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Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders and Therapyand Therapy
Diagnosing, IdentifyingDiagnosing, Identifying
and Dealingand Dealing
Some of Chapter 14 & all of Some of Chapter 14 & all of Chapter 15 and 16Chapter 15 and 16
How do you know if somebody is How do you know if somebody is mentally ill?mentally ill?
Personality InventoriesPersonality Inventories ObjectiveObjective
Minnesota Minnesota MultiphasicMultiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-(MMPI-2)2)
ProjectiveProjectiveRorschach Inkblot TestRorschach Inkblot TestThematic Apperception Test (TAT)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
What is a psychological What is a psychological disorder?disorder?
A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical, disturbing, A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable behaviormaladaptive and unjustifiable behavior
Perspective Perspective Therapy Therapy Medical PerspectiveMedical Perspective
Philippe Pinel (1800ish)Philippe Pinel (1800ish) Bio-Psycho-Social PerspectiveBio-Psycho-Social Perspective Learning PerspectiveLearning Perspective PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic HumanisticHumanistic
Classifying DisordersClassifying Disorders DSM-IV-DSM-IV-TRTR
Neurotic vs. psychoticNeurotic vs. psychotic
DSM-IV DiagnosesDSM-IV Diagnoses
David Rosenhan and Thomas SzaszDavid Rosenhan and Thomas SzaszMajor ClassesMajor Classes
AnxietyAnxietyAffectAffectDissociative DisordersDissociative DisordersSchizophreniaSchizophreniaPersonalityPersonality
Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Panic DisorderPanic DisorderPhobiaPhobia
Agora-Agora-Simple (Specific)Simple (Specific)SocialSocial
Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderObsessive-Compulsive DisorderObsessionObsessionCompulsionCompulsion
Explaining Anxiety DisordersExplaining Anxiety Disorders
Learning PerspectiveLearning PerspectiveConditioning of FearConditioning of Fear
Biological PerspectiveBiological PerspectiveEvolutionEvolution
Fear of SnakesFear of SnakesGenesGenes
Identical Twins develop similar phobiasIdentical Twins develop similar phobiasPhysiologyPhysiology
Frontal lobeFrontal lobeSerotoninSerotoninAmygdalaAmygdala
Affective DisordersAffective Disorders
Major DepressionMajor DepressionDysthymiaDysthymia
BipolarBipolarManiaManiaDepressionDepression
Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar Allan PoeAllan Poe
CyclothymiaCyclothymia
Explaining Affective DisordersExplaining Affective Disorders
Psychoanalytic PerspectivePsychoanalytic Perspective Childhood maladaptivityChildhood maladaptivity
Biological PerspectiveBiological Perspective Genetic – runs in familiesGenetic – runs in families BiochemicalBiochemical
Norepinephrine – overabundant during mania, Norepinephrine – overabundant during mania, scarce during depressionscarce during depression
Serotonin – SSRIsSerotonin – SSRIs Frontal Lobes – less active in depressionFrontal Lobes – less active in depression
Cognitive PerspectiveCognitive PerspectiveLearned helplessness Learned helplessness self-defeating beliefs self-defeating beliefs
M.E.P. SeligmanM.E.P. Seligman Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders
DepersonalizationDepersonalization
Dissociative AmnesiaDissociative Amnesia
Dissociative FugueDissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
SchizophreniaSchizophreniaDisorganized thinkingDisorganized thinking
Hallucinations & delusionsHallucinations & delusions GrandeurGrandeur ParanoidParanoid ReferenceReference
Clanging & word saladClanging & word saladFlat AffectFlat Affect
Types of SchizophreniaTypes of SchizophreniaPositive Symptoms & Negative SymptomsPositive Symptoms & Negative SymptomsChronic vs. acuteChronic vs. acute
ParanoidParanoid DisorganizedDisorganized CatatonicCatatonic
Explaining SchizophreniaExplaining Schizophrenia Brain AbnormalitiesBrain Abnormalities
Dopamine OveractivityDopamine Overactivity Movement, learning, attention, emotionMovement, learning, attention, emotion
Glutamate OveractivityGlutamate OveractivityBrain ActivityBrain Activity
Low frontal lobe activityLow frontal lobe activity Planning and organizationPlanning and organization
Fluid-filled sinusesFluid-filled sinuses Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamusHippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
Birth FactorsBirth Factors Virus or starvation during pregnancyVirus or starvation during pregnancy
GeneticsGenetics Behavioral ApproachBehavioral Approach
Token EconomyToken Economy
Personality DisordersPersonality DisordersAvoidant PersonalityAvoidant Personality
Withdrawn b/c of anxietyWithdrawn b/c of anxietySchizoid Personality DisorderSchizoid Personality Disorder
Socially disengaged b/c of “eccentricity”Socially disengaged b/c of “eccentricity”Histrionic PersonalityHistrionic Personality
Dramatic and impulsiveDramatic and impulsiveNarcissisticNarcissistic
Exaggerate own importanceExaggerate own importanceBorderlineBorderline
UnstableUnstableAntisocial Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder
PrisonerPrisonerParanoid Personality DisorderParanoid Personality Disorder
What is therapy?What is therapy?
Psychological TherapiesPsychological Therapies PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic HumanisticHumanistic BehaviorBehavior CognitiveCognitive Group/FamilyGroup/Family
Medical TherapiesMedical Therapies DrugDrug ECTECT PsychosurgeryPsychosurgery
PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis
Unconscious childhood conflict Unconscious childhood conflict “uncover” “uncover” feelings/conflictsfeelings/conflicts
Based on Freud’s theoriesBased on Freud’s theories ID, EGO, SUPEREGOID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Free associationFree association HypnosisHypnosis
RegressionRegression Dream InterpretationDream Interpretation Resistance/InterpretationResistance/Interpretation Transference/CountertransferenceTransference/Countertransference
PsychodynamicsPsychodynamics Assuming today’s behavior is caused by yesterday’s Assuming today’s behavior is caused by yesterday’s
conflictsconflicts
Humanistic PerspectiveHumanistic Perspective
““Happiness”Happiness” Self-Actualization Self-ActualizationAbraham Maslow/Carl RogersAbraham Maslow/Carl Rogers
Self-actualizationSelf-actualizationUnconditional positive regardUnconditional positive regardSelf-concept/self-esteemSelf-concept/self-esteem
Client-Centered TherapiesClient-Centered TherapiesActive-listeningActive-listening
Behavior TherapyBehavior Therapy
Incorrect Learning Incorrect Learning “Re-learning” “Re-learning” Classical Conditioning TherapyClassical Conditioning Therapy
CounterconditioningCounterconditioningMary Cover JonesMary Cover Jones
Systematic desensitizationSystematic desensitizationProgressive relaxationProgressive relaxation
FloodingFlooding Aversive conditioningAversive conditioning
Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning Token EconomyToken Economy
Cognitive TherapyCognitive Therapy
Improper Thinking Improper Thinking Thought Thought RealigningRealigning
Cognitive TherapyCognitive TherapyDepressionDepression
Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyCognitive-Behavioral TherapyOCD/PET Scan ReadingsOCD/PET Scan Readings