• "isc#ss ph$sical growth an! !eelopment in in%anc$
• "escri&e in%ants' motor !eelopment
• ()plain sensor$ an! percept#al !eelopment in
in%anc$
• Cephaloca"!al The se#ence in which the earliest
growth alwa$s occ#rs at the top4the hea!4with
 ph$sical growth an! %eat#re !i%%erentiation gra!#all$
wor5ing %rom top to &ottom
• #ro$imo!istal Growth starts at center o% &o!$ an!
moes towar! e)tremities
6ATT(+ 7 G+8TH
7IG9+( :.1 - CHAG( I 6+6+TI 7 TH(
H9MA "; "9+IG G+8TH
 
• Aerage orth American new&orn is 20 inches an! <=
 po#n!s
• Aerage 2-$ear-ol!
• 2> to 32 po#n!s an! 32 to 3: inches tall
• Growth rate consi!era&l$ slower in secon! $ear 
H(IGHT A" 8(IGHT
• ()tensie growth in #tero an! in%anc$
• ha5en &a&$ s$n!rome - rain swelling an!
hemorrhaging
• 6(T an! M+I scans ma$ harm in%ant
• ((G shows &rain actiit$ sp#rt %rom 1= to 2 $ears o%
age
• %ore&rain' The region o% the &rain that is %arthest
%rom the spinal cor! an! incl#!es the cere&ral corte)
an! seeral str#ct#res &eneath it
• Cere&ral corte$' Tiss#e that coers the %ore&rain li5e
a wrin5le! cap an! incl#!es two hales, or
hemispheres
hemisphere o% the cere&ral corte) or the other 
MA66IG TH( +AI
7IG9+( :.3 - TH( H9MA +AI'
H(MI6H(+(
7IG9+( :.@ - TH( +AI' 79+
*(
 
7IG9+( :.: - TH( (9+
7IG9+( :.> - TH( "((*6M(T 7
"("+ITIC 6+(A"IG
• looming an! pr#ning
• $naptic oerpro!#ction pea5s a&o#t @ months a%ter  &irth
• 6re%rontal corte) oerpro!#ction pea5s a&o#t 3 $ear o% age
• A!#lt !ensit$ achiee! in a!olescence
• Here!it$ an! enironment a%%ect timing
+AI "((*6M(T
7IG9+( :.< - ;A6TIC "(IT; I TH( H9MA +AI
7+M I7AC; T A"9*TH"
 
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights resere!.
• The &rain !emonstrates &oth %l e)i&ilit$ an! resilience
•  e#roscientists &eliee that what wires the &rain is repeate! e)perience
• *e"roconstr"ctiist iew' iological processes an! enironmental con!itions in%l#ence the &rain's !eelopment
• The &rain has plasticit$ an! is conte)t !epen!ent
• rain !eelopment is closel$ lin5e! with cognitie !eelopment
(A+*; (6(+I(C( A" TH( +AI
 
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights resere!.
• In%ants 0 to 2 $ears o% age slept an aerage o% 12.B
ho#rs a !a$
reporte! &$ parents is nighttime wa5ing
• In%ant nighttime wa5ing pro&lems hae consistentl$
 &een lin5e! to e)cessie parental inolement in
sleep-relate! interactions with their in%ant
*((6
• The e$es %l#tter &eneath close! li!s
• In non-+(M sleep, this t$pe o% e$e moement !oes
not occ#r an! sleep is #ieter
+(M D+A6I" (;( M(M(TE *((6
 
7IG9+( :.10 - "((*6M(TA* CHAG( I
+(M A" -+(M *((6
• C#lt#re an! leeping Arrangements
• haring &e! common in man$ c#lt#res
• Cri&Fseparate room common in 9..
• American Aca!em$ o% 6e!iatrics !isco#rages co-sleeping  &eca#se o% stress an! I" ris5 
HA+(" *((6IG
• In%ant stops &reathing, #s#all$ !#ring night, an! !ies
witho#t apparent ca#se
• Highest ca#se o% in%ant !eath in 9..
• Highest ris5 is 2 to @ months o% age
• 6rone position re!#ces ris5 
• *ess common in &e!room with %an an! in%ant who sleeps
with paci%ier 
DI"E
• Health$ in%ants nee!
• :0 calories per !a$ per po#n! o% weight
• reast mil5 Dnat#re's %oo!E
• Gra!#al increase o% chew-an!-swallow
• More %r#its an! egeta&les, less #n5 %oo!
• "eman! %ee!ing &ecoming more pop#lar 
• 6oor !ietar$ patterns can ca#se oerweight
 9T+ITI
• reast mil5 • 7ewer gastrointestinal in%ections
• *ower respirator$ tract in%ections
• +e!#ces e%%ects o% asthma in %irst 3 months
• +e!#ce ris5 o% s5in in%lammation
• Ma$ lessen li5elihoo! o% o&esit$
• *owers ris5 o% chil!hoo! an! a!#lt !ia&etes
• *ess ris5 o% e)periencing I"
• Claims o% no lin5 to allerg$ preention
• Claims o% no lin5s to chil!ren's cognitie !eelopment an! car!ioasc#lar s$stem
+(AT (+9 TT*( 7(("IG
 
