn-)- A-\m-_-kv- -(Un-)- ]n-Kv-an- tKm-_n-

45.- -]-£n-I-fp-sS- lr-Z-b-Øn-se- A-d-I-fp-sS- F-Æw-:--(F-)- 2 -(_n-)- 3-(kn-)- 4 -(Un-)- 5

46.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Zq-cw- tZ-im-S-\w- \-S-Øp-∂- k-kv-X-\w-:--(F-)- tK- Xn-anw-K-ew- -(_n-)- tUmƒ-^n-≥-(kn-)- I-S¬-∏-ip- -(Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

47.- -Im-ep-I-fn¬- i-h-tW-µn-b-ap-≈- Po-hn-:--(F-)- R-≠v- -(_n-)- Nn-e-¥n--(kn-)- I-W-h- -(Un-)- No-ho-Sv-

48.- -G-‰-hpw- th-Kw- Ip-d-™- k-kv-X-\w-:--(F-)- bm-Iv- -(_n-)- Im-´p-t]m-Øv--(kn-)- H-®v- -(Un-)- kv-tem-Øv-

49.- -G-‰-hpw- I-´n-Iq-Sn-b- Xz-°p-≈- P-¥p-:--(F-)- ln-t∏m-s]m-´m-a-kv- -(_n-)- B-\--(kn-)- Im-≠m-ar-Kw- -(Un-)- H-´-Iw-

50.- -G-‰-hpw- i-‡-\m-b- ar-Kw- F-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- H-´-Iw- -(_n-)- Ip-Xn-c--(kn-)- Pn-dm-^v- -(Un-)- B-\-

51.- -G-Xv- ]-tZ-i-Øm-Wv- bm-Iv- F-∂- ar-K-sØ- Im-Wm-≥I-gn-bp-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- B-^n-°- -(_n-)- Sn-_-‰v--(kn-)- C-t¥m-t\-jy- -(Un-)- B¿-´n-Iv- ]-tZ-iw-

52.- -tlmƒ-kv-s‰-bn-≥ ˛- ^o-jy-≥ ]-ip-hn-s‚- kz-tZ-iw-:--(F-)- Cw-•-≠v- -(_n-)- s\-X¿-e-≥Uv-kv--(kn-)- sa-Iv-kn-t°m- -(Un-)- bp-F-kv-F-

53.- -I-c-bn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- A-I-ti-cp-In-:--(F-)- tIm-°-\-´v- Im-_v- -(_n-)- h-≠v--(kn-)- A-´- -(Un-)- ]-gp-Xm-c-

54.- -A-\-en-Up-I-fp-sS- c-‡-Øn-s‚- \n-dw-:--(F-)- ]-®- -(_n-)- \o-e--(kn-)- Np-h-∏v- -(Un-)- \n-d-an-√-

55.- -a-Æn-c-bp-sS- hn-k¿-P-\m-h-b-hw-:--(F-)- _p-°v-e-Mv- -(_n-)- s\-^o-Un-b--(kn-)- hr-°- -(Un-)- am¬-]o-Pn-b-≥ Syq-_v-

56.- -]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- I-e-∏- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-

-(F-)- a-Æn-c- -(_n-)- s]-cp-ºm-ºv--(kn-)- ]m-‰- -(Un-)- Im-°-

57. GXn-s‚ km-∂n-[y--am-Wv- s_\Un-Iv-Sv- sSkv-‰n-eq-sSXn-cn-®dn-bp-∂Xv?-(F) £bw- (_n) Ub_‰n-kv-(kn) Im≥-k¿- (Un) tKm-bn-‰¿-

58.- Fen-s®≈v- ]cØp-∂ tcm-Kw:(F) sS‰\kv- (_n) s]¿-´q-kn-kv-(kn) Un-^v-Xo-cn-b (Un) tπKv-

59.- Im¬- D]tbm-Kn-®v- cp-Nn-bdn-bp-∂ Po-hn-:(F) Nn-e¥n- (_n) Nn-Xie`w-(kn) Xhf (Un) ]m-‰

60.- atedn-bbv-°v- Im-cWam-Ip-∂ AWp-Po-hn-:(F) πm-kv-tam-Un-bw-(_n) At\m-^n-ekv- sIm-Xp-Iv-(kn) _m-Iv-So-cn-b(Un) sshdkv-

61.- a’y-ßsf°p-dn-®p-≈ ]T\w-:(F) CIv-Xn-tbm-fPn- (_n) H^n-tbm-fPn-(kn) sk¿-∏t‚m-fPn- (Un) sl¿-∏t‰m-fPn-

62.- kz-bw- Nen-°m≥- Ign-hn-√m-Ø Po-hn-:(F) H®v- (_n) kv-tem-Øv-(kn) kv-t]m-©v- (Un) IS¬-t®\

63.- ]m-‰bv-°v- FX tPm-Sn- Nn-dIp-Ifp-≠v-(F) 2 (_n) 3(kn) 4 (Un) 5

64.- G‰hpw- hen-b AIticp-In-:(F) `o-a≥- IWh (_n) \£Xa’yw-(kn) \o-cm-fn- (Un) IWh

65.- Xm-sgs°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂hbn¬- GXn\m-Wv- G‰hpw-D®Øn¬- i_v-Zap-≠m-°m≥- Ign-bp-∂Xv?-(F) B\- (_n) \o-eØn-anw-Kew-(kn) Pn-dm-^v- (Un) ln-t∏m-s]m-´m-akv-

66.- a‰p- Po-hn-Iƒ- \n¿-an-°p-∂ Iq-Sn-\p-≈n¬- Po-hn-°p-∂P¥p-hn-`m-Kw-:(F) ]£n-Iƒ- (_n) Fen-(kn) ]m-ºv- (Un) a’yw-

67.- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ep-Ifp-≈ Po-hn-:(F) ]gpXm-c (_n) A´(kn) Nn-e¥n- (Un) ]m-‰

68.- Aao-_bp-sS hn-k¿-P\m-hbhw-:(F) tIm¨-Sm-Iv-Sdn- hm-Iyqƒ-(_n) s\^o-Un-b(kn) hr-°(Un) am¬-]n-Pnb≥- Syq-_v-

69.- ]d°m≥- Ign-hp≈ ]£n-Ifn¬- G‰hpw- hep-Xv-:(F) _mƒ-Uv- Cu-Knƒ- (_n) B¬-_tSm-kv-(kn) tK‰v- _kv-‰m¿-Uv- (Un) Pb‚ v- dp-°v-

70.- aÆn-cbp-sS c‡Øn-s‚ \n-dw-:(F) ]® (_n) \o-e(kn) Np-h∏v- (Un) \n-dan-√

71.- acp-`q-an-bn-se I∏¬- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂ ar-Kw-:(F) H°m-∏n- (_n) Pn-dm-^v-(kn) H´Iw- (Un) Ip-Xn-c

