PSYC 200Week #2Literature searches and APA style

Agenda Roll call Collect and discuss graded assignments Wicked cool psychology careers video Common Knowledge Test Literature Search Tutorial APA Style Generally Speaking

Attendance

Assignments Due Reading assignment

Disclaimers about exercises Essay Assignment #1 Conference Week One

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Common Knowledge Test How much psychology do you know?

Literature Search TutorialFinding what you want when you want it (like Wal-Mart).

Literature Search Basics What is it?

Process of finding previously published work the relates to or has inspired / provided background for your current work.

Why do it? You’re not the first person to have your great

idea. On the shoulders of giants…

Cross-referencing

Peer-Review What is it?

A process by which scientific or scholarly work is submitted to others in the field (i.e., peers) for their criticisms and comments.

Why does it matter? Science is public Accountability Assurance

Peer-Review (cont’d) Where to find peer-reviewed articles

Journals Books (scholarly)

Where not to find peer-reviewed articles Newspapers Popular Science American Psychologist Cosmopolitan

Helping Resources Langsdale Library Research Tutorials

http://langsdale.ubalt.edu/howto/tutorials/research_tutorials.htm

Research Help by Discipline http://langsdale.ubalt.edu/howto/index.htm

Research Help for Psychology http://langsdale.ubalt.edu/howto/psychology_guide.htm

The 5 Questions of Lit Search1. What are you researching?

2. Where can you find it?

3. When should the articles be published?

4. Who wrote the articles?

5. Where can I find these articles?

What are you researching? Isolate your topic or question

What is the relationship between studying and test performance?

Generate key-phrases and words Study hours, study time, studying, student

engagement Test score, academic performance, GPA

Pick a target phrase Study hours and test performance

Where can you find it? There are many different search engines

ResearchPort http://langsdale.ubalt.edu/

EbscoHost (within ResearchPort) There are many different databases

PsycINFO, PsycArticles, SocIndex, etc. There are many different journals

Journals and Their Ranks Not all journals are made the same Top-Tier Journals

JAP (Journal of Applied Psychology) JPSP (Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology) Academy of Management Journal Journal of Social Psychology Journal of Occupational and Organizational

Psychology

Journals and Their Ranks Not-so Top Tier (but not necessarily low

quality) Journal of Happiness Studies Counseling and Values Journal of Applied Social Psychology Many others…

When should the article be published? Most recent information? Older information? You CAN limit (in most cases) the years of

publication returned in your search.

Who wrote the articles? Often 2 – 3 important authors in a given area Be sure to locate and/or cite their work when

applicable Authors typically write more than one article

on a given topic Find one you like, and trace through their work

Where can I find these articles? Full-text downloads Other databases Interlibrary loan!!!

Let’s try it out! What are we researching? Where can I find it? When should they be published? Who wrote these articles? Where can I find these articles? Now what?

General APA StyleBasic sentence style and construction

Citing Other Authors Central component of APA writing Two pieces of info needed

Author’s (authors’) last name(s) Year of publication

Ordering of these pieces varies McDermitt (2003) found… …was found (McDermitt, 2003) McDermitt’s (2003) research found…

Remember: no titles until reference page

Secondary Sources Did you really, really read all of these

articles? You should not cite articles you have not

read. If you heard about article Z through article H,

include article H in reference section and tell reader article H was cited in Z

Smith (as cited in McDermitt, 2003)

Common phrases Same phrase, different day

See Szuchman pp. 14 – 19 Avoid these!!

Feel, believe, think, prove, stated, wrote, said Replace with:

Hypothesize, conjecture, reason, support, found, suggested

Avoid Wordiness Clear & Concise See Szuchman p. 20-21 Write like a poet

Make every word count Avoid unnecessary transitions Say what you want to using one word instead of

two Say it with one word rather than two Say it with one word, not two

Informalities and Slang No contractions! No colloquialisms

Sky-high, bright idea, blah blah others?

Time or not? “since” is a time word

“because” is a reason word “while” is a time word

“although” is a contrasting word

Me, myself, and I Can you use first person?

YES!! Use the appropriate first person pronoun

when referring to yourself or the author(s) of your paper.

Consider using passive voice I gave the survey to 70 participants Seventy participants received the survey

I bet you think this article’s about you

DO NOT call your reader a you DO NOT refer to people in general as “we” TRY:

When one attempts to guess… Or

Individuals vary in their ability to…

Sexist Language When referring to an object that could be

either male or female (e.g., a participant, a client, etc.) you MUST not exclude a gender.

For example, “When a therapist begins a session, she introduces herself first.”

Try, “…the therapist introduces his or herself…” “…self-introductions come first…” Or: Make it plural “When therapists begin

sessions, they introduce themselves first.”

Irregular Plurals

Data

Datum

Singular Plural

Phenomenon

Phenomena

Hypotheses

Hypothesis

Abbreviations That is…

Study for your class; that is, if you don’t want to fail. Study for your class (i.e., if you don’t want to fail)

And so on… Notes, books, pencils, etc.

For example… For example, students in PSYC200. …(e.g., students in PSYC200).

And other people (things) [used when have many authors] …was found (Johns, et al., 2002).

APA Headings (APA p. 112-13)

CENTERED UPPERCASE

Centered Title Caps

Centered, Title Caps, Italicized

Left, Title Caps, Italicized

Indented, sentence caps, italicized, end with period. And begin paragraph.