^

PSILOTALES

PREVIOUSLY

ASSIGNED

OWN PHYLUM

PSILOTOPHYTA

SYNONYM

P

PSILOTOPHYTA

^

COMMON NAMES

L

PSILOPHYTES

WHISK FERNS

PSILOTUM

WHISK

BROOM

^

DIVERSITY

EARTH

~12 SPECIES

1 SPECIES

^

REPRESENTATIVE

GENERA

PSILOTUM TMESIPTERIS

^

DISTRIBUTION

&

HABITAT

^

TMESIPTERIS

+

TMESIPTERISTMESIPTERIS

E

ENDEMIC

SOUTH PACIFIC

EARTH

ENDEMIC

SOUTH PACIFIC

E

TMESIPTERIS

ENDEMIC

ENDEMIC

GEOGRAPHICALLY

RESTRICTED

ENDEMIC

SOUTH PACIFIC

REGION

TMESIPTERIS

TROPICAL RAINFOREST

+

TMESIPTERISTMESIPTERIS

E

TMESIPTERISTMESIPTERIS

EPIPHYTE EPIPHYTE

^

PSILOTUM

+

PSILOTUM

TROPICAL

EARTH

W

WARM TEMPERATE

EARTH

PSILOTUM

INDIGENOUS

ALABAMA

PSILOTUM

I

INDIGENOUS

INDIGENOUS

GEOGRAPHICALLY

NATIVE

INDIGENOUS

WETLANDS

+

PSILOTUM

NON-EPIPHYTE

^

GENERAL

CHARACTERS

>

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

CHARCTERIZE

PSILOTALES

MEIOSIS

SPOROCYTES 2N

SPORES 1N

MITOSISGAMETOCYTES 1N

MITOSIS

GAMETE

SPERM

1N

GAMETE

EGG

1N

SYNGAMY

ZYGOTE 2N

MITOSIS

2N PHASE

MULTICELLULAR

SPORE PRODUCING PHASE

SPOROPHYTE2N PHASE

MULTICELLULAR

SPORE PRODUCING PHASE

SPOROPHYTE

1N PHASE

MULTICELLULAR

GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE

GAMETOPHYTE

SPOROPHYTE

2N PHASE

MULTICELLULAR

SPORE PRODUCING PHASE

PSILOTALES

LIFE CYCLE

SPOROPHYTE

2N PHASE

MULTICELLULAR

SPORE PRODUCING PHASE

GAMETOPHYTE

1N PHASE

MULTICELLULAR

GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE

^

SPOROPHYTE

CHARACTERS

^

MORPHOLOGY

+

PSILOTUMMORPHOLOGY

HR

PSILOTUM

HIGHLY REDUCED

MORPHOLOGY

+

AERIAL

STEM

RHIZOME

ENATION

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

ROOT ABSENT

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

C

COOKSONIAPSILOTUM

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

ROOT ABSENT

R

COOKSONIAPSILOTUM

RHYNIOPHYTA

HR

HIGHLY REDUCED

FERN PSILOTUM

P

HIGHLY REDUCED

FERN PSILOTUM

^

PTERIDOPHYTA

ROOT

AERIAL

STEM

RHIZOME

ENATION

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

TRUE ROOT

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

A

AERIAL

STEM

RHIZOME

ENATION

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

TRUE ROOT: ABSENT

LOST VIA REDUCTION

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

^

STEM

^

STEM STELE

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM

+

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM P

PROTOSTELE

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM A

PROTOSTELE / ACTINOSTELE

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM X

~1 XYLEM / MATURATION

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM >

P

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM

PROTOXYLEM

~1 XYLEM / MATURATION

M

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM

PROTOXYLEM

METAXYLEM

~1 XYLEM / MATURATION

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM

PROTOXYLEM

METAXYLEM

E

~1 XYLEM / MATURATION

ENDARCH

C.S. PSILOTUM

STEM

PROTOXYLEM

METAXYLEM

^

RHIZOME

AERIAL

STEM

RHIZOME

ENATION

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

ROOT ABSENT

PSILOTUM

V

AERIAL

STEM

VERY SMALL

RHIZOME

ENATION

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

ROOT ABSENT

PSILOTUM

L

AERIAL

STEM

LIMITED

LATERAL GROWTH

ENATION

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

ROOT ABSENT

PSILOTUM

M

RHIZOME

PSILOTUM

MYCORRHIZAE

ABUNDANT

D

RHIZOME

DICHOTMOUS

BRANCHING

PSILOTUM

MYCORRHIZAE

ABUNDANT

^

AERIAL STEM

PSILOTUMAERIAL STEM

DICHOMTOMOUS

BRANCHING

ENATION

AERIAL

STEM

PSILOTUM

ROOT ABSENT

PSILOTUM

RHIZOME

P

PSILOTUM

PHOTOSYNTHETIC

AERIAL STEM

D

PSILOTUM

DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

AERIAL STEM

?

PSILOTUM

?

PSILOTUM

?

E

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

ENATIONS

PRESENT

ENATIONS

PRESENT

F

+

PSILOTUM

FROND

PSILOTUM

FROND

^

FROND

^

MORPHOLOGY

PSILOTUM

FROND

PSILOTUM

S

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

SCALE-LIKE

ENATION

P

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

PSYN

H

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

HIGHLY

REDUCED

MEGAPHYLL

!

TRUE

NON-REDUCED

ENATIONS

SAWDONIA ^

FROND / ENATION

EVOLUTION

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

FROND / ENATION

EVOLVED

VIA

REDUCTION

LAMINA

SIMPLE

FERN FROND

R

SIMPLE

FERN FRONDREDUCTION

+

SIMPLE

FERN FRONDREDUCTION

>

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

FROND

SCALE-LIKE

ENATION

>

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

FROND

HIGHLY

REDUCED

MEGAPHYLL

^

PHYLLOTAXY

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

FROND

FROND

PHYLLOTAXY

A

NODE

NODE

PSILOTUM

PSILOTUM

FROND

FROND

ALTERNATE

PHYLLOTAXY

^

NODE

NODE

SPORANGIUM

MULTIPLE

CELL

INITIALS

WALL CELLS THICK WALL

SPOROCYTES

WALL CELLS

SPOROCYTES

TAPETUM

NUMEROUS

SPORES

L.S.

LARGE SIZE

E

MULTIPLE

CELL

INITIALS

WALL CELLS THICK WALL

SPOROCYTES

WALL CELLS

SPOROCYTES

TAPETUM

NUMEROUS

SPORES

EUSPORANGIUM L.S.

LARGE SIZE

+

PSILOTUMPSILOTUM

EUSPORANGIUM

EUSPORANGIUM

EUSPORANGIUM

F

PSILOTUMPSILOTUM

EUSPORANGIUM

FUSED

EUSPORANGIUM

FUSED

EUSPORANGIUM

FUSED

PSILOTUMAERIAL STEM

EUSPORANGIA

FUSED

?

C.S.

PSILOTUM

?

AERIAL STEM

S

C.S.

PSILOTUM

SYNANGIUM

AERIAL STEM

S

C.S.

SYNANGIUM

PSILOTUM

SYNANGIUM

FUSED

SPORANGIA

PSILOTUM

SYNANGIUM

+

PSILOTUM

SYNANGIUM

AERIAL STEM

^

C.S.

SYNANGIUM

EVOLUTION