72.- aq¿-Js‚ hn-jw- GXn-s\bm-Wv- _m-[n-°p-∂Xv?-(F) \m-Uo-hy-hkv-Y(_n) c‡]cy-b\ hy-hkv-Y(kn) hn-k¿-P\ hy-hkv-Y(Un) iz-k\ hy-hkv-Y

73.- lo-tam-kbm-\n≥- c‡Øn-\v- GXv- \n-dam-Wv- \¬-Ip-∂Xv?-(F) Np-h∏v- (_n) ]®(kn) \o-e (Un) a™

74.- B‚n_tbm- n-°m-b s]\n-sken≥- D¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Po-hn-:(F) B¬-K (_n) ^w-Kkv-(kn) _m-Iv-So-cn-b (Un) sshdkv-

75.- F¥n-s\°p-dn-®p-≈ ]T\am-Wv- H^n-tbm-fPn?-(F) ]m-ºp-Iƒ- (_n) kkv-X\߃-(kn) ]£n-Iƒ- (Un) a’y-߃-

76.- t^m-kn¬- a’yw- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F) aØn- (_n) ko-em-Im-¥v-(kn) Nm-f (Un) Nq-c

77.- sIm-hm-ebp-sS ap-Jy-`£Ww- GXn-s‚ CeIfm-Wv?-(F) ap-f (_n) bq-°m-en-]v-‰kv-(kn) ss]\kv- (Un) ]\

78.- knw-lßsf BIan-°m≥- Ign-hp-≈ Po-hn-:(F) Igp-X∏p-en- (_n) sN∂m-b(kn) Pn-dm-^v- (Un) ]p-≈n-∏p-en-

79.- sh¿-an-Iƒ-®¿- F¥p-am-bn- _‘s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p?-(F) ]´v- (_n) ]gw-(kn) tX\o-® (Un) aÆn-c

80.- GXv- Po-hn-bp-sS hm-kkv-Yeam-Wv- dq-°dn- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv?-(F) In-hn- (_n) abn¬-(kn) s]≥-Kzn≥- (Un) Fap-

81.- B\bv-°v- FX ]√p-Ifp-≠v?-(F) 6 (_n) 8(kn) 4 (Un) 32

82.- Fap-hn-s‚ kz-tZiw-:(F) B^n-° (_n) hSt° Atacn-°(kn) sXt° Atacn-° (Un) Hm-kv-tSen-b

83.- am¿-Pm-c Ip-Spw-_Øn¬- hep-∏Øn¬- c≠mw- kv-Ym-\ap-≈Xv-:(F) knw-lw- (_n) ISp-h(kn) Pm-Kzm¿- (Un) ]p-≈n-∏p-en-

84.- tcm-aßfn-√m-Ø kkv-X\w-:(F) bm-Iv- (_n) kv-tem-Øv-(kn) \o-eØn-anw-Kew- (Un) \o¿-°p-Xn-c

85. ap-´p-Nn-c´bp-sS im-kv-Xo-b \m-aw-:(F) ^n-_p-e (_n) Sn-_n-b(kn) tdUn-bkv- (Un) ]m-s‰√

86.- tπ‰v-se‰p-Ifp-sS Po-hn-XIm-ew- FX Zn-hkam-Wv?-(F) 120 (_n) 15(kn) 7 (Un) 2

87.- a\p-jy-s‚ Bam-ibØn¬- FX AdIfp-≠v?-(F) 2 (_n) 1(kn) 3 (Un) 4

88.- bp-hXz- tlm¿-tam¨- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-(F) Cu-kv-SP≥- (_n) AUn-\m-en≥-(kn) ssXtam-kn≥- (Un) t]m-Pkv-s‰tdm¨-

89. ""G‰hpw- sa®s∏´Xv- \n-e\n¬-°pw''- F∂ kn-≤m-¥Øn-s‚ D]Pv-Rm-Xm-hv- :

(F) em-am¿-°v- (_n) sa≥-U¬-(kn) tPm-lm≥-k¨- (Un) Um¿-hn≥-

90.- a\p-jy-s‚ t]in-Ifn¬- FX iXam-\w- Peap-≠v?-(F) 25 (_n) 55(kn) 50 (Un) 75

91.- hr-°bp-sS kao-]w- kv-Yn-Xn- sNøp-∂ KŸn-tbXv?-(F) AUo-\¬- (_n) ssXtdm-bv-Uv-(kn) ]n-‰yq-‰dn- (Un) ssXakv-

92.- G‰hpw- km-[m-cWam-bn- I≠p-hcp-∂ c‡Kq-∏v-:(F) H t]m-kn-‰o-hv- (_n) F_n- s\K‰o-hv-(kn) _n- t]m-kn-‰o-hv- (Un) _n- s\K‰o-hv-

93.- GXv- Ahbhw- ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\m-Wv- Hm-t´m-kv-tIm-∏v-D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv?-(F) sNhn- (_n) aq-°v-(kn) IÆv- (Un) \m-°v-

94.- a\p-jy-s‚ Hcp- hr-°bp-sS icm-icn- m-cw- FX Kmw-BWv?-(F) 150 (_n) 100(kn) 300 (Un) 450

95.- hf¿-®m- KŸn- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F) ssXakv- (_n) ssXtdm-bv-Uv-(kn) ]n-‰yq-‰dn- (Un) AUo-\¬-

96.- GXv- Ahbhw- \o-°w- sNøp-∂ ]In-bbm-Wv- ln-kv-‰dIv-San?-(F) ssXtdm-bv-Uv- KŸn- (_n) hr-°(kn) K¿-`]m-Xw- (Un) Chsbm-∂p-a√

97. F¥n-s\°p-dn-®p-≈ ]T\am-Wv- atbm-fPn-(F) t]in-Iƒ- (_n) AkvYn-Iƒ-(kn) Icƒ- (Un) Xetbm-´n-

98.- "sNdp akvXnjvIw'- (an-\n- _bn≥)F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F) skdn-_w- (_n) skdn-_√w-(kn) saUp--√ (Un) sslt∏m-Xem-akv-

99.- a\p-jy-ico-cØn-se G‰hpw- hen-b t]in-:(F) km¿-t´m-dn-bkv-(_n) kv-t‰∏o-Un-bkv-(kn) •q-´n-bkv- am-Iv-kn-akv-(Un) kn-en-bdn- t]in-Iƒ-

100.- GXn-\w- Po-hn-bm-Wv- s]bn‚Uv- teUn?-(F) Nn-e¥n- (_n) Nn-Xie`w-(kn) s]cp-ºm-ºv- (Un) h≠v-