who &reast %ee! their in%ants
• +e!#ction in oarian cancer in women who &reast %ee!
their in%ants
• mall re!#ction in t$pe 2 !ia&etes in women who
 &reast %ee! their in%ants
(A*9ATI 7 ((7IT 7+ TH(
MTH(+ 
• (arl$ weaning can ca#se !e%iciencies
• In%ants can !eelop
• Marasm"s' A wasting awa$ o% &o!$ tiss#es in the in%ant's
%irst $ear, ca#se! &$ seere protein-calorie !e%icienc$
• +washioror' A con!ition ca#se! &$ a seere !e%ienc$ in
 protein in which the chil!'s a&!omen an! %eet &ecome
swollen with water 
• 9s#all$ appears &etween 1 to 3 $ears o% age
MA*9T+ITI I I7AC;
 
• Imm#ni?ation &egins in in%anc$
• Acci!ent preention
• Aspiration o% %oreign o&ects
• #%%ocation
• 7alls
• 6oisoning
• #rns
!eelopment that see5s to e)plain how motor s5ills are
assem&le! %or perceiing an! acting
• 8hen in%ants are motiate! to !o something, the$ might
create a new motor &ehaior 
• Mastering a motor s5ill re#ires the in%ant's actie e%%orts to
coor!inate seeral components o% the s5ill
";AMIC ;T(M TH(+;
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights resere!.
• #ilt-in reactions to stim#li that goern the new&orn's
moements, which are a#tomatic an! &e$on! the
new&orn's control
• /ooting +eaction to chee5Fmo#th to#che!
• "cing A#tomatic s#c5ing o&ect in mo#th
• Moro tartle response ca#ses &ac5 arching, rapi! closing o%
arms an! legs
• a&insi Toes %an, %oot arches when sole is stro5e!
• Grasping 8hen something to#ches palm
+(7*((
• Milestones %or large m#scle actiities
• "eelopment o% post#re
• *earning to wal5 
• 5ille! an! mo&ile p#ll to$s, clim& stairs
•  at#ral e)ercise wal5 #ic5l$, r#n sti%%l$
G+ MT+ I**
7IG9+( :.1> - MI*(T( I G+ MT+
"((*6M(T
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights resere!.
• Motor s5ills that inole %inel$ t#ne! moements
• 7inel$ t#ne! Dcoor!inate!E moements
• 6ercept#al-motor co#pling necessar$
• 7inger !e)terit$ Dth#m& an! %ore%ingerE
• Two t$pes o% grasps 6almar an! 6incer
• 8rists an! han!s t#rn an! rotate more
• ()perience an! e)ercise hae impact
7I( MT+ I**
• ensation The pro!#ct o% the interaction &etween
in%ormation an! the sensor$ receptors4the e$es, ears,
tong#e, nostrils, an! s5in
• #erception The interpretation o% what is sense!
8HAT A+( (ATI A"
• cological iew The iew that perception %#nctions
to &ring organisms in contact with the enironment
an! to increase a!aptation.
• Aor!ances pport#nities %or interaction o%%ere! &$
o&ects that %it within o#r capa&ilities to per%orm
%#nctional actiities
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights resere!.
• Hea! moement in!icates some ision • 4is"al preerence metho! A metho! #se! to !etermine whether
in%ants can !isting#ish one stim#l#s %rom another &$ meas#ring the length o% time the$ atten! to !i%%erent stim#li
• ha&it"ation "ecrease! responsieness to a stim#l#s a%ter repeate! presentations o% the stim#l#s
• isha&it"ation' +ecoer$ o% a ha&it#ate! response a%ter a change in stim#lation
• Trac5ing - Applie! to ision an! hearing • High-amplit#!e s#c5ing, i!eos, comp#ters
T9";IG I7AT 6(+C(6TI
 
• 6erceiing patterns J patterns pre%erre!
• 6ercept#al constanc$ J si?e, shape
• 6erception o% occl#!e! o&ects
• "epth perception 
• inoc#lar c#es &$ age 3 to @ months
I9A* 6(+C(6TI
• Hearing - egins in wom&
• To#ch an! 6ain
•  at#re, n#rt#re, an! percept#al !eelopment
• 6ercept#al motor co#pling
TH(+ ((