Answers1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (d) 4 (d) 5 (b) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (a) 11 (c)12 (a) 13 (d) 14 (a) 15 (b) 16 a) 17 (c) 18 (c) 19 (d) 20 (a)21(a) 22 (d) 23 (b) 24 (a) 25 (d) 26 (d) 27 (b) 28 (d) 29 (a) 30(c) 31 (a) 32 (c) 33 (c) 34 (b) 35 (c) 36 (c) 37 (a) 38 (a) 39 (c)40 (c) 41 (c) 42 (d) 43 (b) 44 (d) 45 (c) 46 (a) 47 (d) 48 (d) 49(c) 50 (d) 51 (b) 52 (b) 53 (a) 54 (a) 55 (b) 56 (a) 57 (b) 58 (d)59 (b) 60 (a) 61 (a) 62 (c) 63 (a) 64 (a) 65 (b) 66 (c) 67 (b) 68(a) 69 (c) 70 (c) 71 (c) 72 (a) 73 (c) 74 (b) 75 (a) 76 (b) 77 (b)78 (a) 79 (d) 80 (c) 81 (c) 82 (d) 83 (a) 84 (c) 85 (d) 86 (c) 87(b) 88 (c) 89 (d) 90 (d) 91 (a) 92 (a) 93 (a) 94 (a) 95 (c) 96 (c)97 (a) 98 (b) 99 (c) 100 (b)

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 21

AΩp kzman\mY≥ (1894-- 1978)sk-≥S¬- e-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn,- tIm-¨-Ãn-‰yp-h-‚ v- A-kw-ªn,- C-S-°m-e- ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v,- tem-Iv-k-`,- cm-Py-k- - F-∂n-ß-s\- C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- N-cn-X-Øn-se- F-√m- k-`-I-fn-epw- Aw-K-am-b-G-I- a-e-bm-fn- h-\n-X-bm-Wv- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥.-

s]m-∂m-\n-bn-se-B-\-°-c- h-S-°-Øp-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬- 1894

G-]n¬- 22˛-\v- A-Ωp- P-\n-®p.- kzm-X-¥y- k-a-c-\m-bn-I- Ip-´n-am-fp-A-Ω- A-\p-P-Øn-bm-Wv.- ]m-e-°m-Sv- kz-tZ-in- tUm-Iv-S¿- kzm-an-\m-Y-s\- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-®-tXm-sS- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-\m-bn.-

ho-´n-en-cp-∂m-Wv- A-Ωp- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- t\-Sn-b-Xv.- km-am-\y- hn-Zym-`ym-k-ta- B¿-Pn-°m-≥ I-gn-™p-≈p.- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-™v- ¿-Øm-shm-∂n-®v- sN-ss∂-bn¬- Xm-a-k-am-°n.-ho-´n¬- H-Xp-ßn-°q-Sm-≥ A-h¿- C-jv-S-s∏-´n-√.- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ s]m-Xp-]-h¿-Ø-\-cw-K-Øv- k-Po-h-am-bn.- ¿-Øm-hv- A-Xv- t]m¬-km-ln-∏n-®p.-

tUm.- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ 1930˛¬- A-¥-cn-®p.- \m-ep-a-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿-°v-˛- e-£v-an,- ar-Wm-fn-\n,- tKm-hn-µ-≥,- kp-∫-cm-a-≥.- ¿-Øm-hn-s‚- hn-tbm-Kw- X-f¿-Øn-sb-¶n-epw- A-h¿- ]-h¿-Ø-\- ]m-X-bn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-≥am-dn-bn-√.- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-Im-e- h-\n-Xm- kw-L-S-\-I-fn-sem-∂m-b- a-Zm-kv-hn-a-≥kv- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-\n¬- A-h¿- Aw-K-am-bn.- ]n-∂o-S-Xn-s‚- ssh-kv- ]-kn-U-‚p-am-bn.-

1936˛-se- s]m-Xp-Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-e-Øv- A-Ωp- kzm-an-

\m-Y-≥ a¬-k-cn-®n-s√-¶n-epw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- ]-Nm-c-W-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- v- C-¥y-sbm- m-sI- k-©-cn-®p.- A-Jn-te-¥ym-X-e-Øn¬- h-\n-X-I-sf- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- cq-]w- \¬-

In-b- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- sk-I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.- cm-Pv-Ip-am-cn- A-ar-Xv-Iu¿- B-bn-cp-∂p- ]-kn-U-‚ v.- 1942˛¬- Izn-‰n-¥ym- k-a-c-Im-e-Øv- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ A-d-Ãn-em-bn.-

c-≠p-h¿-j-sØ- X-S-hn-\p-ti-jw- 1944˛¬- B-Wv- A-h¿- tam-Nn-X-bm-b-Xv.-

1945˛¬- \-S-∂- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- a-Zm-kv- kn-‰n- \n-tbm-P-

I- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ sk-≥S¬- e-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn-bn-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- tIm-¨-Ãn-‰yp-h-‚ v- A-kw-ªn-bn-epw- C-S-°m-e- ]m¿-e-sa-

‚n-epw- Aw-K-am-bn.- 1952˛-se- s]m-Xp- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- X-an-gv-\m-´n-se- Zn-≠n-°¬- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-am-bn.- 1957 -se- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- a¬-k-cn-®n-√.- ]n-∂o-Sv- cm-

Py-k- mw-K-am-bn.-C-¥ym- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®- ]-e- hn-Z-Kv-[-k-an-Xn-

I-fn-epw- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ ]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p-≠v.- kw-ÿm-

\-˛-tZ-io-b-X-e- ^n-enw- sk-≥k¿- t_m¿-Uw-K-am-bpw- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®p.- 1960˛-63 Im-e-Øv- `m-c-Xv- kv-Iu-´v- B-‚ v-ssK-Un-s‚- ]-kn-U-‚m-bn.- Cw-•o-jv,- ln-µn,- X-an-gv- F-∂o-`m-j-I-fn¬- ]m-ho-Wy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- \n-c-h-[n- hn-tZ-i- cm-Py-ß-fpw- k-µ¿-in-®p.-

B-\n- a-kv-Io≥ (1901˛1963)

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- A-kw-ªn-bn-te-°v- F-Xn-cn-√m-sX- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- B-Zy-h-\n-X,- Xn-cp-˛sIm-®n-bn-se- ]-Y-a- h-\n-Xm-a-¥n,- -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- I-c-Sp-tc-J-bn¬- H-∏n-´- cm-Py-X-¥-Pv-R,- temIvk`bnte°v Xncp˛sIm®nbn¬\n-∂v- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- - GI h-\n-Xm-km-am-Pn-I- F-∂o- \n-e-I-fn¬-tI-c-f-Øn-s≥-d- am-X-a-√- C-¥y-bp-sS- N-cn-X-Øne-pw- hy-Iv-Xn-ap-Z- ]-Xn-∏n-®- h-\n-X-bm-Wv- B-\n- a-kv-Io≥.- F-Æn-bm-sem-Sp-ßm-Ø- ]o-U-\-ß-fpw- bm-X-\-I-fpw- k-ln-°p-I-bpw-G-Xv- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb-bpw- sh-√p-hn-fn-°m≥- a-Sn-bn-√m-Ø-

ss[-cy-Øn-\p-S-abm-bn-cp-∂- A-h-sc- "Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- Qm≥-kn-dm-Wn'-sb-∂m-Wv- a-≈q¿- tKm-hn-µ-∏n-≈-(]-i-kv-X- A-`n-`m-j-I≥)- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.-

B-\n- a-kv-Io≥-1901 Pq¨- B-dn-\v- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- P-\n-®p.- Fw-F- _n-cp-Zw- t\-Sn-b-ti-jw- io-e-¶-bn¬- Ip-d-®p-Im-ew-tPm-en-t\m-°n.- ]n-∂o-Sv - Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwtem-tIm-tf-Pn¬-\n-∂v- _n-F¬- _n-cp-Zw- t\-Sn-b- A-h¿- A-`n-`m-j-I-bm-bn- ]m-Iv-So-kv- B-cw-`n-°p-I-bpw- Ip-d-™-k-a-bw- sIm-≠v- ]-i-kv-X-bm-hp-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xp.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- H-cp- cm-jv-So-b-kw-L-S-\-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- ]-h¿-Øn-®- A-h¿- D-Ø-c-hm-Z-]-t£m-`-W-k-a-b-Øv- a-‰v- ]-K¬-- t\-Xm-°-tfm-sSm-∏w- ap≥-\n-c-bn¬- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.- cm-jv-So-

b-]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- B-dp-h¿-j-Øn-te-sd-B-\n- a-kv-Io≥- P-bn¬-hm-kw- A-\p-`-hn-®p.-

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- \n-b-a-k- -bn-te-°v- B-\n- a-kv-Io≥- F-Xn-cn-√m-sX- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv- A-h-cp-sS- t\-Xr-ti-jn-bp-sS- ]-Xy-£- sX-fn-hm-Wv.- Xp-¿-∂v- A-h¿- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- \n-b-a-k- -bn¬-\n-∂v- " -c-W-L-S-\m-\n¿-am-W-k- '-bn-te-°v- ho-≠pw- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.- ]-d-hq¿- S-n- sI- \m-cm-b-W-]n-≈- a-¥n-k-`- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-®-t∏mƒ- hn-Zyp-Nv-O-Iv-Xn,-B-tcm-Ky-h-Ip-∏p-I-fp-sS- a-¥n-bm-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰- A-h¿-Xn-cp-˛sIm-®n-bn-se- B-Zy- h-\n-Xm-a-¥n-sb-∂- hn-ti-jW-Øn-\pw- A¿-l-bm-bn.-

]n-∂o-Sv- tIm¨-K-kn-¬-\n-∂v- cm-Pn-sh-®- A-h¿- 1952¬-sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n-∂v- kz-X-¥-kv-Ym-\m¿-Yn-bm-bn- a¬-k-cn-°p-I-bpw- h≥- q-cn-]-£-tØm-sS- tem-Iv-k-`-bn-te-°v- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- 1963Pq-sse- 19\v- B-\n- a-kv-Io≥- A-¥-cn-®p.-

e£van F≥ tat\m≥ (1899˛1994)

tI-µ-a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn-h-\n-X-bm-Wv- e-£v-an- F-≥ ta-

t\m-≥.- s\-lp-a-¥n-k- -bn¬- Aw-K-am-bn-cp-∂- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hn-Xw-

I-Tn-\-]-b-Xv-\-hpw- kv-Yn-tcm¬-km-l-hpw- H-cp-an-®m¬- H-cp- hy-‡n-

°v- F-X-tØm-fw- D-b-cm-≥ I-gn-bpw- F-∂-Xn-\p- sX-fn-hm-Wv.-

Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv-1899˛¬- e-£v-an- F-≥ta-t\m-≥ P-\n-®p.- Xn-

cp -h-\-¥-]p-cw, - sN-ss∂,- e-Iv-\u,- e-≠-≥ F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p- hn-Zym-`ym-kw.- A-[ym-]-I-˛- \n-b-a-_n-cp-Z-߃- t\-Sn-b- A-h¿- sN-

ss∂-bn-epw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-epw- A-[ym-]n-I-bm-bn- tPm-en-t\m-°n.- 1930˛¬- \-µ-≥ ta-t\m-s\- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-®p.- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- sIm-®n-bn-se- hn-Zym-`ym-k- U-b-d-Iv-S-dpw- ]-Sv-\,-

tI-c-f- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬- ssh-kv- Nm-≥k-e-dp-am-bn- tk-h-a-\p-jv-Tn-®n- p-≈- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- k-º¿-°w- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fp-sS- hn-im-e-am-b- tem-I-tØ-°v- e-£v-an-sb- \-bn-®p.-

]n-∂o-Sv- e-£v-an- km-aq-ln-I- ]-h¿-Ø-\-cw-K-tØ-°v- Xn-cn-™p.- ]-X-]-h¿-Ø-\-hpw- A-h-cp-sS- I¿-a-cw-K-am-bn.- Hmƒ-C-¥ym- hn-a-≥kv- tIm-¨-^-d-≥kv- F-∂- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS-

in¬-]n-I-fn-sem-cm-fm-b- A-h¿- A-Xn-s‚- sk-I-´-dn-bm-bpw-]-kn-U-‚m-bpw- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®p.-

P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-hp-am-bn- A-Sp-Øn-S-]-g-Im-≥ e-£v-

an- F-≥ ta-t\m-\v- A-h-k-c-ap-≠m-b-Xv- 1938˛¬- B-Wv.-1952˛¬- A-h¿- _o-lm-dn¬-\n-∂v- cm-Py-k-`-bn-te-°v- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-ø-s∏-´p.- 1952 ap-X¬- 1957 h-sc- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bp-sS- ]m¿-e-sa-‚-dn-Im-cy- sk-I- -dn-bm-bn.- 1957 ap-X¬- 1962h-sc- U-]yq-´n- a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- 1962˛-ap-X¬- 1967h-sc- hn-tZ-i-Im-cy-a-¥n-bm-bn.-

Xp-S¿-∂v- k-Po-h-cm-jv-So-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-≥hm-ßn-b- A-h¿- km-kv-Im-cn-I- km-aq-ln-I-cw-K-Øv- k-Po-h-am-bn- Xp-S¿-∂p.- C-¥y-bn-se- h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- k-ap-≤m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-h-cp-sS- e-£yw.- Z s]mknj≥ Hm v hpa¨ Ah¿- c-Nn-®-K-Ÿ-am-Wv.- 1978˛¬- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®- tI-c-f- a-Zy-\n-tcm-[-\-k-an-Xn-bp-sS- B-Zy- ]-kn-U-‚m-bpw- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.-

1974˛¬- \-µ-≥ ta-t\m-≥ A-¥-cn-®p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- H-‰-s∏-´-Po-hn-X-am-Wv- e-£v-an- \-bn-®-Xv.- 1994 \-hw-_¿- 30˛-\v- A-¥-cn-®p.- A-h-cp-sS- I¿-a-ssN-X-\y-sØ- 1957˛¬- cm-jv-Sw-]-Zv-a-`q-j-¨- _-lp-a-Xn-bn-eq-sS- B-Z-cn-®p.-

F.-hn-.Ip- n-am-fp- A-Ω- (1905˛1985)

tI-c-f-Øn-se- kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-N-cn-X-Øn-se- ]m-Xx-kv-a-c-Wo-b-cm-b- h-\n-X-I-fn-sem-cm-fm-Wv- F- hn- Ip-´n-am-fp- A-Ω.- sX-°≥- a-e-_m-dn-se- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- B-\-°-c- h-S-t°-Øv- X-d-hm- n¬- 1905 G-]n¬- 23\v- A-h¿- P-\n-®p. - sN-ss∂-bn-se-s] -Ip- n-Iƒ-°m-bp-≈- ]-kn-U≥-kn- kv-Iq-fn¬- B-bn-cp-∂p- hn-Zym- ym-kw.- ]m-b-am-b-s]¨-Ip-´n-I-sf- D-∂-X-hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\-\-

bv-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- A-∂-sØ- k-ap-Zm-bm-Nm-c-]-Im-cw- km-[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬- hn-c-f-am-bXn-\m¬- A-Ø-cw- hn-Zym- ym-kw- A-h¿-°v- e-`n-®n-√.-

a-e-_m-dn-se- ]-ap-J- tIm¨-K-kv- t\-Xm-hv- tIm-gn-∏p-d-Øv- am-[-h-ta-t\m≥- 1928¬- Ip´n-am-fp- A-Ω-sb- hn-h-m-lw-I-gn-®p.- A-Xn-\p-ti-jw- s]m-Xp-Po-hn-X-Øn-te-°v- Xn-cn-™-Ip-´n-am-fp- A-Ω- 1930se- kn-hn¬- B-Pv-Rm-ew-L-\- ]-kv-Ym-\w- ap-X¬- Jm-Zn-˛kz-tZ-in- ]-kv-Ym-\-ß-fn¬- k-Po-hw-hym-]r-X-bm-bn.- Xp-S¿-∂v- kzm-X-¥y-]m-]v-Xn-h-sc- Xym-tKm-÷z-e-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hn-Xw.- 1931¬- tIm-gn-t°m-s´- hn-tZ-i-h-kv-X-hym-]m-c- tI-µ-ß-fp-sS- ap-∂n-ep-≈- ]n-°-‰n-ßn¬- h-\n-Xm- thm-f-≠n-b¿-am-sc- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®v- A-h¿-k-a-c-sØ- B-th-i-`-cn-X-am-°n.- A-h-cp-sS- kw-Lm-S-\-ti-jn-bpw- t\-X-r-ssh-`-h-hpw- ]-cn-K-Wn-®v- tIm¨-K-kv- t\-Xr-Xzw- 1932¬- Ip-´n-am-fp- A-Ω-sb- tI-c-f-Øn-se- k-a-c-k¿-hm-[n-]-Xn-kv-Ym-\-Øv- A-h-tcm-[n-®p.-

\n-tcm-[-\m-Pv-R- ew-Ln-®v- tIm-gn-t°m- v- H-cp- h-ºn-®- k-Z- n-s\- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\-sN-bv-sX-∂- Ip-‰-am-tcm-]n-®v- Ip-´n-am-fp- A-Ω-bv-°v- c-≠p-h¿-j-sØ- X-S-hp-in-£- e- n-®p.- tI-h-ew- c-≠p-am-kw- ]m-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂- kz-¥w- in-ip-hn-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn- kv-Xo-Iƒ-°m-bp-≈- sh-√q¿- ]-kn-U≥-kn- P-bn-en¬-A-h¿- B- X-S-hp-in-£- A-\p-`-hn-®p.- ]n-∂o-S-h¿- a-Zm-kv-\n-b-a-k- mw-K-am-bn.-

1940 \-hw-_¿- 24\v- tN-hm-bq-cn¬- k-Xy-K-lw- A-\p-jv-Tn-®-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- A-h-sc- H-cp-h¿-jw- X-S-hn-\v- in-£n-®p.- Izn-‰n-¥ym- k-a-c-Im-e-Øv- ho-≠pw- kv-Xo-Iƒ-°m-bp-≈-]-kn-U≥-kn P-bn-en¬-X-s∂- X-S-hn-em-°-s∏-´- A-h¿-1944em-Wv- tam-Nn-X-bm-b-Xv.- ]n-s∂-bpw- A-h¿- kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- ap-gp-In.- sI-]n-kn-kn-- Aw-Kw,- A-[y-£,- tIm -K-kv- h¿-°n-Mv- I-Ωn-‰n- sa-º¿- F-∂o- \n-e-I-fn-epw- A-h¿- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®p.- ¿-Øm-hv- a-Zm-kv- a-¥n-k--bn¬- Aw-K-am-b-t∏mƒ- Ip-- n-am-fp- A-Ω- A-tßm- v- Xm-a-kw-

am-‰n.- ta-t\m-s≥-d- a-¥n-bm-bp-≈- tk-h-\-Im-e-Øn-\p-ti-jw-tIm-gn-t°m- v- Xm-a-k-am-°n-b- am-[-h-ta-t\m≥- Z-º-Xn-Iƒ- tZ-i-tk-h-\- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- ]n-s∂-bpw- i-≤-]-Xn-∏n-®p.-1985¬- Ip-´n-am-fp- A-Ω- A-¥-cn-®p.

kac\mbnIam¿

22 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2018 am¿-®v-- 1

* Cubn-sS- A-¥-cn-®- ]m-Iv- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-]-h¿-Ø-I- -A-kv-a- P-lmw-Ko¿-

*- -Sm-Iv-am-≥am¿- sS-bn-\-]-I-S-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- ]-Xn-hm-b-tXm-sS- C-¥y-≥ sd-bn¬-th- hn-I-kn-∏n-®- ]p-Xn-b- kp-c-£m- D-]-I-c-Ww- - c-£-Iv-

*- -A-£-bv-Ip-am¿- \m-b-I-\m-b- ]m-Uv-am-≥ F-∂- kn-\n-a-bv-°v- hn-e-°v-G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- A-b¬- cm-Pyw- -]m-In-kv-Xm-≥

*- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- tlm- -em-b-Pn-thm-d- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- B-cw- n-®-Xv-- Zp-_m-bv- (75 \n-e-I-fn-em-bn- 356 ao-‰¿- D-b-cw-)-

*- -hn-Pn-e-≥kn-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- U-b-d-Iv-S¿- -\n¿-a¬- N-µ-A-kv-Xm-\-

*- -h-\-hn-kv-Xr-Xn- h¿-[-\-bn¬- cm-Py-Øv- F-Xmw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv- tI-c-fw- -aq-∂v-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- sam-Ø- h-\-hn-kv-Xr-Xn- -23280N.-In.-ao.- (kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- `q-hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS- 59.-92%-)-

*- -tI-µ- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an-bp-sS- ]p-Xn-b- A-[y-£-≥ -N-µ-ti-J-c- I-ºm¿-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂v-tI-µ- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an- F-Iv-kn-Iyq-´o-hv- Iu-¨-kn-en-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛-]-`m-h¿-a-

*- -Cu-bn-sS- o-I-c¿- B-I-an-®- P-Ωp-I-iv-ao-cn-se- ssk-\n-I- tI-µw- -kp-≥Pp-hm-≥

*- -G-Xv- cm-Py-hp-am-bn- m-Wv- C-¥y- d-t^¬- bp-≤- hn-am-\- C-S-]m-Sv- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- -^m-≥kv-

*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- G-Xv- A-b¬- cm-Py-am-Wv- cm-jv-So-b-]-Xn-k-‘n-bn-eq-sS- tem-I- i-≤-t\-Sn-b-Xv- -am-en-Zzo-]v-

*- -]-[m-\-a-¥n- \-tc-µ-tam-Zn-°v- Km-≥Uv- tIm-f¿- Hm-^v- Zv- tÃ-‰v- F-∂- hn-tZ-i- cm-jv-S- t\-Xm-hn-\p-≈-]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn- \¬-In-b-Xv- -]m-e-kv-Xo-≥

*- -tI-µ-km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an- A-[y-£-s‚- Im-em-h-[n- - 5 h¿-jw-

*- -G-Xv- m-j-bn-se- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-\m-Wv- N-µ-ti-J¿-I-º¿- -I-∂-U-

*- -thƒ-Uv- td-Un-tbm-Zn-\-am-bn- bp-s\-kv-tIm- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv- -s -_p-h-cn- 13

*- -bp-\m-\n- sa-Un-kn-≥ kw-_-‘n-®- A-¥m-cm-jv-S-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-\v- 2018 s^-_p-h-cn-bn¬- th-Zn-bm-b-Xv-˛-\yq-U¬-ln-

*- -G-Xv- kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c- tk-\m-\n-bp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\-am-Wv- bq-\m-\n- Zn-\-am-bn- (s -_p-h-cn- 11)- B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv- -l-°nw- A-Pv-a¬- Jm-≥ (A-t±-lw- ]-i-kv-X-\m-b- bp-\m-\n- `n-j-Kz-c-≥ Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cn-∂p-)-

*- -bp.-F-≥.-d- yq-Pn- t]m-Km-an¬- \n-∂v- ]n-≥hm-ßn-b- B-^n-°-≥ cm-Pyw- -Xm-≥km-\n-b-

*- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy- ln-µp-t£-X-Øn-\m-Wv- ]-

[m-\-a-¥n- \-tc-µ-tam-Zn- 2018 s -_p-h-cn-bn¬- X-d-°-√n-´-Xv-˛-bp.-F.-C- (A-£¿-[mw- t£-X-Øn-s‚-am-Xr-I-bn-em-Wv- \n¿-Ωm-Ww-)-

*- -2018 P-\p-h-cn- 31 ap-X¬- s -_p-h-cn- 8 h-sc- \-S-∂-tJ-tem- C-¥y- kv-Iqƒ- sK-bnw-kn-s‚- sa-U¬- ]- n-I-bn¬- H-∂m-a-sX-Øn-b- (102 sa-U¬-)- kw-ÿm-\w- -l-cn-bm-\- (tI-c-fw- 28 sa-U-ep-am-bn- F- mw- ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-)-

*- -88˛m- a-Xv- a-lm-a-kv-X-Im- n-tj-Iw- im-h-W-_-e-tKm-f-bn¬- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xv- -cm-jv-S-]-Xn- cmw-\m-Yv-tIm-hn-µv-

*- -Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- N- w- ew-Ln-®-Xn-\v- H-cp- h¿-j-sØ-X-S-hv- in-£-bv-°v- hn-[n-°-s∏- - Kp-P-dm-Øv- C-S-°m-e- kv-]o-°¿- -\n-am-s_-≥ ]-t´¬-

*- -G-Xv- ]-i-kv-X-\m-b- a-e-bm-fn-°m-Wv- e-≠-\n¬- kv-am-c-Iw- \n¿-an-°p-∂-Xv- -hn.-sI.-Ir-jv-W-ta-t\m-≥

*- -Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- -bp.-F.-Jm-Z¿-

*- -]n.- m-kv-I-c-≥ ^u-t≠-j-s‚- Cu- h¿-j-sØ- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- -A¿-Pp-\-≥ am-ÿ-

*- -A-\-¥-aq¿-Øn- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛-Fw.-sI.-km-\p-

*- -H-cp- sk-‚ v- `q-an-sb-¶n-epw- kz-¥-am-bp-≈- \-K-c-ß-fn-se- ap-gp-h-≥ -h-\- c-ln-X¿-°pw- ho-Sv- e- n-°p-∂-cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\-sa-∂- t\- w- ssI-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv- -tI-c-fw- (50%- e-£yw- t\-Sn-b- Xn-]p-c-bm-Wv- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-Øv-)-

*- -]-©m-_v- \m-j-W¬- _m-¶p-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- - hm-bv-]m-X- n-∏v- tI-kn-eq-sS- am-[y-a- i-≤- t\-Sn-b- h-P-hy-h-km-bn- -\o-c-hv- tam-Zn-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn-se- m-j- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- ]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ- sNm-t√-≠- `m-jm- ]-Xn-⁄-X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv- -Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h-≥ \m-b¿-

*- -2016 -17 se- an-I-®- ]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p-≈- kz-cm-Pv-tSm- n- t\-Sn-b- Km-a-]-©m-b-Øv- -]m-e-°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se- io-Ir-jv-W-]p-cw-(an-I-®- tªm-°v- ]-©m-b-Øn-\p-≈- tSm- n-°v- tIm- -b-sØ- fm-ew- A¿-l-am-bn.- ]-Ø-\w-Xn- -bm-Wv- an-I-®- Pn-√m- ]-©m-b-Øv-)-

*- -C-]m-h-iy-sØ- kw-ÿm-\-X-e- ]-©m-b-Øv- Zn-\m-tLm-j-Øn-\v- s -_p-h-cn- 18,- 19 Xo-b-Xn-I-fn¬-th-Zn-bm-b-Xv- -s]-cn-¥¬-a-Æ- (a-e-∏p-dw- Pn-√-)-

*- -Cu-bn-sS- 11400tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- X- n-∏v- \-S-∂- _m-¶v- -]-©m-_v- \m-j-W¬- _m-¶v-

*- -cm-Py-Øv- B-Zy-am-bn- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X- ]-≤-Xn- ÿm-]n-°p-∂- tIm¿-∏-td-j-≥ - Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- (In-≈n-bm-dn-em-Wv- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- \n¿-Ωm-Ww- ]p-tcm-K-an-°p-∂p-)-

*- -hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛-Sn.-]-Zv-a-\m- -≥ (H-cp- e-£w- cq-]-bpw- ]-i-kv-Xn-]-X-hpw-in-ev-]-hpw- A-S-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw-)-

*- -\n-c-£-c-cn-√m-Ø- P-bn¬- F-∂- e-£y-tØm-sS- kw-ÿm-\- km-£-c-Xm- an-j-\pw- P-bn¬- h-Ip-∏pw- X-S-hp-Im¿-°m-bn- \-S-∏m-°p-∂- ]-≤-Xn-˛-P-bn¬-tPym-Xn-

*- -H-cm-gv-N-sØ- k-µ¿-i-\-Øn-\v- C-¥y-bn-se-Øn-b-Im-\-U- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- -P-Ãn-≥ Sq-tUm-

*- -]-[m-\-a-¥n- sl-bv-en-a-dn-bw- Z-km-se-bp-sS- cm-Pn-sb-Øp-S¿-∂v- A-Sn-b-¥n-cm-h-ÿ- ]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-- B-^n-°-≥ cm-jv-Sw- -F-tXy-]y-

*- -\o-Xn- B-tbm-Kv,- B-tcm-Ky- a-¥m-e-bw,- tem-I-_m-¶v- F-∂n-h- kw-bp-‡-am-bn- X-øm-dm-°n-b- B-tcm-Ky- kq-Nn-I-bn¬- H-∂m-a-sX-Øn-b- kw-ÿm-\w- -tI-c-fw- (D-Ø¿-]-tZ-iv- B-Wv- G-‰-hpw- ]n-∂n¬-)-

*- -sS-∂n-kn-s‚- N-cn-X-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-b-

Øn¬- (36)- H-∂m-a-sX-Øn- F-∂- t\- w- kz-¥-am-°n-b-Xv- -tdm-P¿- s -U-d¿- (2003˛¬- 33˛mw- h-b- n¬-H-∂mw- ÿm-\-Øn-Øn-b- B-tµ- A-Km-kn-bp-sS-sd-t°m¿-Um-Wv- a-dn-I-S-∂-Xv-)-

*- -tem-I-sØ- G-‰-hpw- k-º-∂-am-b- \-K-c-ß-fn¬- apw-ss_-bv-°v- F-Xmw- ÿm-\-am-Wv- -12 (A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- \yq-tbm¿-°m-Wv- k-º-Øn¬- H-∂mw- ÿm-\-Øv-)-

*- -Z-£n-Wm-^n-°-bp-sS- ]p-Xn-b- ]-kn-U-‚ v- kn-dn¬-dm-^-tam-kv- (tP-°-_v- kp-a- cm-Pn-h-®- H-gn-hn-em-Wv- \n-b-a-\w-)-

*- -t\-∏m-fn-se- ]p-Xn-b- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- -sI.-]n.-i¿-a- Hm-en- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bpw- t\-∏m-fn- tIm- -K-kv- ]-kn-U-‚p-am-bn-cp-∂- tj¿- _-lm-Zq¿- Zyq-s_- t\-c-sØ-cm-Pn- h-®n-cp-∂p-)-

*- -t\-∏m-fn-se- F-Xm-a-sØ- ]-[m-\- a-¥n-bm-Wv- i¿-a- Hm-en- -41

*- -cm-Py-Øv- Xn-X-e- ]-©m-b-Øv- -c-W-Øn¬- kv-Xo-]m-Xn-\n-[y-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- ap-∂n-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w- -Pm¿-J-Wv-Uv- (59%- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw.- 52 i-X-am-\w-

2018 am¿-®v- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 23

hm¿Øbpwhy‡nbpw

iotZhnt_mfnhpUn-se- B-Zy-sØ- te-Un- kq-∏¿- Ãm¿- F-∂-hn-ti-j-W-Øn-\p-S-a-bm-b- io-tZ-hn- (54)- Zp-_m-bn-bn¬-h-®v- lr-Z-bm-Lm-X-sØ-Øp-S¿-∂v- A-¥-cn-®p.- 1963 Hm-K-Ãv- 13 -\v- X-an-gv-\m- n-se- in-h-Im-in-bn-em-Wv- io-tZ-hn-P-\n-®-Xv.- Xp-ssW-h-≥ F-∂- X-an-gv- Nn-X-Øn-eq-sS-\m-emw- h-b- n¬- A- n-\-b-cw-K-sØ-Øn.- ]q-ºm-‰-bn-eq-sS- an-I-®- _m-e-Xm-c-Øn-\p-≈- tI-c-f- kw-ÿm-\-A-hm¿-Uv- e- n-®p.- 1976˛¬- ]-Xn-aq-∂mw- h-b- n¬- sI.-_m-e-N-µ¿- kw-hn-[m-\w- sN-bv-X- aq- -Sv-cv- ap-Sn-®v- F-∂- Nn-X-Øn¬- I-a-e-lm-k-\pw- c-P-\o-Im-¥n-\pw- H-∏w-\m-bn-I-bm-bn- A-c-tß-dn.- 2013˛¬- cm-Pyw- ]-Zv-a-io- \¬-In- B-Z-cn-®p.- a-e-bm-fw,- X-an-gv,- sX-ep-¶v,- I-∂-S,- ln-µn-F-∂o- `m-j-I-fn-em-bn- ap-∂q-dn-te-sd- Nn-X-ß-fn¬- A-`n-\-bn-®n- p-≠v.- Cu- h¿-jw- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßp-∂- jm-cq-Jv-Jm-≥ Nn-X-am-b- ko-tdm-bn¬- A-Xn-Yn-Xm-c-am-bn- A- n-bn-®n-cp-∂p.-

Fe¨ akvIv`£n-Wm-^n-°-bn¬- P-\n-®-A-ta-cn-°-≥ hy-h-km-bn-bm-Wv-F-e- - a-kv-Iv.- C-t±-l-Øn-s‚-I-º-\n-I-fm-Wv- kv-s]-bv-kv- F-Iv-kv- F-∂- kv-s]-bv-kv- F-Iv-kv-sπm-td-j-≥ sS-Iv-t\m-f-Po-kv-tIm¿-∏-td-j-\pw- sS-kv-e-bpw.- a-kv-In-s‚- tdm-Uv-ÿ- kv-t]m¿-Sv-kv- Im-dp-am-bn- m-Wv- ^m¬-°-

- sl-hn- tdm-°-‰v- _-ln-cm-I-i-Øv- t]m-b-Xv.- _-ln-cm-Im-i-bm-Xn-I¿- [-cn-°p-∂- th-j-an- - s_m-Ω-bm-Wv- ssU-hn-Mv-ko-‰n¬.- Ãm¿-am-≥ F-∂m-Wv-s_m-Ω-°v- t]-cv.- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- tI-]v- I-\-sh-d-en¬- \n-∂m-Wv- kv-t]-kv- F-Iv-kn-s‚-^m¬-°- - sl-hn- tdm-°-‰v- hn-

PÃnkvB‚Wn sUman\nIvtIc-f- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bp-sS- ]p-Xn-b- No-^v- P-Ãn-km-bn- B-‚-Wn-sUm-an-\n-Iv- \n-b-an-X-\m-bn.- H-cp- a-e-bm-fn- P-Uv-Pn- 17 h¿-j-߃-°v- ti-j-am-Wv- tI-c-f- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬- No- v- P-Ãn-km-Ip-∂-Xv-C-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- 2001˛¬- P-Ãn-kv- sI.-sI.-D-j-bm-Wv- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬- No- v- P-Ãn-km-bn-cp-∂- a-e-bmfn.

]t´¬ ]Xna DZvLmS\wHIvtSm_¿ 31˛\v

C¥ybp-sS- ]-Y-a- B- y-¥-c- a-¥n- k¿-Zm¿- h-√- m-bv- ]-t -en-s‚- ]-Xn-a- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- 143 ˛m- a-Xv- P-∑-Zn-\-am-b- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 31 -\v- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-øm-≥ Kp-P-dm-Øv- k¿-°m¿- Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- Ãm-Nyp- Hm- v- bq-Wn-‰n- (sF-Iy-]-Xn-a-)- F-∂v- t]-cn- n-cn-°p-∂- ]-Xn-a-bp-sS- D-b-cw- 182 ao-‰-dm-Wv.- tem-I-sØ- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- ]-Xn-a-bm-bn- C-Xn-s‚- \n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- 33000S- - D-cp-°m-Wv- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- in¬-∏-Øn-s‚- cq-]-I¬-∏-\- \n¿-h-ln-®-Xv- ]-ap-J- in¬-]n- dmw- hn.- kp-X¿- B-Wv.-

-\¿-Ω-Z- \-Zn-bn-se- k¿-Zm¿- k-tcm-h¿- A-W-s°-´n-\v- k-ao-]w- km-[p-t_-Sv- Zzo-]n-em-Wv- ]-t´¬- kv-am-c-Iw- D-b-cp-∂-Xv.- C-tXm-S-\p-_-‘n-®v- ]-t´-en-s‚- Po-hn-X- ap-lq¿-Ø-߃- Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®p-≈- te-k¿- sse-‰v- ku-≠v- tjm,- k¿-Zm¿- k-tcm-h¿-A-W-s°-´v- Im-Wm-\p-≈- ku-I-cyw,- ayq-kn-bw- F-∂n-h-sb-√mw- H-cp-°n-b-n´p≠v.

]m-Xn-\n-[y-tØm-sS- _o-lm-dn-s\m-∏w- tI-c-fw- A-©mw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-)-

*- -H-cp- A-Um¿- e-hv- F-∂- Nn-X-Øn-se- am-Wn-Iy- a-e-cm-b- F-∂- Km-\-Øn-eq-sS- t]-£-I-cp-sS- ]n-b-

Xm-c-am-bn- am-dn-b- ]p-Xp-ap-J- \-Sn- -]n-b- ]-Im-iv- hm-cy¿-

*- -H-cp- e-£w- cq-]-bpw- ]-i-kv-Xn-]-X-hp-a-S-ßp-∂- hm-Kv- -S-\m-µ- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- -Sn- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥

*- -Cu-bn-sS- C-¥y- k-µ¿-in-°p-I-bpw- H-≥]-Xv- I-cm-dp-I-fn¬- C-¥y-bp-am-bn- H-∏p- h-bv-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- C-dm-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v- -l-k-≥ dp-lm-\n-

*- -C-]m-h-iy-sØ- ⁄m-\-∏m-\- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- -io-Ip-am-c-≥ X-ºn-

*- -X-߃-Ip-™v- ap-k-en-bm¿- A-hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- -Un.-_m-_p-t]mƒ,- F-kv.-tkm-a-\m-Yv- (ap-≥ A-Uo-j-W¬- No- v- sk-I- -dn-bm-Wv- Un.-_m-_p-t]mƒ- hn.-F-kv.-F-kv.-kn.- U-b-Iv-S-dm-Wv- F-kv.-tkm-a-\m-Yv-)-

*- -A-Iv-_¿- I-°- n¬- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- -Sn.-Un.- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-≥a (50000 cq-]-bm-Wv- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øp-I-)-

*- -a-e-bm-f- kn-\n-a- Km-\- Km-b-I¿-°m-bn- B-cw-`n-®-]p-Xn-b- kw-L-S-\- -k-aw- (knw-tK-gv-kv- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-≥ Hm- v- a-e-bm-fw- aq-ho-kv-)-

*- -bp-≤-hn-am-\w- ]-d-Øn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ h-\n-X-˛-

A-h-\n- N-Xp¿-th-Zn-*- -a-’y-s -Un-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- sN-b¿-am-≥ - ]n.-]n.-Nn-Ø-

c-Rv-P-≥*- -Cu-bn-sS- A-¥-cn-®- tem-I-]-i-kv-X- kp-hn-ti-j-

]-h¿-Ø-I-≥ - _n-√n- K-lmw-*- -Cu-bn-sS- A-¥-cn-®- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- ]-h¿-Ø-I-

\pw- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-\p-am-b- sI.-]m-\q-cn-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y- t]-cv- -]p-Xn-b- ho- n¬- Ip-™n-cm-a-≥

*- -tI-µ- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an-bp-sS- \n¿-hm-l-I- k-an-Xn-bn-te-°v- F-Xn-cn-√m-sX- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- - a-

e-bm-fn- - ]- m- h¿-a-*- -hn¿-Nz¬- I-d-≥kn- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®- B-Zy-sØ- cm-Pyw-

- sh-\n-kz-e-*- -sh-\n-kz-e-bp-sS- hn¿-Nz¬- I-d-≥kn- - s]-tSm-*- -thƒ-Uv- C-≥^¿-ta-j-≥ sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn- tIm- - -d-

≥kn-\v- th-Zn-bm-b-Xv- - ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv-*- -Hm-kv-tS-en-b-bp-sS- ]p-Xn-b- D-]-]-[m-\-a-¥n- - ssa-

°¬- a-t°m¿-a-mIv

t£-]n-®-Xv.- tem-I-sØ- G-‰-hpw- I-cp-Øp-Iq-Sn-b- tdm-°-‰m-WnXv.

Printed and published by Saju George, Secretary, Kerala Public Service Commission on behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and printed at P. Krishna Pillai Memorial Printing andPublishing Company PVT. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram and published at Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala, PIN- 695 004. Editor Saju George.

PSC BULLETINFortnightly

Rupees 10March 1, 2018

1. R.N. 44588/85 Reg. No. KL/TV (N)34/2018-202. Licence No. for posting without pre payment - KL/TV(N)/WPP/165/2018-20

hPPq_nenBtLmjßfpsSkam]\ ktΩf\w

hPPq_nen ]h¿-Ø\ tcJ Kh¿W¿ PÃnkv (dn´.) ]n. kZminhw ]Im-i\w sNøp∂p

A≤y-£ ]kw-Kw- : - tUm.- Sn- Fw- tXm-akv- sFkIv-,-[\Im-cy- a¥n

A`n-kw-t_m-[\- : A-Uz.- Fw.-sI.- k-°o¿,-sNb¿-am≥ ˛ ]n-Fkv-kn-

kzm-KXw- : ]n.- in-h-Zm-k-≥,- saº¿ ˛ ]n-Fkv-kn- Ir-XPv-RX: km-Pp- tPm¿-Pv-,- skI´dn- ˛ ]n-Fkv-kn-